1.
Denmark
–
The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
2.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Rock music
–
It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
4.
Hard rock
–
Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
5.
Heavy metal music
–
Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
6.
Guitar
–
The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
7.
Singing
–
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
8.
Bass guitar
–
The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
9.
Piano
–
The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
10.
Banjo
–
The banjo is a four-, five- or six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator, called the head. The membrane, or head, is made of plastic, although animal skin is still occasionally but rarely used. Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by Africans in America, the banjo is frequently associated with country, folk, Irish traditional and bluegrass music. Historically, the banjo occupied a place in African American traditional music. The banjo, with the fiddle, is a mainstay of American old-time music and it is also very frequently used in Traditional Jazz. The modern banjo derives from instruments that had used in the Caribbean since the 17th century by enslaved people taken from West Africa. Written references to the banjo in North America appear in the 18th century, the etymology of the name banjo is uncertain. The word could have come from the Yoruba word Bami jo and it may derive from the Kimbundu word mbanza. A Banza, a five double string courses Portuguese viuhela with two short strings, mbanza is a string African instrument that has been built after the Portuguese Banza. Banza is quite similar to Banjo, various instruments in Africa, chief among them the kora, feature a skin head and gourd body. Banjos with fingerboards and tuning pegs are known from the Caribbean as early as the 17th century, 18th- and early 19th-century writers transcribed the name of these instruments variously as bangie, banza, bonjaw, banjer and banjar. Instruments similar to the banjo have been played in many countries, another likely relative of the banjo is the akonting, a spike folk lute played by the Jola tribe of Senegambia, and the ubaw-akwala of the Igbo. Early, African-influenced banjos were built around a body and a wooden stick neck. These instruments had varying numbers of strings, though often including some form of drone, the five-string banjo was popularized by Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer from Appomattox Court House, Virginia. In the 1830s Sweeney became the first white performer to play the banjo on stage and his version of the instrument replaced the gourd with a drum-like sound box and included four full-length strings alongside a short fifth string. This new banjo was at first tuned dGdf♯a, though by the 1890s this had been transposed up to gcgbd, Banjos were introduced in Britain by Sweeneys group, the American Virginia Minstrels, in the 1840s, and became very popular in music halls. In the Antebellum South, many black slaves played the banjo, two techniques closely associated with the five-string banjo are rolls and drones. Rolls are right hand fingering pattern that consist of eight notes that subdivide each measure
11.
Chrysalis Records
–
Chrysalis Records /ˈkrɪ. sə. lɪs/ is a British record label that was created in 1969. The name was both a reference to the stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders names, Chris Wright. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency and this was after the single Sunshine Day/Aeroplane was incorrectly credited to Jethro Toe. Jethro Tull signed with Reprise Records in the United States, which led Chrysalis to an American distribution deal with Reprises parent company and this lasted from 1972 until U. S. Chrysalis switched to independent distribution in 1976. PolyGram handled international distribution and Festival Records covered Australia and New Zealand, towards the end of the 1970s, the label began to extend its range of music, incorporating acts from the Punk Rock scene such as Generation X. The Chrysalis offshoot 2 Tone Records brought in such as The Specials. In 1979 Chrysalis bought and distributed U. S. folk label Takoma Records, naming manager/producer Denny Bruce as president, jon Monday who was Vice President of Takoma Records prior to the acquisition continued as General Manager, later becoming Director of Marketing of Chrysalis Records. Chrysalis made history in 1979 by creating the first music video album, in the 1980s, Chrysalis was at the forefront of the British New Romantic movement with bands such as Gen X, Ultravox, and Spandau Ballet. The 1980s proved to be the most successful time for the label, whose roster then included Billy Idol, Pat Benatar, Blondie and Huey Lewis, Chrysalis also distributed Animal Records, the short-lived label founded by Blondie guitarist Chris Stein. In 1983 Daniel Glass moved to Chrysalis as Director of New Music Marketing, advancing later to Senior Vice President. The Chrysalis Records label was sold 50% in 1990, then the half in 1991 to EMI with catalogue. Chrysalis Records folded into EMI subsidiary and flagship label EMI Records in 2005, the British Chrysalis catalogue was put up for sale by Universal Music Group after its acquisition of EMI. In July 2013, Warner Music Group completed acquisition of Parlophone Label Group, when Universal Music Group purchased EMI in 2012 ownership of Chrysalis passed to UMG. In 2013 Warner Music Group acquired part of EMI from UMG, in May 2016, Blue Raincoat Music purchased Chrysalis Records Ltd and the artist catalogue from Warner Music Group. Blue Raincoat founders Jeremy Lascelles and Robin Millar brought in Robert Devereux and this reunited founder Wright with the company he set up 47 years previously. Chris Wright is now non-executive Chairman of Chrysalis Records Ltd, since the acquisition from Warner Music Group, Chrysalis has acquired the catalogues of Suzi Quatro, Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel, Athlete and Fun Lovin Criminals. Official site for Chrysalis Records UK at Blue Raincoat Music Ben Sisario, New York Times, Media Decoder blog,7 February 2013 Discogs page on Chrysalis Records
12.
Frank Zappa
–
Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers. He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his generation, as a self-taught composer and performer, Zappas diverse musical influences led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize. While in his teens, he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical composers such as Edgard Varèse, Igor Stravinsky and he began writing classical music in high school, while at the same time playing drums in rhythm and blues bands, later switching to electric guitar. His 1966 debut album with the Mothers of Invention, Freak Out, combined songs in conventional rock and roll format with collective improvisations and studio-generated sound collages. He continued this eclectic and experimental approach, irrespective of whether the format was rock. Zappas output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed Project/Object, with musical phrases, ideas. His lyrics reflected his views of established social and political processes, structures and movements. Unlike many other musicians of his era, he personally disapproved of and seldom used drugs. During Zappas lifetime, he was a productive and prolific artist, earning widespread acclaim from critics. He had some success, particularly in Europe, and worked as an independent artist for most of his career. He remains an influence on musicians and composers. His honors include an induction into the 1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him at number 71 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Zappa was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His mother, Rosemarie was of Italian and French ancestry, his father, whose name was Anglicized to Francis Vincent Zappa, was an immigrant from Partinico, Sicily, with Greek and Arab ancestry. Frank, the eldest of four children, was raised in an Italian-American household where Italian was often spoken by his grandparents, the family moved often because his father, a chemist and mathematician, worked in the defense industry. After a time in Florida in the 1940s, the returned to Maryland. Due to their homes proximity to the arsenal, which stored mustard gas, gas masks were kept in the home in case of an accident and this had a profound effect on Zappa, and references to germs, germ warfare and the defense industry occur throughout his work. Zappa was often sick as a child, suffering from asthma, earaches, a doctor treated his sinusitis by inserting a pellet of radium into each of Zappas nostrils
13.
Ahmet Zappa
–
Ahmet Emuukha Rodan Zappa is an American musician and writer, and – as son of musician Frank Zappa – executor of the Zappa Family Trust. Ahmet Zappa was born in the Hollywood Hills area of Los Angeles and his father was of Sicilian, Greek, Arab, and French descent, and his mother was of French, Irish, and mostly Danish ancestry. He is named after music executive Ahmet Ertegün, whom his father greatly admired and his older brother and sister are Dweezil Zappa and Moon Zappa, and his younger sister is Diva Zappa. Ahmet Zappa has released albums with his brother Dweezil. He has appeared in feature films and television programs. In 2000, he appeared in the film Ready to Rumble, with his brother Dweezil, he performed a cover of Britney Spears song. Baby One More Time for the films soundtrack. Other appearances include hosting the TV shows Robotica and But Can They Sing, in July 2006, Zappa saw the release of his debut novel, entitled The Monstrous Memoirs of a Mighty McFearless, aimed at younger readers. The rights to a movie were purchased by Bruckheimer Films and Disney, the movie is in production with screenwriter Tim Firth assisting, no release date has been announced. On October 19,2006, The Jim Henson Company announced it had hired Zappa to write a treatment for a film version of the hit 1980s television show Fraggle Rock. He is also writing a sequel to The Monstrous Memoirs of a Mighty McFearless, Zappa proposed to Disneys studio head Bob Iger that the company form a graphic novel-to-film division, the result was Disneys Kingdom Comics. Zappa was also given a deal at Walt Disney Studios for motion picture productions. His company is called Monsterfoot Productions and his first film, The Odd Life of Timothy Green, was released in 2012 by Walt Disney Pictures, and starred Jennifer Garner and Joel Edgerton. The uneven divide of the trust has resulted in conflicts between Zappas children, including a feud between Dweezil and Ahmet over Dweezils use of his fathers music in live performances. Under Ahmets direction, the trust proposed a trademark on the name Zappa, since 2006, Dweezil toured with an act called Zappa Plays Zappa, playing his fathers music. The trust sought to collect a fee from Dweezil for continued use of the name, in response to the trust’s action, Dweezil renamed his performance series “50 Years of Frank, Dweezil Zappa Plays Whatever the F@%k He Wants — the Cease and Desist Tour. Zappa married actress Selma Blair on January 24,2004, at Carrie Fishers mansion in Beverly Hills, Blair filed for divorce at the Los Angeles Superior Court on June 21,2006, citing irreconcilable differences. In a statement to People, a spokesman for the said, Selma and Ahmet have decided to divorce but love each other very much. Zappa is now married to Shana Muldoon — designer, writer, and creator of Disney Star Darlings and they have a daughter, Halo Violetta Zappa, born in 2010
14.
Extreme (band)
–
Extreme is an American rock band, headed by frontmen Gary Cherone and Nuno Bettencourt, that reached the height of their popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Among some of Extremes musical influences are Van Halen, Queen, Aerosmith, the band played at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in 1992 and Cherone joined Van Halen in 1996. The band has described their music as funky metal in the early days and they have released five studio albums, two EPs and two compilation albums since their formation. The band was one of the most successful acts of the early 1990s. Extreme achieved their greatest success with their 1990 album Pornograffitti, which peaked at number 10 on the Billboard 200 and that album featured the acoustic ballad single More Than Words, which reached No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. Extreme was formed in Malden, Massachusetts, in 1985, vocalist Gary Cherone and drummer Paul Geary were in a band called The Dream. Guitarist Nuno Bettencourt was in a band called Sinful, and bassist Pat Badger was playing with a Berklee-based act called In The Pink, following an altercation between the rival groups over communal dressing rooms, the four decided to form a new band together. Cherone and Bettencourt began writing together and the band played numerous shows in the Boston area. They gradually developed a local following, and were named Outstanding Hard Rock/Heavy Metal Act at the Boston Music Awards in 1986 and 1987. The band had accumulated several original songs by the time A&R director Bryan Huttenhower signed them to A&M Records in 1988, the band then recorded their self-titled debut album which was issued in 1989. The first single was Kid Ego, a song that Cherone would later admit made him cringe, the final track on the album, Play With Me, was used as the mall chase song in the film Bill & Teds Excellent Adventure. Sales of Extremes first record were sufficient to support a second release, michael Wagener, who had previously worked with Dokken and White Lion, was hired to produce the bands Extreme II, Pornograffitti album in 1990. The record, which showcased Bettencourts guitar-playing, was a mixture of funk, pop, decadence Dance and Get the Funk Out were released as singles. Get the Funk Out reached No.19 in the UK charts in June 1991, neither single was successful in the United States, however, and the album had fallen off the charts when A&M sent the third single to a number of radio stations in Arizona. The acoustic ballad More Than Words entered the Hot 100 on March 23,1991 and it later became a huge smash, hitting No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. The subsequent single, Hole Hearted, another track, was also successful. The band began recording their album in 1992. Their appearance at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in April 1992 interrupted the recording sessions, by playing a medley at the tribute, as well as Love of My Life and More Than Words acoustically, Extreme gained a considerable amount of fans along with the Queen fan base
15.
Ozzy Osbourne
–
John Michael Ozzy Osbourne is an English singer, songwriter, and actor. He rose to prominence in the early 1970s as the lead vocalist of the metal band Black Sabbath. He was fired from Black Sabbath in 1979 and went on to have a solo career, releasing 11 studio albums. Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions, recording the album 13 in 2013 and his longevity and success have earned him the informal title of Godfather of Heavy Metal. Osbournes total album sales from his years in Black Sabbath, combined with his work, is over 100 million. As a member of Black Sabbath, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, at the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards, he received the Global Icon Award. Osbourne appeared with son Jack in the 2016 worldwide travelogue docuseries Ozzy & Jacks World Detour, Osbourne was born in the Aston area of Birmingham, England. His mother, Lillian, was Catholic but non-religious, and she worked days at a factory and his father, John Thomas Jack Osbourne, worked night shifts as a toolmaker at the General Electric Company. Osbourne has three sisters named Jean, Iris, and Gillian, and two younger brothers named Paul and Tony. The family lived in a small two-bedroom home at 14 Lodge Road in Aston, Osbourne has had the nickname Ozzy since primary school. Osbourne dealt with dyslexia at school, drawn to the stage, he took part in school plays such as Gilbert and Sullivans The Mikado and HMS Pinafore. As a Birmingham native, he has a strong Brummie accent, upon hearing their first hit single at age 14, he became a great fan of The Beatles. He credits the bands 1963 song She Loves You for inspiring him to become a musician and he said in the 2011 documentary God Bless Ozzy Osbourne that as soon as heard She Loves You on the radio, knew wanted to be a rock star for the rest of life. Osbourne left school at 15 and was employed as a construction site labourer, trainee plumber, apprentice toolmaker, car factory horn-tuner and he attempted to commit burglary, stealing a television, a handful of baby clothes, and some T-shirts. He spent six weeks in Winson Green Prison when he was unable to pay a fine after being found guilty of robbing a shop, to teach his son a lesson. In late 1967, Geezer Butler formed his first band, Rare Breed, the band played two shows, then broke up. Osbourne and Butler reunited in Polka Tulk Blues, along with guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward and they renamed themselves Earth, but after being accidentally booked for a show instead of a different band with the same name, they decided to change their name again. They finally settled on the name Black Sabbath in August 1969, the band had noticed how people enjoyed being frightened, inspired, the band decided to play a heavy blues style of music laced with gloomy sounds and lyrics
16.
Spinal Tap (band)
–
Spinal Tap is a parody band spoofing the style of British heavy metal groups. The band first appeared on a 1979 ABC TV sketch comedy pilot called The T. V. Show, starring Rob Reiner. The sketch, actually a promotional video for the song Rock and Roll Nightmare, was written by Reiner and the band. Later the band became the subject of the 1984 rockumentary/mockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap. The band members are portrayed by Michael McKean, Christopher Guest and this Is Spinal Tap was accompanied by a soundtrack album of the same name. In the years following the release, the actors have portrayed the band members at concerts. Support at Wembley Arena came from the same trios fictitious folk music band The Folksmen, although the 1984 film portrays the band hailing from the United Kingdom, all three actors who play the principal band members were actually born in the United States. Fans of Spinal Tap have assembled details about the band based on film, albums, concerts, and related promotional material, including a discography. Additionally, it is claimed that police described one of the deaths as a mystery best left unsolved, Spinal Tap reunited in 1992 for Break Like the Wind, an album produced in part by T‑Bone Burnett, an accomplished musician and record producer. The band also released the single Bitch School, on July 1,1992, Tap crossed five time zones for three performances in St. Johns, Newfoundland, Barrie, Ontario, and Vancouver, British Columbia, for MuchMusic and Molsons Great Canadian Party. For each performance of Stonehenge, the miniature monument prop was delivered on stage in a courier envelope, in 2000 the band launched a web site named Tapster where their song Back from the Dead was made available for download. Tapster was a parody of Napster, a file sharing network. In 2001, the band reunited for the nine-city Back from the Dead Tour that began on June 1,2001, the tour included a show at Carnegie Hall in New York City and ended in Montreal in mid-July at the Just for Laughs festival. The opening act for some of these shows were The Folksmen, the folk trio seen in the film A Mighty Wind, and also performed by Guest, McKean, in 2007, Tap reunited again, this time to help combat global warming. Theyre not that environmentally conscious, but theyve heard of global warming, Nigel thought it was just because he was wearing too much clothing – that if he just took his jacket off it would be cooler. This reunion also included the release of a new song called Warmer Than Hell, the band played on the London leg of the SOS/Live Earth concert series, and Rob Reiner has directed a short film which was released on the Live Earth website on April 27. The film reveals that Nigel Tufnel is now working as a farm looking after miniature horses. David St Hubbins is currently working as a producer and Derek Smalls is in rehab for being addicted to the Internet
17.
Steve Vai
–
Steven Siro Steve Vai is an American guitarist, composer, singer, songwriter, and producer. He was voted the 10th Greatest Guitarist by Guitar World magazine, a three-time Grammy Award winner and fifteen-time nominee, Vai started his music career in 1978 at the age of 18 as a transcriptionist for Frank Zappa, and joined his band from 1980 to 1983. He embarked on a career in 1983 and has released eight solo albums to date. He has recorded and toured with Alcatrazz, David Lee Roth, Whitesnake, as well as having recorded with such as Mary J. Blige, Spinal Tap. Additionally, Vai has toured with live-only acts G3, Zappa Plays Zappa, Vai has been described as a highly individualistic player and part of a generation of heavy rock and metal virtuosi who came to the fore in the 1980s. The launch of the Ibanez JEM guitar developed and co-designed by Vai was described as the moment the entire guitar landscape was reshaped. He released his first solo album Flex-Able in 1984, while his most successful release, Passion, Steve Vai, a descendant of Italian immigrants, was born in Carle Place, New York on June 6,1960. He is the son of John and Theresa Vai. He described his first experiences with music as, at the age of five I walked up to piano, hit a note, in that very moment, I had a full-on epiphany. I was flooded with the realization of how music was created. I also understood immediately, instinctually, and unequivocally something that has only deepened through the years that the creation of music is a personal expression. I realized that I could do this, I could make music and it was my first recognition of the instrument. When I saw that guitar and I saw this kid playing it, I knew instinctually that I was going to play the guitar someday, dont ask me how I knew, I just knew. It was the coolest thing I had ever seen, as a young child, Vai was influenced by the music his parents had listened to. One album in particular that he cites as his awakening was the original motion picture soundtrack to the 1961 film West Side Story. In 1973, Vai began to take lessons from fellow New York native Joe Satriani. In 1978, to pursue his interest in music composition and theory, Vai attended Berklee College of Music in Boston. While at Berklee, Vai began working for Frank Zappa as a transcriptionist, also while at Berklee, Vai met his future spouse Pia Maiocco, with whom he has been together since, they have two children
18.
Warren DeMartini
–
Warren Justin DeMartini, nicknamed Torch, is the lead guitarist for Ratt, a popular American band during the 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene. DeMartini was born on April 10,1963 in Chicago, Illinois, the family later relocated to San Diego. He spent his years in the suburb of River Forest. He became interested in music due to the influence of his older brothers Bernard and James. DeMartinis grandmother was also a musician of note, playing piano accompaniment to silent movies in Preston, deMartinis mother bought him a guitar at his request when he was around seven or eight years old. According to Warren, he struggled early on learning to play it due to the tuning pegs being cheap, as a result, he became frustrated and smashed the instrument as he had seen Pete Townshend of The Who do onstage. As a result, that was the last guitar he would receive as a gift, at age 14, he had to get himself a job in order to raise the money to purchase a new electric guitar, a Cimar Les Paul copy. The first song DeMartini learned was Sunshine of Your Love by Cream, Warren played his first concert with his band The Plague in front of a small crowd at San Diegos La Jolla High School at the age of 15. By this time he was emerging as one of the San Diego areas most talented, the first year he signed up, he won Best New Guitar Player in San Diego at Guitar Trader on Clairemont Mesa Blvd. He graduated from school in 1981. DeMartini replaced Jake E. Lee, who would be hired by Ozzy Osbourne in December 1982, DeMartini was at one point the roommate of Lee, and each greatly influenced the others styles. DeMartinis lead guitar became one of Ratts most recognizable aspects, and he would co-write several of the bands best known songs, including Round and Round, Lay It Down, Dance, and Way Cool Jr. After Ratt broke up, DeMartini had a stint with the band Dokken before briefly becoming a touring guitarist for hard rock band Whitesnake in 1994. After that, he released two projects, the EP, Surfs Up. in 1995, and his only full-length album to date. Ratt re-united in 1996 and released two albums, Collage in July 1997, and an album in July 1999, which was a critical and commercial failure. In 2003, DeMartini was hired to replace guitarist Doug Aldrich in the band Dio, Ratt reformed again in 2007 and began a tour in the summer of that year. Lee, Joe Perry, Frank Zappa, Tommy Bolin, Miles Davis, Eddie Van Halen, George Lynch, DeMartini has often been praised for his technique and ability. VH1 labeled him as one of the ten most under-rated hair metal guitarists of the 80s and his playing often incorporates 4 note per string passages, which is still fairly unorthodox and some chromatic runs give DeMartini an almost jazz fusion sound for some solos
19.
Zappa Plays Zappa
–
Dweezil Zappa Plays Frank Zappa is an American tribute act led by Dweezil Zappa, the eldest son of late American composer and musician Frank Zappa, devoted to performing the music of Frank Zappa. The band debuted in 2006 with shows in Europe, Canada, the shows presented a collection of Frank Zappas rock-oriented compositions from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Apart from Dweezil Zappa on lead guitar, many of the band members played with Frank Zappa. Among those, Napoleon Murphy Brock was a part of the band, while drummer/vocalist Terry Bozzio. At several shows the band played along with audio and video recordings of Frank Zappa himself, notably portions of Chungas Revenge, Dumb All Over, Cosmik Debris. After a break, the band played again in the U. S. during the fall of 2006 and this revived Frank Zappas tradition of playing Halloween shows in New York. A DVD documenting the 2006 tour was released in early 2008, in July and August 2007, the band played a North American tour, with a core lineup similar to that of the 2006 band. The band then played in Europe during September and October before returning to the US, special guest on the tour was vocalist and guitarist Ray White, a Zappa stalwart performer in the 1970s and early 1980s. They ended the 2007 tour in Australia in early December before doing a handful of shows in Japan in January 2008, Steve Vai returned as a guest on those shows. A brief tour of U. S. and Canadian dates was then scheduled for the Summer of 2008 with the lineup as the 2007 tour. At the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009, Zappa Plays Zappa won Best Rock Instrumental Performance for their performance of the Frank Zappa instrumental classic Peaches en Regalia, Frank Zappas bands underwent many changes of members, and Zappa Plays Zappa has done the same. Shortly thereafter, keyboardist/singer Chris Norton was added to the lineup, after the first few tours an additional event was added to the touring cycle. A music bootcamp created by Dweezil, aptly named Dweezilla, afforded the band the opportunity to students in a totally immersive environment. Dweezilla also created the opportunity for alumni to participate in a performance. In 2012, the line up changed again. Original core band bassist Pete Griffin was let go and he was quickly replaced by Zappa alumni bassist Scott Thunes, who also used to be in Dweezils band Z. He stood in while a permanent replacement was found, the next transformation of the band was complete when bassist Kurt Morgan joined. Just as Frank Zappas bands changed size year after year, Zappa Plays Zappa once again followed suit, original core band members Jamie Kime and Billy Hulting went on to other projects at that time
20.
Winger (band)
–
Winger is an American rock band that has combined elements of glam metal and progressive metal. Formed in New York City, Winger gained popularity during the late 1980s, in 1990, the band was nominated for an American Music Award for Best New Heavy Metal Band. As the music changed in the early to mid-1990s due to the popularity of grunge. The band broke up in 1994, but reunited in 2001 for several successful tours, in 2006, the bands 1993 touring line-up reunited to record the bands first studio album in over 13 years, IV, and toured in support of the album into 2008. In 2009, the released their fifth album, Karma. As of 2013, Winger still performs on mini-tours and private events, the debut album, Winger, was released on August 10,1988 on Atlantic Records. The record was a success, achieving platinum status in the United States, on February 11,1989, the album peaked at number 21 on the Billboard 200, and was in various places on the chart for 63 weeks. Radio and MTV hits from the album included Madalaine, Seventeen, Headed for a Heartbreak, in 1990, the band was nominated for an American Music Award for Best New Heavy Metal Band. Shortly after that tour, Winger released its second album In the Heart of the Young, hit radio tracks and MTV videos included Cant Get Enuff, Miles Away and Easy Come Easy Go. Winger followed the release of its album with a 13-month world tour, playing over 230 dates with Kiss, Scorpions, ZZ Top, Extreme. Paul Taylor left the band after the tour, citing exhaustion after years of touring and their third studio album, Pull, produced by Mike Shipley, was recorded in 1992/1993 as a three-piece band. It was originally to be called Blind Revolution Mad, after the opening song, reportedly Kip Winger, anticipating that critics would dismiss the album out of hand, renamed it Pull as a tongue-in-cheek reference to the CD being used by critics as a skeet shooting target. The album was not as successful as the previous album, on the following tour, John Roth was called in to replace Paul Taylor on rhythm guitar. The album coincided with the rise of grunge, which swept aside the brand of melodic pop-metal that Winger represented, the bands other members pursued or resumed careers as session musicians. In 2001, it was announced that all members of the band would return to the studio to record the song On the Inside for The Very Best of Winger. In 2002, all five members embarked on a tour of the US. According to Kip Winger, in a 2008 interview with rock, banana, it was important to include all five members because it was the big, long-awaited reunion so I wanted to include everybody who had ever been in the band. On July 16,2005, it was announced that Kip Winger would perform as the singer for the Alan Parsons Live Project at the Common Ground Music Festival in Lansing
21.
Guitarist
–
A guitarist is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica, the correctness of techniques that a guitarist acquires depends on the quality of training. Learning how to play correctly is crucial for any guitarist no matter which guitar he/she plays, the guitarist may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre, and bottleneck or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance, while music is an art form in itself, playing an instrument such as the guitar has long been a popular subject for painters. Despite perceived tendencies in mainstream music diffusion, to Rock music and electric guitar, notable guitarists arrived from other genres, Rolling Stone In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine published a list called The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. This list included 100 guitarists whom the magazine editor David Fricke considered the best, the first in this list is the American guitarist Jimi Hendrix introduced by Pete Townshend, guitarist for The Who, who was, in his turn, ranked at #50 in the list. Artists who had not been included in the previous list were added, rory Gallagher, for example, was ranked in 57th place. The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time is mentioned in many biographies about artists who appear in the list, despite the appearance in other magazines like Billboard, this publication by Guitar World was criticized for including no female musicians within its selection. However, Guitar World recently published a list of Eight Amazing Female Acoustic Players, including Kaki King, TIME and others Following the death of Les Paul, TIME website presented their list of 10 greatest artists in electric guitar. As in Rolling Stone magazines list, Jimi Hendrix was chosen as the greatest guitarist followed by Slash from Guns N Roses, B. B. King, Keith Richards, Jimmy Page, and Eric Clapton. Gigwise. com, a music magazine, also ranks Jimi Hendrix as the greatest guitarist ever, followed by Jimmy Page, B. B. King, Keith Richards. There are many classical guitarists listed as notable in their respective epochs, media related to Guitarists at Wikimedia Commons
22.
Eddie Van Halen
–
Edward Lodewijk Eddie Van Halen is a Dutch-American musician, songwriter and producer. He is best known as the lead guitarist, occasional keyboardist and he is considered one of the most influential guitarists in the history of rock music. In 2011, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Van Halen number eight in the list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists, in 2012, he was voted number one in a Guitar World magazine readers poll for The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Born in Nijmegen, Netherlands, Edward Lodewijk van Halen is the son of Dutch father, Jan van Halen, a clarinetist, saxophonist, and pianist, Van Halens middle name, Lodewijk, is after composer Ludwig van Beethoven, Lodewijk being the Dutch equivalent of Ludwig. He continued this tradition by naming his son Wolfgang Van Halen after composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in February 1962, the Van Halen family moved to the United States, settling in Pasadena, California. Both Eddie and his brother, Alex, are naturalized U. S. citizens. The Van Halen brothers learned to play the piano as children starting at the age of six and they commuted from Pasadena to San Pedro to study with an elderly man, Stasys Kalvaitis who taught them classical piano. Although they hated the commute, they continued as their mother would discipline them if they refused to go, Van Halen revealed in an interview that he never could read the music. Instead, he learned from watching and listening, during recitals of Bach or Mozart, he would simply wing it. From 1964 through 1967, Edward won first place in the piano competition held at Long Beach City College. Afterward, the judges would comment that he had an interpretation of the classical piece. I thought I was playing it correctly, however, according to one interview, playing the piano did not prove to be challenging or interesting to him. Consequently, while Alex began playing the guitar, Eddie bought a drum kit, after Eddie heard Alexs performance of The Surfaris drum solo in the song Wipe Out, he decided to switch instruments and began learning how to play the electric guitar. According to Eddie Van Halen, as a teen, he would often practice while walking around at home with his guitar strapped on or sitting in his room for hours with the door locked. Van Halen acknowledged the importance of super group Creams Im So Glad on Goodbye Cream to be mind-blowing and he once claimed that he had learned almost all of Eric Claptons solos in the band Cream. note for note. Ive always said Eric Clapton was my influence, Van Halen said. Van Halen would later say that this was when he first felt the desire to become a professional musician, in 1972, Van Halen formed another band, originally called Genesis. The name was changed to Mammoth when Van Halen became aware of the English progressive rock band of the same name, Mammoth consisted of Van Halen on guitar and lead vocals, his brother Alex on drums and bass guitarist Mark Stone
23.
Napoleon Murphy Brock
–
He contributed notable vocal performances to the Zappa songs Village of the Sun, Cheepnis, and Florentine Pogen. Brocks musical career began in the San Francisco South Bay Area in the late 1960s with a seven and he was the lead singer, song writer, and arranger of the bands strongly R&B-influenced rock performances. He also played the saxophone and flute and he played in a variety of local clubs including The Brass Rail, The Mecca, and Gary R. Schmidts, The Odyssey Room. He was discovered playing for a band in Hawaii in the early 1970s by Zappas road manager. The participation of George Duke and Jean-Luc Ponty convinced Brock to join the band as lead singer, brocks numerous performances with Zappa include the role of the Evil Prince on the Thing-Fish album. He has also performed with George Duke, Captain Beefheart and more recently with Neonfire and he remains a regular performer at Zappanale. In 2006, he toured with Frank Zappas son Dweezil on the latters Zappa Plays Zappa shows and he also regularly tours with fellow Zappa alumnus Ike Willis and others with Andre Cholmondeleys Project/Object. Other Zappa related projects in which he has been involved include the Tampa, Florida based band Bogus Pomp, and he is most frequently seen fronting The Grand Mothers Of Invention with Roy Estrada, Tom Fowler and Don Preston, performing over 91 times since 2002. His own most recent release is the 2003 album Balls, dully had fond memories of Brock, and described him having played all kinds of instruments and as cool. At the 51st Grammy Awards on February 8,2009, Napoleon won a Grammy for his performance of the song Peaches en Regalia with the band Zappa Plays Zappa, the song originally appeared on Zappas 1969 Hot Rats LP. Brock has appeared in several Zappa documentaries and movies and they include, Baby Snakes The Dub Room Special A Token of His Extreme The Amazing Mr. Nastos, Napoleon Murphy Brock, Ed Palermo, Ralphe Armstrong
24.
Terry Bozzio
–
Terry John Ted Bozzio is an American drummer best known for his work with Missing Persons and Frank Zappa. He has been featured on nine solo or collaborative albums,26 albums with Frank Zappa and he has been a prolific sideman, playing on numerous releases by other artists since the mid-1970s. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1997 and his daughter, Marina, is also a drummer and a member of the heavy metal band Aldious, and his son Raanen is also a drummer. Terry Bozzio was born on December 27,1950, in San Francisco and he started at age 6 playing makeshift drum sets. At the age of 13 he saw the Beatles premier performance on The Ed Sullivan Show, Bozzio has cited Mitch Mitchell and Ginger Baker as his main influences in the youth years. During the 1960s, he played in the garage bands Blue Grass Radio, The Yarde, in 1968 Bozzio attended Sir Francis Drake High School in San Anselmo, California, where he received a music scholarship award, and later went on to the College of Marin. During this time he studied concurrently with Chuck Brown on the set and Lloyd Davis and Roland Kohloff on a percussion. He also played Bartok-Dahl-Cowell & Baroque chamber ensembles with the Marin, in 1972 Bozzio played in the rock musicals Godspell and Walking in my Time. He became a regular in the Monday Night Jim Dukey Big Band at San Franciscos Great American Music Hall. He is noted for performing Zappas The Black Page, a piece of music designed to be a musicians nightmare, in 1977 he joined The Brecker Brothers with longtime San Francisco friend and guitarist Barry Finnerty. With The Brecker Brothers, Bozzio toured and recorded the live album Heavy Metal Be-Bop, shortly after, he was dismissed by Zappa as he joined Group 87 with Mark Isham, Peter Maunu, Patrick OHearn and Peter Wolf. The group auditioned for and was signed to a deal with CBS, Bozzio declined membership in the group. After Bill Bruford & Allan Holdsworths departures from the band UK in late 1978, Bozzio joined Eddie Jobson, the trio recorded Danger Money and a live album Night After Night and toured the U. S. and Canada twice, and in Europe and Japan. After UK disbanded in early 1980, Bozzio, ex-Zappa guitarist Warren Cuccurullo and then-wife, Missing Persons released the albums Spring Session M, Rhyme & Reason, and Color in Your Life. Missing Persons also toured the U. S. & Europe and often appeared on TV, after the Missing Persons breakup in 1986, Bozzio joined ex-Duran Duran guitarist Andy Taylors solo band. He also played on sessions with Robbie Robertson, Gary Wright, Don Dokken, XYZ, Paul Hyde, Herbie Hancock, Dweezil Zappa, during this time he began touring as a clinician/solo drummer and recorded Solo Drums, which was his first instructional video for Warner Brothers. Promoted on The Arsenio Hall Show, which was Jeff Becks first-ever live appearance on American TV. He also joined Tony Hymas, Tony Coe, and Hugh Burns to form the band Lonely Bears and record The Lonely Bears, Injustice and he also formed the band Polytown with David Torn and Mick Karn
25.
Hospital
–
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals, a teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. The medical facility smaller than a hospital is called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments and specialist units such as cardiology, some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organisations, by health insurance companies, or by charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were founded and funded by religious orders, or by charitable individuals. During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions, Middle Ages hospitals were almshouses for the poor, hostels for pilgrims, or hospital schools. The word hospital comes from the Latin hospes, signifying a stranger or foreigner, another noun derived from this, hospitium came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By metonymy the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guests lodging, hospes is thus the root for the English words host hospitality, hospice, hostel and hotel. The German word Spital shares similar roots, the grammar of the word differs slightly depending on the dialect. Some patients go to a hospital just for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy and then leave without staying overnight, while others are admitted and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months. Hospitals usually are distinguished from other types of facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities, some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. In California, district hospital refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after World War II to address a shortage of beds in many local communities. Twenty-eight of Californias rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are District hospitals, Californias District hospitals are formed by local municipalities, have Boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs
26.
MTV
–
MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
27.
The Howard Stern Show
–
The Howard Stern Show is an American talk radio show hosted by Howard Stern. It gained wide recognition when it was syndicated on terrestrial radio from 1986 to 2005. The show has been exclusive to Sirius XM Radio, a satellite radio service, since 2006. Other prominent staff members include co-host and news anchor Robin Quivers, writer Fred Norris, the show developed in 1979 when Stern landed his first morning shift at WCCC in Hartford, Connecticut, four years into his professional radio career. He continued to break out as a morning personality at WWWW in Detroit, Michigan in 1980, in 1982, Sterns success in Washington led to a spot at WNBC in New York City, where he hosted the citys top afternoon show until his firing in 1985. In the New York area, the show was the morning program consecutively between 1994 and 2001. A total of $2.5 million in fines were issued to station licensees that carried the show by the Federal Communications Commission, following Sterns contract with Sirius in 2004, the show left terrestrial radio in December 2005. Since 1994, the show has been taped and broadcast on networks, including E. CBS, and HowardTV. An upcoming audio and video streaming app is currently in development, Stern landed his first professional radio job while at Boston University, performing on-air skits, news casting and production duties at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts from August to December 1975. After his graduation, Stern landed some cover shifts in December 1976 at WRNW and he produced more creative commercials by calling the owners of businesses on the air, which he wrote was mind-blowing to everyone there. In 1979, Stern responded to an advertisement for a wild, fun morning guy at WCCC, rock station in Hartford and he produced a more outrageous audition tape, playing Robert Klein and Cheech and Chong records mixed with flatulence routines and one-liners. He was hired for the job, his first in a radio market. As the stations public affairs director, Stern also hosted an interview show on Sunday mornings. He would ask more unusual type questions to his guests, such as their dating habits, Stern held a two-day boycott of Shell Oil Company during the summer of the 1979 energy crisis, which made Stern and the station make national news. Stern also began his Dial-a-Date routines at WCCC, and met Fred Norris, Norris would join the show as Sterns writer and producer in 1981. After Stern left WCCC for being denied a raise in salary, he began a new morning shift at WWWW, a struggling rock outlet in Detroit, Michigan on April 21,1980. He learned to become more open on the air and decided to cut down the barriers. strip down all the ego. and be totally honest. I still sounded like an FM announcer. Stern held an event and wrestled women outside the studios, and invited listeners to confess the most outrageous places where they had sex
28.
The Fat Boys
–
The Fat Boys are an American hip hop trio from Brooklyn, New York City, that emerged in the early 1980s. The group was known originally as the Disco 3. Prince Markie Dee Damon Wimbley a. k. a, the Human Beat Box Manager Charlie Stettler was a Swiss national who had embraced hip-hop culture. In 1983, putting the two together he contacted the nascent Swatch company and offered the talents of his group, Stettler, knowing the video channel was playing no hip-hop, readily agreed. Even with no fee he sensed the exposure would catapult his trio into youths mainstream, the company returned to The Fat Boys for a 1985 Christmas commercial, created by former MTV creative heads Alan Goodman and Fred Seibert. Big Buff Love, the Human Beatbox, was a pioneer in beatboxing and he and another contemporary, Doug E. Fresh, popularized beatboxing, inspiring other artists to innovate, including Biz Markie. For its 1987 album, Crushin, the Fat Boys made a version of The Surfaris hit Wipe Out with The Beach Boys singing back-up vocals. The single made it to #12 on the Billboard chart, the Fat Boys also recorded a version of The Twist with Chubby Checker, who performed it originally in 1960. Capitalizing on their personalities, the trio starred in the 1985 Run-D. M. C. The group was approached to record the theme song for A Nightmare on Elm Street 4, The Dream Master, called Are You Ready for Freddy. Attempting to capitalize on the name of the Fat Boys, another hip hop group dubbed itself the Skinny Boys. The popularity of groups was mild in comparison, however. The groups popularity declined by the 1990s, for example, in the 1992 feature film Boomerang, Chris Rocks character laments the breakup of the Fat Boys. He was later quoted by Jay-Z in his 2001 song the Heart of the City, prince Markie Dee left the group to pursue solo interests, which included producing many early tracks for Mariah Carey and Mary J. Blige which included her debut single, Real Love. In 1991, the two members, Kool Rock Ski and Buff Love, carried on as a duo and released Mack Daddy, but shortly thereafter. On December 10,1995, Buff Love died of an attack in Rosedale, Queens. He was 28 years old and reportedly weighed 450 pounds, prince Markie Dee is a current radio host for WEDR99 Jamz in Miami, Florida working weekends. Kool Rock-ski resides in New York, the surviving members of the Fat Boys launched its first official homepage, OriginalFatBoys. com, on November 5,2008
29.
Don Johnson
–
Donnie Wayne Don Johnson is an American actor, producer, director, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for his role as James Sonny Crockett in the 1980s television series Miami Vice, Johnson was born December 15,1949, in Flat Creek, Missouri. His mother, Nell, was a beautician, and his father, at the time of his birth, they were 19 and 17, respectively. At age 6, he moved from Missouri to Wichita, Kansas, a 1967 graduate of South High School, he was involved in the high schools theatre program. As a senior, he played the role of Tony in West Side Story. His biography noted that he had appeared in Burnt Cork and Melody. He also attended the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, Johnson has spoken about his draft-exempt status and his dislike for war. Johnson studied drama at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco and his first major role was in the 1969 Los Angeles stage production of Fortune and Mens Eyes, in which he played Smitty, the lead role. This exposure led to the quickly forgotten film The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart and he continued to work on stage, film and television without breaking out into stardom. His notable films from this period were Zachariah, The Harrad Experiment, Lollipop and Roses, in 1976, Johnson was roommates with actor Sal Mineo when Mineo was murdered outside their West Hollywood, California apartment. Miami Vice was noted for its use of music cinematography and imagery. In the show, his partner was Ricardo Tubbs, played by Philip Michael Thomas, between seasons, Johnson gained further renown through several TV miniseries, such as the 1985 TV remake of The Long, Hot Summer. Johnson later starred in the 1996–2001 drama Nash Bridges with Cheech Marin, Jeff Perry, Jaime P. Gomez, Johnson played the title role of Nash Bridges, an inspector for the San Francisco Police Department. In Nash Bridges Johnson was again paired with a convertible car. In January 2007, Johnson began a run in the West End of London production of Guys, Johnson also has a role in the Norwegian comedy Lange Flate Ballær 2, directed by Johnsons friend Harald Zwart. Johnson did the movie as a favour to Zwart, the movie was launched March 14,2008 in Norway, with Johnson making an appearance at the premiere. He next appeared in When in Rome with Danny DeVito, Anjelica Huston, Johnson and Jon Heder co-hosted WWEs Raw on January 18,2010. Johnson had a role in Robert Rodriguezs film Machete
30.
Reb Beach
–
Richard Earl Reb Beach, Jr. is an American rock guitarist. He is a member of the bands Winger and Whitesnake, Beach is best known for his work in the band Winger and for being a member of Whitesnake since 2002. While working with Fiona, he was introduced to Kip Winger who was touring with Alice Cooper at the time, eventually they formed the band Sahara along with Rod Morgenstein and Paul Taylor, which was later renamed to Winger. Winger recorded and toured in support of three albums, Winger, In the Heart of the Young and Pull, the band also released a number of hit singles, including Seventeen, Madalaine, Headed for a Heartbreak and Miles Away. After Winger disbanded in the mid 1990s, Beach first joined Alice Coopers band, with Dokken he recorded one studio album titled Erase The Slate and a live DVD titled Live From The Sun. He was also involved with Sega, as he recorded the soundtrack for the video game Daytona USA2, since leaving Dokken, Beach has been a part of several different recording and touring projects. In addition to touring with Winger, he released a solo effort entitled Masquerade in 2002. Since 2002, he has been a member of David Coverdales current incarnation of Whitesnake and has been the longest-serving guitarist/member of the band to this day, excluding Coverdale. A supergroup project called The Mob with Kings X frontman Doug Pinnick and Night Ranger drummer Kelly Keagy, resulted in a single self-titled album, a reformed Winger released their first studio recording in over a decade, IV in 2006. He replaced Jeff Watson in Night Ranger for a series of dates in Japan and the US and he currently splits his time between Winger and Whitesnake, recording Better Days Comin in 2014 with the former band, and The Purple Album with the latter in 2015. He continues to tour both acts. According to band mate Kip Winger, Reb is quite adept at coming up with rock riffs at a time. Ibanez guitars produced his signature RBM models in the early 1990s, on the 2005 Whitesnake reunion tour, he primarily used custom models by luthier Suhr Guitars. Winger – The Making of Pull Dokken – Live from the Sun Reb Beach – Homegrown Private Lesson Volume 1 Whitesnake – Live
31.
Jimi Hendrix
–
James Marshall Jimi Hendrix was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music, born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the U. S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Hey Joe, Purple Haze, and The Wind Cries Mary. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and electric blues and he favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in utilizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He helped to popularize the use of a pedal in mainstream rock. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone commented, Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as a sound source. Hendrix was the recipient of several awards during his lifetime. In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, disc and Music Echo honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970, Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, Jimi Hendrix was of African American descent. Both his mother Lucille and father Al were African Americans and his paternal grandmother, Zenora Nora Rose Moore, was African American and one-quarter Cherokee. On June 10,1919, Hendrix and Moore had a son they named James Allen Ross Hendrix, in 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter at a dance in Seattle, they married on March 31,1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U. S. Army to serve in World War II, Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27,1942, in Seattle, he was the first of Lucilles five children. In 1946, Johnnys parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and he spent two months locked up without trial, and while in the stockade received a telegram announcing his sons birth. During Als three-year absence, Lucille struggled to raise their son, when Al was away, Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and friends, especially Lucilles sister Delores Hall and her friend Dorothy Harding. Al received a discharge from the U. S. Army on September 1,1945. After returning from service, Al reunited with Lucille, but his inability to find steady work left the family impoverished and they both struggled with alcohol, and often fought when intoxicated. The violence sometimes drove Hendrix to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home and his relationship with his brother Leon was close but precarious, with Leon in and out of foster care, they lived with an almost constant threat of fraternal separation. In addition to Leon, Hendrix had three siblings, Joseph, born in 1949, Kathy in 1950, and Pamela,1951, all of whom Al and Lucille gave up to foster care
32.
Purple Haze
–
Purple Haze is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second record single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17,1967. As a record chart hit in countries and the opening number on the Experiences debut American album. The song features his guitar playing, which uses the signature Hendrix chord. Because of ambiguities in the lyrics, listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience, Purple Haze is one of Hendrixs best-known songs and appears on many Hendrix compilation albums. The song featured regularly in concerts and each of Hendrixs group configurations issued live recordings and it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and is included on lists of the greatest guitar songs, including at number two by Rolling Stone and number one by Q magazine. By January 5,1967, the Jimi Hendrix Experiences first single, Hey Joe, backed with Stone Free, Hey Joe was not a Hendrix composition – it was written by Billy Roberts and recorded by several groups prior to the Experience. Hendrix commented, That record isnt us, the next ones gonna be different. Were working on an LP which will mainly be our stuff, the group recorded several demos of original material at studios in London, including Can You See Me, Foxy Lady, Third Stone from the Sun, Red House, and Remember. In the middle of December, producer Chas Chandler heard Hendrix toying around with a new guitar riff, I heard him playing it at the flat and was knocked out. I told him to working on that, saying, Thats the next single. Chandler claimed that some more urging, Hendrix wrote the rest of Purple Haze in the dressing room of a London club during the afternoon of December 26,1966. In several interviews, Hendrix spoke about writing the song, the Experience began recording Purple Haze on January 11,1967, at De Lane Lea Studios in London. According to drummer Mitch Mitchell, he and bassist Noel Redding learned the song in the studio, Hendrix came in and kind of hummed us the riff and showed Noel the chords, I listened to it and we went, OK, lets do it. We got it on the take as I recall. The basic track was recorded in four hours, according to Chandler, multitrack recording technology allowed engineers to record and complete additional parts on the final master. It wasnt like we were there for days on end and we recorded it, and then Hendrix and I would be sitting at home saying, Lets try that. Then we would go in for an hour or two, Thats how it was in those days. However long it took to one specific idea, thats how long we would book
33.
Future
–
The future is what will happen in the time after the present. Its arrival is considered due to the existence of time. The future and the concept of eternity have been subjects of philosophy, religion, and science. In the Occidental view, which uses a linear conception of time, in special relativity, the future is considered absolute future, or the future light cone. In the philosophy of time, presentism is the belief that only the present exists and the future and the past are unreal. Religions consider the future when they address such as karma, life after death, and eschatologies that study what the end of time. Religious figures such as prophets and diviners have claimed to see into the future, organized efforts to predict or forecast the future may have derived from observations by early man of heavenly objects. Future studies, or futurology, is the science, art, the concept of the future has been explored extensively in cultural production, including art movements and genres devoted entirely to its elucidation, such as the 20th century movement futurism. Forecasting is the process of estimating outcomes in uncontrolled situations, forecasting is applied in many areas, such as weather forecasting, earthquake prediction, transport planning, and labour market planning. Due to the element of the unknown, risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting, statistically based forecasting employs time series with cross-sectional or longitudinal data. Econometric forecasting methods use the assumption that it is possible to identify the factors that might influence the variable that is being forecast. If the causes are understood, projections of the variables can be made. Judgmental forecasting methods incorporate intuitive judgments, opinions and probability estimates, as in the case of the Delphi method, scenario building, prediction is similar to forecasting but is used more generally, for instance to also include baseless claims on the future. Organized efforts to predict the future began with practices like astrology, haruspicy and these are all considered to be pseudoscience today, evolving from the human desire to know the future in advance. Future studies or futurology is the science, art and practice of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures, futures studies seeks to understand what is likely to continue, what is likely to change, and what is novel. Part of the discipline thus seeks a systematic and pattern-based understanding of past and present, a key part of this process is understanding the potential future impact of decisions made by individuals, organisations and governments. Leaders use results of work to assist in decision-making. Futures is a field, studying yesterdays and todays changes
34.
Arnold Schwarzenegger
–
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician and former professional bodybuilder. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011, Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as bodybuildings biggest icon, Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, in 1984, Schwarzenegger appeared in James Camerons science-fiction thriller film The Terminator, which was a massive critical and box-office success. Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the later installments in 1991,2003. He appeared in a number of films, such as Commando, The Running Man, Predator, Twins, Total Recall, Kindergarten Cop. In 2015, it was announced Schwarzenegger would replace Donald Trump as the host of The Celebrity Apprentice and he was nicknamed the Austrian Oak in his bodybuilding days, Arnie during his acting career, and The Governator during his political career. As a Republican, he was first elected on October 7,2003, Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, to serve the remainder of Daviss term. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his term on January 5,2007. In 2011, Schwarzenegger completed his term as governor. Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, Styria, and christened Arnold Alois and his parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger and Aurelia Schwarzenegger. He married Aurelia on October 20,1945, he was 38, according to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict, Back then in Austria it was a very different world. If we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared, Schwarzenegger grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday. Gustav had a preference for his son, Meinhard, over Arnold. His favoritism was strong and blatant, which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child, Schwarzenegger has said his father had no patience for listening or understanding your problems. He had a relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. Gustavs background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign, at school, Schwarzenegger was reportedly academically average, but stood out for his cheerful, good-humored, and exuberant character
35.
The Running Man (1987 film)
–
It is very loosely based on the 1982 novel The Running Man, written by Stephen King and published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman. Original director Andrew Davis was fired one week into filming and replaced by Glaser, schwarzenegger has stated this was a terrible decision as Glaser shot the movie like it was a television show, losing all the deeper themes. Schwarzenegger believes this hurt the movie, paula Abdul is credited with the choreography of the Running Man dance troupe. In 2017, after an economic collapse, the U. S. has become a totalitarian police state. Instead of joining the resistance, Richards seeks shelter at his brothers apartment and he finds it is now occupied by Amber Mendez, a composer for ICS, the network that broadcasts The Running Man. Richards asks Mendez about the whereabouts of his brother, and she says that he was taken for re-education, taking Amber hostage, Richards attempts to flee to Hawaii, but she alerts airport security and Richards is captured and taken to ICS. There, Killian coreces him into participating in The Running Man in exchange for Laughlin and Weiss not participating, but learns that Killian had enrolled them as runners anyway. As the game begins, Richards and his friends are attacked by the first stalker, Subzero, then Laughlin and Weiss search for the networks uplink facilities, which they realize are in the game zone. Amber sees a news report on Richards capture and, suspicious of the medias veracity. She learns the truth about the massacre, but is captured by her own ICS colleagues, the runners split up, each pair pursued by a different stalker. Buzzsaw critically wounds Laughlin, but is killed by Richards, Weiss and Amber locate the uplink and learn the access codes, but Dynamo finds them and electrocutes Weiss. Ambers screams lead Richards to her, and, as the two evade Dynamo, the buggy flips, trapping him inside. Refusing to kill an opponent, Richards leaves Dynamo alive. He and Amber then return to Laughlin, who, before dying, back at ICS, Killian sees Richards popularity growing, with viewers betting on him instead of the stalkers. Off-camera, Killian tries to offer Richards a job as a stalker, but, Fireball goes after Amber, but Richards rescues her and kills him using his own weaponry. Frustrated and running out of options, Killian seeks Captain Freedom, however, when Freedom refuses, the network creates digital body doubles of Freedom, Richards and Amber, which are then used to fake Richards´ and Amber´s deaths on screen. In the game zone, Richards and Amber are found by Mic and taken to the resistances hideout, using the access codes, the rebels get into ICS control room, broadcasting footage that exonerates Richards and reveals the truth about the games previous winners. As Richards heads to the studio floor, shocking the audience who had watched him supposedly die, Amber fights and kills Dynamo
36.
John Hughes (filmmaker)
–
John Wilden Hughes, Jr. was an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Hughes was born in Lansing, Michigan, to a mother who volunteered in charity work and John Hughes and he spent the first twelve years of his life in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Hughes described himself as kind of quiet as a kid, I grew up in a neighborhood that was mostly girls and old people. There werent any boys my age, so I spent a lot of time by myself, and every time we would get established somewhere, we would move. Life just started to get good in seventh grade, and then we moved to Chicago, I ended up in a really big high school, and I didnt know anybody. But then The Beatles came along changed my whole life, and then Bob Dylans Bringing It All Back Home came out and really changed me. Thursday I was one person, and Friday I was another and my heroes were Dylan, John Lennon and Picasso, because they each moved their particular medium forward, and when they got to the point where they were comfortable, they always moved on. In 1963, Hughess family moved to Northbrook, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago and this is where Hughess father found work selling roofing materials. There Hughes attended Glenbrook North High School, which gave him inspiration for the films made his reputation in later years. After dropping out of the University of Arizona, Hughes began selling jokes to well-established performers such as Rodney Dangerfield and Joan Rivers. Hughes used his jokes to get a job at Needham, Harper & Steers as an advertising copywriter in Chicago in 1970. During this time, he created became the famous Edge Credit Card Shaving Test ad campaign. Hughes work on the Virginia Slims account frequently took him to the Philip Morris headquarters in New York City and this gave him the opportunity to hang around the offices of the National Lampoon magazine. Hughes subsequently penned a story, inspired by his trips as a child. That piece, Vacation 58, later became the basis for the film National Lampoons Vacation and his first credited screenplay, Class Reunion, was written while still on staff at the magazine. The resulting film became the second attempt by the flagship to duplicate the runaway success of Animal House. It was Hughess next screenplay for the imprint, National Lampoons Vacation and that films success, along with the success of another of Hughes scripts, Mr. Mom, earned Hughes a three-movie deal with Universal Studios. It was the first in a string of efforts set in or around high school, including The Breakfast Club, Pretty in Pink, Weird Science, Ferris Buellers Day Off and Some Kind of Wonderful
37.
Brat Pack (actors)
–
The Brat Pack is a nickname given to a group of young actors who frequently appeared together in teen-oriented coming-of-age films in the 1980s. The core members are considered to be Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Rob Lowe, Andrew McCarthy, Demi Moore, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, david Blum wrote the article after witnessing several young actors being mobbed by groupies at Los Angeles Hard Rock Cafe. The group has been characterized by the partying of members such as Robert Downey Jr. Estevez, Lowe, Estevez was cited as the unofficial president of the Brat Pack. He and Demi Moore were once engaged, McCarthy says he was never a member of the group, The media made up this sort of tribe. I dont think Ive seen any of these people since we finished St. Elmos Fire, the initial New York article covered a group of actors larger, or more inclusive, than the currently understood meaning of the term Brat Pack. Charlie Sheen appears in several lists – more for his relationship to Brat Pack leader Emilio Estevez. James Spader and Robert Downey, Jr, other actors who have been linked with the group include Kevin Bacon, Matthew Broderick, Jon Cryer, John Cusack, Jami Gertz, Mary Stuart Masterson, Sean Penn, Kiefer Sutherland, and Lea Thompson. In her autobiography, Melissa Gilbert connects herself with the Brat Pack, as her life centered on Estevez. Through frequent collaborative work, the actor Harry Dean Stanton, then in his late 50s, david Blums New York story, titled Hollywoods Brat Pack, ran on June 10,1985. It was originally supposed to be just about Emilio Estevez, but one night, Estevez invited Blum to hang out with him, Rob Lowe, Judd Nelson and it was a typical night out for the group, who had gotten close while filming St. Elmos Fire. That night, Blum decided to change the focus to an entire group of young actors at the time. The St. Elmos Fire crew members did not like Blum, when the piece ran, the actors all felt betrayed, especially Estevez. The article mentioned people in films but focused on Estevez, Lowe, and Nelson. The Brat Pack label, which the actors disliked, stuck for years afterward, before the article ran, they had been regarded as talented individuals, after the article, all of them were grouped together and regarded as unprofessional. Interviewed for Susannah Goras 2010 book You Couldnt Ignore Me If You Tried, The Brat Pack, John Hughes, And Their Impact on a Generation, with the increased negative attention to them, the actors soon stopped socializing with one another. On the groups camaraderie, Ally Sheedy later said, just destroyed it, I had felt truly a part of something, and that guy just blew it to pieces. During the late 1980s, several of the Brat Pack actors had their careers mildly derailed by problems relating to drugs, alcohol, and in Lowes case, according to Gora, Many believe they could have gone on to more serious roles if not for that article. But they had difficulties, personal difficulties after that
38.
Pretty in Pink
–
Pretty in Pink is a 1986 American romantic comedy film about love and social cliques in American high schools in the 1980s. It is commonly identified as a Brat Pack film, the film was directed by Howard Deutch, produced by Lauren Shuler Donner, and written by John Hughes, who also served as co-executive producer. It has become a cult favorite, the film was named after the song by The Psychedelic Furs. The films soundtrack has been rated as one of the best in modern cinema and it features a rerecorded sax-heavy version of the title song by The Psychedelic Furs. Additionally, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Darks If You Leave, which plays prominently during the scene, became an international hit. High school senior Andie Walsh lives on modestly with her working class father. Andies best friend, Phil Duckie Dale, is in love with her, while working after school at TRAX, a new wave record store, Andie starts talking about her schools senior prom to her manager Iona, who advises Andie to go despite not having a date. Blane McDonough, one of the boys and Steffs best friend, starts talking to Andie at school and at TRAX. Steff tells Blane to stop talking to her, on the night of the date, Andie waits for Blane at TRAX, but he is late. Duckie comes in and asks Andie to go out with him, Iona gives her a pep talk, while Duckie, still oblivious, asks whats wrong. When Blane arrives, Duckie is upset and starts an argument with Andie, Duckie storms off and Andie goes on with her date. Blane suggests going to a house party Steff is throwing, but Andie is treated poorly by everyone, including a drunk Steff, Andie, in turn, suggests going to the local club, where they discover Iona sitting with Duckie, who is hostile toward Blane. After another argument with Duckie, Andie and Blane walk out of the club and she eventually allows him to drop her off and he asks her to the prom, which she accepts and they share their first kiss. Andie visits Iona at her apartment the day to talk about Andies date. Meanwhile, Blane, pressured by Steff, begins distancing himself from Andie, Jack comes home one night and surprises Andie with a pink dress he bought for her at a thrift shop. Questioning how he was able to afford it, Andie tells him that she knows he has been lying about going to a full-time job, the two fight until Jack breaks down, revealing that he is still bitter and depressed about his wife having left him. At school, Andie confronts Blane for avoiding her and not returning her calls, when asked about prom, he claims that he had already asked somebody else but had forgotten. Andie starts calling Blane a liar and accuses him of being ashamed of being seen with her because his friends dont approve, Andie runs away as a teary-eyed Blane leaves, with Steff criticizing Andie again
39.
Molly Ringwald
–
Molly Kathleen Ringwald is an American actress, singer, dancer, and author. Her first major role was in The Facts of Life before making her motion picture debut in the independent film Tempest, after subsequently appearing in the successful John Hughes films Sixteen Candles, The Breakfast Club, and Pretty in Pink, Ringwald became a teen icon. She later starred in The Pick-up Artist, and For Keeps and she starred in many films in the 1990s, most notably Something to Live for, The Alison Gertz Story and The Stand. Ringwald is part of the Brat Pack and she was ranked number 1 on VH1s 100 Greatest Teen Stars. Ringwald was born in Roseville, California, just outside Sacramento, the daughter of Adele Edith, a housewife and chef, and Robert Scott Bob Ringwald, Ringwald has two siblings, Beth and Kelly, and an older brother who died before she was born. She started her career at age five, appearing in a stage production of Alice Through the Looking Glass as the Dormouse. The next year, she recorded I Wanna Be Loved by You, an album of Dixieland jazz with her father and his group. In 1978, at the age of 10, Ringwald was chosen to play Kate in the West Coast production of Annie, performing in Los Angeles. In 1979, Ringwald appeared on the TV series Diffrent Strokes and was selected to become part of a large cast of that shows spin-off The Facts of Life. She played Molly Parker, a perky, feminist student at Eastland Girls School, at the beginning of the second season, the show underwent a major revamp and most of the cast, including Ringwald, were cut from the show. Ringwald later said that Nancy McKeon replaced her to play a new character named Jo, in 1980, Ringwald performed as a lead vocalist on two Disney albums. On the patriotic album Yankee Doodle Mickey, Ringwald sang This Is My Country, The Star-Spangled Banner and she later performed one track on a Disney Christmas album. Turning toward motion pictures, she was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her role in the 1982 film Tempest, Ringwald rose to prominence with her breakout role in Sixteen Candles. She was cast as Samantha Baker, a girl whose birthday is forgotten. Ringwalds performance gained critical acclaim, many called her acting engaging, Ringwald would later say, It is not a good idea to do remakes of great classic films when asked if there would be a remake to Sixteen Candles. Ringwald was regarded as a member of the so-called Brat Pack of 1980s teen actors but has said she was not really part of that group, Ringwald gained more success when she was cast in another John Hughes film called The Breakfast Club which was a commercial and critical success. Ringwald was cast as Claire Standish, a rich, so-called sophisticate who is in detention for skipping class. The following year, she was cast as Andie Walsh in another successful Hughes film called Pretty In Pink, Ringwalds role as Andie went on to become one of her most recognizable performances
40.
Brian May
–
Brian Harold May, CBE is an English musician, singer, songwriter and astrophysicist, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Queen. He uses an electric guitar, called the Red Special. His compositions for the band include We Will Rock You, Tie Your Mother Down, I Want It All, Fat Bottomed Girls, Flash, Hammer to Fall, Save Me, Who Wants to Live Forever and The Show Must Go On. May was a co-founder of Queen with lead singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, having performed with Taylor in the band Smile. As a member of Queen, May became regarded as a virtuoso musician, following the death of Mercury in 1991, Queen were put on hiatus for several years but were eventually reconvened by May and Taylor for further performances featuring other vocalists. In 2005, a Planet Rock poll saw May voted the 7th greatest guitarist of all time and he was ranked at No.26 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2012, May was ranked the 2nd greatest guitarist of all time by a Guitar World magazine readers poll and he was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 2005 for services to the music industry and for charity work. May attained a PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College London in 2007 and was Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University from 2008 to 2013 and he was a science team collaborator with NASAs New Horizons Pluto mission. He is also a co-founder of the campaign, Asteroid Day. Asteroid 52665 Brianmay was named after him, may is also an animal rights activist, campaigning against the hunting of foxes and the culling of badgers in the UK. Brian Harold May, the child of Harold and Ruth May, was born in Hampton, London on 19 July 1947. He is of English and Scottish descent, with his mother being Scots, during this time, he formed his first band, named 1984 after George Orwells novel of the same name, with vocalist and bassist Tim Staffell. At Hampton Grammar School, he attained ten GCE Ordinary Levels and he studied Mathematics and Physics at Imperial College London, graduating with a BSc. in Physics with honours. In 2007, May obtained his PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College London, may formed the band Smile in 1968. The group included Tim Staffell as the singer and bassist, and later, drummer Roger Taylor. The band lasted for two years, from 1968 to 1970, as Staffell departed in 1970, leaving the band with a catalogue of nine songs. Smile would reunite for several songs on 22 December 1992, Taylors band The Cross were headliners, and he brought May and Staffell on to play Earth and If I Were a Carpenter. May also performed other songs that night
41.
Eric Johnson
–
Eric Johnson is a guitarist from Austin, Texas. His album Ah Via Musicom was certified platinum by the RIAA, Best known for his electric guitar skills, Johnson is also a highly proficient acoustic, lap steel, resonator, and bass guitarist, as well as an accomplished pianist and vocalist. He plays in genres, including rock, blues, jazz fusion, soul, folk, new-age, classical. Guitar Player magazine has called him one of the most respected guitarists on the planet, born into a musically inclined family, Eric and his three sisters studied piano and his father was a whistling enthusiast. At the age of 15, he joined his first professional band—Mariani, in 1968, Johnson and the group recorded a demo, which saw an extremely limited release, years later the recording became a prized collectors item. After graduating from school, Johnson briefly attended the University of Texas at Austin. He eventually returned to Austin, and in 1974 joined a fusion group called Electromagnets. The group toured and recorded regionally, but did not attract attention from record labels. However, the strength of Johnsons playing attracted a cult following to the groups early recordings. Following the Electromagnets demise, Johnson formed a trio, the Eric Johnson Group, with drummer Bill Maddox. They played to audiences around Austin, from 1976–1978 Johnson recorded Seven Worlds, his debut album, at Odyssey Studios in Austin. Contract disputes followed and Seven Worlds wasnt released until 1998 on Ark21 Records, unable to secure a new management contract, Johnson began working as a session guitarist for some well-known acts, including Cat Stevens, Carole King, and Christopher Cross. While a session musician, Johnson continued to perform locally in Austin and his career rebounded in 1984 when he was signed to Warner Bros. There is some disagreement about how Johnson caught Warner Brothers attention, others suggest that it was Christopher Cross and producer David Tickle who recommended Johnson to the label. In May 1986, Guitar Player magazine ran a story about Johnson. The article helped promote the release of Tones and brought Johnson critical praise as well as elevating his profile in the guitar and music community. The albums track Zap was nominated for the 1987 Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance and he signed on with indie label Cinema Records, distributed by Capitol Records. By the time Johnson released his 1990 Capitol Records debut album, Ah Via Musicom, during this period, Johnson also drew recognition for the rich, violin-like tone he coaxed from his vintage Fender Stratocaster
42.
Angus Young
–
Angus McKinnon Young is an Australian guitarist, best known as the co-founder, lead guitarist, songwriter and sole constant member of the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. He is known for his performances, schoolboy-uniform stage outfits. Young was ranked 24th in Rolling Stone magazines 100 greatest guitarists of all-time list, in 2003, Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The youngest of eight children of William and Alexandra Young, Angus was born in Glasgow, in 1963 he emigrated from Scotland to Sydney, with his parents, older brothers Malcolm and George, and older sister Margaret. He dropped out of Ashfield Boys High School at age 15 and his older brother, Alex, remained in Scotland and later formed the London-based group Grapefruit. His oldest brother Stephen was the father of his future AC/DC bandmate Stevie Young, Young first started playing on a banjo, re-strung with six strings. He first started playing guitar on an acoustic model purchased second-hand by his mother. I bought it second-hand, it was about a 67 and it had a real thin neck, really slim, like a Custom neck. Prior to forming AC/DC, Young played in a group called Kantuckee. Kantuckees line-up included Bob McGlynn, Angus Young, Jon Stevens, the band split and was later called Tantrum with the following line up, Mark Sneddon, Angus Young, Jon Stevens and Trevor James. Can I Sit Next To You Girl, their first single, was later re-recorded with Bon Scott as their vocalist and they decided upon the name AC/DC after seeing the letters AC/DC on the back of their sister Margarets sewing machine. To match this image the press and public were told that Young was born in 1959, the original uniform was created by his sister Margaret and when it fell apart from wear and tear, he used his uniform from Ashfield Boys High School in Sydney. I dont like to play above or below peoples heads, basically, I just like to get up in front of a crowd and rip it up. AC/DC released their album, High Voltage on 17 February 1975. Over the next 3 years AC/DC cemented themselves as a hard rock act, especially in Australia, with the follow-up albums. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, Let There Be Rock and Powerage and their 1979 studio album, Highway to Hell, became their best-selling at the time and launched them to new heights of fame. Shortly after this, however, lead singer Bon Scott died from alcohol poisoning, AC/DCs next album, For Those About to Rock We Salute You, cemented their position as the most popular hard rock act of the time. However, their 1990 studio album, The Razors Edge, brought back into the spotlight, reaching 5x multi-platinum in the US alone
