The EWR VJ 101 was an experimental German jet fighter vertical takeoff/landing (VTOL) tiltjet aircraft. VJ stood for Versuchsjäger,. The 101 was one of the first V/STOL designs to have the potential for eventual Mach 2 flight.
EWR VJ 101
RB145R engine
Top view, showing the air intake for the two fuselage lift engines
The X-1 Prototype exhibited at the 1964 Hanover Air Show
A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is one that can take off and land vertically without relying on a runway. This classification can include a variety of types of aircraft including helicopters as well as thrust-vectoring fixed-wing aircraft and other hybrid aircraft with powered rotors such as cyclogyros/cyclocopters and gyrodynes.
A F-35B demonstrating a vertical landing
Convair XFY-1 Pogo in flight
Bell XV-15
Fairey Jet Gyrodyne