1.
East Melbourne, Victoria
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East Melbourne is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Australia,2 km east of Melbournes Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Melbourne, at the 2011 Census, East Melbourne had a population of 4,714. East Melbourne is an area of inner Melbourne, located between Richmond and the Melbourne Central Business District. Broadly, it is bounded by Spring Street, Victoria Parade, Punt Road/Hoddle Street, the world-famous Melbourne Cricket Ground is located in Yarra Park, in the East Melbourne locality of Jolimont. East Melbourne has been affluent since its first establishment and contains some of the oldest Victorian homes and terrace houses and parks, the Parliamentary and Cathedral precincts are located on a gentle hill, known as Eastern Hill. East Melbourne was one of Melbournes earliest suburbs and it was first planned in 1837 by surveyor Robert Hoddle, but was not actually settled until 1840, some time after neighbouring Fitzroy and Collingwood. Among the first settlers was Charles La Trobe, who built a dwelling in 1840 and wealthy professionals followed. The plan of the alignment of streets was adopted in July 1849, in the 1960s and 1970s, while other inner-city suburbs were experiencing gentrification, East Melbourne, traditionally a blue ribbon district, experienced a temporary decline. Flats began to appear and replace many of the old mansions, many remaining mansions had been converted to rooming houses over the years. The construction of the Hilton Hotel saw the demolition of Cliveden mansions, a five-storey Victorian era terrace, office development and expansion of the hospitals in the area affected much of the area surrounding Victoria Parade. During the 1990s East Melbourne once again experienced an increase in property prices. The Becton development at Jolimont, modelled on a picturesque Georgian village, many of the remaining mansions and terraces were placed on heritage registers and subdivided into apartments. Later the Victoria Brewery was also converted into apartments, named TriBeCa. East Melbournes proximity to the city, its size and its relatively unspoilt streetscapes ensure its property is expensive. East Melbourne is home to many famous Melbourne landmarks, Treasury Place is notable for its government buildings on Spring Street, including Parliament House of Victoria and the old Treasury Building. The rear of offices is a feature of St Andrews Place. Nearby Cathedral Place is home to St Patricks Cathedral and many former religious buildings now serving mixed use. Until 1961, it was also Australias tallest building, the Dallas Brooks Hall, one of Australias finest examples of the stripped classical style, was completed in 1969 and has served as a major events venue for many years
2.
Essendon Football Club
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The Essendon Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League, the sports premier competition. Formed in 1871 as a club and playing as a senior club since 1878. It is historically associated with Essendon, a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne, dyson Heppell is the current team captain. A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association, in 1877, and the Victorian Football League, in 1896, the club claims to have over at least one million supporters Australia wide. Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships which, along with Carlton, is the most of any club in the competition, the club was founded by members of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Melbourne Hunt Club and the Victorian Woolbrokers. The Essendon Football Club is thought to have formed in 1872 at a meeting it the home of a well-known brewery family, the McCrackens, whose Ascot Vale property hosted a team of local junior players. Robert McCracken, the owner of several city hotels, was the founder and first president of the Essendon club and his son, Alex, Alex would later become president of the newly formed VFL. Alexs cousin, Collier, who had played with Melbourne, was the teams first captain. The club played its first recorded match against the Carlton second twenty on 7 June 1873, Essendon played 13 matches in its first season, winning seven, with four draws and losing two. The club was one of the junior members of the Victorian Football Association in 1877. During its early years in the Association, Essendon played its matches at Flemington Hill. In 1878, Essendon played in the first match on what would be considered by modern standards to be a field at Flemington Hill. In 1879 Essendon played Melbourne in one of the earliest night matches recorded when the ball was painted white, in 1883 the team played four matches in Adelaide. In 1891 Essendon won their first VFA premiership, which they repeated in 1892,1893 and 1894, one of the clubs greatest players, Albert Thurgood played for the club during this period. Essendon was undefeated in the 1893 season, at the end of the 1896 season Essendon along with seven other clubs formed the Victorian Football League. Essendons first VFL game was in 1897 was against Geelong at Corio Oval in Geelong, Essendon won its first VFL premiership by winning the 1897 VFL finals series. Essendon again won the premiership in 1901, defeating Collingwood in the Grand Final, the club won successive premierships in 1911 and 1912 over Collingwood and South Melbourne respectively. The nickname first appeared in print in the local North Melbourne Advertiser in 1889 and it was known firstly as Essendon Town and, after 1905, as Essendon
3.
Yarra Park
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Yarra Park is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct, the premier sporting precinct of Victoria, Australia. Located in Yarra Park is the Melbourne Cricket Ground and numerous sporting fields and ovals, the park and sporting facilities are located in the inner-suburb of East Melbourne. In the late 1850s, many of the earliest games of Australian rules football were played at Yarra Park, tree-lined paths run parallel to Punt Road and Swan Street, and criss-cross the park. Some of the lawns are used for parking for sporting events, two footbridges allow pedestrians and cyclists to cross the railway lines to the different sporting venues and easy access to the Yarra River Trail. Nearby is an old eucalyptus scar tree which shows a big scar caused by harvesting of bark for a canoe by the inhabitants of the Yarra River Valley. The adjacent Punt Road Oval, home of the Richmond Football Club features a statue of Tiger legend Jack Dyer, in 1856, Victorian Governor Charles La Trobe proclaimed 81 hectares of parkland, extending from Punt Road to Swanston Street, and from Wellington Parade to the Yarra River. Initially the area was used as police paddocks for the agistment of police horses. The earliest recorded matches of Australian rules football were played at the Richmond Paddock in 1858, the Argus wrote the following year, Football, like cricket, has become an institution. Expect to see every available portion of Richmond Paddock, and other lungs of the city and it remained an important site for the sport until the MCG and other cricket grounds were opened for football in the late 1870s. By the 1860s five recreational ovals were marked out, the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Richmond Cricket Ground, East Melbourne Cricket Club ovals, in the southern section of the park land was set aside for the Friendly Societys Gardens, and the Scotch College oval. In 1874 Yarra Park Primary School was opened in the north east corner of the park, a housing subdivision was excised from the park in 1881. However, Goschs Paddock still links Yarra Park to the Yarra River at the Morrell Bridge for cyclists, in 2007 The Government Introduced the Melbourne Cricket Ground and Yarra Park Amendment Bill. Melbourne City Council - Yarra Park Map Yarra Park Adventure Tour Yarra Park Association
4.
Melbourne Cricket Ground
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The Melbourne Cricket Ground, also known simply as The G, is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park, Melbourne, Victoria. The MCG is within walking distance of the city centre and is served by the Richmond railway station, Richmond, and it is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct. Since it was built in 1853, the MCG has been in a state of almost constant renewal and it served as the centrepiece stadium of the 1956 Summer Olympics, the 2006 Commonwealth Games and two Cricket World Cups,1992 and 2015. The annual Boxing Day Test is one of the MCGs most popular events, the stadium fills to capacity for the AFL Grand Final. Concerts and other events are also held at the venue. The MCG is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and was included on the Australian National Heritage List in 2005, journalist Greg Baum called it a shrine, a citadel, a landmark, a totem that symbolises Melbourne to the world. Founded in November 1838 the Melbourne Cricket Club selected the current MCG site in 1853 after previously playing at several grounds around Melbourne, the club’s first game was against a military team at the Old Mint site, at the corner of William and Latrobe Streets. The area was subject to flooding, forcing the club to move again and it was not long before the club was forced out again, this time because of the expansion of the railway. The South Melbourne ground was in the path of Victoria’s first steam railway line from Melbourne to Sandridge and this last option, which is now Yarra Park, had been used by Aborigines until 1835. Between 1835 and 1853 it was an agistment area for colonial troopers’ horses, in 1850 it was part of a 200-acre stretch set aside for public recreation extending from Governor La Trobe’s Jolimont Estate to the Yarra River. By 1853 it had become a busy promenade for Melbourne residents, an MCC sub-committee chose the Richmond Park option because it was level enough for cricket but sloped enough to prevent inundation. That ground was located where the Richmond, or outer, end of the current MCG is now, at the same time the Richmond Cricket Club was given occupancy rights to six acres for another cricket ground on the eastern side of the Government Paddock. At the time of the grant the Government stipulated that the ground was to be used for cricket and cricket only. This condition remained until 1933 when the State Government allowed the MCG’s uses to be broadened to other purposes when not being used for cricket. In 1863 a corridor of land running diagonally across Yarra Park was granted to the Hobson’s Bay Railway, the area closest to the river was also developed for sporting purposes in later years including Olympic venues in 1956. The first grandstand at the MCG was the original wooden stand built in 1854. It was during this tour that the MCG hosted the worlds first Test match, in 1881 the original members stand was sold to the Richmond Cricket Club for £55. A new brick stand, considered at the time to be the world’s finest cricket facility, was built in its place, the foundation stone was laid by Prince George of Wales and Prince Albert Victor on 4 July and the stand opened in December that year
5.
Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize
6.
Cricket
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Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket at each end. One team bats, attempting to score as many runs as possible, each phase of play is called an innings. After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a number of overs have been completed, the innings ends. The winning team is the one that scores the most runs, including any extras gained, at the start of each game, two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play. The striker takes guard on a crease drawn on the four feet in front of the wicket. His role is to prevent the ball hitting the stumps by use of his bat. The other batsman, known as the non-striker, waits at the end of the pitch near the bowler. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, and a teammate replaces him, the bowlers objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman. An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler, the next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler. If a fielder retrieves the ball enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch. Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires, the laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball. Although crickets origins are uncertain, it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century and it spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century. ICC, the governing body, has over 100 members. The sport is followed primarily in Australasia, Britain, the Indian subcontinent, southern Africa, womens cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. A number of words have been suggested as sources for the term cricket, in the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598 it is called creckett. One possible source for the name is the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff, in Samuel Johnsons Dictionary, he derived cricket from cryce, Saxon, a stick
7.
Australian rules football
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The main way to score points is by kicking the oval-shaped ball between the two tall goal posts. The team with the score by the end of the match wins unless a draw is declared. During general play, players may position themselves anywhere on the field, the primary methods are kicking, handballing and running with the ball. There are rules on how the ball can be handled, for example, throwing the ball is not allowed and players must not get caught holding the ball. A distinctive feature of the game is the mark, where players anywhere on the field who catch a ball from a kick are awarded possession, possession of the ball is in dispute at all times except when a free kick or mark is paid. Players can tackle using their hands or use their body to obstruct opponents. The game features frequent physical contests, spectacular marking, fast movement of players and the ball and high scoring. The sports origins can be traced to matches played in Melbourne, Victoria in 1858. Its annual Grand Final is the highest attended club championship event in the world, the sport is also played at amateur level in many countries and in several variations. The games rules are governed by the AFL Commission with the advice of the AFLs Laws of the Game Committee, there is evidence of football being played sporadically in the Australian colonies in the first half of the 19th century. The earliest such match, held in St Kilda on 15 June, was between Melbourne Grammar and St Kilda Grammar. Born in Australia, Wills played a nascent form of rugby football whilst a pupil at Rugby School in England and his letter is regarded by many historians as giving impetus for the development of a new code of football today known as Australian football. Two weeks later, Wills friend, cricketer Jerry Bryant, posted an advertisement for a match at the Richmond Paddock adjoining the Melbourne Cricket Ground. This was the first of several kickabouts held that year involving members of the Melbourne Cricket Club, including Wills, Bryant, W. J. Hammersley, trees were used as goalposts and play typically lasted an entire afternoon. Without an agreed code of laws, some players were guided by rules they had learned in the British Isles. Another significant milestone in 1858 was a match played under experimental rules between Melbourne Grammar and Scotch College, held at the Richmond Paddock. This 40-a-side contest, umpired by Wills and Scotch College teacher John Macadam, began on 7 August and it is commemorated with a statue outside the MCG, and the two schools have competed annually ever since in the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, the worlds oldest continuous football competition. Since the early 20th century, it has suggested that Australian football was derived from the Irish sport of Gaelic football
8.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
9.
Punt Road Oval
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Punt Road Oval is a sporting ground located in Yarra Park, Richmond, Victoria situated only a few hundred metres to the east of the Melbourne Cricket Ground. In October 1855 an application was made for the Richmond Cricket Club to play matches on the Richmond paddock next to the occupied by the Melbourne Cricket Club. The first documented cricket match on the oval was played on 27 December 1856 and it was used as the home ground by the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football Association from 1885 to 1907 then in the Victorian Football League from 1908 to 1964. It was also used by the Melbourne Football Club during and immediately after World War II, not until late 1946 were Melbourne able to play the MCG again. Owing to the arrangement of the draw for 1942, South Melbourne played one game there against Hawthorn when Richmond had the bye. After the 1964 season, the capacity of the venue was to be reduced to only 22,000, after much of the outer was to be lost to the widening by 50 ft of Punt Road, a notorious traffic bottleneck. Under the stewardship of President Ray Dunn, Richmond negotiated to move its games to the Melbourne Cricket Ground starting from 1965. The last senior VFL game was played at the venue on 22 August 1964, the club retained the venue as its training and administrative base, despite moving its home games. In November 1999 it hosted a Mercantile Mutual Cup match between Victoria and Canberra, most Goals in a Match,14 by Doug Strang Highest Score, Richmond 30.19 Lowest Score, St Kilda 1. A statue of Tigers legend Jack Dyer is outside the ground, a $20 million redevelopment was completed in 2011. The venue remained the home ground for the Richmond Cricket Club from 1856 to the end of the 2010/11 season, in 2011/12, the naming rights for the ground were then sold to ME Bank and the ground is now known as Punt Road Oval at the ME Bank Centre. Since being re-established in 2014, the Richmond reserves team has played its VFL home games at the venue
10.
William Lonsdale (colonist)
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William Lonsdale supervised the founding of the official settlement at Port Phillip from 1836 and went on to serve under the Superintendent La Trobe from 1839 to 1854. Lonsdale was born in Den Helder, Batavian Republic, during Britains failed campaign to restore the deposed Prince William of Orange and his father, Lieutenant James Lonsdale, had been accompanied by his wife Jane. William at age 20 joined his fathers old regiment, the Kings Own Regiment of the Foot and he was soon joined by his younger brother, Alured. William and Alured served with their Regiment in the West Indies and on 4 March 1824 William was promoted Lieutenant and he returned to England and was posted to Portugal. By 1830 he was back in England and by 20 March 1831 his Regiment was posted to the Colony of New South Wales to relieve the 39th Regiment and he was to become a colonial administrator as well as his profession as a soldier. Lonsdale arrived in Sydney on 14 December 1831 with a detachment of troops guarding convicts on the Bussorah Merchant. During the next five years he served in the colony of New South Wales, whilst stationed at Port Macquarie, William was able to purchase his commission as a captain, and married Martha néeSmythe on 4 April 1835. He returned to Sydney Town and on 2 January 1836 was gazetted as a Magistrate of the Territory, William and Marthas first child, Alice Mary, was born at Parramatta on 20 February 1836. He immediately appointed Captain William Lonsdale as Chief Agent of Government, Police Magistrate and this effectively gave William Lonsdale authority that made him an unofficial Superintendent. There was added comment that if they became violent they were to be restrained by the gentlest means and he also had instructions from the Governor to submit direct to the Governor Confidential Reports on the developments at Port Phillip. It appears that the Governor was engaged in a struggle with Sydneys Colonial bureaucracy, labelled the Exclusives. This Confidential Report appeared necessary to ensure no one of significance gained too much advantage in any land development at this Port Phillip outpost. It also indicated that Captain William Lonsdale was held in esteem by Governor Sir Richard Bourke who had personally chosen him to manage this Port Phillip settlement foundation. Lonsdales salary was 300 pounds Sterling,50 pounds being deducted whilst he drew half pay from his Regiment as Commandant of a Company of the Kings Own 4th at Port Phillip and he received a 100-pound outfitting allowance for this new appointment. It was important that a warship of the Imperial Navy be present to reinforce the Governors power, only twenty-one days had elapsed from the time Governor Bourke received Imperial authority to establish the settlement to the time Lonsdale sailed in HMS Rattlesnake for Port Phillip. This speed reflected Bourkes concerns about the 200 illegal settlers at Port Phillip and he needed to act quickly, and to the overall credit of the Sydney public service, they arranged it all in three weeks, but then the Governor was determined to make it happen. Lonsdale finally arrived Port Phillip with his wife Martha, daughter Alice and his one assigned servant, on board HMS Rattlesnake, the survey cutter would join them later. A rock bar existed across the river at this point, the river pouring through a fissure in the rock and this location is where the present historic Customs House is now located
11.
Smokers v Non-Smokers
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Two first-class cricket matches billed as Smokers v Non-Smokers were played during the 1880s. Featuring players from Australia and England, each match occurred during a tour of one of countries by the others national team. The first match was won by the Non-Smokers, while in the second, which was drawn, the first match was played at the end of the Australian tour of England in 1884, and was held at Lords in aid of the Cricketers Fund Friendly Society. Eight of the tourists took part, four on each side, the Non-Smokers batted first, and then forced their opponents to follow on, aided by a strong batting performance from George Bonnor. The Smokers, batting twice, only finished thirteen runs ahead, in the second match, held in Australia two and a half years later, the contest once again featured a combination of Australian and English players. Aided by a Arthur Shrewsbury double century, the Non-Smokers set a new record for the highest innings in first-class cricket, as in the original match, the Smokers had to follow on, and when the match finished as a draw they were still almost 500 runs behind. The Australia national cricket team toured England in 1884, playing an itinerary of 32 matches, including three designated as Tests. At the end of the tour, a fixture was arranged by V. E. Walker. The match, which was described in The South Australian Advertiser as being novel and interesting, combined Australian, the match was played to raise money for the Cricketers Fund Friendly Society, in which it was considered very successful, raising in excess of £561. The reporter from The South Australian Advertiser judged that the Smokers had the stronger batsmen, lord Harris captained the Smokers, and called the toss wrong, the captain of the Non-Smokers, W. G. Grace, opted for his side to bat first. The Smokers team amused the crowd by walking out to field smoking cigarettes, the first three wickets fell for the addition of 38 runs, Grace scored 10, Murdoch got 4 and Bannerman had 22, bringing together Bonnor and Dick Barlow. The pair added 152 runs together, with the Lancashire professional Barlow playing a role to the Australian Bonnor. The latter scored 124 runs, and according to Wisden Cricketers Almanack, Bonnor hit a six and 16 fours during his innings, which was the only score over 50 in the match. The Smokers began their innings late on the first day, by that stage, the pitch had deteriorated and light was poor, making batting more difficult. By the end of the days play forty minutes later, they had lost four wickets, W. G. Grace was the pick of the bowlers, taking five wickets for 29 runs. A first-innings deficit of 139 runs meant that the Smokers were forced to follow on, beginning their second innings after lunch, there was a little improvement for the Smokers, though six of the team were dismissed without reaching double figures. Gunn top-scored for his side, remaining 43 not out at the end of the innings, while Charles Thornton, despite these scores, the Smokers only reached 152, leaving the Non-Smokers needing 14 runs to win the match. Grace collected three wickets in this second innings, but he was bettered by Barlow, who took five for 24
12.
Victoria cricket team
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The Victoria cricket team, currently named Victorian Bushrangers, is an Australian first class cricket team based in Melbourne, Victoria. The Victoria cricket team, which first played in 1851, represents the state of Victoria in the Sheffield Shield first-class competition, the teams primary home ground is the MCG, but Junction Oval is used as its home ground if the MCG is not available. The team is administered by Cricket Victoria and draws its players from Victorias Premier Cricket competition, Victoria also played in the now-defunct Twenty20 competition, the KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, which has been replaced by the current Big Bash League. In recent years, Victoria has won the Sheffield Shield in the 2009/10, 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons and it also won the first three KFC Twenty20 Big Bash finals. The Bushrangers captain is Matthew Wade, who replaced the decade-long captain Cameron White, however, the first official inter-colonial game was contested between Victoria and Tasmania in 1851, in Launceston. The first game between the great rivals Victoria and New South Wales was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1856, the annual Sheffield Shield tournament first began in the 1892/93 season, contested by Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia. Victoria won that tournament by defeating both opponents twice each, during the history of the Shield, Victoria has won the competition 30 times, most recently in the 2015/16 season. The Victorian Cricket Association, now Cricket Victoria, was founded in 1895 and is located in Melbourne, Victoria has been a powerful force in Australian cricket and the Australian cricket team has, at least until recent decades, never been short of Victorians in the line up. The tradition of starting a match at the MCG on Boxing Day also featured Victoria when they played New South Wales in 1965. Throughout its history, Victoria has worn a blue cap. The team logo features the famous Australian bushranger Ned Kelly, wielding a cricket bat, the logo changes slightly every few seasons with the change of official sponsors. The current major sponsor of the team is the Commonwealth Bank, squad for the 2016/17 domestic season. Players with international caps are listed in bold
13.
South Australia cricket team
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The South Australia cricket team, named West End Redbacks, nicknamed the Southern Redbacks, is an Australian mens professional first class cricket team based in Adelaide, South Australia. Their Ryobi One Day Cup uniform features a red body with black sleeves and they are known as the West End Redbacks due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, South Australia came into the 2015/2016 Matador Cup with a new coach named Jamie Siddons. The Redbacks started the 50,50 cup well with a six wicket win over Western Australia, skipper Travis Head scored 202 and Callum Ferguson 112. The Redbacks played the next 3 matches were against New South Wales, Queensland, the Redbacks won 2 out 3 of those games, losing one game to New South Wales. The next game was against arch-rivals the Victoria Bushrangers, South Australia batted first, making 198 runs thanks to a half century from Jake Lehmann and a 3 wicket haul to Kane Richardson. The next match was against Cricket Australia academy side where the Redbacks put 244 on the courtesy of a 113 run partnership between Tom cooper and Jake Lehmann. The Redbacks bowled well knocking the Academy side out for 168 thanks to the twins of Tom Andrew and Adam Zampa. The Redbacks qualified for the semi-final of The Matador Cup with 5 wins and this was the first time that they had qualified since 2011. The semi-final was against the Victorian Bushrangers, the Redbacks started poorly being 4,62 off 16 overs and then a much needed 50 run partnership between Alex Ross and Tom Cooper. In the last 10 overs SA scored 83 runs off the last 10 overs thanks to a useful 99 runs from Alex Ross and 33 runs from Joe Mennie to finish on 7,250 off 50 overs. The Redbacks started their bowling efforts well by getting Aaron Finch out with a direct hit run out from Jake Lehmann. 1 run later Glen Maxwell was swiftly caught at point by Alex ross at this stage the Victorian side was 5,149 needing 102 runs off 69 balls at a run rate of 9.3 required. SA swiftly knocked the tail over for a very cheap 44 runs this was amazing, the final was against New South Wales. The cricket team of New South Wales had ten players, who had represented Australia in any form of the game, South Australia won the toss and elected to bat first. Skipper Travis Head was clean-bowled for 1 by Mitchell Starc, at this stage, SA were 2 out with 12 runs. Tom Cooper and Callum Ferguson made a 154 run between them, the tail only contributed 48 runs, resulting in the Redbacks being all out for 221 off 46.3 overs. New South Wales quickly score 222 runs off of only 30 overs thanks to ED Cowan, NSW where premiers of the cup
14.
Tasmania cricket team
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The Tasmanian cricket team, nicknamed the Tigers, represents the Australian state of Tasmania in cricket. The Tasmanian Tigers are administered and selected by the Tasmanian Cricket Association, however Tasmania had representative sides prior to the establishment of the TCA. Tasmania played in the very first first-class cricket match in Australia against Victoria in 1851, Tasmania were finally admitted to regular competitions when they became a founding member of the Gillette Cup domestic one day cricket tournament upon its inception in 1969. They have performed well in it, particularly recently, winning it four times, in 1978–79, 2004–05, 2007–08 and they have also been runners-up twice, in 1977–78 and 1986–87. By the 1979–80 season, they had become participants. The Tigers won their long-awaited first Sheffield Shield in the 2006–07 season—after almost 30 years in the competition—and their second five years later in 2010–11 and they have also been runner-up three times, in 1993–94, 1997–98, and 2001–02. The Tigers were also runners-up in the KFC Twenty20 Big Bash in 2006–07, Tasmania play their limited overs cricket in a predominantly green uniform, with red and gold as their secondary colours, and have a Tasmanian tiger as their team logo. They play home matches at Bellerive Oval, Clarence on Hobarts Eastern Shore, though matches are played at venues in Devonport. The Tasmanian Tigers are currently sponsored by PKF, Cricket almost certainly has been played in Tasmania since the time of European settlement in 1803. It was a pastime among marines, who were responsible for security in the fledgling colony. The first recorded match is known to have taken place in 1806, according to the colonys chaplain, and famed diarist, Robert Knopwood by 1814 the game had become very popular, especially around the festive season at Christmas. By the 1820s there had not been any official club organisation. Cricket is recorded as having played in the settlements at Richmond, Clarence Plains, Kempton, Sorell, in the Macquarie Valley west of Campbell Town, Westbury, Evandale, Longford. Many of these seem to have been organised between hotel licensees, in order to create profits through the sale of food and beverages. Accounts of such matches suggest games were played in atrocious conditions due to winter rains. But by the 1830s, logic had prevailed and cricket seems to have reverted to the summer months. Club cricket had also become well-established by the 1830s, One of the earliest men responsible for organising cricket within the colony was John Marshall, who was established the Hobart Town Club soon after his arrival from England. Cricket had soon spread into many regional settlements throughout the Colony of Tasmania
15.
Victoria (Australia)
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Victoria is a state in southeast Australia. Victoria is Australias most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall, most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city, Melbourne, Australias second-largest city. Prior to British European settlement, the area now constituting Victoria was inhabited by a number of Aboriginal peoples. With Great Britain having claimed the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay, and much of what is now Victoria was included in the Port Phillip District in 1836, Victoria was officially created as a separate colony in 1851, and achieved self-government in 1855. Politically, Victoria has 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate, at state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. Victoria is currently governed by the Labor Party, with Daniel Andrews the current Premier, the personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau. Local government is concentrated in 79 municipal districts, including 33 cities, although a number of unincorporated areas still exist, Victorias total gross state product is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita because of its limited mining activity. Culturally, Melbourne is home to a number of museums, art galleries and theatres and is described as the sporting capital of Australia. The Melbourne Cricket Ground is the largest stadium in Australia, and the host of the 1956 Summer Olympics, Victoria has eight public universities, with the oldest, the University of Melbourne, having been founded in 1853. Victoria, like Queensland, was named after Queen Victoria, who had been on the British throne for 14 years when the colony was established in 1851. The first British settlement in the later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. In the year 1826 Colonel Stewart, Captain S. Wright, fly and the brigs Dragon and Amity, took a number of convicts and a small force composed of detachments of the 3rd and 93rd regiments. Victorias next settlement was at Portland, on the south west coast of what is now Victoria, edward Henty settled Portland Bay in 1834. Melbourne was founded in 1835 by John Batman, who set up a base in Indented Head, from settlement the region around Melbourne was known as the Port Phillip District, a separately administered part of New South Wales. Shortly after the now known as Geelong was surveyed by Assistant Surveyor W. H. Smythe. And in 1838 Geelong was officially declared a town, despite earlier white settlements dating back to 1826, days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries occurred at sites across Victoria
16.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
17.
Lakeside Stadium
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Lakeside Stadium is a sports arena in Albert Park, Melbourne, Australia. The venue was built on the site of the former Australian rules football and cricket ground, in its early days, the ground was considered one of the best in the league, and was the venue for the 1901 VFL Grand Final. South Melbourne used the ground for games until the end of the 1981 VFL season. The last senior VFL match played at Lake Oval was on Saturday,29 August 1981, the club continued to use Lake Oval for reserves matches for several years after 1981. Night premiership matches in the Victorian Football Association in 1957 and 1958 and night interstate matches, the ground record crowd for Lake Oval was set on 30 July 1932 when 41,000 turned out to see Carlton defeat South Melbourne by nine points. For a time during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the struggling Fitzroy Football Club used the ground as a training, the Old Xaverians Football Club of the Victorian Amateur Football Association was based there in 1993 and 1994. The oval was home to the South Melbourne Cricket Club during the summer, a remnant of the old Lake Oval structure, a grandstand built in 1926, still remains standing at the venue. It had not been used for years, and had fallen into disrepair. Its continued existence was the subject of debate, under the re-modeling of the venue in 2011, the stand was refurbished to house the VIS. The stadium was built with a capacity of 14,000 people, at one stage, a second two tiered stand for the outer side was proposed, but only preliminary plans were produced. The Victorian Institute of Sport, Athletics Victoria and South Melbourne FC would share tenancy of the venue, major Projects Victoria committed $60 million to the project. South Melbourne played its final match under Lakeside Stadiums previous configuration in April 2010, the synthetic 8-lane athletics track was constructed to international IAAF standards. A 6-lane 60 metre warm-up track was also constructed, the remodelling also saw a FIFA-sized natural grass soccer pitch, a new electronic scoreboard, upgraded lighting, a new northern stand and new spectator amenities. The old grandstand was renovated to accommodate offices. In March 2012, the hosted the Melbourne Track Classic. The venue is operated by the State Sports Centre Trust, the operators of the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre, middle Park Lakeside Stadium homepage Lakeside Stadium at Austadiums Around the Grounds - Web Documentary - Lakeside Oval Template, W-League stadiums
18.
Carlton Football Club
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The Carlton Football Club, nicknamed the Blues, is a professional Australian rules football club based in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1864 in Carlton, an suburb of Melbourne, the club competes in the Australian Football League. Its nickname comes from the blue colour of its playing uniform. The club has fielded a team in the AFL Womens league since its establishment in 2017. Carlton has had a long and successful history, together with fierce rivals Collingwood, Richmond and Essendon, Carlton was considered historically to be one of the leagues Big Four clubs, and enjoys a healthy rivalry with all three others. The Carlton Football Club was formed in July 1864, in the early days, Carlton became particularly strong and having grown a large supporter base. It became a rival to the Melbourne Football Club in early competition, including the South Yarra Challenge Cup. Carlton won four premierships during the era in the 1870s. In 1877, Carlton became one of the clubs of the Victorian Football Association. He died of tuberculosis in 1883, aged 27, in spite of this, the club was invited to join the breakaway Victorian Football League competition in 1897. The club continued to struggle in early seasons of the new competition, Carltons fortunes improved significantly in 1902. The Board elected the highly respected former Fitzroy footballer and Australian test cricketer Jack Worrall, then the secretary of the Carlton Cricket Club, to the same position at the football club. As secretary, Worrall slowly took over the managing of the players, under Worralls guidance in the latter part of the 1902 season, Carltons on-field performances improved, and in 1903 he led Carlton to the finals for the first time. Carlton built a reputation and financial position, and was able to convince many great players to shift to the club from other clubs. Worrall led the club to its first three VFL premierships, won consecutively, in 1906,1907 and 1908, some players had become frustrated by low payments and hard training standards, and responded by refusing to train or even play matches. The club removed Worrall from the role, and after significant changes at board level after the 1909 season. Many players who had supported Worrall left the club at the end of the season, then, in 1910, several players were suspected of having taken bribes to fix matches, with two players both found guilty and suspended for 99 matches. Despite this backdrop, Carlton continued its strong form, reaching the 1909 and 1910 Grand Finals
19.
George Coulthard
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George Coulthard was an Australian cricketer and Australian rules footballer. However, in a VFA first, Coulthard was suspended in 1882 for fighting during play, recognised as the games first bona fide superstar, he was an inaugural inductee into the Australian Football Hall of Fame. As a cricketer, he played for the Melbourne Cricket Club, represented Victoria in five first-class intercolonial matches, Coulthard was co-officiating the game with Edmund Barton, later the first Prime Minister of Australia. A working class professional, Coulthard ran a tobacco and sporting goods store in Lygon Street and he died of tuberculosis in 1883, aged 27, after suffering from the illness for over a year. He was survived by his wife and baby daughter, Coulthard first started playing club-level football in 1874 for Carlton Imperial, a junior side sometimes referred to as the training establishment of the senior Carlton Football Club. He proved to be a match-winner for the Imperials with his goal-kicking, starting off as one of Carltons followers, he was described by The Footballer as a rising and most promising player. The Victorian Football Association was established the year with Carlton as one of its twelve foundation member clubs. This peculiar style of passing is really a treat to witness, as was expected, each club won the match played by its own rules, and Coulthard was appraised as one of two Carlton footballers who adapted best to rugby. The clubs met again in Melbourne, repeating the code switch, Coulthard stood out in both fixtures and joined the Waratahs on several occasions, broadening his skill set. He quickly dominated at rugby, scoring all five goals and four tries in one of his first games for the club, Coulthard was remembered decades later for the Rugby men how their game should be played. Following its encounters with Carlton, the Waratahs adopted Australian rules, and for a time, Coulthard accepted an invitation from Phil Sheridan, a trustee of the Sydney Cricket Ground, to travel to Sydney with the aim of fostering Australian rules in the city. On 15 September 1877, soon after his arrival, Coulthard joined several local footballers on a trip in Sydney Harbour. The group was anchored near Shark Island when Coulthard, sitting on the gunwale with the back of his tailcoat hanging over the side, was pulled overboard by a monster shark,13 feet long. The shark had seized his coattails trailing on the water and dragged him beneath the surface some ten or twelve feet until it tore the coat from his body, shaken by the event, Coulthard returned to Melbourne within a week, where he resumed playing for Carlton. The club denied widely circulated rumours that it had lured its star player back with financial incentives, Coulthard was instrumental in maintaining Carltons supremacy and was voted by The Australasian in its end-of-season review as one of the VFAs best backline players. Carlton was considered the best side early on in the 1878 VFA season with Coulthard putting in best-on-ground efforts for the club, however,1878 saw provincial Geelong develop a dynasty that would dominate the competition well into the 1880s. Coulthard capped off the season with 18 goals, the most of any player that year, in July, in Melbourne, Victoria defeated South Australia in the first football contest between two colonies. Coulthard contributed two goals for Victoria in a display, and again led the way when his colony trounced South Australia in the return match a few days later
20.
Geelong Football Club
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The Geelong Football Club, nicknamed the Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong, Australia and playing in the Australian Football League. The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times, with three in the AFL era and they have also won nine McClelland Trophies, a record shared with Essendon. The club was formed in 1859, making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world. Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a club of both the Victorian Football Association in 1877 and the Victorian Football League in 1897. The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships, the club won a further six premierships by 1963, before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership—an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final. Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011, the clubs home ground is Kardinia Park, currently also known by its sponsorship name Simonds Stadium. However, the club also hosts matches at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Geelongs traditional guernsey colours are blue and white hoops. The clubs nickname, The Cats, was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck, the clubs official team song and anthem is We Are Geelong. Geelong Football Club was formally established at a meeting held in the Victoria Hotel on 18 July 1859, the club contested its first match of Australian rules football against Melbourne at Argyle Square in 1860, which finished as a scoreless draw. In 1863, Geelong travelled to Melbourne to contest the Caledonian Challenge Cup, although the competition was played under compromised rules, Geelong reached the final and defeated Melbourne to become the second winners of the cup. The club continued to contest the cup in the following years, during this time, Tom Wills—one of the founders of Australian football—played exclusively for the club from 1865 until his retirement from football in 1874. Following the formation of the Victorian Football Association in 1877, Geelong joined the association as one of its foundation clubs. The club relocated to Corio Oval as its home ground in time for the 1878 season. In 1924, following the death of VFL and Geelong administrator Charles Brownlow, the first player to win the award was Geelongs Edward Greeves. Having been one of the dominant clubs in the old VFA and it wasnt until 1925 that the club won its first VFL premiership. Geelong followed up with further wins in 1931 and 1937. In 1941, the club was forced to relocate from its Corio Oval base due to the oval being required for training during World War 2
21.
Interstate matches in Australian rules football
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Australian rules football matches between teams representing Australian colonies/states and territories have been held since 1879. For most of the 20th century, the absence of a club competition. Football historian John Devaney has argued that, some of the state of origin contests which took place during the 1980s constituted arguably the finest expositions of the game ever seen, until 1976, interstate Australian rules football games were played by teams representing the major football leagues or organisations. From 1977 to 1999, players were selected under State of Origin selection rules. Since 2000, all matches have been between teams representing the state or territorial leagues. Players from the AFL no longer take part in interstate matches, the matches have mostly been held on a stand-alone basis. However, an Australian Football Carnival, a championship series. Between 1937 and 1988 the player judged the best at each of these carnivals was awarded the Tassie Medal, between 1953 and 1988, the selection of All Australian Teams was based on players performance during Australian Football Carnivals, and the team was named after each carnival concluded. Victoria the birthplace of Australian rules and, with contributing factors such as population and finances, dominated the first hundred years of intercolonial and this was the case in the first ever interstate game, held on Tuesday,1 July 1879, at East Melbourne Cricket Ground. The final score was Victoria 7.14 to South Australia 0.3, the match was attended by more than 10,000 people. Tasmania played its first game, against Victoria, in 1887, New Zealand entered the competition with a victory over NSW in Sydney, in 1889. Western Australia played its first two games in 1904, including a win over SA in Adelaide. The VFA did not take part and the carnival was New Zealands last appearance in representative football, the Victorian team went through the competition undefeated. This impression was reiterated by the 1911 Carnival, in Adelaide, Victoria only lost one game, against SA. At the Sydney carnival of 1914, Victoria was once again undefeated, following the onset of World War I interstate matches went into a five-year hiatus. During this period matches were held every year, and interstate carnivals were held usually every 3 years. In most carnivals, the states competed separately from the minor states. At the peak of its popularity, the carnival was known symbolically as the Ashes of Australian rules football, Victoria continued its dominance in interstate football by winning 15 of the 17 carnivals held during this time, and usually winning the individual matches held every year
22.
Victorian Football League
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The Victorian Football League is the major state-level Australian rules football league in Victoria. The league evolved from the former Victorian Football Association, and has been known by its current name since 1996. The VFA was formed in 1877 and is the second-oldest Australian rules football league, initially serving a primarily administrative function, the VFA premiership served as the top level of club competition in Victoria until 1896. The VFA became the level of club competition from 1897 after its eight strongest clubs seceded to form the VFL. From 1897 until 1995, the VFA remained independent from the VFL as Victorias secondary senior club competition and it presently comprises 14 teams from throughout Victoria, eight of which have a continuous VFA heritage. The Victorian Football Association was founded on 17 May 1877 at the meeting of club secretaries immediately preceding the 1877 season. Decisions were made based on a vote of the Board of Management, the five foundation senior clubs in the Melbourne metropolitan area were Albert-park, Carlton, Hotham, Melbourne and St Kilda. There was no system of promotion and relegation between the senior and junior levels, with it largely at a clubs discretion whether or not it joined the Association as a paying senior member. The affiliation fee for senior clubs was initially set at one guinea, through the first decade of the VFAs existence, the structure of the football season did not change significantly from the informal system which had evolved over previous years. Premierships won under this method are now considered official. Three Ballarat-based clubs – Ballarat, Ballarat Imperial and South Ballarat – were also voting members of the VFA through this time, the two new competitions competed in parallel from their respective 1897 seasons. Because the VFA was independent from the VFL, the VFA had the power to set its own rules, the VFA reduced the number of on-field players from twenty to eighteen in 1897, a move followed by the VFL two years later. The VFA tried reducing the number of players further to 17 in 1908, then to 16 in 1912, the VFA went into recess during World War I, with the 1916 and 1917 seasons cancelled and the 1915 and 1918 seasons shortened. Over first thirty years of the VFAs independence, its relationship with the VFL was, in general, the loss of the VFAs strongest three clubs to the VFL in 1925 firmly cemented the VFA as the second tier competition in the state. Between 1925 and 1929, the addition of outer suburban clubs in Coburg, Camberwell, the relationship with the VFL improved, and a new permit reciprocity agreement was established in 1931. In 1938, the VFA made a rule change by legalising throwing of the football in general play. The change helped to speed up the game, and introduced more run-and-carry play in an era which had previously dominated by a long-kicking style. Additionally, the VFA ended its agreement with the VFL
23.
South Australia
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South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country, with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres, it is the fourth-largest of Australias states and territories. Other population centres in the state are relatively small, the state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories. The majority of its people reside in Adelaide, most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray. The states colonial origins are unique in Australia as a settled, planned British province. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the colony was proclaimed at the Old Gum Tree by Governor John Hindmarsh, as with the rest of the continent, the region had been long occupied by Aboriginal peoples, who were organised into numerous tribes and languages. The first British settlement to be established was Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, on 26 July 1836, the guiding principle behind settlement was that of systematic colonisation, a theory espoused by Edward Gibbon Wakefield that was later employed by the New Zealand Company. The goal was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants, promising civil liberties, although its history is marked by economic hardship, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, it is known for its wine and numerous cultural festivals. The states economy is dominated by the agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries, the state has an increasingly significant finance sector as well. Evidence of human activity in South Australia dates back as far as 20,000 years, with flint mining activity, in addition wooden spears and tools were made in an area now covered in peat bog in the South East. Kangaroo Island was inhabited long before the island was cut off by rising sea levels, thijssen named his discovery Pieter Nuyts Land, after the highest ranking individual on board. The complete coastline of South Australia was first mapped by Matthew Flinders, the land which now forms the state of South Australia was claimed for Britain in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales. Although the new colony included almost two-thirds of the continent, early settlements were all on the eastern coast and it took more than forty years before any serious proposal to establish settlements in the south-western portion of New South Wales were put forward. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834, the act stated that 802,511 square kilometres would be allotted to the colony and it would be convict-free. In contrast to the rest of Australia, terra nullius did not apply to the new province, although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters. Settlement of seven vessels and 636 people was made at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island. The first immigrants arrived at Holdfast Bay in November 1836, the Colonisation Commissioners intended to establish a police service as soon as misconduct within the increasing population warranted it
24.
University of Melbourne
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The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australias second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria, Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world. Melbournes main campus is located in Parkville, a suburb north of the Melbourne central business district. Melbourne is a university and a member of the Group of Eight, Universitas 21. Since 1872 various residential colleges have become affiliated with the university, there are 12 colleges located on the main campus and in nearby suburbs offering academic, sporting and cultural programs alongside accommodation for Melbourne students and faculty. Amongst Melbournes 15 graduate schools the Melbourne Business School, the Melbourne Law School, four Australian prime ministers and five governors-general have graduated from Melbourne. Nine Nobel laureates have been students or faculty, the most of any Australian university, the university was established by Act of Incorporation on 22 January 1853, with power to confer degrees in arts, medicine, laws and music. The act provided for an endowment of £9,000. The original buildings were opened by the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Victoria, Sir Charles Hotham. The first chancellor, Redmond Barry, held the position until his death in 1880, the inauguration of the university was made possible by the wealth resulting from Victorias gold rush. The institution was designed to be an influence at a time of rapid settlement. In 1881, the admission of women was a seen as victory over the conservative ruling council. The universitys 150th anniversary was celebrated in 2003, as of May 2009 the university suspended the Bachelor of Music Theatre and Puppetry courses at the college and there were fears they may not return under the new curriculum. New dean Sharman Pretty outlined drastic changes under the plan for the college in early April 2009. As a result, it is now being called into question whether the university have upheld that agreement, staff at the college responded to the changes, claiming the university did not value vocational arts training, and voicing fears over the future of quality training at the VCA. Melbourne University has 12 residential colleges in total, seven of which are located in an arc around the oval at the northern edge of the campus. The other five are located outside of university grounds, the residential colleges aim to provide accommodation and holistic education experience to university students. Several of the earliest campus buildings, such as the Old Quadrangle and Baldwin Spencer buildings, the new Wilson Hall replaced the original building which was destroyed by fire
25.
Trinity College (University of Melbourne)
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Trinity College is the oldest residential college of the University of Melbourne. Founded in 1872 on a site granted to the Church of England for the university, Trinity is unique among Australian university colleges in the scope of its educational programs, Trinity College was founded in 1872 by the first Anglican Bishop of Melbourne, Charles Perry. The college was affiliated with the University of Melbourne in 1876, the Trinity College Theological School was founded by Bishop James Moorhouse in 1877. In 1883 the college became the first university college in Australia to admit women when Lilian Helen Alexander was accepted as a non-resident student. With the establishment of the Trinity Womens Hostel in 1886, Trinity admitted women as resident students, in 1989 the Trinity Education Centre, later renamed Trinity College Foundation Studies, was established to prepare international students for entry to the University of Melbourne. In 2011 Trinity commenced operating Edith Head Hall, formerly a hostel run by the Girls Friendly Society, since 2001, Trinity has also offered summer school programs to high school age students from around Australia and internationally. In 2010 the college hosted its first Juilliard Winter Jazz School and these short courses form the core of the Trinity Institute. Situated to the north of the university campus, Trinitys various ivy-clad stone and brick buildings surround a large grassed area. Foundation Studies Centre, Located at 33–35 Royal Parade, the FSC building has a number of tutorial rooms, literature, drama and history of ideas staff are located here. The building also has a student common room with sofas, tables,715 Swanston Street, Trinity occupies two floors of this building. It has two theatres and tutorial rooms. The Swanston Street building serves as a student welfare precinct, with the student welfare office, student counsellor, departments with staff located here are, examinations, extended programs, timetabling, mathematics, economics and chemistry. A computer lab can also be found here, the study area is often used for quiet study and lunch. Swanston Street also houses The Prayer Space – a room set aside for quiet reflection, prayer, facilities for ablutions are also provided for students of the Islamic faith. 199 Grattan Street, This is where student services is located, student services organises orientations, valedictories and excursions during term breaks to locations such as Mount Baw Baw, Uluru, the Great Ocean Road and Sydney. The building also has a room and a drama room. A number of staff are also located here. Also in this building is a student common room with table tennis and foosball facilities,29 Royal Parade, This is where most English for Academic Purposes classes are held
26.
Ormond College
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Ormond College is the largest of the residential colleges of the University of Melbourne located in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is home to 358 undergraduates,48 graduates and 27 professorial, the University of Melbourne was established by an act of the Parliament of Victoria in 1853. Seventy-five of the one hundred acres of the university site were set aside for residential colleges, ten acres each were allotted to the Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist and Roman Catholic churches, the remaining area being reserved for sporting facilities. The Anglican Church was the first to accept the offer and Trinity College opened in 1872, a subscription list was opened, with a target of £10,000, on this list Francis Ormonds name appears against a donation of £3,000. Immediate steps were taken to raise the money, in the course of three years, some £38,000 were raised, of which Francis Ormond contributed £22,571. The foundation stone of the college was laid by the Governor of Victoria, George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby, the formal opening of the college took place on 18 March 1881. At this ceremony it was announced that Francis Ormond had offered to bear the whole cost of building, on opening there were 20 students, soon growing to 24. Ormond College was unique amongst University of Melbourne colleges in welcoming students of all faiths and none, Students of other Christian denominations, Jewish students and others were welcomed and this has become a cornerstone of the Colleges inclusive ethos. In honour of the jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887. In 1893 the dining hall, kitchens, staff quarters and the lodge were opened. The magnificent neo-Gothic dining hall is reminiscent of an Oxbridge building and is compared to Hogwarts. The next addition to the buildings of the college was the Wyselaskie building, john Dickson Wyselaskie was a Western District squatter, who also gave generously to the Presbyterian Ladies College. The building contained a hall and two residences for theological professors and was adapted and divided in 1968 so as to provide for four residences. On 6 July 1887, the portrait of Francis Ormond, which now hangs above Hall Door, was unveiled by Sir James McBain. In honour of the jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887. In 1893 the dining hall, kitchens, staff quarters and the lodge were opened. On either side of the end window of the hall are effigies representing Francis, from the beginning Ormond accepted women as non-residents, able to attend tutorials and participate in college life whilst living offsite with funding from the College. Female students were amongst its most illustrious early scholars, later, from 1961-1974, female students were able to live in college in return for waitressing duties and attend tutorials, they were admitted as members of the Ormond College Students Club in 1969
27.
North Melbourne Football Club
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It is based at the Arden Street Oval in the inner Melbourne suburb of North Melbourne, Victoria, but plays its home matches at the nearby Docklands Stadium. The clubs mascot is a kangaroo, and its use dates from the middle of the 20th century. The club is also known as The Shinboners, a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins. The clubs motto is Victoria amat curam, Latin for Victory Demands Dedication, in two aspects North Melbourne stands second to none. One is the loyalty of its supporters, the other is the determination to carry on, despite its disadvantages. In the face of adversity, which might well have broken the spirit of most men, North Melbourne Football Club originated in the year 1869, when a football team was formed for local cricketers desiring to keep fit over the winter months. Information on the clubs first ever match is limited, but it is known that it took place in Royal Park, the ball used in the match was purchased by a local resident called Tom Jacks, who sold some roofing iron to pay for it. James Henry Gardiner is considered the founder of the club and he continued an active role with North Melbourne until his death in 1921. Regular premiership matches of Australian Football commenced in Victoria in 1870, Although North Melbourne was a part of this, it was classed as a junior club. The Australasian noted them as being one of the best of junior clubs. The club continued to develop, graduating to senior ranks in 1874 finishing 4th, along with the promotion, the club adopted its first uniform of blue and white horizontal stripes. In 1877, the club was re-established as a club under the new name of Hotham. Football took a giant step forward in 1877, with the formation of Victorias first colonial football league, Hotham were prime movers in establishing this league and were afforded a place in light of their previous contributions to Australian Football. The 1880s marked the emergence of the identity we now associate with North today. In 1882, the club amalgamated with the Hotham Cricket Club and moved into the North Melbourne Recreation Reserve, the joint venture was aimed at affecting improvements at the Hotham Cricket Ground, which was the name of the Reserve at the time. Four years later the club adopted the uniform of blue and white vertical stripes at the insistence of the VFA. The third significant development occurred in 1888 with the returning to its original name of the North Melbourne Football Club. This followed the name of the local area reverting from Hotham to North Melbourne, the 1880s saw the club develop a penchant for inter-colonial travel with trips to Tasmania and South Australia
28.
Melbourne University Football Club
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Melbourne University Football Club, often known simply as University, is an Australian rules football club, representing the Blacks, Blues and MUGARS. The club achieved prominence by being a member of Victorias elite competition in the early 20th century, University was founded in 1859 by students and graduates of the University of Melbourne. The first report of the university participating in a match was against St Kilda in June 1859, according to ‘Gymnastic’, writing in the sporting newspaper Bells Life in Victoria, the ‘long pending match’ finally came off between two teams of 15. University was captained by a player called Phillips and St Kilda emerged the winners and that same year it played against teams from Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne, Royal Park and South Yarra. In 1861, University defeated Melbourne to win the first ever trophy for Australian football, during the 1870s, the club played in the Second Twenties competition, one level lower than the main competition, the South Yarra Challenge Cup. From 1885 to 1888, University played in the VFA which at the time was the major governing body. On 4 October 1907 the eight founding clubs of the VFL voted unanimously to include University in the league as its ninth team, richmond Football Club became the 10th team two weeks later. The club was nicknamed The Students, The Professors and The Shop, the players wore a black guernsey with a blue chevron and blue collars and cuffs, black and blue socks and an optional black and blue cap. Players had to have matriculated or hold a degree to be eligible to play in the team. The club was not particularly successful, it never finished higher than sixth in the ten-team competition and it finished last in the competition from 1911 to 1914, and lost its last 51 games in a row. In total, it played 126 games for 27 wins,2 draws and 97 losses between 1908 and 1914, as a consequence, the club withdrew from the VFL at the end of 1914. Bert Hurrey played the most amount of games for the club, the following is a list of coaches to have coached the club in the VFL. P = Played W = Won L = Lost D = Drew W% = Win percentage In the summer of 1919, after the War, Melbourne University began to rebuild its football involvement. Deciding not to reapply for a position in the VFL, they were requested by the VFL to supply two teams to the newly formed VFL Reserves competition, or the Victorian Junior Football League. These two teams were initially called University A and B, but soon known as University Blues and University Blacks. Both contested the 1921 MAFA Grand Final, with the Blacks winning what to date is the grand final the two teams have contested in the MAFA or VAFA. Melbourne University students and alumni continue to maintain their involvement in football through the Blues, the Blues and Blacks play in the Victorian Amateur Football Association, and have been a perennial power in the highest division of a high-standard amateur competition. Up until the 1950s, the Blacks were the leading University side as well as one of the dominant sides in the Amateur competition, winning 11 A Section premierships by 1949
29.
1908 VFL season
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The 1908 Victorian Football League season was the 12th season of the elite Australian rules football competition. Both Richmond Football Club and University Football Club were admitted to the VFL competition, each team played each other twice in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds. Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1908 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format, Carlton defeated Essendon 5.5 to 3.8. The 1908 VFL Premiership team was Carlton, the VFLs leading goalkicker was Dick Lee of Collingwood with 54 goals. Geelong took the spoon in 1908. Richmond Football Club and University Football Club admitted to the VFL competition, in the first round match between Fitzroy and South Melbourne at the Brunswick Street Oval an umpire was hit by a stone thrown by a spectator. The sixth round match between Fitzroy and Essendon, also at the Brunswick Street Oval, was an affair that resulted in a number of suspensions. A horde of Fitzroy supporters invaded the ground immediately the final bell had rung, kicking, punching, Essendon fans also jumped the fence, in order to protect their players. 1908 Melbourne Carnival 1908 VFL Grand Final Hogan, P, the Tigers Of Old, The Richmond Football Club,1996. ISBN 0-646-18748-1 Maplestone, M. Flying Higher, History of the Essendon Football Club 1872-1996, ISBN 0-9591740-2-8 Rogers, S. & Brown, A. Every Game Ever Played, VFL/AFL Results 1897-1997, Viking Books,1998, ISBN 0-670-86814-01908 Season - AFL Tables Full Points Footy Report,1908 Melbourne Carnival
30.
1910 VFL season
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The 1910 Victorian Football League season was the 14th season of the elite Australian rules football competition. Each team played each other twice in a season of 18 rounds. Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1910 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format, Collingwood defeated Carlton 9.7 to 6.11, in front of a crowd of 42,577 people. The 1910 VFL Premiership team was Collingwood, the VFLs leading goalkicker was Dick Lee of Collingwood with 58 goals. St Kilda, took the “wooden spoon” in 1910, former Carlton coach Jack Worrall is appointed umpires coach, with a view to raising standards and decreasing violence. Round 2, originally scheduled for 7 May, was postponed by one week, Topping was suspended for the remainder of 1910 and all of 1911 as a result of the incident. Field umpire A. Noseda awards 100 free kicks in a single match, VFL conducts an inquiry into allegations that particular players from Carlton, Fitzroy, Melbourne, and South Melbourne had been paid to play dead. In particular, Carltons Doug Gillespie, Alex Bongo Lang, Gillespie was exonerated, while Lang and Fraser were each suspended for five years. St. Kilda, after losing its first seventeen games, defeated minor premier Carlton in an upset in the last round to avoid its expected fifth winless season. It remains the worst start by a VFL/AFL team that did not finish winless, there was speculation that the issue between the two was connected with the suspension of George Topping earlier in the season. T. W Sherrin manufactures special footballs for the Premiership Finals
31.
Williamstown Football Club
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The Williamstown Football Club, nicknamed The Seagulls, is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne. The club currently competes in the Victorian Football League, the Williamstown Football Club was formed in 1864, making it one of the oldest football clubs in Australia. The club was considered a junior club, before being granted senior status in 1884. Starting in 1884, the competed in the Victorian Football Association. Williamstowns original colours were black and yellow, in 1886, players wishing to play on the cricket ground ultimately established a rival senior club, the South Williamstown Football Club, which also contested the VFA for two seasons. The Williamstown and South Williamstown clubs were off-field rivals, but they never played a match against each other, in the late 1930s, Larry Floyd and Bill Dooley decided to adopt a more modern nickname, and the club became formally known as “the Seagulls”. Throughout its history, the club has also been known by the abbreviated name ‘Town. Williamstown won its first VFA premiership in 1907, and its second in 1921, Williamstown finished fourth on the ladder but, despite not having won a final since 1924 won three close finals for its third VFA premiership. The Seagulls continued their raid on the VFL, recruiting star players Ron Todd and Des Fothergill. Following the end of the era in 1950, many Association clubs began to struggle through the following decade as the prestige of the VFA declined. Under Carter, the club won three premierships in 1954,1955 and 1956, and was unbeaten in the 1957 home-and-away season before crashing in the finals to finish third. Carter was replaced as coach in 1958 by club legend Gerry Callahan, who served as captain-coach until 1959, williamstowns form slumped in the 1960s and 1970s, and it finished last in Division 1 in 1967, resulting in relegation to Division 2. It won the Division 2 premiership in 1969 under captain-coach Max Papley to return to Division 1. The club was relegated again in 1975, won the Division 2 premiership in 1976 under the coaching of Mal Allen, despite this finals success, the clubs best home-and-away finish in those six years was second, achieved only in 1989. During the middle 1990s Williamstown slipped, and at its nadir in 1995, after the clubs could not agree to terms, the VSFL decided to grant the remaining licence and the affiliation with the Jets to Williamstown, resulting in Werribees temporary expulsion from the VFL. Williamstown and Collingwood were affiliated from 2001 until 2007, during which time the club won one premiership, in 2003. Williamstown and the Western Bulldogs ended their affiliation after the 2013 season, the club was also found guilty of salary cap breaches in 2013 and their punishment was never made public. The club won the premiership in 2015, its second stand-alone season. F. A
32.
Jolimont Yard
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Jolimont Yard was an array of railway lines and carriage sidings on the edge of the central business district of Melbourne, Australia. The Princes Gate Towers were built over part of the yard in the 1960s, the rail sidings themselves were progressively removed from the 1980s to the 1990s with only running lines today, but the area continues to be referred to as the Jolimont railyards by Melburnians. The area of the Jolimont Yards had long been a site of railway development, Flinders Street Station was the terminal of the first railway in the city, running to Sandridge. It was later joined by the independent Princes Bridge Station on the side of Swanston Street. The two stations were not connected together until 1866, with Princes Bridge not reopening until 1879, freight traffic was based out of Melbourne Yard and most of the country carriage stock was serviced at the Dudley Street sidings, both adjacent to Spencer Street Station. The running lines were arranged into pairs with multiple sidings located between them, in 1917 the Princes Bridge locomotive depot was closed, and replaced by the Jolimont Workshops. Built as part of the electrification of the Melbourne suburban network, it was the storage, servicing. The workshops was erected to the south along Batman Avenues, with the storage sidings located between the running lines, a footbridge ran from Flinders Street across the entire yard to provide access for train drivers. An electrical substation was erected to the south of the yard. Additional sidings were provided in the triangle formed by the lines bound for Richmond. Located on the site of the East Melbourne Cricket Ground, the ground was acquired by the Victorian Railways, the next major change was construction of the Richmond Flyover beginning in early 1970s. Completed in February 1973, it permits a cross-platform interchange between City Loop and Flinders Street direct trains at Richmond on platforms 7/8 and 9/10. The flyover necessitated the reconstruction of a footbridge that linked Yarra Park to the Melbourne Cricket Ground, further changes occurred when the City Loop was built. The Metrol train control complex was constructed beside the yards on Batman Avenue. The building was redesigned to be lower and resulting in completion being delayed until early 1980, the Jolimont Workshops were the main maintenance and repair facility for the Victorian Railways electric fleet, both multiple units and locomotives. Located on the side of the yard, it was made up of a large brick carshed with tracks leading into if from both the east and west ends. In addition to the maintenance of the multiple unit fleet. Five signal boxes controlled traffic into Flinders Street Station, constructed of brick it was of traditional Victorian Railways design, and was demolished when the Federation Square Deck was built
33.
Glenferrie Oval
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Glenferrie Oval is an Australian rules football stadium located in Hawthorn, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Hawthorn Football Club moved to a redeveloped Waverley Park early in 2006 in preparation for the 2006 AFL Season and their first home ground was the Hawthorn C. G. The Hawks merger with Boroondara in 1905 had them move to Boroondaras ground, Hawthorn dropped their colours of blue and red and adopted Boroondaras colours, which was a black guernsey with red sash but retained the name Hawthorn FC. The Hawthorn FC, competing in the Metropolitan Junior Football Association, between 1906 and 1973, the Hawks played their home games at Glenferrie Oval, which was located in the heart of the affluent suburb of Hawthorn. The clubs onfield results had not reached any great heights in those early days, Glenferrie Oval was pivotal in these advancements of the Hawthorn Football Club as it was considered the most suitable at the time. In 1914, when Hawthorn entered the VFA, the council was required to build a new dressing shed to meet the standards of the VFA competition. These dressing sheds were erected in the north-west corner of the ground, where the Tuck Stand now resides, in 1922 the ground was widened by 30 yards and lengthened westward by 50 yards - taking in the previous outer reserve ground - to the dimensions that remain today. The Kennon-Owen Stand was replaced by the Dr A S Ferguson Stand and it was later to be home of the Past Players Association and the original Museum. The northern part of the Ferguson stand was demolished to make way for the Victorian Weightlifting Building that remain today and it is now heritage protected as one of the most significant buildings of the era. In 1963 the large scoreboard was erected at the end of the ground. After the club won the 1961 premiership it was decided to buy some houses on the side of Linda Crescent to build the Social Club which opened in 1962. The ground was small by VFL standards, but the intimate nature of the ground made for a terrific atmosphere. The Hawks had played 584 matches at Glenferrie Oval during their time there, the last game that Hawthorn played at Glenferrie Oval was in August 1973 when Hawthorn won against South Melbourne by 37 points, in front of a crowd of 9842 people. The location of the ground has always been expansion prohibitive, wedged between the Belgrave/Lilydale railway line and nearby side streets, the small size and narrow wings of the ground led to it being known as the sardine can amongst fans. The ground is open to the public, and is used for a variety of recreation. In March 2010 the playing field was resurfaced with couch grass for public use, the Hawthorn Football Club continue to host Supporters Days at the ground after winning the AFL Premiership, with these days often drawing crowds of over 20,000 people
34.
Windy Hill, Essendon
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Windy Hill is an Australian rules football and cricket ground located in Napier Street, Essendon, a northwestern suburb of the Melbourne metropolitan area. It is the current home ground of the Essendon Cricket Club in the Victorian Premier Cricket, in the 1880s, the Essendon Recreation Reserve became the primary multi-purpose grassed sports reserve in Essendon. The Essendon Cricket Club was the manager and primary tenant. The Essendon Bowls Club was granted permissive occupancy of the corner of the reserve in 1886. The reserve also contained a track, and was used by the Essendon District Football Club. The demise of the Essendon District Football Club in 1897 left the ground vacant for other sports during the next three winters, including running and lacrosse. Football returned to the ground in 1900 with the establishment of the Essendon Town Football Club, over the following few years, the Essendon Croquet Club was established, and it built a court and club room in the north-eastern corner of the reserve. In 1921, the East Melbourne Cricket Ground was closed, which forced the Essendon Football Club to find a new home, the Essendon Town club disbanded as a result of losing its home ground. After this move, Essendon used the venue as its ground for VFL/AFL matches for the next seventy years. Essendon played 628 matches at the venue, with a record of 418–201-9. The venue also hosted one neutral VFL match, a match between South Melbourne and Richmond during the 1924 VFL finals series. The record attendance was 43,487 for a match between Essendon and Collingwood in 1966, the nickname Windy Hill for the ground was popularised in the mid-1950s by Lou Richards. The nickname stuck and is in use to describe the ground –. Over time, some of the grandstands were demolished and some of the outer reclaimed, in 2010, the Essendon Football Club sought an upgrade to its training facilities, and it elected to develop and entirely new facility in the suburb of Melbourne Airport. Essendon signed a 37-year lease at Melbourne Airport, and moved its primary training, the venue currently has three grandstands, R. S. Reynolds Stand – built when Essendon relocated from the East Melbourne Cricket Ground. It was originally simply as the main grandstand, in April 1951, it was named in honour of the still active captain-coach Dick Reynolds. Alan T. Hird Stand – opened in 1973, it houses the clubs Social Club. Named after former president and player Allan Hird, who was also the grandfather of club legend James Hird W. H. Cookson Stand – originally named the Memorial Stand
