1.
Single (music)
–
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
Single (music)
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45
rpm single record
2.
Gwen Stefani
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Gwen Renée Stefani is an American singer, songwriter, and fashion designer. During the bands hiatus, Stefani embarked on a pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was met both critical and commercial success. It spawned three successful singles, What You Waiting For. Rich Girl, and Hollaback Girl, the reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006 Stefani released her studio album The Sweet Escape. The album produced two singles, Wind It Up and the albums title track The Sweet Escape. Her third solo album This Is What the Truth Feels Like was released in March 2016, Stefani has won three Grammy Awards. As a solo artist she has received accolades, including an American Music Award, Brit Award, World Music Award. In 2003, she debuted her clothing line L. A. M. B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line, drawing inspiration from Japanese culture, Stefani performs and makes public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls. She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2015, Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000–09 decade. VH1 ranked her 13th on their 100 Greatest Women in Music list in 2012, including her work with No Doubt, Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. Stefani was born on October 3,1969, in Fullerton, California and she was named after a stewardess in the 1968 novel Airport, and her middle name, Renée, comes from The Four Tops 1968 cover of The Left Bankes 1966 song Walk Away Renée. Her father, Dennis Stefani, is Italian American and worked as a Yamaha marketing executive and her mother, Patti, worked as an accountant before becoming a housewife. Gwens parents were fans of music and exposed her to music by artists like Bob Dylan. She has two siblings, Jill and Todd, and an older brother named Eric. Eric was the keyboardist for No Doubt before leaving the band to pursue a career in animation on The Simpsons. Her brother Eric introduced Gwen to 2 Tone music by Madness and The Selecter and, in 1986, he invited her to provide vocals for No Doubt, finally, in 1991, the band was signed to Interscope Records
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani at the
2011 Cannes Film Festival
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani performing with No Doubt at
Voodoo 2002
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani performing during the
Harajuku Lovers Tour in 2005
Gwen Stefani
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Stefani performing during
The Sweet Escape Tour in 2007
3.
The Sweet Escape
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The Sweet Escape is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani, released on December 1,2006 by Interscope Records. Having originally intended to return to No Doubt after her solo album. Stefani decided to record an album as a way to release some of the material left over from the Love. The album musically resembles its predecessor while exploring more modern pop sounds and it was released to generally mixed reviews from contemporary music critics, receiving criticism for its strong similarities to Love. It was preceded by the lead single Wind It Up, which charted moderately across the world, and produced the follow-up single The Sweet Escape, which proved more successful worldwide. The Sweet Escape reached the top five in the United States, Canada, the albums supporting tour, The Sweet Escape Tour, kicked off in April 2007, covering North America, Colombia, Australia, Asia, and Europe. Following the release of her debut album Love, Stefani announced that she had intended to return to No Doubt and record a sixth studio album with the band. After the commercial success of L. A. M. B and she decided to release several leftover tracks from the album as an EP or as extra tracks on a DVD. However, Pharrell Williams, with whom she had collaborated to write Hollaback Girl, part two, and the two recorded several songs during sessions in Miami in July 2005. A. M. B. She included performances of Wind It Up and Orange County Girl when she embarked on the Harajuku Lovers Tour in October 2005, Stefani put the project on hold in December 2005 when she discovered that she was pregnant, before returning to the studio in August 2006. The albums working title was Candyland, sharing its name with a track that has only been looped via her fashion show soundtrack. The title was changed to The Sweet Escape, the title of the second track, the album cover was taken by photographer Jill Greenberg. The image was part of a series of images taken by Greenberg. To create End Times, Greenberg gave lollipops to toddlers but took them back after several moments, Greenberg used the images as a representation of American politics and society. Greenberg was accused of abuse for the photo shoots, Stefani, however, commented, I didnt think child abuse—I just thought. Every kid cries Other people reacted like, Oh my God, Thats so disturbing, or Thats so sad. I guess thats what arts all about and its supposed to make you think. Stefanis appearance on the cover is inspired by that of Elvira Hancock
The Sweet Escape
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Stefani performing "Wind It Up" during the
Sweet Escape Tour
The Sweet Escape
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The Sweet Escape
The Sweet Escape
4.
CD single
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This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
CD single
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Hansons "
Give a Little " as promo-CD-single.
5.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
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Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
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The name London may derive from the
River Thames
6.
Synthpop
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Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
Synthpop
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The
Prophet-5, one of the first
polyphonic synthesizers. It was widely used in 1980s synthpop, along with the
Roland Jupiter and
Yamaha DX7.
Synthpop
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Kraftwerk, one of the major influences on synthpop, in 1976.
Synthpop
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Yellow Magic Orchestra in 2008.
Synthpop
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Gary Numan performing in 1980
7.
Interscope Records
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Interscope Records is an American record company. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff and it had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. In 1992, Interscope acquired the rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row. Albums by Death Row artists included rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, as a result, Time Warner severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million, Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014. He was succeeded by John Janick, Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The labels best-selling artists include U2, Eminem, Lady Gaga, in 1989, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company, Interscope Communications. To run it, he hired John McClain, who had played a role in Janet Jacksons success at A&M Records, and Tom Whalley. Separately, Iovine, who had produced records by U2, Bruce Springsteen, I thought, Music is going to change, Iovine said in 1997. Young bands arent going to be asking for me, but I love working with the new thing. I always liked the part of the business thats the first time you hear something, Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2s manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, in a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote, Interscopes start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution, based in Westwood, California, Interscope was run by music men. It was a departure from the industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have creative control. Interscopes first release was Rico Suave by Ecuadoran rapper Gerardo in December 1990, Primus Interscope debut was released in May, followed by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunchs Music for the People in July. It included the #1 single Good Vibrations, two days after first hearing his demo, Whalley signed Tupac Shakur, and in November 1991, Interscope released 2pacalypse Now, Shakurs studio debut. Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre in 1992
Interscope Records
–
Interscope Records
8.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
Songwriter
–
Songwriter and singer
Chris de Burgh.
9.
Tim Rice-Oxley
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Timothy James Tim Rice-Oxley, is a musician, producer, singer and multi-instrumentalist, best known for being the keyboardist, singer and songwriter of the British pop rock band Keane. In 2010, Rice-Oxley formed a side-project, Mt. Desolation, timothy James Rice-Oxley was born in Oxford, England to Charles Patrick and Margaret Rice-Oxley. He had piano lessons when he was a teenager but admitted to hating them, after his parents stopped his lessons, Rice-Oxley developed a liking for piano and so taught himself how to play, mainly because of The Beatles. In 2006, Rice-Oxley co-wrote the songs Early Winter, and The Girl Inside on Gwen Stefanis second solo album, Early Winter has been performed by Keane live. The song Perfect Symmetry from the album of the name is considered by Chaplin to be one of the best Rice-Oxley has written. In 2009, he co-wrote the song Everything Is Beautiful for Kylie Minogues eleventh studio album, Rice-Oxley composed all the songs for the side-project Mt. Desolation with Jesse Quin in 2010. That same year Rice-Oxley provided the vocal in Keane for the first time on the song Your Love. In 2013, he co-wrote the song Jump with Gary Barlow for the solo album. Mt. Desolation is an alt-country side-project that Rice-Oxley formed with bassist Jesse Quin, the band also consists of members of Mumford & Sons, The Killers and The Staves. Mt. Desolation released their first eponymous album on 18 October 2010. The band toured the UK and Ireland in September 2010 and the US, Rice-Oxley lives in Polegate, East Sussex. Rice-Oxley built Sea Fog Studio at his home near Alfriston, East Sussex, the studio is so-called as it was named after the song Sea Fog from Keanes album Strangeland. Strangeland was recorded at the studio, Rice-Oxley has cited his musical influences as Depeche Mode, U2, The Smiths, Simple Minds, Blondie, among others. Rice-Oxley won an Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year in May 2005
Tim Rice-Oxley
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Tim Rice-Oxley
Tim Rice-Oxley
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Tim Rice-Oxley playing his Yamaha CP-70 alongside drummer
Richard Hughes during the January 2005
Tsunami Relief Cardiff concert
10.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
Record producer
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Alan Parsons in an
ESO 50th anniversary video.
Record producer
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A
Danish recording session
Record producer
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Mixing Console
11.
Spike Stent
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Stent grew up in Hampshire, England and first gained experience as an engineer at Jacob Studios as a teenager before a two-year stint at Trident Studios. After Trident, Stent worked out of Olympic Studios in Barnes, Olympic Studios was built as part of a joint venture between himself and EMI. While at Olympic, Stent worked with such as Massive Attack, Bjork, Madonna, U2, Keane. Stent currently works out of two studios, Mix Suite LA in EastWest Studios and Mix Suite UK
Spike Stent
–
Spike Stent
12.
Now That You Got It
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Now That You Got It is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her second solo studio album, The Sweet Escape. Stefani co-wrote the song with its producers Sean Garrett and Swizz Beatz, Now That You Got It is a reggae song featuring hip hop beats, stacatto piano sample and military snare drums. Lyrically, the song places Gwen asking her lover to give all that she wants, a remix featuring Damian Marley was produced for the songs release as the albums fourth single on August 27,2007 by Interscope Records. The original solo version received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising its catchiness. However, the version was more praised, being called a laid back. Commercially, the single experienced very little success, reaching the top-forty in six countries, while failing to gain impact in the United States, the songs music video was directed by The Saline Project and was shot in Puerto Rico and Jamaica, featuring Stefani and the Harajuku Girls. The song was performed during The Sweet Escape Tour, before going on tour with her Harajuku Lovers Tour, Stefani revealed that she was going to release a second album in 2006, stating, I have a bunch of leftover tracks from making Love. And two months ago, Pharrell called me up, he was like, Come down to Miami, I went down there and wrote four songs and played three of them tonight. In September 2006, during the Fashion Week, MTV News interviewed Swizz Beatz and he said to be working with Stefani as well, claiming, I love her background for music. She likes a lot of Caribbean sounds with hard beats and they worked on Now That You Got It, which was selected to be the fourth single from The Sweet Escape. For the single version, Stefani enlisted Damien Marley, son of Jamaican reggae musician Bob Marley and it was released to mainstream radio in the United States, on August 26,2007, while in the United Kingdom, it was released on October 15,2007. Two remixes were included on the CD single, both featuring Marley, Now That You Got It was written by Gwen Stefani, Sean Garrett and Swizz Beatz, with production being done by the latter two, Garrett also provided background vocals. The single version of the features a loping hip-hop beat. It also presents elements of music and military snare drums mixed with crunk militarism. Lyrically, on Now That You Got It, the singer tells her lover that even though he is with her, he still has to work hard to keep her, Now that you got it, what you gon do about it. She repeatedly asks in the chorus, Now That You Got It received mixed reviews from music critics. Norman Mayers of Prefix Magazine praised Swizz Beatz for coming up with the most likely heir to the Hollaback crown, with the bumping chants and boasting raps. However, Alex Miller of the NME characterized it as a track so desperate to be a banger, its fraying tapestry of hand-claps, sirens
Now That You Got It
–
Stefani performing "Now That You Got It" on
The Sweet Escape Tour
Now That You Got It
–
"Now That You Got It"
13.
Glycerine (song)
–
Glycerine is a song by English band Bush. It was released in November 1995 as the single from their debut album. The song is in the key of F major, the chord progression is F5, C5, D5, and B♭5 throughout the whole song with various ornamental embellishments. Glycerine was recorded on 7 November 1995 at River Studios, London, the music video for Glycerine was notable for being shot in a very short time period when the band was on tour in the United States. The video was shot so quickly because the bands visas had expired, the music video was directed by Kevin Kerslake and shot in Atlanta, Georgia on 2 October 1995. Glycerine Solomons Bones Alien Following the albums single, Comedown. Like Comedown, it reached number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart for two weeks, in December 1995 and it is also the bands biggest pop hit to date, peaking at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 24 February 1996. The song won the Viewers Choice Award at the 1996 MTV Music Video Awards, the song was voted number 5 on the Australian annual music poll Triple J Hottest 100 in 1996. The single was never released on an album, as both Stefani and Bush were not working on any new material, after its release, the live version received moderate success in the United States. On the Billboard Alternative Digital Singles chart, Glycerine peaked at number 16, whereas on the Billboard Rock Digital Singles, Glycerine Official music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Glycerine (song)
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"Glycerine"
14.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
New wave music
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Blondie, 1976. L–R: Gary Valentine, Clem Burke, Deborah Harry, Chris Stein and Jimmy Destri.
New wave music
–
Talking Heads performing in Toronto in 1978.
New wave music
–
Duran Duran in 1981. Top line: Nick Rhodes (keyboards), Simon Le Bon (vocals); Middle: John Taylor (bass); Bottom line: Roger Taylor (drums), Andy Taylor (guitar)
New wave music
–
Elvis Costello, in Massey Hall, Toronto, April 1979
15.
Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
Alternative rock
–
One of the first popular alternative rock bands,
R.E.M. relied on
college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.
Alternative rock
–
Kim Gordon and
Thurston Moore of
Sonic Youth
Alternative rock
–
Robert Smith of
The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative,
gothic rock, and
college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".
Alternative rock
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and
Krist Novoselic with
Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.
16.
Keane (band)
–
Keane are an English pop rock band from Battle, East Sussex, formed in 1995. The band currently comprises Tom Chaplin, Tim Rice-Oxley, Richard Hughes and their original line-up included founder and guitarist Dominic Scott, who left in 2001. Keane achieved mainstream, international success with the release of their album, Hopes and Fears. Topping the UK charts, the won the 2005 Brit Award for Best British Album and was the second best-selling British album of 2004. Their second album, Under the Iron Sea, released in 2006, topped the UK album charts and their third album, Perfect Symmetry, was released in October 2008. In 2009, Hopes and Fears was listed as the ninth best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the UK and their EP, Night Train, was released in May 2010. Their fourth studio album, Strangeland, was released in May 2012, Keane are known for using a piano as the lead instrument instead of guitars, differentiating them from most other rock bands. The inclusion of a piano effect in 2006 and various synthesisers were a common feature in their music which developed on the second. Keane have sold over 10 million records worldwide, Tom Chaplin and Tim Rice-Oxley became friends when very young. Chaplins father David was the headmaster of Vinehall School in Robertsbridge, East Sussex, for 25 years and they later attended Tonbridge School in Kent, where Rice-Oxley met Dominic Scott, both of them discovered rapidly their liking for music. Richard Hughes, Keanes future drummer, also attended Tonbridge, Chaplin had also learned to play the flute but none of them considered music as a proper career at the time. In 1993, while studying at University College London for a degree in classics, Rice-Oxley formed a band with Scott. The band, named Lotus Eaters, started as a band, playing songs by the members favourite bands, including U2, Oasis, and The Beatles. After listening to Rice-Oxleys piano playing during a weekend at Virginia Water, Surrey in 1997, however, Rice-Oxley declined because he did not want to leave The Lotus Eaters, stating, I was seriously interested, but Keane were already operational and Coldplays keyboard player idea was dropped. Chaplins recruitment also marked a change of name from The Lotus Eaters to Cherry Keane, after a friend of Chaplins mother and she took care of them and would tell them to go for their dreams. At her death from cancer, she had money for Chaplins family. Chaplin commented, I used some of the money to see me through the times with the music. The name was shortened to Keane soon afterward, Chaplin departed for South Africa in the summer of 1997 to work as a volunteer during his gap year
Keane (band)
–
Keane performing live in
Washington, D.C. in 2009. From left to right:
Tim Rice-Oxley,
Jesse Quin,
Tom Chaplin,
Richard Hughes
17.
Gavin Rossdale
–
Gavin McGregor Rossdale is an English musician and actor, known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Bush. He helped form Bush in 1992, upon its separation in 2002, he became the singer and guitarist for Institute. When performing solo, Rossdale plays songs from his musical libraries and he was ranked 75th in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader. In 2013 Rossdale received the British Academys Ivor Novello Award for International Achievement, in 2017, Rossdale became a coach on ITVs The Voice UK. Rossdale was born in Marylebone, London, the son of Barbara Stephan and Douglas Rossdale and his mother was born in Scotland and his father was of Russian Jewish descent, with the familys surname originally being Rosenthal. His parents divorced when he was 11, and he was raised by his father and his mother remarried and moved to Tampa, Florida. Rossdale has a sister, Soraya, and an older sister. His half-sister, Georgina, is a doctor, Rossdale learned to play bass guitar after hanging out with Lorraines boyfriend, who was in a band, but he switched to rhythm guitar. At 17, Rossdale left Westminster School and formed a band called Midnight, in 1991, Rossdale moved to Los Angeles for six months, lived wherever was available in the city, and took whatever part-time jobs he could, including as a production assistant on music video shoots. He then spent some time in New York City before returning to England, where he reconnected with his future manager Dave Dorrell, in 1992, Rossdale formed Future Primitive, its original line-up included Sacha Gervasi, who left to become a filmmaker. The band changed its name to Bush in the summer of 1994, Rossdale has been the lead singer and songwriter for the British post-grunge rock band Bush since its inception. Their debut album, Sixteen Stone, was a commercial success. Almost overnight, Bush went from playing small pubs in London to headlining arenas in the US, however, some critics labelled them as an inferior derivative of bands such as Nirvana and Pixies, and this criticism followed them throughout their career as a band. In particular, Rossdales forced, raspy singing voice and random, stream of lyrics were dismissed by some as an imitation of Nirvanas lead singer. Although the band reached superstar status in the US, they failed to have impact in the UK. The sole exception to this was their single Swallowed, which reached Number 7 on the UK charts, a change in record labels, management and an extended hiatus did not bode well for the band, who unofficially split in 2002. Rossdale performed a song entitled Adrenaline for the soundtrack of the film XXX and this song was also the official theme song for WWEs Unforgiven pay-per-view event in September 2002 and also was The Undertakers Desire/Tribute theme of that same year. He also guest appeared for Blue Man Groups The Current and is featured in its video and this song was used in the ending credits of Terminator 3, Rise of the Machines
Gavin Rossdale
–
Gavin Rossdale at NOVA ROCK 2008
Gavin Rossdale
–
Rossdale married singer
Gwen Stefani in 2002.
18.
Music critics
–
Music journalism is media criticism and reporting about popular music topics, including pop music, rock music, and related styles. Journalists began writing music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on what is now thought of as classical music. An influential English 19th-century music critic, for example, was James William Davison of The Times, the composer Hector Berlioz also wrote reviews and criticisms for the Paris press of the 1830s and 1840s. The 1840s could be considered a point, in that music critics after the 1840s generally were not also practicing musicians. However, counterexamples include Alfred Brendel, Charles Rosen, Paul Hindemith, in the early 1980s, a decline in the quantity of classical criticism began occurring when classical-music criticism visibly started to disappear from the media. Also of concern in classical music journalism was how American reviewers can write about ethnic and folk music from other than their own, such as Indian ragas. The performers be treated as human beings and their music be treated as human activity rather than a mystical or mysterious phenomenon, the review should show an understanding of the musics cultural backgrounds and intentions. A key finding in a 2005 study of journalism in America was that the profile of the average classical music critic is a white, 52-year old male. Demographics indicated that the group was 74% male, 92% white, davis, one of the most respected voices of the craft, said he had been forced out after 26 years. Music writers only started treating pop and rock music seriously in 1964 after the breakthrough of the Beatles, one of the early music magazines in Britain, Melody Maker, complained in 1967 about how newspapers and magazines are continually hammering pop music. Melody Maker magazine advocated the new forms of pop music of the late 1960s, by 1999, the quality press was regularly carrying reviews of popular music gigs and albums, which had a key role in keeping pop in the public eye. As more pop music critics began writing, this had the effect of legitimating pop as an art form, as a result, in the world of pop music criticism, there has tended to be a quick turnover. In the realm of music, as in that of classical music. Frank Zappa declared that, Most rock journalism is people who cant write, interviewing people who cant talk, in the 2000s, online music bloggers began to supplement, and to some degree displace, music journalists in print media. In 2006, Martin Edlund of the New York Sun criticized the trend, arguing that while the Internet has democratized music criticism, slate magazine writer Jody Rosen discussed the 2000s-era trends in pop music criticism in his article The Perils of Poptimism. Rosen noted that much of the debate is centered on a perception that rock critics regard rock as normative … the standard state of popular music … to which everything else is compared. At a 2006 pop critic conference, attendees discussed their guilty pop pleasures, reconsidering musicians and genres which rock critics have dismissed as lightweight. Rosen stated that this new paradigm is called popism — or, more evocatively
Music critics
–
Hector Berlioz, active as a music journalist in
Paris in the 1830s and 1840s.
Music critics
–
US music writer
Robert Christgau was one of the first rock critics in the 1960s.
19.
German Singles Chart
–
The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment
German Singles Chart
–
GfK Entertainment GmbH
20.
Music video
–
A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food, although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by terms including illustrated song, filmed insert, promotional film, promotional clip, promotional video, song video. Music videos use a range of styles of contemporary videomaking techniques, including animation, live action filming, documentaries. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation, music, combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variation it presents to the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the songs lyrics, other music videos may be without a set concept, being merely a filmed version of the songs live performance. Product placement is a technique in music videos, exemplified by the appearance of the Beats Pill in numerous hip hop videos. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B, marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song The Little Lost Child. Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a form of entertainment known as the illustrated song. In 1926, with the arrival of many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers, early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, the Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theaters. Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a short film called St. Louis Blues featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period, soundies, produced and released from 1940 to 1947, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos
Music video
–
Musicals of the 1950s led to short-form music videos
Music video
Music video
–
The Beatles in Help!
Music video
–
Michael Jackson in
Thriller.
21.
Budapest
–
Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary, one of the largest cities in the European Union and sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. It has an area of 525 square kilometres and a population of about 1.8 million within the limits in 2016. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the Danube river with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank, the history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century and their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–1242. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century, following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, the region entered a new age of prosperity, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873. It also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a power that dissolved in 1918. Budapest was the point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945. Budapest is an Alpha- global city, with strengths in arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts the Budapest Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and it is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities Top 100 index. Budapest attracts 4.4 million international tourists per year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world, further famous landmarks include Andrássy Avenue, St. It has around 80 geothermal springs, the worlds largest thermal water system, second largest synagogue. Budapest is home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College, over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the Eötvös Loránd University, Central European University and Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Budapest is the combination of the city names Buda and Pest, One of the first documented occurrences of the combined name Buda-Pest was in 1831 in the book Világ, written by Count István Széchenyi. The origins of the names Buda and Pest are obscure, according to chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name Buda comes from the name of its founder, Bleda, brother of the Hunnic ruler Attila. The theory that Buda was named after a person is also supported by modern scholars, an alternative explanation suggests that Buda derives from the Slavic word вода, voda, a translation of the Latin name Aquincum, which was the main Roman settlement in the region. There are also theories about the origin of the name Pest. One of the states that the word Pest comes from the Roman times. According to another theory, Pest originates from the Slavic word for cave, or oven, the first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts before 1 AD
Budapest
Budapest
–
From top, left to right:
Hungarian Parliament,
Fisherman's Bastion,
Sándor Palace guard,
Heroes' Square,
National Theatre,
St. Stephen's Basilica and
Széchenyi Chain Bridge by night
Budapest
Budapest
22.
Milan
–
Milan is a city in Italy, capital of the Lombardy region, and the most populous metropolitan area and the second most populous comune in Italy. The population of the city proper is 1,351,000, Milan has a population of about 8,500,000 people. It is the industrial and financial centre of Italy and one of global significance. In terms of GDP, it has the largest economy among European non-capital cities, Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and lies at the heart of one of the Four Motors for Europe. Milan is an Alpha leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts Italys Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks, the city is a major world fashion and design capital, well known for several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair. The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students, Milans museums, theatres and landmarks attract over 9 million visitors annually. Milan – after Naples – is the second Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, the city hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. Milan is home to two of Europes major football teams, A. C. Milan and F. C. Internazionale, the etymology of Milan is uncertain. One theory holds that the Latin name Mediolanum comes from the Latin words medio, however, some scholars believe lanum comes from the Celtic root lan, meaning an enclosure or demarcated territory in which Celtic communities used to build shrines. Hence, Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a Celtic tribe, indeed, the name Mediolanum is borne by about sixty Gallo-Roman sites in France, e. g. Saintes and Évreux. Alciato credits Ambrose for his account, around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered the settlement, renaming it Mediolanum, Milan was eventually declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 286 AD. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire and his colleague Maximianus ruled the Western one, immediately Maximian built several monuments, such as a large circus 470 m ×85 m, the Thermae Herculeae, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other buildings. With the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians, after the city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. In 452, the Huns overran the city, in 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan during the Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, a Teutonic tribe, the Lombards, conquered Milan, some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne took the title of King of the Lombards, the Iron Crown of Lombardy dates from this period
Milan
–
Milan Cathedral,
La Scala opera house and
Porta Nuova business district
Milan
Milan
Milan
23.
Prague
–
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the 14th largest city in the European Union and it is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters. Prague has been a political, cultural, and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its history and it was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. Prague is home to a number of cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence. Main attractions include the Prague Castle, the Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The city has more than ten major museums, along with theatres, galleries, cinemas. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city, also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe. Prague is classified as an Alpha- global city according to GaWC studies, Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination, and the city more than 6.4 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul, the region was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. In the last century BC, the Celts were slowly driven away by Germanic tribes, around the area where present-day Prague stands, the 2nd century map of Ptolemaios mentioned a Germanic city called Casurgis. In the following century, the Czech tribes built several fortified settlements in the area, most notably in Levý Hradec, Butovice and in the Šárka valley. The construction of what came to be known as the Prague Castle began near the end of the 9th century, the first masonry under Prague Castle dates from the year 885 at the latest. The other prominent Prague fort, the Přemyslid fort Vyšehrad, was founded in the 10th century, Prague Castle is dominated by the cathedral, which was founded in 1344, but completed in the 20th century. The legendary origins of Prague attribute its foundation to the 8th century Czech duchess and prophetess Libuše and her husband, Přemysl, legend says that Libuše came out on a rocky cliff high above the Vltava and prophesied, I see a great city whose glory will touch the stars. She ordered a castle and a town called Praha to be built on the site, a 17th century Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the city was founded as Boihaem in c.1306 BC by an ancient king, Boyya. The region became the seat of the dukes, and later kings of Bohemia, under Roman Emperor Otto II the area became a bishopric in 973
Prague
–
Montage of Prague, clockwise from top: Panorama of
Prague Castle and
Charles Bridge,
Dancing House,
Star Villa,
Old Town Square,
Wenceslas Square,
Wallenstein Palace, Royal Garden at Prague Castle,
St. Vitus Cathedral and
Municipal House.
Prague
–
The mythological princess
Libuše prophesies the glory of Prague.
Prague
–
The
Prague astronomical clock was first installed in 1410, making it the third-oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest one still working.
Prague
–
A view of one of the bridge towers of the Charles Bridge
24.
The Sweet Escape Tour
–
The Sweet Escape Tour was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Gwen Stefani. The tour began in April 2007 in support of her solo album The Sweet Escape. The tour was Stefanis follow up to her previous The Harajuku Lovers Tour and it went worldwide as compared to her previous tour which was constricted only to North America and had more than double the number of shows. It was Stefanis last solo effort as she rejoined her band No Doubt after the tour ended, the main feature were usage of various props such as a prison for Stefanis opening act, a six-piece band and a large multimedia screen in the backdrop showing videos and animations. The tour had its own set of controversies, a group of students making up for The National Union of Malaysian Muslim Students, banned Stefanis concert that was slated to take place August 21 at Putra Indoor Stadium. The unions vice president, Abdul Muntaqim said, Her performance and it promotes a certain degree of obscenity and will encourage youth to emulate the western lifestyle. The organizer of the vent, Maxis Communications later responded, Stefani has confirmed that her concert will not feature any revealing costumes and she will abide by the Malaysian authorities guidelines to ensure that her show will not be offensive to local sensitivities. In April, Akon drew criticism for having on-stage dirty dancing with a fifteen-year-old preachers daughter, at a club in Trinidad and Tobago, as a result, the tours sponsor Verizon Wireless decided not to sponsor the tour. Stefani donated $166,000 from her October 30 concert in San Diego to The San Diego Foundation fire relief fund, on her June 22 and June 23 concerts in Irvine, California, Stefani was joined onstage by her No Doubt bandmates. They performed their songs Just a Girl, Spiderwebs, Sunday Morning, Hella Good, the Sweet Escape tour was generally well received by critics. Christina Fuoco-Karasinski of Livedaily said, The shows pacing was impeccable, instead of silence or banter between songs, Stefanis band played musical interludes, or the dancers entertained. Katrina-Kasey Wheeler on PopMatters appreciated the props saying, everything from the set list to the visuals and props displayed a larger-than-life aura, years after Gwen Stefani first emerged as a major presence in the world of pop music, shes finally got a show to match. Chris Macias of Sacbee also appreciated the concert and described the show as Its part pep rally, part Broadway musical, joan Anderman of Boston. com said. her bad notes were hers, part of a real personality rather than a standard-issue pop star. T. Michael Crowell of the San Diego Union-Tribune also agreed and said, Her vocal range is narrow, the tour was a commercial success. The tour was the twenty-third most successful tour in the United States in 2007, the tour grossed $30,511,669 through the 55 shows in the U. S with 53 sold-out shows. Gwen announced in both the October 30 concert at the Cox Arena at Aztec Bowl and the November 1 concert at the Stockton Arena that she was filming her Sweet Escape Tour DVD. Only one concert of the Cox Arena, and Stockton Arena can be chosen for the Sweet Escape Tour DVD, for the Special occasion, Gwen did a special performance of the song U Started It which had only been seen at a few shows. During the concert she ran out into the audience to sing Cool, however, the recorded performances were not released as a separate DVD
The Sweet Escape Tour
–
Promotional poster for the
Journal Pavilion
The Sweet Escape Tour
–
Stefani performing during the Tour.
25.
Coda (music)
–
Coda is a term used in music primarily to designate a passage that brings a piece to an end. Technically, it is an expanded cadence and it may be as simple as a few measures, or as complex as an entire section. The presence of a coda as an element in a movement is especially clear in works written in particular musical forms. Codas were commonly used in both form and variation movements during the Classical era. In a sonata movement, the recapitulation section will, in general, follow the exposition in its thematic content. In works in form, the coda occurs following the last variation. For one famous example, see Symphony No.8, codetta has a similar purpose to the coda, but on a smaller scale, concluding a section of a work instead of the work as a whole. A typical codetta concludes the exposition and recapitulation sections of a work in sonata form, following the second theme, thus, in the exposition, it usually appears in the secondary key, but, in the recapitulation, in the primary key. The codetta ordinarily closes with a cadence in the appropriate key. If the exposition is repeated, the codetta is also, but sometimes it has its ending slightly changed, cauda, a Latin word meaning tail, edge or trail is the root of coda and is used in the study of conductus of the 12th and 13th centuries. The cauda was a long melisma on one of the last syllables of the text, conducti were traditionally divided into two groups, conductus cum cauda and conductus sine cauda, based on the presence of the melisma. Thus, the cauda provided a role, also similar to the modern coda. Many songs in rock and other genres of music have sections identifiable as codas. A coda in these genres is sometimes referred to as an outro, while in jazz, modern church music, in music notation, the coda symbol, which resembles a set of crosshairs, is used as a navigation marker, similar to the dal Segno sign. It is used where the exit from a section is within that section rather than at the end. The instruction To Coda indicates that, upon reaching that point during the final repetition, for example, this can be used to provide a special ending for the final verse of a song. Coda Da capo Epilogue Repeat sign Transition Fade This article incorporates text from a now in the public domain, Chisholm, Hugh
Coda (music)
–
Coda sign
26.
Gail Ann Dorsey
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Gail Ann Dorsey is an American musician. With a long career as a musician, she is perhaps best known for her lengthy residency in David Bowies band. From 1993 to 1996, Dorsey recorded and toured with Tears for Fears and she appeared in several of the bands promo videos throughout this period. In addition, Dorsey has released three albums, The Corporate World, Rude Blue, and I Used To Be. Dorsey grew up in the 1970s in West Philadelphia and she played guitar from the age of nine and cites Mark Farner of Grand Funk Railroad, Terry Kath of Chicago, Jimi Hendrix, and Nancy Wilson of Heart as early influences. She acquired a bass shortly after her 14th birthday but didnt consider herself a bass player until she was 20 and she also wrote feature-length screenplays to accompany some of her musical compositions. Dorsey attended the California Institute of the Arts in the School of Film & Video and she received a full scholarship with her screenplays and short Super 8 films. Dorsey was the female in her freshman class and the youngest female to be admitted to the Live Action department up to that point. After completing three semesters she felt unsuited for the industry and once again turned to a career in music. At age 22, Dorsey moved to London to pursue her musical career and their first demos were engineered and produced by Paul Doc Stewart at Village Way Studio in London. Stewart was responsible for their introduction to CBS Records, which led to her first recording deal and she established herself through collaborations with artists such as Boy George, Ann Pigalle, and Donny Osmond. Dorseys first high-profile job was as a guest vocalist in the line up of The Charlie Watts Big Band and its 1985 premiere at Londons famous West End jazz club. A crucial point in Dorseys solo career was her appearance on The Tube, in December 1987, Dorsey signed with Warner Music Group and in 1988 released her first solo album, The Corporate World. The album was produced by bassist Nathan East of the jazz quartet Fourplay and it received a 5-star review and was voted one of the Top 50 Albums of the Year by Londons Q Magazine. She moved to Island Records in 1991, signed by founder Chris Blackwell, after almost 12 years in England, Dorsey relocated to the artist community of Woodstock in upstate New York in 1994. When her relationship with Island became strained, Dorsey began to concentrate on session work, Dorsey is perhaps best known for her contribution to the David Bowie band. After the Outside Tour she provided vocals and bass for Earthling, Heathen, Reality and she recorded Planet of Dreams, a duet with Bowie on the 1997 EMI UK benefit CD release, Long Live Tibet, as well as several other live recordings and videos. She has been on board for the last six tours and performed with Bowie at The Concert For New York at Madison Square Garden, about a decade after Rude Blue, Dorsey released her third solo album in 2003
Gail Ann Dorsey
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Gail Ann Dorsey
27.
Ballad
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A ballad /ˈbæləd/ is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally danced songs, Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in the Americas, Australia, Ballads are 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides, the form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is now often used for any love song. The ballad derives its name from medieval French dance songs or ballares, from which ballet is also derived, as a narrative song, their theme and function may originate from Scandinavian and Germanic traditions of storytelling that can be seen in poems such as Beowulf. Musically they were influenced by the Minnesinger, the earliest example of a recognizable ballad in form in England is Judas in a 13th-century manuscript. This means that the two words, ballad and ballet, are derived from the French language. Ballads were originally written to accompany dances, and so were composed in couplets with refrains in alternate lines and these refrains would have been sung by the dancers in time with the dance. Most northern and west European ballads are written in ballad stanzas or quatrains of alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, known as ballad meter. Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed, there is considerable variation on this pattern in almost every respect, including length, number of lines and rhyming scheme, making the strict definition of a ballad extremely difficult. Ballads usually use the dialect of the people and are heavily influenced by the region in which they originate. Scottish ballads in particular are distinctively un-English, even showing some pre-Christian influences in the inclusion of elements such as the fairies in the Scottish ballad Tam Lin. The ballads do not have any known author or correct version, instead, having passed down mainly by oral tradition since the Middle Ages. The ballads remained a tradition until the increased interest in folk songs in the 18th century led collectors such as Bishop Thomas Percy to publish volumes of popular ballads. In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a story, often concise, and rely on imagery, rather than description. Themes concerning rural laborers and their sexuality are common, and there are many ballads based on the Robin Hood legend. Another common feature of ballads is repetition, sometimes of fourth lines in succeeding stanzas, as a refrain, sometimes of third and fourth lines of a stanza and sometimes of entire stanzas
Ballad
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Illustration by
Arthur Rackham of the ballad "
The Twa Corbies "
Ballad
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A copy of
Walter Scott 's The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border.
Ballad
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Illustration by
Arthur Rackham to
Young Bekie.
Ballad
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Painting based on
The Beggar's Opera, Act III Scene 2,
William Hogarth, c. 1728
28.
Eyes Without a Face (song)
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Eyes Without a Face is a song by Billy Idol, co-written with guitarist Steve Stevens from Idols 1983 album Rebel Yell. The song is softer and more ballad-like than most of the other singles. Released in 1984, this was the single from the Rebel Yell album. It reached No.4 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Idols first Top 10 hit in the USA, in the liner notes for the Expanded Edition of Rebel Yell, Idol notes that this song was one of the first three written for the album. The original track was recorded in Studio A at Electric Lady Studios in New York, with a Linn drum machine, the song is notable for the female voice of Perri Lister that sings Les yeux sans visage as a background chorus. The title of the song refers to French director Georges Franjus movie Les yeux sans visage, in a retrospective review of the single, AllMusic journalist Donald A. Guarisco praised the song. During the songs bridge, the changes to Steve Stevens soloing on guitar while Idol poses dancing in a flaming hexagon surrounded by hooded acolytes. The highly aggressive imagery of the contrasts with the relative slowness. The video was released in June 1984 and subsequently nominated for MTV Video Music Awards for Best Editing and it was shot over an exhausting three-day period on a set with fog machines, lighting, and fire sources. Immediately after the shoot, Idol flew to perform in Arizona and he was taken to a hospital where the lenses were removed, his eyes bandaged for three days, and his scraped corneas grew back. Eyes Without a Face was written by Billy Idol and Steve Stevens, paul Anka covered the song on his 2005 album Rock Swings. Scooter covered this song on their 1998 album No Time to Chill, greek synthpop duo Marsheaux covered the song for their 2012 album E-Bay Queen Is Dead. Little Wings released a version in 2015 as part of music blog Aquarium Drunkards Lagniappe Sessions, eyes Without a Face at AllMusic Songfacts Video facts Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Eyes Without a Face (song)
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4 track EP cover
29.
Killing Me Softly (song)
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Killing Me Softly with His Song is a song composed by Charles Fox with lyrics by Norman Gimbel. The song was written in collaboration with Lori Lieberman, who recorded the song in late 1971, in 1973 it became a number-one hit, in the US and Canada, for Roberta Flack, also reaching number six in the UK Singles Chart. The song has since covered by numerous artists, including the version by the Fugees that won the 1997 Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. According to Lori Lieberman, who performed the recording in 1971. She then related this information to Gimbel, who took her feelings, then Gimbel passed the words to Fox, who set them to music. According to Norman Gimbel, Gimbel was introduced to the Argentinean-born composer Lalo Schifrin, both Gimbel and Schifrin made a suggestion to write a Broadway musical together, and Schifrin gave Gimbel an Argentinean novel—Hopscotch by Julio Cortázar—to read as a possible idea. The book was never made into a musical, but in two, the narrator describes himself as sitting in a bar listening to an American pianist friend kill us softly with some blues. Gimbel put the phrase in his book for use at a future time with a parenthesis around the word blues. Don McLean said he didnt know the song described him and, Ive heard both Loris and Robertas version and I must say Im very humbled about the whole thing. You cant help but feel that way about a song written, nevertheless, Fox has repudiated Liebermans having input into the songs creation, saying, We wrote the song and heard it and said it reminded her of how she felt at concert. Don McLean didnt inspire Norman or me to write the song, Don McLean supported Lieberman both on his website and from the stage of a concert which he invited her to attend in 2010. However, the matter reached an unequivocal conclusion when contemporaneous articles from the early 1970s were exhumed. In an April 5,1973 article in the Daily News, Norman Gimbel was quoted as follows, I had a notion this might make a good song so the three of us discussed it. We talked it over several times, just as we did for the rest of the numbers we wrote for this album, Lieberman was the first to record the song in late 1971, releasing it in early 1972. Helen Reddy has said she was sent the song, but the demo, sat on my turntable for months without being played because I didnt like the title. Roberta Flack first heard the song on an airline, when the Lieberman original was featured on the audio program. After scanning the listing of available audio selections, Flack would recall, The title, of course, I immediately pulled out some scratch paper, made musical staves play the song at least eight to ten times jotting down the melody that I heard. When I landed, I immediately called Quincy at his house, two days later I had the music
Killing Me Softly (song)
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"Killing Me Softly with His Song"
Killing Me Softly (song)
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"Killing Me Softly"
30.
Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)
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Time After Time is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper. It was recorded by Lauper for her studio album, Shes So Unusual. The track was produced by Rick Chertoff and released as a single on January 27,1984 and it was the second single to be released from the album and became Laupers first #1 hit in the U. S. The song was written in the final stages, after Girls Just Wanna Have Fun, She Bop. The writing began with the title, which Lauper had seen in TV Guide magazine, Time After Time is composed of simple keyboard-synth chords, bright, jangly guitars, clock-ticking percussion, and elastic bassline, and lyrically is a love song of devotion. Most music critics gave the positive reviews, with most commending the song for being a solid and memorable love song. The song has been selected as one of the Best Love Songs of All Time by many outlets, including Rolling Stone, Nerve, MTV. Time After Time was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 1985 edition. The song was a success on the charts, becoming her first number-one single on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart on June 9,1984, and remaining there for two weeks. Worldwide, the song is her most commercially successful single, after Girls Just Want to Have Fun, r&B singer Lil Mo also covered the song for her 2001 debut album Based on a True Story. An acoustic version was sung by Lauper with Sarah McLachlan on her 2005 album The Body Acoustic. Lauper has performed the live with Patti LaBelle twice in 1985 and 2004 and with Sarah McLachlan at the American Music Awards of 2005. While writing for her studio album, in the spring of 1983, Cyndi Lauper was introduced to American musician Rob Hyman, who was recommended by Rick Chertoff. Therefore, she and Hyman sat at a piano and started working on Time After Time, one of the first lines Rob wrote was suitcase of memories, which according to Lauper, struck her, claiming it was a wonderful line, while other lines came from Laupers life. The songs title was inspired after Lauper started writing for the song, thus, Lauper was looking in the TV Guide and saw a lot of movie titles, with the 1979 science fiction movie Time After Time being chosen. Although trying to remove the title later, Lauper claimed she couldnt take it out without the song falling apart, initially, Epic Records wanted Time After Time as the albums lead-single. However, Lauper claimed that releasing a ballad first defines an artist in a way, noting that she could have been known as a balladeer. Therefore, her manager Dave Wolf convinced that Girls Just Wanna Have Fun could be an anthem, Time After Time eventually became the albums second single, being released on January 27,1984
Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)
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"Time After Time"
Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)
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Rob Hyman (pictured) co-wrote and sings background vocals on the track.
Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)
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Morristown, NJ, train station, seen at the end of the video.
