1.
New Jersey Department of Corrections
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The New Jersey Department of Corrections is responsible for operations and management of prison facilities in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The department is headquartered in Trenton, the NJDOCs facilities house a combined total of 20,000 inmates in minimum, medium and maximum security levels. Approximately 1,200 inmates are incarcerated, and an equal number released each month, the median term for inmates is six years. 47% of inmates are serving terms of years, 17% are serving terms of six-to-nine years. As of January 2003,984 offenders were serving life sentences, the mission of the New Jersey Department of Corrections is to operate a safe, secure, and humane correctional facilities. The mission is realized through effective supervision, proper classification, appropriate treatment of offenders, the departments articulated goals are, To provide inmate safety and security through the custody and management of those individuals incarcerated within the Criminal Justice system. To ensure the safety and welfare of the staff and inmate population, to assist in the rehabilitative efforts for those incarcerated individuals returning to the community. To promote public support for the operation and objectives of the Department of Corrections, office of the Commissioner, which is currently held by Gary Lanigan. Additionally, the contracts with private and nonprofit providers throughout the state to provide community-based residential treatment programs for offenders under community supervision. Public safety is enhanced through the development, coordination, administration and delivery of these institutional and community-based programs, the division provides administrative services to support the departmental mission in such major areas as Budget and Fiscal Management, Personnel, Policy and Planning and Information Systems. These facilities collectively house approximately 27,000 inmates in minimum, medium and they are diverse and unique in their operations as well. For example, the maximum security New Jersey State Prison contains the states Capital Sentence unit, the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center operates Corrections rehabilitative program for habitual sex offenders. Northern State Prison contains the Security Threat Group Management Unit, which gang members considered a threat to the safety of the institutions. The Edna Mahan Correctional Facility, the only correctional institution for women. The Correctional Staff Training Academy conducts basic training for state correction officers and those who successfully complete the training program will be appointed as a correction officer recruit and will serve a one-year working test period. Upon satisfactory completion of the working test period, candidates will be promoted to senior correction officer, there will be comprehensive examinations and written assignments. Firearms Training, Firearms Training includes firearms safety and weapon qualifications, New Jersey State Correction Officers, Parole Officers and Corrections Investigators are authorized to exercise peace officer powers statewide. With this authority, Correction Officers are required to enforce NJRS 2C within the scope of their employment, the New Jersey State Correction Officer is responsible, during an assigned tour of duty, to ensure the custody, safety and care of criminal offenders confined in State correctional facilities
2.
Rahway, New Jersey
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Rahway /ˈrɔːweɪ/ is a city in southern Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area, being 21.6 miles southwest of Manhattan and 5 miles west of Staten Island, Rahway is home to the Union County Performing Arts Center. It is in the process of building dedicated artists housing so that actors, musicians, dancers, comedians, poets, filmmakers, a number of contemporary art galleries sit in the Rahway Arts District as well as three professional rehearsal and recording studios. Rahway and the area were once the home of the Lenni Lenape Native Americans, and tradition states that the city was named after Rahwack. The Seventeenth Century Clark House is one of the oldest buildings in the state, Rahway saw action during the American Revolutionary War because of its proximity to Staten Island, Elizabethtown and Perth Amboy. In January 1777, rebels were victorious against the British in the Battle of Spanktown, the Merchants and Drovers Tavern resides at the corner of St. Georges and Westfield Avenues. The earliest buildings at the date to 1795 and the property remains one of Rahways most prominent historical landmarks. George Washington visited Rahway during his travel to New York City prior to his inauguration in 1789. A marker across the street from the reads, Here, on April 23,1789, on his way to New York City, Washington was received by troops from Elizabethtown. He was entertained at the inn kept by Samuel Smith by gentlemen of the town, following the Revolution, Rahway became the home of the first national mint to create a coin bearing the inscription E pluribus unum. A United States Post Office established in Rahway was one of six in the entire state in 1791. Rahway grew due to its location along the stagecoach and railroad lines between New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The navigable Rahway River, which flows through the city, also aided the citys commercial growth, in 1860, the portion of Rahway that had been part of Middlesex County was transferred to Union. On March 13,1861, the remainder of Rahway Township became part of Rahway City, Clark Township was formed from portions of the city on March 23,1864. The first municipal elections for the mayor and council were conducted on April 19,1858, the citys police department and its initial group of four constables were created at that first council meeting. The company remained in Rahway through the presidency of George W. Merck, the national decline in industry after World War II led to the closure of most of Rahways major manufacturing facilities and a general deterioration of the citys central business district. According to the United States Census Bureau, Rahway had an area of 4.028 square miles. Rahway is bordered to the northwest by Clark, to the northeast by Linden, the Rahway River travels through Rahway, entering from Clark at Rahway River Park
3.
U.S. Route 1/9
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U. S. Route 1/9 is the 31. 01-mile long concurrency of US1 and US9 from their junction in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey north to New York City. The route is a road, with some freeway portions. Throughout most of its length in New Jersey, the road runs near the New Jersey Turnpike/Interstate 95. In Fort Lee, US 1/9 merges onto I-95 and crosses the Hudson River on the George Washington Bridge, between Newark and Jersey City, US 1/9 runs along the Pulaski Skyway. Trucks are banned from this section of road and must use US 1/9 Truck, the concurrency between US1 and US9 is commonly referred to as 1 and 9. Some signage for the concurrency, as well as the truck route, the current alignment of US 1/9 south of Elizabeth was planned as pre-1927 Route 1 in 1916, this road was extended to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City in 1922. When the U. S. Highway System was created in 1926, US1, in 1927, pre-1927 Route 1 became Route 25, and Route 1 and Route 6 were legislated along the current US 1/9 north of Jersey City. US 1/9 originally went to the Holland Tunnel on Route 25, after the Pulaski Skyway opened in 1932, US 1/9 and Route 25 were routed to use this road, which soon had a truck ban resulting in the creation of Route 25T. South of Newark, US 1/9 was moved from Route 27 to Route 25, in 1953, the state highways running concurrent with US 1/9 in New Jersey were removed. In 1964, the approaches to the George Washington Bridge were upgraded into I-95, US1 and US9 begin their concurrency at a directional interchange in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County. The combined US 1/9 runs northeast through business areas as a divided highway. From this interchange, the road continues as a road with some jughandles. A short distance later, US 1/9 crosses into Rahway, Union County, the highway turns more northeast, becoming known as Edgar Road in Linden. Following the intersection with CR615, the road enters more urbanized areas of homes and businesses, after passing near a couple of cemeteries, the highway runs to the west of the Bayway Refinery before passing under another Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad line. After this bridge, US 1/9 meets the terminus of I-278 at a partial interchange with a northbound exit. Past this interchange, US 1/9 continues into Elizabeth, where it intersects Route 439 at the Bayway Circle, at this point, US 1/9 splits from Edgar Road. The road continues north through urban neighborhoods as Spring Street, passing under another Conrail Shared Assets Operations line, the freeway comes to an interchange with the northern terminus of Route 81 and it continues around the west side of Newark Liberty International Airport. The US 1/9 freeway continues into Newark, Essex County, with ramps providing access to the airport as well as to McClellan Street
4.
NJ Transit
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NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in New Jersey, with numerous private operators receiving equipment from NJT for route service within the state not controlled by NJT. NJT was founded on July 17,1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation and it came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation service in the public interest. NJT originally acquired and managed a number of bus services, one of the largest being those operated by the states largest electric company. It gradually acquired most of the bus services. In northern New Jersey, many of the bus routes are arranged in a web, in southern New Jersey, most routes are arranged in a spoke-and-hub fashion, with routes emanating from Trenton, Camden, and Atlantic City. Since inception, rail ridership has quadrupled, in the 1990s the rail system expanded, with new Midtown Direct service to New York City and new equipment. On October 21,2001, it opened a new station at Newark Liberty International Airport, on October 31,2005, NJT took over Clocker service from Amtrak. Four new trains were added to the schedule, but cut back to Trenton, during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the rail operations center of NJ Transit was flooded by 8 feet of water and an emergency generator submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars, the Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board, for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc. for commuter rail. NJT operates 871 bus routes using 2,477 buses and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles, the bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,477. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT, Newark Light Rail – two segments serving Newark and the surrounding area. The Newark City Subway has 12 stops, is 4.3 miles long, connecting Newark Penn Station to North Newark, the Broad Street Extension has five stops, is 1.0 mile long, and connects Newark Penn Station to Newark Broad Street Station. The fleet consists of 21 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned and operated by the Central Division of NJT Bus Operations. River Line – a 21-stop 34 miles line from Trenton to Camden along the Delaware River, mostly along the Bordentown Secondary line formerly owned by Conrail, the fleet consists of 20 Stadler GTW diesel light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by Bombardier Transportation. NJT operates over 100 diesel locomotives, of which 11 are supplied by Metro-North Railroad as part of an agreement for the Port Jervis Line. It has over 650 push-pull cars, of which 65 are supplied by Metro-North, the New Jersey Transit Police Department is the transit police force for NJT. It is a police agency with statewide jurisdiction with the primary focus on policing the numerous bus depots, rail
5.
Muhammad Ali
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Muhammad Ali was an American professional boxer and activist. He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated figures of the 20th century. From early in his career, Ali was known as an inspiring, controversial, Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old. At age 18, he won a medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. At age 22 in 1964, he won the WBA, WBC, Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay, which he called his slave name, to Muhammad Ali. He set an example of pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement. He was eventually arrested, found guilty of draft evasion charges, Alis actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation. Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century and he remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion, having won the title in 1964,1974, and 1978. Between February 25 and September 19,1964, Ali reigned as the heavyweight champion. He is the boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times. Nicknamed The Greatest, he was involved in historic boxing matches. Notable among these were the first Liston fight, the Fight of the Century, Super Fight II, the Thrilla in Manila versus his rival Joe Frazier, and The Rumble in the Jungle versus George Foreman. At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking, Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight, as a musician, Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song, and received two Grammy Award nominations. As an actor, he performed in films and a Broadway musical. Additionally, Ali wrote two autobiographies, one during and one after his boxing career, as a Muslim, Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammads Nation of Islam and advocated their black separatist ideology. He later disavowed the NOI, adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism, after retiring from boxing in 1981, Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work. In 1984, Ali was diagnosed with Parkinsons syndrome, which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries, as the condition worsened, Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3,2016, in Scottsdale, Arizona. Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. was born on January 17,1942, in Louisville and he had a sister and four brothers
6.
Folk rock
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It has also been influential in those parts of the world with close cultural connections to Britain and gave rise to the genre of folk punk. By the 1980s the genre was in decline in popularity. When English bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s defined themselves as electric folk they were making a distinction with the existing folk rock. Folk rock was what they had already been producing, American or American style singer-songwriter material played on instruments, as undertaken by Bob Dylan. They drew the distinction because they were focusing on indigenous songs, the result of this hybridisation was an exchange of specific features drawn from Traditional music and Rock music. For example, electric folk groups, while using traditional material as their source for lyrics and tunes. In the same year, The Beatles began incorporating overt folk influences into their music, the Beatles and other British Invasion bands, in turn, influenced the Californian band The Byrds, who began playing folk-influenced material and Bob Dylan compositions with rock instrumentation. The Byrds recording of Dylans Mr Tambourine Man was released in April 1965 and reached #1 on the U. S. and UK singles charts, setting off the mid-1960s folk rock movement. The Beatles late 1965 album, Rubber Soul, contained a number of songs clearly influenced by the American folk rock boom, such as Nowhere Man and If I Needed Someone. Folk rock became an important genre among emerging English bands, particularly those in the London club scene towards the end of the 1960s. Like the American revival, it was often overtly left wing in its politics, most important among their responses were the foundation of folk clubs in major towns, starting with London where MacColl began the Ballads and Blues Club in 1953. These clubs were usually urban in location, but the songs sung in them often hearkened back to a rural pre-industrial past, in many ways this was the adoption of abandoned popular music by the middle classes. This meant that there were, by the later 1960s, a group of performers with musical skill and knowledge of a variety of traditional songs. The result was an interpretation of the song A Sailors Life. The rapid expansion of electric folk that followed in the wake of Liege, five Hand Reel a band formed out of the remnants of Spencers Feat proved to be one of the more successful and influential folk rock bands. Releasing 4 albums with Topic/RCA records they were popular in Europe. He then quit that and eventually formed the Albion Country Band, later the Albion Band, a much smaller group of English bands were formed in emulation of existing electric rock bands. Fiddlers Dram were often dismissed as one hit wonders for their single Day Trip to Bangor, most of their career, from that point until they disbanded in 1979, was one of declining profile and sales
7.
Denzel Washington
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Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. is an American actor, director, and producer. Tolson in The Great Debaters, and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in American Gangster and he has been a featured actor in the films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and has been a frequent collaborator of directors Spike Lee, Antoine Fuqua and Tony Scott. In 2016, Washington was selected as the recipient for the Cecil B, deMille Lifetime Achievement Award at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards. In 2002, Washington made his debut with biographical film Antwone Fisher. His second directorial effort was The Great Debaters, released in 2007, Washingtons third directorial effort, Fences, starring himself and Viola Davis, was released on December 16,2016. Washington was born in Mount Vernon, New York and his mother, Lennis Lynne, was a beauty parlor owner and operator born in Georgia and partly raised in Harlem. Washington attended Pennington-Grimes Elementary School in Mount Vernon until 1968, when he was 14, his parents divorced, and his mother sent him to a private preparatory school, Oakland Military Academy in New Windsor, New York. That decision changed my life, Washington later said, because I wouldnt have survived in the direction I was going, the guys I was hanging out with at the time, my running buddies, have now done maybe 40 years combined in the penitentiary. They were nice guys, but the streets got them, after Oakland, Washington next attended Mainland High School, a public high school in Daytona Beach, Florida, from 1970 to 1971. He was interested in attending Texas Tech University, I grew up in the Boys Club in Mount Vernon, so when I was in high school, I wanted to go to Texas Tech in Lubbock just because they were called the Red Raiders and their uniforms looked like ours. Washington earned a B. A. in Drama and Journalism from Fordham University in 1977, at Fordham, he played collegiate basketball as a guard under coach P. J. Carlesimo. After a period of indecision on which major to study and taking a semester off, Washington worked as creative director at an overnight summer camp, Camp Sloane YMCA in Lakeville. He participated in a talent show for the campers and a colleague suggested he try acting. He then attended school at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. Washington spent the summer of 1976 in St, shortly after graduating from Fordham, Washington made his screen acting debut in the 1977 made-for-television film Wilma, and his first Hollywood appearance in the 1981 film Carbon Copy. A major career break came when Washington starred as Dr. Phillip Chandler in NBCs television hospital drama St. Elsewhere and he was one of only a few African-American actors to appear on the series for its entire six-year run. He also appeared in television, motion picture and stage roles, such as the films A Soldiers Story, Hard Lessons. In 1989, Washington won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of a defiant, in 1990, Washington starred as Bleek Gilliam in the Spike Lee film Mo Better Blues
8.
Boxing
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Boxing is a combat sport in which two people wearing protective gloves throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring. Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a fixture in most international games—it also has its own World Championships. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds, in the event that both fighters gain equal scores from the judges, the fight is considered a draw. In Olympic boxing, due to the fact that a winner must be declared, in the case of a draw - the judges use technical criteria to choose the most deserving winner of the bout. While people have fought in combat since before the dawn of history. The earliest evidence for fist fighting with any kind of gloves can be found on Minoan Crete, in Ancient Greece boxing was a well developed sport and enjoyed consistent popularity. In Olympic terms, it was first introduced in the 23rd Olympiad,688 B. C, the boxers would wind leather thongs around their hands in order to protect them. There were no rounds and boxers fought until one of them acknowledged defeat or could not continue, weight categories were not used, which meant heavyweights had a tendency to dominate. It was the head of the opponent which was primarily targeted, Boxing was a popular spectator sport in Ancient Rome. In order for the fighters to protect themselves against their opponents they wrapped leather thongs around their fists, eventually harder leather was used and the thong soon became a weapon. The Romans even introduced metal studs to the thongs to make the cestus which then led to a more sinister weapon called the myrmex, Fighting events were held at Roman Amphitheatres. The Roman form of boxing was often a fight until death to please the spectators who gathered at such events, however, especially in later times, purchased slaves and trained combat performers were valuable commodities, and their lives were not given up without due consideration. Often slaves were used against one another in a circle marked on the floor and this is where the term ring came from. In AD393, during the Roman gladiator period, boxing was abolished due to excessive brutality and it was not until the late 17th century that boxing re-surfaced in London. Records of Classical boxing activity disappeared after the fall of the Western Roman Empire when the wearing of weapons became common once again, however, there are detailed records of various fist-fighting sports that were maintained in different cities and provinces of Italy between the 12th and 17th centuries. There was also a sport in ancient Rus called Kulachniy Boy or Fist Fighting, as the wearing of swords became less common, there was renewed interest in fencing with the fists. The sport would later resurface in England during the early 16th century in the form of bare-knuckle boxing sometimes referred to as prizefighting. The first documented account of a fight in England appeared in 1681 in the London Protestant Mercury
9.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
10.
Hip hop
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Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
11.
Grammy Award for Best Music Film
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The category was preceded by the Grammy Award for Video of the Year, which was presented in 1982 and 1983, awarding long form videos in the budding music video market. The category was discontinued after 1983, the Best Music Film category is for concert/performance films or music documentaries. The eligibility rules have changed slightly over the years, music-related documentaries with a preponderance of performance-based material. While dramatic feature films and biopics are not eligible, films with fictional elements are eligible, the Best Music Film category is one of two categories in the Best Music Video/Film Field. The other one is Best Music Video, which recognises stand-alone videos of one song or performance. Artists who are the focus of nominated films may not always be eligible for a Grammy themselves, depending on the type of film, the awards were returned to the original format in 1990. Except in 1988 and 1989, the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video recipients include the artists, directors, and producers associated with the winning videos. Singers Madonna and Sting hold the record for the most wins as a performer in this category, however, in two instances, The Beatles were not recognized as individual winners. To date, three won the award twice, David Mallet, Jonas Akerlund and Bob Smeaton. The British pop rock group Eurythmics holds the record for the most nominations as a performer without a win, in 1984 and 1985, only the artists were presented with an award. In 1986 the award went to the artist and the video director, from 1987 onwards, the award has been presented to the artist, video director and video producer. ^ Each year is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year. ^ Director are only indicated if they were presented a Grammy Award. ^ Award was not presented, Music video categories presented that year included Best Concept Music Video and Best Performance Music Video
12.
Flavor Flav
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He is also known for popularizing the role of the hype man and for yelling Yeahhhhhhhhhhhh boyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy. and Flavor Flav. during performances. After falling out of the eye for a number of years, Flav reappeared as the star of several VH1 reality series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love. Drayton was born in Roosevelt, New York and grew up in nearby Freeport and he began playing the piano at age five and is self-taught. A musical prodigy, he sang in the choir at his church and mastered the piano, drums. According to Chuck D, he is proficient in 15 instruments. He set a house on fire as a child while playing with a lighter, by the time he dropped out of high school in the 11th grade, he had been in. Flav graduated from school in 1978, and has cooked in several restaurants. He attended Adelphi University on Long Island where he met Carlton Ridenhour, Flavor Flav took his stage name after his graffiti tag. They first collaborated on Chuck Ds hip-hop college radio show, then began rapping together, the two worked for Chuck Ds fathers delivery service. Flav came to prominence as a member and hype man of the rap group Public Enemy. In 1984, the released a track, Public Enemy #1. Rubin initially did not understand Flavs role in the act and wanted to sign Chuck D as an act, however Chuck D insisted that Flav be signed with them. The groups first album Yo. Bum Rush the Show was released in 1987, Flav served as the comic foil to Chuck Ds serious, politically charged style. The group gained much wider fame with their release, 1988s It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back. By the time the political single Fight the Power was issued in 1989, the group had become mainstream superstars. The first released track on which Flav rapped solo was Life of a Nigerian on Goat Ju JU, in 2006, Flav put out his first solo album. It was released during the season of Flavor of Love. After a hiatus from the scene, Flavor Flav was invited to participate on VH1 reality show The Surreal Life
