Earlville is a village in New York state bisected by two counties: Madison County and Chenango County, United States. The population was 774 as per the 2020 Decennial census, a decrease from the 872 reported in the 2010 census. The village is named after Jonas Earl, a canal commissioner.

Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,016. Its county seat is Wampsville. The county is named after James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, and was first formed in 1806. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.