1.
Ernst & Young Tower (Cleveland)
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The Ernst & Young Tower is a skyscraper in downtown Cleveland, Ohio that stands on the east bank of the Flats completed in 2013. It is an example of glass curtain and steel studded construction. The building rises 23 stories to a height of 330 feet, the building is also the Cleveland office of these law firms, Cleveland-based Tucker Ellis and Columbus, Ohio-based Porter Wright Morris Arthur. The hotel has a 150 guest rooms and the W XYZ bar, Ernst & Young Porter Wright Morris Arthur Tucker Ellis OM Group Wells Fargo McKinsey & Company Gilbane Building Co. List of tallest buildings in Cleveland The Flats
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Neomodern
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Neomodern or neomodernist art is a reaction to the complexity of postmodern architecture and eclecticism, seeking greater simplicity. Neomodern architecture continues modernism as a dominant form of architecture in the 20th and 21st centuries and it tends to be used for certain segments of buildings. Many residential houses tend to embrace postmodern, new classical and neo-eclectic styles, for instance, neomodern architecture shares many of the basic characteristics of modernism. Both reject classical ornamentation, decorations, and deliberate ambitions to continue pre-modernist traditions, neomodernist buildings, like modernist ones, are designed to be largely monolithic and functional. The neomodern artist group was founded in 1997 by Guy Denning on the premise that the diversity of art was being stifled by the state supported art institutions and organisations. The group have no common style or media but there is a bias towards figurative painting
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Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
4.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
5.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
6.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
7.
Oxford Properties
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Oxford Properties, established in 1960 is a global real estate owner, investor, developer and property manager with a portfolio of office, retail, industrial, multi-residential and hotel assets. Wholly owned by the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System since 2003, the organization has 2,000 employees and over $40 billion of real assets that it manages for itself and on behalf of its co-owners and investment partners. Oxford’s portfolio of properties represents more than 50 million square feet of office, retail, hotel, industrial, land and multi-residential assets in key markets across Canada, the US and Europe. Some of its most recognized assets include Royal Bank Plaza, The Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel, Yorkdale Shopping Centre, Olympic Tower and The Leadenhall Building. Oxford also owns seven Canadian Fairmont luxury hotels which were acquired in 2006, Oxford Leaseholds was established in 1960 in Edmonton by Don Love and John and George Poole, founders of PCL Construction. In the early days of the formation the partners decided there was a need for a medical clinic. Seven years and a few later, Great-West Life, Confederation Life Insurance Co. To reflect its growing desire to develop towers as well as operate them, the firm entered the 1970s as a publicly traded company, with an offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange, with its assets surpassing $1 billion. At the time, large acquisitions included Y&R Properties portfolio and 25 shopping centres from Cambridge Leaseholds, a decade later, a new ownership structure was introduced as Oxford went private in 1980 in a management-led leveraged buyout. To pay for the deal, it sold its shopping centres, the decade didnt pass quietly however, with assets rising above $3 billion. Oxford Properties set up its headquarters in Torontos Richmond-Adelaide Centre, eight years later, the two companies merged and once again went public with help from a $60 million investment from a Hong Kong investor. The company made significant real estate investments buying entire portfolios from Marathon, Greiner-Pacaud, Hammerson Canada, Royal Bank, Don Love had arrived in Edmonton in 1955 as an enterprising young stockbroker working for a national securities firm. A physician client approached him about building a clinic in Edmonton. He knew E. E. Poole, another one of his clients, and when Don made the proposal Ernest Poole declined, the three young men started a new company called “POLO” – PO for Poole, and LO for Love. Don provided the imagination, while John and George provided the capital, the trio secured a mortgage and built the Baker Clinic, which they then sold back to the doctors of the practice. They were officially in the development business, GRESB is an industry-driven organization committed to assessing the ESG performance of real assets globally, including real estate portfolios and infrastructure assets. Oxford Properties has measured a 26 per cent improvement in the efficiency of their managed portfolio, on a per square foot basis. RBC WaterPark Place was the first LEED Core and Shell Platinum Office Tower in Toronto
8.
Kohn Pedersen Fox
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Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates is an American architecture firm which provides architecture, interior, programming and master planning services for clients in both the public and private sectors. KPF is one of the largest architecture firms in the world and is one of the largest in New York City. KPF’s projects over the last 10 years include Roppongi Hills in Tokyo, Unilever House in London, the Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas, the Stephen M. In New York, KPF is presently designing the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project, KPF recently completed One Jackson Square and served as Executive Architect for the 10-year phased expansion and renovation of New Yorks Museum of Modern Art. Current projects around the world include the Midfield Terminal Complex at the Abu Dhabi International Airport, kPFs philosophy is firmly rooted in the belief that success is the result of collaboration and dialogue. KPF explains, “A similar sentiment is central to the manner in which we weave our buildings into the environmental fabric, for a firm of its size, KPF takes on an unusually large number of restoration and renovation projects. Examples of this work include The World Bank Headquarters, Unilever House, KPF has been recognized for workplace collaboration. Shortly after its founding in 1976, the American Broadcasting Company chose KPF to redevelop a former building on Manhattan’s West Side to house TV studios. This experience led to 14 more projects for ABC over the next 11 years, as well as commissions from major corporations across the country, including the AT&T, by the mid-1980s, KPF had nearly 250 architects working on projects in cities throughout the United States. It remains a Chicago landmark, and was voted “Favorite Building” by the readers of the Chicago Tribune in both 1995 and 1997. In 1986, KPF’s Procter & Gamble Headquarters in Cincinnati, which included an open plan interior design by Patricia Conway, was recognized for its design with the AIA National Honor Award. In the 1990s, KPF also took on a number of government and civic projects. Courthouse in New York, the Mark O. Hatfield U. S, courthouse in Portland, OR, the U. S. Courthouse of Minneapolis, the Buffalo Niagara International Airport and the multiple award-winning redevelopment of The World Bank Headquarters in Washington, D. C. KPF’s winning entry in the competition for the World Bank Headquarters. KPF’s sensitive design solution for the World Bank, its first D. C. project, KPF completed the design for two blocks of the large-scale Canary Wharf redevelopment and the Goldman Sachs Headquarters on Fleet Street. KPF has been selected for projects in the Canary Wharf area through the present day, KPF’s subsequent work in the U. K. includes Thames Court in London, the Rothermere American Institute at Oxford University and the master plan for the London School of Economics. KPFs introduction to the Asian market began with the 4,500, within 10 years, KPF had projects in Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China
9.
WZMH Architects
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WZMH Architects is a Canadian multinational architectural firm established in 1961 and based in Toronto. Originally known as Webb Zerafa Menkès Housden the company’s name was changed to WZMH Architects in 2002, WZMH has incorporated sustainable design principles into the majority of its projects and has received numerous domestic and international Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design awards. In 2013, the firm’s Nova Scotia Power Corporate Headquarters was the first building in Atlantic Canada to receive LEED Platinum certification, WZMH has enduring developer relationships with Oxford Properties, Brookfield Properties, Infrastructure Ontario, ELAD Group, and Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. In 2015, WZMH merged with pellow + associates, a known for its retail design. In 2016, WZMH Architects celebrated its 55th anniversary
10.
Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it
11.
Art Deco
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Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
12.
Group of Seven (artists)
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The Group of Seven, also known as the Algonquin School, was a group of Canadian landscape painters from 1920 to 1933, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, later, A. J. Casson was invited to join in 1926, Edwin Holgate became a member in 1930, and LeMoine FitzGerald joined in 1932. Two artists commonly associated with the group are Tom Thomson and Emily Carr, although he died before its official formation, Thomson had a significant influence on the group. Emily Carr was also associated with the Group of Seven. The Group was succeeded by the Canadian Group of Painters in the 1933, the Art Gallery of Ontario, in its earlier incarnation as the Art Gallery of Toronto, was the site of their first exhibition as the Group of Seven. The McMichael was founded by Robert and Signe McMichael, who began collecting paintings by the Group of Seven and their contemporaries in 1955. Tom Thomson, J. E. H. MacDonald, Arthur Lismer, Frederick Varley, Frank Johnston, in 1913, they were joined by A. Y. Jackson and Lawren Harris. They often met at the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto to discuss their opinions and this group received monetary support from Harris and Dr. James MacCallum. Harris and MacCallum jointly built the Studio Building in 1914 in the Rosedale ravine to serve as a meeting and working place for the new Canadian art movement. MacCallum owned land on Georgian Bay and Thomson worked as a guide in nearby Algonquin Park, the informal group was temporarily split up during World War I, during which Jackson and Varley became official war artists. A further blow to the group came in 1917 when Thomson died while canoeing in Algonquin Park and he appeared to have suffered a blow to the head and showed no signs of drowning. The circumstances of his death remain mysterious, the seven who formed the original group reunited after the war. They continued to travel throughout Ontario, especially the Muskoka and Algoma regions, sketching the landscape, in 1919, they decided to make themselves into a group devoted to a distinct Canadian form of art which didnt exist yet, and began to call themselves the Group of Seven. It is unknown who specifically chose these seven men, but it is believed to have been Harris, by 1920, they were ready for their first exhibition thanks to the constant support and encouragement of Eric Brown, the director of the National Gallery at that time. Prior to this, many believed the Canadian landscape was not worthy of being painted. Reviews for the 1920 exhibition were mixed, but as the decade progressed the Group came to be recognized as pioneers of a new, Canadian, after Frank Johnston left the group in 1920 to move to Winnipeg, A. J. Casson was invited to join in 1926. Franklin Carmichael had taken a liking to him and had encouraged Casson to sketch, the Groups champions during its early years included Barker Fairley, a co-founder of Canadian Forum magazine, and the warden of Hart House at the University of Toronto, J. Burgon Bickersteth. The members of the Group began to travel elsewhere in Canada for inspiration, including British Columbia, Quebec, Nova Scotia, after Samuel Gurney Cresswell and other painters on Royal Navy expeditions, these were the first artists of European descent who depicted the Arctic
13.
J. E. H. MacDonald
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James Edward Hervey MacDonald, known as J. E. H. MacDonald, was a Canadian artist and one of the founders of the Group of Seven who initiated the first major Canadian national art movement. He was the father of illustrator Thoreau MacDonald, MacDonald was born on May 12,1873 in Durham, England to an English mother and Canadian father, who was a cabinetmaker. In 1887 at the age of 14, he immigrated with his family to Hamilton and that year he began his first training as an artist at the Hamilton Art School, where he studied under John Ireland and Arthur Heming. In 1889, they moved again to Toronto, where he studied commercial art and he continued his training at the Central Ontario School of Art and Design, where he studied with George Agnew Reid and William Cruikshank. In 1895, MacDonald took a position as a designer at Grip Ltd, an important commercial art firm. In the coming years, he encouraged his colleagues—including future artist Tom Thomson—to develop their skills as painters, in 1899, MacDonald married Joan Lavis, and two years later they had a son, Thoreau. MacDonald worked as a designer at Grip Ltd until 1903, then at Carlton Studio in London from 1903 to 1907, whilst at Carlton, he worked with Norman Mills Price, William Tracy Wallace and Albert Angus Turbayne. In 1911, MacDonald resigned his position at Grip Ltd and moved with his wife and child to Thornhill. To supplement his income, he worked occasionally as a designer until 1921. After developing his own style to the genre, he organized a show of his work at the Arts. Fellow artist Lawren Harris—a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts—was so impressed with MacDonalds work that he asked if they could work together, Harris encouraged MacDonald to continue painting and show his work whenever possible. The following year they organized their first joint exhibition, in 1912, MacDonald was widely recognized for his contributions to an exhibition at the Ontario Society of Artists. In January 1913, MacDonald and Harris travelled to the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, the two artists felt that the uninhibited approach to the northern Scandinavian wilderness could be adopted by Canadian painters to create on canvas a unique Canadian form of landscape art. Later that year, commercial artists based in Toronto began to show interest in the potential of original Canadian expression, in the spring of 1913, MacDonald wrote to A. Y. Jackson, inviting him to come to Toronto, which he did in May, in March 1916, MacDonald exhibited The Tangled Garden at the Ottawa Society of Artists. Accustomed to the blending and muted tones of Canadian academic art in the style of the Canadian Art Club. The art critic for the Toronto Daily Star called it an incoherent mass of color, hostile art critics thereafter singled out MacDonald for attacks in the press. The group would hitch their car to trains travelling through the area, MacDonald would return to Algoma with his colleagues for the next several autumns
14.
Ernst & Young
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EY is a multinational professional services firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom. EY is one of the largest professional services firm in the world and is one of the Big Four accounting firms, the organisation operates as a network of member firms which are separate legal entities in individual countries. It has 231,000 employees in over 700 offices around 150 countries in the world and it provides assurance, tax, consulting and advisory services to companies. The firm dates back to 1849 with the founding of Harding & Pullein in England, the current firm was formed by a merger of Ernst & Whinney and Arthur Young & Co. in 1989. It was known as Ernst & Young until 2013, when it underwent a rebranding to EY, the acronym EY was already an informal name for the firm prior to its official adoption. In 2016, Fortune magazine ranked EY as 49th of the 100 Best Companies to Work For, EY is the result of a series of mergers of ancestor organizations. The oldest originating partnership was founded in 1849 in England as Harding & Pullein, in that year the firm was joined by Frederick Whinney. He was made a partner in 1859 and with his sons in the business it was renamed Whinney Smith & Whinney in 1894, in 1903, the firm of Ernst & Ernst was established in Cleveland by Alwin C. Ernst and his brother Theodore and in 1906, Arthur Young & Co. was set up by the Scotsman Arthur Young in Chicago. As early as 1924, these American firms allied with prominent British firms, Young with Broads Paterson & Co. in the year 1979, this led to the formation of Anglo-American Ernst & Whinney, creating the fourth largest accountancy firm in the world. Also in 1979, the European offices of Arthur Young merged with large local European firms. In 1989, the four firm Ernst & Whinney merged with the then number five, Arthur Young. The merger plans were abandoned in February 1998 due to client opposition, antitrust issues, cost problems, EY had built up its consultancy arm heavily during the 1980s and 1990s. In 2002, EY took over many of the ex-Arthur Andersen practices around the world, although not those in the UK, China, in 2010, EY acquired Terco, the Brazilian member firm of Grant Thornton. In 2013, EY changed its name from Ernst & Young to EY. EY expanded further and acquired all of KPMG Denmarks operations including its 150 partners,1500 employees and 21 offices. In 2015, EY opened its first ever global Security Operations Centre at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala in India, in 2017 EY announced it was opening an executive support center in Tucson, Arizona, creating over 125 new jobs. In 2017 the company looking for a location for a new, $4.35 million professional services center in Louisville, Kentucky, creating 125 new jobs
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PATH (Toronto)
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PATH is a network of underground pedestrian tunnels, elevated walkways, and at-grade walkways connecting the office towers of Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is more than 30-kilometre long, according to Guinness World Records, PATH is the largest underground shopping complex in the world with 371,600 square metres of retail space. The PATH networks northerly point is the Toronto Coach Terminal at Dundas Street and Bay Street and its main axes of walkways generally parallel Yonge Street and Bay Street. It was the first underground pathway in Toronto, and is often credited as a historic precursor to the current PATH network. Another original underground linkage, built in 1927 to connect Union Station, the network of underground walkways expanded under city planner Matthew Lawson in the 1960s. Torontos downtown sidewalks were overcrowded, and new towers were removing the much-needed small businesses from the streets. Lawson thus convinced several important developers to construct underground malls, pledging that they would eventually be linked, the city originally helped fund the construction, but with the election of a reform city council this ended. This also converted low-valued basements into some of the most valuable retail space in the country, the first expansion of the network occurred in the 1970s with the construction and underground connection of the Richmond-Adelaide office tower and the Sheraton Centre hotel complex. In 1987, City Council adopted a unified wayfinding system throughout the network, a colour-coded system with directional cues was deployed in the early 1990s. Within the various buildings, pedestrians can find a PATH system map, the signage can be hard to find inside some of the various connected buildings. Building owners concerned about losing customers to neighbouring buildings insisted that the signs not dominate their buildings, the city relented and the result is the current system. Many complain that the system is hard to navigate, PATH provides an important contribution to the economic viability of the citys downtown core. Its underground location provides pedestrians with a haven from the winter cold and snow. In 2011, the City of Toronto released an expansion plan for the PATH. As part of the plan there will be 45 new entry points. Toronto planners have begun work to guide future PATH development and ensure PATH link construction is included in basement levels of key new buildings, more than 50 buildings or office towers are connected through the PATH system. It comprises twenty parking garages, five stations, two major department stores, two major shopping centres, six major hotels, and a railway terminal. Underground city Official website Official PATH map Online Directory of the PATH
16.
OMERS
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It has become one of the largest institutional investors in Canada. As of December 2013, OMERS had 65.1 billion Canadian dollars in net investment assets, OMERS is governed by the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement Act,2006, an Ontario law which superseded the older Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System Act. OMERS investment strategy since 2003 has been to increase its investment in infrastructure to 15% from the former 7. 9%. In addition to the corporate assets outlined below, Borealis owns 16 school buildings, leased to the Province of Nova Scotia, — operator of the 12. 9-kilometre Confederation Bridge between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick until 2032 Ceda Holdings Ltd. Some parts of Thomson Learning had been sold off to other groups before this sale, among Cengages major brands are Gale and Nelson Education. TeraGo Networks Inc. — wireless broadband Internet service provider Trident Exploration Corp
17.
TMX Group
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TMX Group Limited operates equities, fixed income, derivatives, and energy markets exchanges. TMX Group is best known for its stock exchanges, Toronto Stock Exchange, which serves the senior equity markets, and TSX Venture Exchange, TMX Group is headquartered in Toronto and operates offices across Canada, in key U. S. markets, and overseas. In 2001, the Toronto Stock Exchange acquired the Canadian Venture Exchange, the acquisition was carried out through a parent company, TSX Group Inc. The Montreal Exchange was acquired on December 10,2007 for C$1.31 Billion The acquisition was completed on May 1,2008 and the corporation subsequently renamed to TMX Group Inc. On June 11,2008 at a meeting of shareholders of TSX Group Inc a resolution to change the name of the corporation to TMX Group Inc. was put forward, the formal vote for the deal will take place in September. On February 9,2011, the London Stock Exchange Group announced that they had agreed to merge with the TMX, xavier Rolet, CEO of the LSE Group, will head the company, while TMX Chief Executive Thomas Kloet will become president. Based on data from November 30,2010 the new stock exchange would be the second largest in the world with a market cap 47% greater than the Nasdaq, announced on June 1,2011, the provisional name for the combined group would be LTMX Group plc. On June 13,2011, a bid from the Maple Group of Canadian interests, was unveiled. The group is composed of the banks and financial institutions of Canada. Luc Bertrand, spokesman for Maple Group and one of the drivers of the bid is vice chairman of the National Bank of Canada, on June 22,2011, the LSE Group and TMX agreed to pay a special dividend to shareholders. The special dividend is meant to sway away from Maple Groups rival bid. The dividend was valued at $678 million with TMX shareholders receiving $4 per share, including the special dividend, the LSE agreement would be valued at $48.90 per share versus the $48 per share of Maple. The exchanges also pledged to maintain the dividend at least as high as the current TMX annual payout, on June 29, LSEG and TMX terminated the merger plans after it appeared that the merger would not be approved by the needed two-thirds majority of TMX shareholders. On July 11,2012, Maple Groups deal was approved by all federal and provincial authorities, including the Ontario Securities Commission. On July 31,2012 Maple Group announced that it won control of the TMX Group, the formal vote for the deal will take place in September. On February 13,2013 TMX Group announced it had entered into an agreement with Equity Financial Holdings Inc. to acquire its transfer agent, on July 25,2013 the S&P Dow Jones Indices and TMX Group announced the launch of the S&P/TSX High Income Energy Index. The new index was licensed by S&P Dow Jones Indices to Guggenheim Investments for an Exchange Traded Fund listed on the New York Stock Exchange. On March 25,2014 TMX Group announced plans to launch a business to facilitate capital raising, TSX Private Markets enables TMX Group to serve companies throughout their evolution from start-up, to private issuer, to public issuer
18.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design is one of the most popular green building certification programs used worldwide. Developed by the non-profit U. S. LEED also has grown from six volunteers on one committee to 119,924 staff, volunteers, LEED standards have been applied to approximately 83,452 registered and certified LEED projects worldwide, covering around 13.8 billion square feet. Many U. S. federal agencies and states and local governments require or reward LEED certification, however, four states have effectively banned the use of LEED in new public buildings, preferring other industry standards that the USGBC considers too lax. Proposals to modify the LEED standards are offered and publicly reviewed by USGBCs member organizations, GBCI also certifies projects pursuing LEED. LEED has evolved since 1998 to more accurately represent and incorporate emerging green building technologies, the pilot version, LEED New Construction v1.0, led to LEED NCv2.0, LEED NCv2.2 in 2005, and LEED2009 in 2009. LEED v4 was introduced in November,2013, until October 31,2016, new projects may choose between LEED2009 and LEED v4. New projects registering after October 31,2016 must use LEED v4, LEED2009 encompasses ten rating systems for the design, construction and operation of buildings, homes and neighborhoods. Five overarching categories correspond to the available under the LEED professional program. Up to 10 additional points may be earned, four points may be received for Regional Priority Credits. Its owner must share data on the energy and water use for five years after occupancy or date of certification. Each of the categories also have mandatory measures in each category. The weighting process has three steps, A collection of buildings are used to estimate the environmental impacts of any building seeking LEED certification in a designated rating scheme. NIST weightings are used to judge the importance of these impacts in each category. Data regarding actual impacts on environmental and human health are used to assign points to individual categories and measures and this system results in a weighted average for each rating scheme based upon actual impacts and the relative importance of those impacts to human health and environmental quality. The LEED council also appears to have assigned credit and measure weighting based upon the market implications of point allocation, in 2003, the Canada Green Building Council received permission to create LEED Canada-NC v1.0, which was based upon LEED-NC2.0. Many buildings in Canada are LEED certified in part due to their Rainwater harvesting practices, LEED certification is granted by the Green Building Certification Institute, which handles the third-party verification of a projects compliance with the LEED requirements. The certification process for design teams is made up of two applications, one including design credits, and one including construction credits. All of the LEED credits in each rating system are assigned to either the design application or the construction application, the design credits include those that are the purview of the architect and the engineer, and are documented in the official construction drawings
19.
Topping out
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In building construction, topping out is a builders rite traditionally held when the last beam is placed atop a structure during its construction. Nowadays, the ceremony is often parlayed into an event for public relations purposes. Long an important component of timber frame building, it migrated initially to England and Northern Europe, a tree or leafy branch is placed on the topmost wood or iron beam, often with flags and streamers tied to it. A toast is usually drunk and sometimes workers are treated to a meal, in masonry construction the rite celebrates the bedding of the last block or brick. In some cases a topping out event is held at an intermediate point, in New Zealand, completion of the roof to a water-proof state is celebrated through a roof shout, where workers are treated to cake and beer. The tradition of pannenbier is popular in the Netherlands and Flanders and it stays in place until the buildings owner provides free beer to the workers, after which it is lowered. It is considered if it remains flown for more than a few days. The topping out traditions of the high-steel ironworkers, Topping Off. at the Wayback Machine. Http, //www. stp. uh. edu/vol68/160/news/news4. html Tree symbolizes campus growth, The Daily Cougar, Volume 68, Issue 160, Monday,28 July 2003, Topping Off at the Wayback Machine. National Review, December 23,2003 Richtfest. info A German language site about the topping out ceremonies, Topping out Roberts Pavilion Topping out the new athletic building at Claremont McKenna College
20.
Toronto Star
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The Toronto Star is a Canadian broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. a division of Star Media Group, the Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation The World owned a 51% interest in it as a silent partner. That arrangement only lasted for two months, during time it was rumoured that William Findlay Billy Maclean, the Worlds proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family. After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken, the paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until Sir William Mackenzie bought it in 1896 and its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Nicholls, moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night. This would continue until Joseph E, holy Joe Atkinson, backed by funds raised by supporters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, bought the paper. The supporters included Senator George Cox, William Mulock, Peter Charles Larkin, Atkinson was the Stars editor from 1899 until his death in 1948. Its early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime saw the paper one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the welfare state, old age pensions, unemployment insurance. The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as a radical in the best sense of that term, the Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star. The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era, for decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism, along with advocating social change. From 1910 to 1973, the Star published a weekend supplement, shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the papers liberal tradition. In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act, barring charitable organizations from owning parts of profit-making businesses. It would continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBCs station CRCT, in 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay. The original Star Building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place, the new building originally housed the papers presses. In 1992, the plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 &400 interchange in Vaughan. In September 2002, the logo was changed, and The was dropped from the papers, during the 2003 blackout, the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland, Ontario
21.
The Globe and Mail
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The Globe and Mail is a nationally distributed Canadian newspaper owned by The Woodbridge Company, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. The Globe and Mail is regarded by some as Canadas newspaper of record, the predecessor to The Globe and Mail was The Globe, founded in 1844 by Scottish immigrant George Brown, who became a Father of Confederation. Browns liberal politics led him to court the support of the Clear Grits and he selected as the motto for the editorial page a quotation from Junius, The subject who is truly loyal to the Chief Magistrate will neither advise nor submit to arbitrary measures. The quotation is carried on the page to this day. By the 1850s, The Globe had become an independent and well-regarded daily newspaper and it began distribution by railway to other cities in Ontario shortly after Canadian Confederation. At the dawn of the century, The Globe added photography, a womens section, and the slogan Canadas National Newspaper. It began opening bureaus and offering subscriptions across Canada, on 23 November 1936, The Globe merged with The Mail and Empire, itself formed through the 1895 merger of two conservative newspapers, The Toronto Mail and Toronto Empire. Press reports at the stated, the minnow swallowed the whale because The Globes circulation was smaller than The Mail. The merger was arranged by George McCullagh, who fronted for mining magnate William Henry Wright and became the first publisher of The Globe, McCullagh committed suicide in 1952, and the newspaper was sold to the Webster family of Montreal. As the paper lost ground to The Toronto Star in the local Toronto market, the newspaper was unionised in 1955, under the banner of the American Newspaper Guild. From 1937 until 1974, the newspaper was produced at the William H, in 1965, the paper was bought by Winnipeg-based FP Publications, controlled by Bryan Maheswary, which owned a chain of local Canadian newspapers. FP put an emphasis on the Report on Business section that was launched in 1962. FP Publications and The Globe and Mail were sold in 1980 to The Thomson Corporation, after the acquisition there were few changes made in editorial or news policy. However, there was more attention paid to national and international news on the editorial, op-ed, the Globe and Mail has always been a morning newspaper. Since the 1980s, it has been printed in editions in six Canadian cities, Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary. Southern Ontario Newspaper Guild employees took their first ever strike vote at The Globe in 1982 and those negotiations ended without a strike, and the Globe unit of SONG still has a strike-free record. SONG members voted in 1994 to sever ties with the American-focused Newspaper Guild, shortly afterwards, SONG affiliated with the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada. Under the editorship of William Thorsell in the 1980s and 1990s, during this period, the paper continued to favour such socially liberal policies as decriminalizing drugs and expanding gay rights
22.
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
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The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat is an international body in the field of tall buildings and sustainable urban design. Its stated mission is to study and report on all aspects of the planning, design, the Council was founded at Lehigh University in 1969 by Lynn S. Beedle, where its office remained until October 2003 when it moved to the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. The CTBUH ranks the height of buildings using three different methods, Height to architectural top, This is the criterion under which the CTBUH ranks the height of buildings. Heights are measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the top of the building, inclusive of spires but excluding items such as flagpoles and antennae. Highest occupied floor, Height to the level of the highest floor that is occupied by residents. Height to tip, Height to the highest point of the building, including antennae, flagpoles, a category measuring to the top of the roof was removed from the ranking criteria in November 2009. This became the CTBUH official definition of a building’s completion, the CTBUH maintains an extensive database of the tallest buildings in the world, organized by various categories. Buildings under construction are included, although not ranked until completion. The CTBUH also produces an annual list of the ten tallest buildings completed in that particular year. Second on the 2008 list was the 363-metre Almas Tower in Dubai, third was the Minsheng Bank Building in Wuhan which stands at 331 metres, whilst fourth was The Address Downtown Burj Dubai. All in all, six of the ten tallest buildings completed in 2008 are located in Asia, the CTBUH also hosts annual conferences and a World Congress every three to five years. The most recent World Congress was held in Shanghai between 19 and 21 September 2012, the next World Congress will be held in Shanghai between 16 and 19 September 2014. The CTBUH also bestows Tall Building Awards each year, with four awards to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Among these four regional awards, one is given the Best Tall Building Award Overall, there are also two lifetime achievement awards. Starting in 2010, these awards are presented at a symposium, in 2012 the CTBUH added two new awards for Innovation and Performance. In addition to the newsletter and daily updated global news archive. The Journal includes peer-reviewed technical papers, in-depth project case studies, book reviews, interviews with prominent persons in the building industry. The CTBUH also publishes guidebooks, reference manuals, and monographs related to the building industry
23.
CBC News
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Founded in 1941, CBC News is the largest news broadcaster in Canada and has local, regional and national broadcasts and stations. It works closely with, but is separate from, Le Téléjournal, the distinctive music on all CBC television news programs was introduced in 2006. It was part of the rebranding of all news programming under the CBC News title. Most local newscasts on CBC Television are currently branded as CBC News, such as CBC News, CBC Radio News produces on-the-hour updates for the CBCs national radio stations and provides content for regional updates. The majority of news and information is aired on CBC Radio One, CBC News Online is the CBCs CBC. ca news website. Launched in 1996, it was named one of the most popular websites in Canada in 2012. The website provides regional, national, and international coverage, and arts and entertainment. Many reports are accompanied by podcasting, audio and video from the CBCs television, in November 2005, the CBC News Weather Centre was established to cover local and international weather, using in part data provided by Environment Canada. Claire Martin was hired to serve as the face of the Weather Centre. The weather section of CBC. ca has been phased out in favour of forecasts from The Weather Network, CBC News provides the following television programs. Several conservative outlets and politicians have accused the CBC of bias in its news coverage, including the National Post, former prime minister Stephen Harper and columnist Barbara Amiel. In 2009, CBC President Hubert Lacroix commissioned a study to determine whether its news was biased and he said, Our job — and we take it seriously — is to ensure that the information that we put out is fair and unbiased in everything that we do. The study, the methodology of which was not specified, was due to results in the fall of 2010. In April 2010, the Conservatives accused pollster Frank Graves of giving advice to the Liberal Party of Canada. Graves directed a number of public research projects on behalf of the CBC as well as other media organizations. An investigation conducted by the CBC ombudsman found no evidence to support these allegations and we believe that it is our obligation to report fairly and truthfully. The CBC sets out to maintain its accuracy, integrity and fairness in its journalism, as a Canadian institution and a press undertaking, CBC set out the Journalistic Standards and Practices and works in compliance with these principles. Balanced viewpoints must be presented through on-the-air discussions, as it is with other public and private journalistic undertakings, credibility in the eyes of the general population is seen as the corporations most valuable asset
24.
CN Tower
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The CN Tower is a 553.3 m-high concrete communications and observation tower in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976, becoming the worlds tallest free-standing structure and it held both records for 34 years until the completion of Burj Khalifa and Canton Tower in 2010. Its name CN originally referred to Canadian National, the company that built the tower. Since the name CN Tower became common in usage, the abbreviation was eventually expanded to Canadian National Tower or Canadas National Tower. However, neither of these names is commonly used, in 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers, where it holds second-place ranking and these plans evolved over the next few years, and the project became official in 1972. Key project team members were NCK Engineering as structural engineer, John Andrews Architects, Webb, Zerafa, Menkes, Housden Architects, Foundation Building Construction, and Canron. As Toronto grew rapidly during the late 1960s and early 1970s, multiple skyscrapers were constructed in the downtown core, the reflective nature of the new buildings compromised the quality of broadcast signals necessitating new, higher antennas that were at least 300 m tall. At the time, most data communications took place over point-to-point microwave links, as each new skyscraper was added to the downtown, former line-of-sight links were no longer possible. CN intended to rent hub space for microwave links, visible from almost any building in the Toronto area. S, the original plan for the tower envisioned a tripod consisting of three independent cylindrical pillars linked at various heights by structural bridges. Had it been built, this design would have considerably shorter. The idea for the level in its current form evolved around this time. One engineer in particular felt that visitors would feel the higher observation deck would be worth paying extra for, Construction on the CN Tower began on February 6,1973, with massive excavations at the tower base for the foundation.7 m. This portion of the construction was rapid, with only four months needed between the start and the foundation being ready for construction on top. To build the support pillar, a hydraulically raised slipform was built at the base. This was an impressive engineering feat on its own, consisting of a large metal platform that raised itself on jacks at about 6 m per day as the concrete below set. In total, the tower contains 40,500 m3 of concrete, through the pour, the vertical accuracy of the tower was maintained by comparing the slip forms location to massive plumb bobs hanging from it, observed by small telescopes from the ground. Over the height of the tower, it varies from true vertical accuracy by only 29 mm, in August 1974, construction of the main level commenced
25.
First Canadian Place
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First Canadian Place is a skyscraper in Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At 298 m, it is Canadas tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top and 9th highest to the top. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower, first Canadian Place is named for Canadas first bank, the Bank of Montreal. The site was the last of corners of King and Bay to be redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, first Canadian Place was the 6th tallest building in the world to structural top and the tallest building overall outside of Chicago and New York when built in 1975. It was also the tallest building in the Commonwealth of Nations until the completion of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1998. The Bank of Montreal M-bar logo at the top of the building was the highest sign in the world from 1975 until overtaken by the sign atop CITIC Plaza in 1997, the roof is still the location of a number of antennas used for radio and television broadcasting. The structure contains 29 elevators, and is one of only a few buildings in the world uses the double-decked variety. The building was pictured on the front and rear cover of the 1981 album This Is the Ice Age by Canadian New Wave band Martha And The Muffins & also their 7 single Women Around The World At Work. The album featured two photos which were taken from the place but at different times by Muffins guitarist Mark Gane using a time lapse camera. The 7 cover again features the photo but has 9 small images taken at various times of the day & night. The rejuvenation program design architects were Moed de Armas & Shannon Architects, the entire project, completed in 2012, cost was in excess of CA$100 million, paid by the owner. This extensive capital improvement project was intended to provide a new exterior for FCP and eliminate the maintenance costs associated with marble upkeep
26.
Scotia Plaza
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Scotia Plaza is a commercial office complex in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At 275 m, Scotia Plaza is Canadas third tallest building and it is connected to the PATH network, and contains 190,000 m2 of office space on 68 floors and 40 retail stores. The complex was developed by Olympia and York as an expansion of the adjacent headquarters of Scotiabank, the tower incorporates the historic Beaux-Arts Bank of Nova Scotia Building at 44 King Street West, by architects Mathers and Haldenby with Beck and Eadie, constructed between 1946 and 1951. WZMH Architects designed the tower which was constructed between 1985 and 1988. Excavation for the tower extended 33.5 m, the deepest for a building in Canadas history, the tower consists of 68 storeys above ground and 6 storeys below ground with a parallelogram floorplan. Red Napoleon Granite, quarried in Sweden, cut and polished in Italy, then imported to Canada, covers much of the exterior, windows are dark tinted glass framed by the granite. The north and south facades follow a step profile giving many floors over 12 desirable corner offices, the east and west façades feature a deeply recessed, stepped-chevron extending between floors 56 and 68. The area within the chevron is covered with the glass in metal frames. Instead of a skeleton to bear structural loads, the tower employs high strength reinforced concrete. The tower has two wings extending east to 104 Yonge Street and north to 11 Adelaide Street West. The Adelaide wing incorporates the historic façade of the Wood Gundy Building, previously located at 40 King Street West, the towers project and construction managers were Goldie-Burgess Ltd. followed by W. Tamm Consulting Limited. Within the basement levels lies Canadas only gold bullion bank vault, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Tour Scotia in Montreal Scotia Place in Edmonton Scotia Plaza
27.
The Adelaide Hotel Toronto
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Trump International Hotel and Tower, Toronto is a mixed-use skyscraper in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was built by Markham-based Talon International Development Inc. which is owned by Val Levitan and Canadian businessman Alex Shnaider and it is named for American real estate developer and President of the United States, Donald Trump, a minority shareholder in the project. The tower is located in the Financial District, at 311 Bay Street, on the southeast corner of Bay, construction began with the removal of the sales centre in September 2007, but the official groundbreaking was on October 12,2007. The hotel portion of the tower was planned to be completed in late 2011, the tower was projected to be completed in early 2012. The building topped out in early September 2011, and the spire was raised on September 24,2011, Trump Tower is the third tallest skyscraper in Canada, the tallest mixed-use building in the city and fourth tallest structure in the city. The hotel opened for business on January 31,2012, work on the top of the building continued until completion in July 2012 with the activation of two high intensity aircraft warning lights. The 65-storey Trump International Hotel & Tower is 276.9 m tall and is clad with a steel, glass, the building includes 260 luxury hotel rooms and 109 condominiums. The top two floors of the section house a 5,486 m2 spa. It was built by Zeidler Roberts Partnership and is the tallest mixed-use building in Canada, floors 2-31 occupies the hotel while 32-57 occupies residential. Residential suites range in size from 207 m2, and were designed with upscale fixtures and 3.4 to 4 m ceilings, suite prices started at C$1.2 million. There are 4-6 suites per floor, residents have a separate entrance and elevators from hotel guests. Builders planned to connect the building to Torontos underground PATH network, lewis Builds Corporation, a construction and development manager in downtown Toronto, was the construction manager for this project. The building was built from a vacant lot surrounded by Scotia Plaza, developer Harry Stinson intended to create a friendly rivalry with Trump for the tallest mixed-use building in Canada with the Sapphire Tower. As a result, the heights of both projects were revised several times in an attempt to outdo each other, and Stinsons skyscraper would have been 17 metres taller in its last design. However, the Sapphire Tower failed to approval of city council. At that time, the Trump Towers design was scaled back. Talon counter-sued the investors who did not pay the purchase price by December 13,2012. Matlow stated that renaming the building would allow Talon International Development to disassociate itself, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice approved the request to appoint a receiver on November 4,2016
28.
Aura (Toronto)
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The Aura is a mixed-use skyscraper completed in 2014. in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the phase of a series of new condominiums near College Park in Torontos Downtown Yonge district. It is part of the Residences of College Park project, as of 2016, it is the 6th tallest residential building outside of Asia and the 23rd tallest residential building in the world. The original design proposed two towers, the building would have featured a ten-storey podium, with two towers on top. The taller tower would have been 60 storeys and 196.5 m tall, the shorter tower would have been 20 stories and 74.5 m tall. The lower floors of the building were occupied while the floors were still being constructed. Floors 1-31 were opened for occupancy in Fall 2013, while floors 32-80 were still bare concrete, the second set of floors,32 to 57, were occupied in spring 2014. The final phase, floors 58-80, were expected to be completed in December 2014, the semi-transparent metal and high-tempered brick 78-storey tower has approximately 100,000 m² of residential space. This makes Aura Canadas tallest and largest residential building, the residential portion of the tower is built above a three-storey podium which has approximately 14,000 m² of retail space. The building has a patio on the 5th floor and a 40,000 square-foot fitness facility, formerly called Hard Candy Fitness. There is fast food court in the basement level of the building, the complex is not connected to PATH, but unit owners are suing the developer for stating the possible connection when units were sold. City staff have indicated the connection with PATH may be years away, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Aura on Skyscraperpage Aura on Emporis Aura on urbandb. com
29.
Brookfield Place (Toronto)
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Brookfield Place is an office complex in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, comprising the 2.1 ha block bounded by Yonge Street, Wellington Street West, Bay Street, and Front Street. The complex contains 242,000 m2 of office space, Brookfield Place is also the home of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Bay Wellington Tower is a 49-story office tower, designed by Bregman + Hamann Architects, the TD Canada Trust Tower is noted for its recessed design and spire on the upper levels and stands at 53 storeys. Until July 2015, the TD logo was displayed on the Canada Trust Tower. Although Brookfield Place is an office complex, it contains a significant heritage component. In the 19th century, this block was described in the Globe newspaper as the most valuable business block in the city, although much of it was subsequently destroyed in the 1904 Toronto fire. The facade of the 1890s-era Merchants Bank building, originally located on Wellington Street, was similarly restored, although it was moved and incorporated into the Allen Lambert Galleria. The opulent former Bank of Montreal branch at the northwest corner of Yonge and Front streets, built in 1885, also part of the complex. It contains portraits of all Hall of Fame inductees, and houses a number of hockey trophies, Brookfield Place is connected to the underground PATH system and to the subway. Allen Lambert Galleria, sometimes described as the cathedral of commerce, is an atrium designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava which connects Bay Street with Sam Pollock Square. The Galleria was the result of a competition and was incorporated into the development in order to satisfy the City of Torontos public art requirements. It is a frequently photographed space, and is featured as a backdrop for news reports, as well as TV. Brookfield Place serves as the headquarters for Brookfield Office Properties, which owns the Bay Wellington Tower section of the complex, the TD Tower section was owned in entirety by the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System through its subsidiary Oxford Properties. According to the Financial Post, A spokesman for PSP would not confirm the deal had taken place, the swap valued the 50% stake in the tower at C$465 million, or C$750 per square foot, a record for commercial property in Canada
30.
Commerce Court
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Commerce Court is a complex of four office buildings on King and Bay Streets in the financial district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, The primary tenant is the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The buildings are a mix of Art Deco, International, the first building, now known as Commerce Court North, was opened in 1931 as the headquarters of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, a precursor bank to the current main tenant. The building was the site of Torontos first Wesleyan Methodist Church, from 1887 to 1927 it was home to a seven storey head office of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, which was demolished to make way for Commerce Court North. The Canadian Bank of Commerce head office was designed by the Canadian firm Pearson and Darling with the American bank specialists York, structural engineering was provided by Harkness and Hertzberg. The 34-storey limestone clad tower was the tallest building in the British Empire/Commonwealth for roughly three decades, until 1962, at the time of its construction, the building was one of the most opulent corporate headquarters in Canada, and featured a public observation deck. Commerce Court East and Commerce Court South are glass and applied masonry structures also by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners with Page and Steele in 1972. In 1994, Zeidler Partnership Architects was commissioned to renovate the Commerce Court urban plaza, the area at the base of Commerce Court West. There are 65 retails shops in the plaza below the complex, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce sold the complex in April,2000, now managed by GWL Realty Advisors, but the head office of the bank remains the anchor tenant. On Wednesday, January 9,2008, a portion of a CIBC sign at the top of the Commerce Court West building blew off as a result of wind gusts, police cordoned off the area as a precaution. As a result, Bay St. from Front to Richmond, Toronto Transit Commission service was diverted. This took place eight months after a piece of white marble panel fell from the 60th storey of the First Canadian Place building, the sculptures were installed on site in 2005 on loan from the L. L. Odette Foundation of Windsor, Ontario. In popular culture, the plaza was used as a stand-in for Wall Street in a pair of Kids In The Hall sketches featuring Mr. Tyzik, the Headcrusher
31.
Toronto-Dominion Centre
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The Toronto-Dominion Centre, or TD Centre, is a cluster of buildings in downtown Toronto, Ontario, owned by Cadillac Fairview. It has six towers and a pavilion covered in bronze-tinted glass and it serves as the global headquarters of the Toronto-Dominion Bank, and provides office and retail space for many other businesses. About 21,000 people work in the complex, making it the largest in Canada, the project was the inspiration of Allen Lambert, former President and Chairman of the Board of the Toronto-Dominion Bank. Phyllis Lambert recommended Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as design consultant to the architects, Parkin and Associates and Bregman + Hamann, and the Fairview Corporation as the developer. The towers were completed between 1967 and 1991, an additional building was built outside the campus and purchased in 1998. The light as it moves across the surfaces, playing the mullions like stringed instruments. The height of each of Miess two towers is proportioned to its width and depth, though they, as well as based on his style, are of different heights. On the topmost accessible floor of the Toronto-Dominion Bank Tower was an indoor observation platform. As the tower was, when completed, the tallest in the city and this floor has since been converted to leased office space. On the level below is a restaurant on the south side, the Ernst & Young Tower contains in its base the former Toronto Stock Exchange building, built in 1937. The new edifice deviates from the strict Miesian aesthetic of all the towers to accommodate the Art Deco facade of the older building within its own. The banking pavilion is a structure housing the main branch of the bank. The TD Centre pavilion was described by The Globe and Mail as among the best spaces Mies ever made, the banking pavilions living roof, was installed as part of Cadillac Fairviews goal of having the entire complex LEED-certified by 2013. It is intended to protect the building from solar-heat gain. Even signage graphics were restricted to only white backlit letters within a black aluminium panel, gordon Bunshaft, then chief designer of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, was hired by the consortium. Phyllis Lambert objected to this submission, seeing it as too radical, even in a milder climate, it would have been problematic. Bunshaft, due to his refusal to redesign, was relieved of his commission and this left John Parkin, the local architect who would have worked with the American Bunshaft, to design Toronto-Dominion Centre. His firm put forward a model showing a 100-storey, all-concrete tower—to be the largest in the Commonwealth—standing over a plaza with a courtyard containing a circular banking pavilion
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Bay Adelaide Centre
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The Bay Adelaide Centre is an office complex in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first phase, a 51-storey skyscraper known as Bay Adelaide West, was completed in July 2009, the second phase, the 44-storey Bay Adelaide East, was completed in October 2016. A third tower, Bay Adelaide North, is planned, upon completion, the Bay Adelaide Centre will consist of three towers. The first tower, Bay Adelaide West, was completed in 2009 with an area of 108,000 square metres. It is located on the northeast corner of Bay Street and Adelaide Street West, the lobby of the building contains an integrated light art piece by James Turrell. The second tower, Bay Adelaide East, is under construction, and will have an area of 91,045 square metres. Located mid-block between Adelaide Street West and Temperance Street, the tower will have a 6-storey podium extending to the northwest corner of Yonge Street and Adelaide Street West. The future Bay Adelaide North is anticipated to have an area of approximately 46,450 square metres. Unlike the two towers in the complex, the north tower will be located on the north side of Temperance Street. The Bay Adelaide North site is occupied by a one-storey elevator lobby which provides access to the underground concourse. The towers of the Bay Adelaide Centre are connected by a concourse, which extends under Temperance Street. The underground concourse has PATH connections to Scotia Plaza to the south, there is also a four-level underground garage under the complex, with vehicular access from both Adelaide Street West and Richmond Street West. There is a 0. 2-hectare public space, Arnell Plaza, although Arnell Plaza is privately owned, public access has been legally secured by the City of Toronto. The first tower development on the site was a joint project by Markborough Properties and TrizecHahn, the building caused considerable controversy among those opposed to the erection of such massive structures. The tower would have far higher than was allowed by the citys official plan. To gain city halls approval, the developers committed some $80 million towards new social housing, a portion of the site was turned over to the city for use as a park that is now Cloud Gardens. Both of these deals went ahead, despite the tower never having been completed, construction began in 1990, but the developers soon ran into problems. The economy went into recession and office vacancy rates in Toronto rose to 20%, construction was halted, and in 1993, with over $500 million already invested, the project was permanently put on hold
33.
Shangri-La Toronto
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Shangri-La Toronto is a hotel in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by James K. M. Cheng and was built by Westbank Projects Corporation and it is 214 meters tall, and was one of the ten tallest buildings in Toronto. The hotel component is run by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts and is planned to have 202 guest rooms, the condominium portion occupies the upper floors of the building and consist of 353 units. Excavation of the started in 2008, and work on the parking garage began in early 2009. Shangri-La Toronto is located on University Avenue and Adelaide Street, in an area just west of the Financial District that has rapid growth in recent years. The site was home to a number of smaller structures. The Bishops Block was built in the 1830s by John Bishop who built a series of Georgian row houses on the site, most of the buildings were eventually torn down and replaced with a large parking lot. The one exception a structure that served as one of the citys first hotels and then for decades as a pub, the Pretzel Bell Tavern. It too was abandoned for decades, but as a heritage structure was not torn down. This building was disassembled for the construction of Shangri-La Hotel, Toronto but the developers had pledged to rebuild, prior to excavation the site was the subject to several months of archaeological exploration, and many artifacts from the citys early history were found. Shangri-La Hotel, Toronto was the second deepest excavation for a building in Canadas history at 102 ft and this was done to create an 8 level below grade parking garage. List of tallest buildings in Canada List of tallest buildings in Toronto Gray Jeff, Hotel-condo complex gets committee nod The Globe and Mail Hume, brief window into the past, Archeologists have 4 months to excavate a former upscale neighbourhood before another is built
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Ritz-Carlton Toronto
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The Ritz-Carlton Toronto is a hotel and luxury condominium skyscraper in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At 209.8 m, it is Torontos ninth tallest building and it is located at 181 Wellington Street West, on the western edge of the downtown core and bordering Torontos entertainment district. The hotel opened on 16 February 2011, the 53-story tower is approximately 210 m with a total floor area of 65,030 m2. The exterior consists of an outwardly sloped Neomodern glass facade, giving it a distinctive profile on Torontos skyline, the interior includes 263 hotel rooms as well as 159 Ritz-Carlton managed condominiums. The hotel occupies the lower 20 floors, floors 21 and 22 are used for condominium amenities and some residences, the penthouse suite occupies the entire 52nd floor, while the 53rd floor houses building mechanical equipment. The skyscraper includes a 2,100 m2 spa, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Ritz-Carlton Hotels Official Site Ritz-Carlton Toronto Review Ritz-Carlton Toronto on urbandb. com
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Four Seasons Hotel and Residences Toronto
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Located at 60 Yorkville Avenue, at its intersection with Bay Street, the complex is one block east of the previous Four Seasons Hotel Toronto at 21 Avenue Road. The complex was designed by Peter Clewes of architectsAlliance, and developed by Menkes Development Inc, the taller tower is the 10th tallest building in Toronto, but by 2015 its position fell to 15th as other taller buildings were completed. The location had previously been the Bay Ford Lincoln dealership and next door to Toronto Fire Services Station 312, the penthouse, which claims the entire 55th-floor of the West Residence, sold for C$28 million, and is the most expensive condominium sold in Canada. The 55-floor complex contains 259 hotel rooms and 210 private condo suites and it offers a two-storey spa, Café Boulud and bar by international restaurateur and Chef Daniel Boulud, and glass-enclosed event spaces. It was designed by architectsAlliance, with Page and Steele as Architect of Record, the project was developed by Bay-Yorkville Developments Ltd. a joint venture of Alcion Ventures, LP, Menkes Developments and Lifetime Homes, and uses the Four Seasons trademark under licence. Before the ribbon cutting ceremony, Four Seasons chairman and founder Isadore Sharp proclaimed of the new location as. in a category by itself and it is a landmark development for the city of Toronto. There have been several previous Four Seasons properties at other locations in Toronto, the first Four Seasons-operated hotel in Toronto was the Four Seasons Motor Hotel, opened in 1961 at 415 Jarvis Street near Carlton. Built by architect Peter Dickinson, it operated as an inn before it was demolished and replaced by townhouses. The next hotel operated by Four Seasons was the Inn on the Park and it was built in 1972 as the Hyatt Regency Toronto, then it changed ownership and was renamed Four Seasons Hotel Toronto in 1978. It was closed on March 28,2012, the structure was sold to developer Camrost-Felcorp and converted to The New Residences of Yorkville Plaza. The hotels facade was renovated with glass balconies, while the existing podium containing the driveway. The 21 Avenue Road location was popular with celebrities when the Toronto International Film Festival was centred on the Yorkville area, however Four Seasons chairman and founder Isadore Sharp said that 21 Avenue Road location “felt like driving into a garage
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Maple Leaf Square
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Maple Leaf Square is a multi-use complex and public square located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located to the west of the Air Canada Centre in Downtown Toronto in the former Railway Lands, the $500 million development was jointly developed by Cadillac Fairview, Lanterra and Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, who owns the nearby Air Canada Centre. The complex has 1,800,000 square feet of usable space covering 2.1 acres on one city block, the name of the square and complex is Maple Leaf Square, after the Toronto Maple Leafs that play in the Air Canada Centre next to the square. After public uproar to the rename, five days later, MLSE said that reports were premature and unfounded. Instead, they announced that the square would be branded as the Ford Fan Zone at Maple Leaf Square due to a sponsorship deal with Ford Canada. Construction on the began in January 2007. For residents, there is a garden and swimming pool. The development was designed to achieve LEED Silver status for the projects environmental sustainability, the building partly served as inspiration for HarborCenter, a multi-use building built near First Niagara Center in Buffalo, New York by Buffalo Sabres and Buffalo Bills owner Terrence Pegula. The similarity is most noticeable in the design of the restaurant, HarborCenters 716 Food and Sport was largely based on Maple Leaf Squares Real Sports Bar, the public square has a capacity of 5,000 people, which hosts pre-game gatherings and other sports-related events. In conjunction with the project, the Air Canada Centre itself on the side of Maple Leaf Square was renovated, the renovations included an 20, 000-square-foot atrium addition to the west side of the arena which abuts the plaza. The outside wall of the features a 50 by 80-foot video screen overlooking the plaza which was inspired by similar plazas at L. A. Live in Los Angeles, and Victory Park in Dallas, games going on inside the arena are often displayed live on the outdoor screen. The public square holds special outdoor viewings of playoff games by the Toronto Maple Leafs, Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment, who owns both franchises, puts concession and merchandise stands on the square during said occasions. The presence of Raptors fans in the square during their 2015 and 2016 playoff runs have led the square to be nicknamed Jurassic Park, List of tallest buildings in Canada List of tallest buildings in Toronto Official website Maple Leaf Square Condos Photos of the project Photos of the Building
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RBC Centre
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RBC Centre, also known as the RBC Dexia Building, is an office tower in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Unlike the corporate offices of other Canadian financial institutions, the RBC Centre is located outside of Torontos Financial District and it has been owned and managed by Cadillac Fairview Corporation jointly with the Ontario Pension Board since 2012. The building is connected to the PATH, the anchor tenant of RBC Centre is the Royal Bank of Canada. In 2011, Toronto Star architecture critic Christopher Hume named the RBC Centre and he praised their integration into the community, and how they have revived Wellington Street. List of tallest buildings in Canada List of tallest buildings in Toronto RBC Centre official website
38.
Royal Bank Plaza
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Royal Bank Plaza in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is the de facto headquarters of the Royal Bank of Canada. The building shares with the Fairmont Royal York Hotel the block in Torontos financial district bordered by Bay, Front, York and it is owned by the real estate firm Oxford Properties, which also maintains its headquarters there. The South Tower, a skyscraper, is the taller of the two at 180 m, the North Tower has a height of 112 m, the structures each have a triangular footprint and sit on opposing corners of the square site. The exteriors of the structures are covered with gold-bronze glass with tan granite accents. Together, both contain more than 14,000 windows which project from the facade to form angular bays set into brushed aluminum frames. Six bays are grouped between piers which are covered in the same glass, the upper stories are recessed and contain three larger angled-bays between the piers. The double-height entry is recessed from the facade and covered in dark-tinted glass set into dark aluminum frames. The glass for the body of the building was manufactured by Canadian Pittsburgh Industries and was coloured using 2,500 oz of gold, the concourse merchants mall and tower lobbies underwent extensive renovations between 2005 and 2007. The building was constructed with a large atrium above the main banking hall that linked the two towers, but in the 1990s a trading floor was added, closing the open space, Oxford Properties Royal Bank of Canada Norton Rose Fulbright Vale S. A
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One King Street West
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One King Street West or 1 King West is a condo hotel in the financial district in Toronto. Completed in 2006, a tower was added onto the heritage Dominion Bank Building, the Dominion Bank Building was designed by Darling and Pearson in the Beaux-Arts style with Renaissance Revival detailing. The condo tower stands at 51 storeys or 176 metres, stanford Downey Architect Inc. were the architects involved in the renovation. The building offers 500 suites, as well as a 2-storey penthouse, rooms are either in the new tower, or in the historical building forming the base of the complex. The building was originally a bank, the Grand Banking Hall is a magnificent example of early 20th-century classicism with ornate detailing including stately Corinthian columns and towering windows. It has been converted into a meeting room with a bar. The historic vault in the basement can be used for meetings or meals. Each suite in the hotel is owned, but the profits are shared amongst suite owners who have placed their suites in the hotel pool. Similar projects are usually seen in resort towns, the individual owners of the units in the building financed the purchase of the common assets of the hotel and now control the company that manages the hotel operations. Recent upgrades include converting several suites to have two beds instead of just king beds so that the hotel can be appealing to group bookings. The investors in 1 King West were involved in a dispute over property tax assessments for their units, as rather than being taxed at residential rates, they are being taxed at commercial hotel rates. This dispute has been resolved and now units are taxed at rates, but are valued also as commercial properties.8 million dispute with David Mirvish. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada One King West Hotel & Residence–official hotel and condominium website History of One King Street West at onekingwest. com
40.
Manulife Centre
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The Manulife Centre is located on the southeast corner of Bay and Bloor streets, along the Mink Mile and adjacent to the southern edge of the Yorkville district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It consists of a 51-storey 800-suite luxury residential tower at 44 Charles Street, designed by the Toronto architectural firm of Clifford and Lawrie Architects, construction began in 1972 and was completed in 1974. It was developed and built for Manulife Financial, the current owners, early retail tenants at the Manulife Centre included Brettons department store, Creeds, Harridges, and other luxury tenants. Over time, these three large retailers went bankrupt and closed, today the retail portion of Manulife Centre serves the local population, and includes Birks, Indigo Books, and William Ashley fine china. Bay Bloor Radio, which was founded in 1946, moved into the Manulife Centre when it opened, an underground tunnel connects the basement level of the shopping concourse to Holt Renfrew at 50 Bloor St West on the north side of Bloor. Underground tunnels from the Manulife Centre provide access to Torontos busiest subway station Bloor, the One Eighty which is on the top of the Manulife Centre. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Manulife Centre - SHOPPING Manulife Place - LIVING
41.
Pinnacle Centre
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Pinnacle Centre is a condominium tower complex in Toronto, Ontario. The complex consists of four located on former railway lands on the Toronto waterfront. It is one of a number of new projects in the area. The Pinnacle Centre site is bounded by Yonge Street to the east, Harbourfront to the south, Bay Street to the west, and it is built by Vancouver−based Pinnacle International. It has 1,880 residences on approximately 3.8 acres of land, the complex consists of four towers, Pinnacle A16 Yonge St. Floors -40 Height - 124m Units -501 Largest Suite -131. 55m² Smallest Suite -47. 29m² Completed in 2006, Floors -29 Height - 92m Units -298 Largest Suite -117. 62m² Smallest Suite -47. 29m² Completed in 2007. The Success Tower, Condominium -41,806. 37m² Floors -53 Floors -5 Height -157. 4m Units -446 Largest Suite -104. 52m² Smallest Suite -46. 45m² Number of Residential Suites -491. 33 Bay Street, Floors -51 Floors -2 Height - 135m Number of Residential Suites -634 Largest Residential Suite -117. 62m² Smallest Residential Suite -47. 29m², also known as Pinnacle D, began construction in 2008 and was completed in October 2011. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Official site Emporis - Pinnacle Centre
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The Uptown Residences
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The Uptown Residences is a condominium tower built by developer Pemberton Group in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located at 35 Balmuto Street south of Bloor Street, the 48 floor tower is 158 metres tall and has 284 units and it stands on the site of the former Uptown Theatre and was designed by Burka Varacalli Architects Incorporated. While its setbacks evoke Art Deco skyscraper architecture of the 1930s, its facade of precast concrete cladding and it appears starkly simple, without contrasting elements. Its crown is a box form without a spire. The amenities include a 24 hr
43.
Minto Midtown
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The Minto Midtown is a residential complex on Yonge Street in Toronto in the Davisville neighbourhood near Yonge and Eglinton. The complex consists of two towers, Quantum South and Quantum North and it was developed by Minto Developments Inc. Quantum I South is 37 stories tall with a structural height of 118 m and was completed in 2007. Quantum II North is 54 stories tall with a structural height of 160 m. The initial conceptual design was done by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Zeidler Partnership Architects developed the design, the construction of the towers, the tallest in the neighbourhood, was controversial. Minto reached an agreement with city council, after reducing the height by several storeys, the buildings still sparked strong response from a community group named the North Toronto Tenants Network, who appealed the decision to the Ontario Municipal Board. The OMB ruled in favour of Minto, the debate over the towers proved central in the 2003 municipal election. Incumbent city councillor Anne Johnston had helped broker the compromise that approved the towers and she was opposed by Karen Stintz, who took a strong stand against the development and intensification. In a result that many, longtime incumbent Johnston lost by 2,321 votes. Quantum South was completed in July 2007, Quantum North was completed in October 2008 and this development has achieved Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Gold certification, making it the largest multi-residential LEED certified condominium in North America in 2009. List of tallest buildings in Toronto Minto Midtown - Emporis Quantum - Emporis Quantum 2 - Emporis
44.
TIFF Bell Lightbox
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TIFF Bell Lightbox is a cultural centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located in the first five floors of the Bell Lightbox and Festival Tower on the north west corner of King Street and John Street. It is the headquarters for the Toronto International Film Festival, TIFF Bell Lightbox opened in 2010. It is the headquarters for the Toronto International Film Festival, the entrance for the structures 46-storey tower of condominiums is on John Street, set back from the much smaller 19th-century buildings along King Street. TIFF Bell Lightbox cinema complex, the Toronto International Film Festival offices, a ground-floor restaurant, TIFF Bell Lightbox is a five-storey structure that features five cinemas, two restaurants, major exhibitions and galleries, a gift shop, rooftop terrace, and learning studios. The five-screen cinema complex also includes a reference library, galleries. During construction, crews found artifacts belonging to York General Hospital which was located on the site in 1829, the podium is a five-storey complex that forms the base of the Bell Lightbox and Festival Tower. The theatres present specially-curated programming, as well as new releases. Some of the films presented tie-in with exhibitions, and retrospectives of actors or filmmakers, the extensive reference library and archives of film, which is open to the public, includes publications and archival movies, as well as research and study space. Since 2010, TIFF Bell Lightbox has been the home of the festival, future plans include a Cinema Tower on the north side on the block, which will contain five additional theatres. The area also includes prominent venues for the festival, such as Roy Thomson Hall, the complex opened officially on September 12,2010 with a block party. Bruce McDonalds Trigger was the first film screened at the theatre, the galleries host exhibitions related to film and art history. The fourth floor gallery is free to the public, while the main gallery on the first level hosts large paid exhibitions. TIFF is a organization that generates an annual economic impact of $189 million CAD. Festival Tower was developed by The Daniels Corporation and designed by Toronto-based architectural firm Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects, TIFF Bell Lightbox is the home of the Toronto International Film Festival, while Festival Tower contains condominium residences. The project was conceived in partnership by the Toronto International Film Festival Group, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Official website
45.
CityPlace, Toronto
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CityPlace is a neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Canada, within the former Railway Lands. When completed, this area will be the largest residential development ever created in Toronto, the area is bordered by Bathurst Street to the west, Lake Shore Boulevard to the south, and Front Street to the north and Blue Jays Way and the Rogers Centre to the east. Cityplace is also a 5- to 10-minute walk from King Street West and Liberty Village, the neighbourhood is also home to the Canoe Landing Park designed by famed Canadian writer and artist Douglas Coupland. Further development took place in the 1980s, with the 1984 completion of the Metro Toronto Convention Centre drawing new attention to the area. With the arrival of new visitors and development of new commercial draws, work commenced after the demolition of the last railway buildings with the construction of SkyDome, which was completed in 1989. At the same time, a new network of roads, parks, the final portion of CityPlace to be developed is Block 31. Initially, the proposal for Block 31 included a 42-storey mixed-use tower and it was criticized for the shadows it would cast over nearby amenity spaces and the sites adjoining Canoe Landing Park, as well as the views it would partially obstruct. Following a round of consultations in early 2015, the new schematic design for Block 31 was revealed. It will include two schools and a new community centre, Toronto District School Board and the Toronto Catholic District School Board have both been designated to use the new space. The shared school building will seek to maximize efficiency, with a common gym. Block 31s design attempts to maximize available green space, with an articulated green roof spanning the complexs footprint. The 150,000 square foot complex is expected to cost $55 million to construct, the current CityPlace development was conceived by Concord Adex Developments, the same company that helped revitalize a large section of former Expo 86 lands in Vancouver. Project size,18 hectares including an 8-hectare community park, residential development is divided into 10 street blocks, numbered from 1 to 10. Each street block contains a number of towers with its own sets of common facilities. Block 1 was developed first with 4 towers, namely Matrix A/B and Apex C/D, the street block features buildings directly facing the entertainment district and the closest walk to the Financial District. Block 2 features 1 building only, directly behind the Rogers Centre and it features a heightened privacy comparing to the other interconnected towers. Block 3 is the largest street block in the entire CityPlace complex, with 4 towers, the project was named Harbour View Estates and was completed in 2006. Block 4 features 2 towers and a mid-rise, mirroring the Harbour View Estates both in location and in design, the buildings are named as WestOne, N1/N2 and The Gallery, was completed by October 2007
