1.
Non-metropolitan district
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Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially shire districts, are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties in a two-tier arrangement, in the 1990s, several non-metropolitan counties were created that are unitary authorities and also have non-metropolitan district status. A third category is the districts of Berkshire, which are districts that are unitary authorities. Non-metropolitan districts are subdivisions of English non-metropolitan counties which have a structure of local government. Most non-metropolitan counties have a county council, and also have several districts, many districts have borough status, which means the local council is called a Borough Council instead of District Council and gives them the right to appoint a Mayor. Borough status is granted by charter and, in many cases, continues a style enjoyed by a predecessor authority. Some districts such as Oxford or Exeter have city status, granted by letters patent, by 1899, England had been divided at district level into rural districts, urban districts, municipal boroughs, county boroughs and metropolitan boroughs. This system was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and the Local Government Act 1972, non-metropolitan districts were created by this act in 1974 when England outside of Greater London was divided into metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties. Metropolitan counties were sub-divided into metropolitan districts and the counties were sub-divided into non-metropolitan districts. The metropolitan districts had more powers than their non-metropolitan counterparts, initially, there were 296 non-metropolitan districts in the two-tier structure, but reforms in the 1990s and 2009 reduced their number to 201. A further 55 non-metropolitan districts are now unitary authorities, which combine the functions of county, in Wales, an almost identical two-tier system of local government existed between 1974 and 1996. In 1996, this was abolished and replaced with a unitary system of local government. Since the areas for Wales and England had been enacted separately and there were no Welsh metropolitan areas, a similar system existed in Scotland, which in 1975 was divided into regions and districts, this was also abolished in 1996 and replaced with a fully unitary system. In England 200 out of the 201 non-metropolitan district councils are represented by the District Councils Network, special interest group which sits within the Local Government Association. The network’s purpose is to “act as an informed and representative advocate for districts to government and other bodies, based on their unique position to deliver for ‘local’ people. ”This is a list of non-metropolitan counties. Some non-metropolitan districts are coterminous with non-metropolitan counties, making them unitary authorities and these are excluded from this list as is Berkshire which has no county council. For a full list of districts of all types including unitary authorities, metropolitan districts and London boroughs and this is a list of former two-tier districts in England which have been abolished, by local government reorganizations such as the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. It does not include districts that still exist after becoming an authority or those that transferred from one county to another
2.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
3.
Countries of the United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom comprises four countries, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Within the United Kingdom, a sovereign state, Northern Ireland, Scotland. England, comprising the majority of the population and area of the United Kingdom, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are not themselves listed in the International Organization for Standardization list of countries. However the ISO list of the subdivisions of the UK, compiled by British Standards, Northern Ireland, in contrast, is described as a province in the same lists. Each has separate governing bodies for sports and compete separately in many international sporting competitions. Northern Ireland also forms joint All-Island sporting bodies with the Republic of Ireland for most sports, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are dependencies of the Crown and are not part of the UK. Similarly, the British overseas territories, remnants of the British Empire, are not part of the UK, southern Ireland left the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922. * Figures for GVA do not include oil and gas revenues generated beyond the UKs territorial waters, various terms have been used to describe England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales was described as the country, principality, and dominion of Wales, outside Wales, England was not given a specific name or term. The Laws in Wales Acts have subsequently been repealed, the Acts of Union 1707 refer to both England and Scotland as a part of a united kingdom of Great Britain The Acts of Union 1800 use part in the same way to refer to England and Scotland. The Northern Ireland Act 1998, which repealed the Government of Ireland Act 1920, the Interpretation Act 1978 provides statutory definitions of the terms England, Wales and the United Kingdom, but neither that Act nor any other current statute defines Scotland or Northern Ireland. Use of the first three terms in other legislation is interpreted following the definitions in the 1978 Act and this definition applies from 1 April 1974. United Kingdom means Great Britain and Northern Ireland and this definition applies from 12 April 1927. In 1996 these 8 new counties were redistributed into the current 22 unitary authorities, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are regions in their own right while England has been divided into nine regions. The official term rest of the UK is used in Scotland, for example in export statistics and this term is also used in the context of potential Scottish independence to mean the UK without Scotland. The alternative term Home Nations is sometimes used in sporting contexts, the second, or civic group, contained the items about feeling British, respecting laws and institutions, speaking English, and having British citizenship. Contrariwise, in Scotland and Wales there was a much stronger identification with each country than with Britain, studies and surveys have reported that the majority of the Scots and Welsh see themselves as both Scottish/Welsh and British though with some differences in emphasis. The propensity for nationalistic feeling varies greatly across the UK, and can rise and it reported that 37% of people identified as British, whilst 29% identified as Irish and 24% identified as Northern Irish
4.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
5.
Regions of England
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The regions are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within Government, while they no longer fulfil this role, they continue to be used for statistical and some administrative purposes. They define areas for the purposes of elections to the European Parliament, Eurostat also uses them to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics regions within the European Union. The regions generally follow the boundaries of the former standard regions, the London region has a directly elected Mayor and Assembly. Six regions have local authority leaders boards to assist with correlating the headline policies of local authorities, the remaining two regions no longer have any administrative functions, having abolished their regional local authority leaders boards. In 1998, regional chambers were established in the eight regions outside of London, the regions also had an associated Government Office with some responsibility for coordinating policy, and, from 2007, a part-time regional minister within the Government. House of Commons regional Select Committees were established in 2009, Regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming Coalition Government, and the Government Offices were abolished in 2011. Regional development agencies were public bodies established in all nine regions in 1998 to promote economic development and they had certain delegated functions, including administering European Union regional development funds, and received funding the central government as well. After about 500 AD, England comprised seven Anglo-Saxon territories – Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, the boundaries of some of these, which later unified as the Kingdom of England, roughly coincide with those of modern regions. During Oliver Cromwells Protectorate in the 1650s, the rule of the Major-Generals created 10 regions in England, proposals for administrative regions within England were mooted by the British government prior to the First World War. In 1912 the Third Home Rule Bill was passing through parliament, the Bill was expected to introduce a devolved parliament for Ireland, and as a consequence calls were made for similar structures to be introduced in Great Britain or Home Rule All Round. On 12 September the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, within England, he suggested that London, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the Midlands would make natural regions. While the creation of regional parliaments never became official policy, it was for a widely anticipated. In 1946 nine standard regions were set up, in central government bodies, statutory undertakings. However, these had declined in importance by the late 1950s, creation of some form of provinces or regions for England was an intermittent theme of post-Second World War British governments. The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed the creation of eight provinces in England, one-fifth of the advisory councils would be nominees from central government. The boundaries suggested were the eight now existing for economic planning purposes, a minority report by Lord Crowther-Hunt and Alan T. Peacock suggested instead seven regional assemblies and governments within Great Britain, some elements of regional development and economic planning began to be established in England from the mid-1960s onwards
6.
West Midlands (region)
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The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It covers the western half of the area known as the Midlands. The city of Coventry is also located within the West Midlands county, the region is geographically diverse, from the urban central areas of the conurbation to the rural western counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire which border Wales. The region also encompasses five Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the Wye Valley, Shropshire hills, Cannock Chase, Malvern Hills, Warwickshire is home to the town of Stratford upon Avon, the birthplace of the writer William Shakespeare. The highest point in the region is Black Mountain, at 703 metres in west Herefordshire on the border with Powys, Wales. The region contains five Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, including all of the Shropshire Hills, Malvern Hills and Cannock Chase, the Peak District national park also stretches into the northern corner of Staffordshire. Served by many lines in the areas such as the West Coast Main Line. The Welsh Marches Line and the Cotswold Line transect the region as well as the Cross Country Route, there are plans to reopen the Honeybourne Line. Numerous notable roads pass through the region, with most converging around the central conurbation, the M6 toll provides an alternative route to the M6 between Coleshill and Cannock, passing north of Sutton Coldfield and just south of Lichfield. The M40 connects the region through South East England to London, with its terminus at its junction with the M42, it passes close to Warwick. The M42 connects the M5 at Bromsgrove, passing around the south and east of Birmingham, joining the M40 and M6, passing Solihull and Castle Bromwich, to Tamworth, the M50 connects the M5 from near Tewkesbury to Ross-on-Wye in the southwest. The M54 connects Wellington in the west, passing Telford, to the M6 near Cannock, the A5 road traverses the region northwest-southeast, passing through Shrewsbury, Telford, Cannock, Tamworth and Nuneaton. As part of the planning system, the Regional Assembly is under statutory requirement to produce a Regional Transport Strategy to provide long term planning for transport in the region. This involves region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by the Highways Agency, within the region, the local transport authorities carry out transport planning through the use of a Local Transport Plan which outlines their strategies, policies and implementation programme. The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006-11, in the West Midlands region, the following transport authorities have published their LTP online, Herefordshire, Shropshire U. A. The transport authority of Stoke-on-Trent U. A, Major towns and cities in the West Midlands region include, Bold indicates city status. The region is based on the former region of Mercia. The Battle of Edgehill in October 1642 started the English Civil War, jane Bunford of Bartley Green until 1982 was the tallest woman ever in the world, and now the second tallest, and the tallest person ever in the UK, at 7 ft 11in
7.
Non-metropolitan county
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A non-metropolitan county, or colloquially, shire county, is a county-level entity in England that is not a metropolitan county. The counties typically have populations of 300,000 to 1.4 million, the term shire county is, however, an unofficial usage. Many of the non-metropolitan counties bear historic names and most end in the suffix -shire such as Wiltshire or Staffordshire, of the remainder, some counties had the -shire ending and have lost it over time, such as Devon and Somerset. Shire county is, strictly, a dual-language tautology since the French-derived county means the same as the older Anglo-Saxon word shire, prior to 1974 local government had been divided between single-tier county boroughs and two-tier administrative counties which were subdivided into municipal boroughs and urban and rural districts. The Local Government Act 1972, which came into effect on 1 April 1974, divided England outside Greater London, each county was divided into anywhere between two and fourteen non-metropolitan districts. As originally constituted, the counties were largely based on existing counties. Some counties were based on areas surrounding large county boroughs or were formed by the mergers of smaller counties, examples of the first category are Avon and Cleveland. Examples of the category are Hereford and Worcester and Cumbria. The Royal Mail adopted the counties for purposes in most areas. A Local Government Commission was appointed in 1992 to review the structure of the non-metropolitan counties. It was anticipated that a system of unitary authorities would entirely replace the two-tier system, the Commission faced competing claims from former county boroughs wishing to regain unitary status and advocates for the restoration of such small counties as Herefordshire and Rutland. The review led to the introduction of local government in some areas. In the majority of unitary authorities an existing district council took over powers from the county council, the 1972 Act required that all areas outside Greater London form part of a non-metropolitan county, and that all such counties should contain at least one district. Accordingly, the instruments that effected the reorganisation separated the unitary districts from the county in which they were situated and constituted them as counties. An exception was made in the case of Berkshire, which was retained with its boundaries in spite of the abolition of its county council. This was done in order to preserve its status as a royal county, with the creation of numerous new non-metropolitan counties, the areas used for lieutenancy and shrievalty began to diverge from local government areas. This led to the development of counties for these purposes. A further wave of unitary authorities were created in 2009 under the terms of the Local Government, while a number of new county counties were created, several of the new authorities continued to have the boundaries set in 1974
8.
Staffordshire
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Staffordshire is a landlocked county in the West Midlands of England. It adjoins Cheshire to the north west, Derbyshire and Leicestershire to the east, Warwickshire to the south east, West Midlands and Worcestershire to the south, and Shropshire to the west. The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority, Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford, Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek, smaller towns include Stone, Uttoxeter, and Rugeley, and large villages Eccleshall, Wombourne, Kinver, Penkridge, Tutbury and Stretton. Cannock Chase AONB is within the county as well as parts of the National Forest, Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich, and Smethwick were historic Staffordshire towns until local government reorganisation created the West Midlands county in 1974. Historically, Staffordshire was divided into the five hundreds of Cuttlestone, Offlow, Pirehill, Seisdon, the historic boundaries of Staffordshire cover much of what is now the metropolitan county of West Midlands. The Act also saw the towns of Tamworth and Burton upon Trent united entirely in Staffordshire, in 1553 Queen Mary made Lichfield a county separate from the rest of Staffordshire. Handsworth and Perry Barr became part of the county borough of Birmingham in the early 20th century, Burton, in the east of the county, became a county borough in 1901, and was followed by Smethwick, another town in the Black Country in 1907. In 1910 the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries, including Hanley, a major reorganisation in the Black Country in 1966, under the recommendation of the Local Government Commission for England led to the creation of an area of contiguous county boroughs. Meanwhile, the county borough of Dudley, historically a part of Worcestershire, expanded. County boroughs were abolished, with Stoke becoming a district in Staffordshire. On 1 April 1997, under a recommendation of the Banham Commission, in July 2009 the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever found in Britain was discovered in a field near Lichfield. The artefacts, known as The Staffordshire Hoard have tentatively dated to the 7th or 8th centuries. Some nationally and internationally known companies have their base in Staffordshire. They include the Britannia Building Society which is based in Leek, JCB is based in Rocester near Uttoxeter and bet365 based in Stoke-on-Trent. The theme park Alton Towers is in the Staffordshire Moorlands and several of the worlds largest pottery manufacturers are based in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire has a completely comprehensive system with eight independent schools. Most secondary schools are from 11–16 or 18, but two in Staffordshire Moorlands and South Staffordshire are from 13–18, there are two universities in the county, Keele University in Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire University, which has campuses in Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, Lichfield and Shrewsbury. The modern county of Staffordshire currently has three football clubs – Stoke City and Port Vale, both from Stoke-on-Trent, and Burton Albion, who play in Burton upon Trent. They were among the 12 founder members of the Football League in 1888, in 1972, the club finally won a major trophy when they lifted the Football League Cup, but after relegation from the First Division in 1985 they would not experience top flight football for 23 years
9.
Burton upon Trent
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Burton upon Trent, also known as Burton-on-Trent or simply Burton, is a town on the River Trent in East Staffordshire, England, close to the border with Derbyshire. In 2011, it had a population of 72,299, the demonym for residents of the town is Burtonian. The town originally grew up around Burton Abbey, Burton Bridge was also the site of two battles, in 1322 when Edward II defeated the rebel Earl of Lancaster and 1643 when royalists captured the town during the First English Civil War. William Lord Paget and his descendants were responsible for extending the house within the abbey grounds. Burton grew into a market town by the early modern period. The town is served by Burton-on-Trent railway station, Ryknild Street, a Roman road, ran north-east through what later became the parish of Burton, linking camps at Letocetum, near Lichfield, and Derventio, near Derby. Burton was almost certainly one of the sites, the name Andresey given to an island in the river Trent near the church means Andrews isle. The island is associated with the legend of St Modwen or Modwenna and it is likely that any surviving religious house would have been destroyed during the Danish incursion into the area in 874. Place names indicate Scandinavian influence, and several names of Scandinavian origin were still used in the area in the early 12th century. In 1003 a Benedictine abbey was established on a new site on the west bank of the Trent at Burton by Wulfric Spott and he is known to have been buried in the abbey cloister in 1010, alongside his wife. The monastery was the most important in Staffordshire and by the 1530s had the highest revenue and it is known that there were frequent Royal visits to the abbey, including those by William I, Henry II and Edward I. In the 12th and 13th centuries streets were laid out off the west side of High Street, the earliest being New Street, Horninglow Street at the north end of High Street was part of a major east-west route using the bridge over the river. A royal charter was granted on 12 April 1200 by King John to the Abbot to hold a market in Burton every Thursday. The bridge was the site of two battles, first in 1322 when Edward III defeated the rebel Earl of Lancaster and also in 1643 when the Royalists captured the town during the First English Civil War. Under Henry VIII the abbey was dissolved in 1539, to be refounded in 1541 as a church for a dean. It was again dissolved in 1545 and granted to Sir William Paget, Paget began planning to expand the Manor House within the abbey precincts, known to have existed since at least 1514, into a grand mansion. To provide the materials for this project, the old buildings were to be cannibalised. There were major alterations to the house over the three centuries
10.
Conservative Party (UK)
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The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the party, having won a majority of seats in the House of Commons at the 2015 general election. The partys leader, Theresa May, is serving as Prime Minister. It is the largest party in government with 8,702 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival. The Conservative Partys platform involves support for market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation. In the 1920s, the Liberal vote greatly diminished and the Labour Party became the Conservatives main rivals, Conservative Prime Ministers led governments for 57 years of the twentieth century, including Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Thatchers tenure led to wide-ranging economic liberalisation, the Conservative Partys domination of British politics throughout the twentieth century has led to them being referred to as one of the most successful political parties in the Western world. The Conservatives are the joint-second largest British party in the European Parliament, with twenty MEPs, the party is a member of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe Europarty and the International Democrat Union. The party is the second-largest in the Scottish Parliament and the second-largest in the Welsh Assembly, the party is also organised in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The Conservative Party traces its origins to a faction, rooted in the 18th century Whig Party and they were known as Independent Whigs, Friends of Mr Pitt, or Pittites. After Pitts death the term Tory came into use and this was an allusion to the Tories, a political grouping that had existed from 1678, but which had no organisational continuity with the Pittite party. From about 1812 on the name Tory was commonly used for the newer party, the term Conservative was suggested as a title for the party by a magazine article by J. Wilson Croker in the Quarterly Review in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was adopted under the aegis of Sir Robert Peel around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the Tamworth Manifesto, the term Conservative Party rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845. In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party, in Ireland, the Irish Unionist Alliance had been formed in 1891 which merged anti-Home Rule Unionists into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and in essence formed the Irish wing of the party until 1922. The Conservatives served with the Liberals in an all-party coalition government during World War I, keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914, especially on the issue of Irish Unionism and the experience of three consecutive election losses
11.
Michael Fabricant
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Michael Louis David Fabricant is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the member of Parliament for the Lichfield constituency in Staffordshire and he was dismissed from this position in April 2014 over the HS2 rail link and comments made about Maria Millers resignation. Fabricant was born in Brighton, into a British Jewish family, to Helena, all of his grandparents were born in Russia. He attended Brighton Secondary Technical School and Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School and he studied economics at Loughborough University, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree. He unsuccessfully contested the safe Labour stronghold of South Shields at the 1987 general election, Fabricant was appointed the chairman of the Brighton Pavilion Conservative Association in 1990 and remained chairman until his election to Westminster. Fabricant was first elected at the 1992 general election for Mid Staffordshire and he took the seat with a majority of 6,236 and has remained a Member of Parliament since. He made his speech on 2 July 1992. The Mid Staffordshire seat was abolished at the 1997 general election, but Fabricant contested and won the Lichfield constituency, which partially replaced it, by just 238 votes. He has remained the Lichfield MP since, increasing his majority to 4,426 in 2001,7,080 in 2005,17,683 in 2010, in Parliament, Fabricant joined the European Legislation Select Committee in 1992 on which he served until the 1997 general election. Following the Conservative defeat at the 1997 general election, Fabricant joined the Culture, Media and he rejoined the Culture, Media and Sport committee following the 2001 general election, and also at this time became the chairman of the Information Committee. He moved up to the Opposition frontbench as a trade and industry spokesman under Michael Howard in 2003, later in the year he was moved to the post of spokesman on economic affairs. He became an Opposition Whip following the 2005 general election and remained in the following the appointment of new leader David Cameron. In November 2012, Fabricant published a pamphlet entitled The Pact which called for a pact between UKIP and the Conservative Party, in exchange for an In/Out EU referendum. In the 2016 EU Referendum campaign Fabricant said he would be voting to leave the EU, a staunch believer in free trade, he commented, I think we are part of a global economy and that we will be far wealthier trading globally than the current situation. Fabricant regularly courts controversy on Twitter and has criticised for joking about bestiality with llamas when asked about his sexuality. He opposes HS2 on the grounds of its financial and environmental cost, gloria De Piero, the Shadow Minister for Women and Equality, described the tweet as utterly appalling while a Conservative Party spokesman commented that the MPs comment was completely unacceptable. Fabricant subsequently apologised, but Alibhai-Brown thought his apology was useless, in her view, Conservatives like Fabricant think people like me should be ayahs or selling you curry. A few days later, Fabricant wrote that he was deeply embarrassed and ashamed
12.
Andrew Griffiths (politician)
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Andrew James Griffiths is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament for Burton, Griffiths grew up in Dudley and attended Bramford Primary School and High Arcal School. His father, Bob Griffiths, served as Mayor of Dudley in 1982, upon finishing his education in 1987, Griffiths joined the family engineering business in the West Midlands, manufacturing plant equipment for the construction industry. Later, he worked for the Leeds Permanent Building Society where he became a manager specialising in property, Griffiths first entered politics at a local level when standing as a council candidate for the Conservative Party on three separate occasions, losing them all. In 1999, Griffiths went to work for the West Midlands MEP team in the European Parliament in Brussels and he worked for the European Agricultural Spokesman Neil Parish MEP. Griffiths first contested the safe Labour seat of Dudley North at the 2001 general election, in 2004, Griffiths unsuccessfully stood as a Conservative candidate at the European Elections. After the European Elections, Griffiths moved to Westminster to work for the Shadow Cabinet, Theresa May MP, where he worked on environment, transport and later family policy. During this time, Griffiths also helped set up Women 2 Win, in 2006, Griffiths moved to work for the Culture, Media and Sport team, working as Chief of Staff to Hugo Swire MP. He was Chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Group for Beer for five years and he was a member of the Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee between 2010 and 2013. He is a patron of the Victoria Cross Trust, griffths was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum. Following the appointment of Theresa May MP to the office of Prime Minister, Griffiths was appointed as a Government Whip and Lord Commissioner of HM Treasury on 17 July 2016
13.
Greenwich Mean Time
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Greenwich Mean Time is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. GMT was formerly used as the civil time standard, now superseded in that function by Coordinated Universal Time. Today GMT is considered equivalent to UTC for UK civil purposes and for navigation is considered equivalent to UT1, consequently, the term GMT should not be used for precise purposes. Due to Earths uneven speed in its orbit and its axial tilt, noon GMT is rarely the exact moment the sun crosses the Greenwich meridian. This event may occur up to 16 minutes before or after noon GMT, noon GMT is the annual average moment of this event, which accounts for the word mean in Greenwich Mean Time. Originally, astronomers considered a GMT day to start at noon while for almost everyone else it started at midnight, to avoid confusion, the name Universal Time was introduced to denote GMT as counted from midnight. Astronomers preferred the old convention to simplify their observational data, so each night was logged under a single calendar date. Today Universal Time usually refers to UTC or UT1, in some countries Greenwich Mean Time is the legal time in the winter and the population uses the term. For an explanation of why this is, see GMT in legislation below, synchronisation of the chronometer on GMT did not affect shipboard time, which was still solar time. Most time zones were based upon GMT, as an offset of a number of hours ahead of GMT or behind GMT and it was gradually adopted for other purposes, but a legal case in 1858 held local mean time to be the official time. On 14 May 1880, a signed by Clerk to Justices appeared in The Times, stating that Greenwich time is now kept almost throughout England. For example, our polling booths were opened, say, at 813 and closed at 413 PM. This was changed later in 1880, GMT was adopted on the Isle of Man in 1883, Jersey in 1898 and Guernsey in 1913. Ireland adopted GMT in 1916, supplanting Dublin Mean Time, hourly time signals from Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast on 5 February 1924, rendering the time ball at the observatory redundant in the process. The daily rotation of the Earth is irregular and constantly slows, on 1 January 1972, GMT was superseded as the international civil time standard by Coordinated Universal Time, maintained by an ensemble of atomic clocks around the world. Indeed, even the Greenwich meridian itself is not quite what it used to be—defined by the centre of the instrument at the Observatory at Greenwich. Nevertheless, the line in the old observatorys courtyard today differs no more than a few metres from that line which is now the prime meridian of the world. Historically GMT has been used two different conventions for numbering hours. The long-standing astronomical convention dating from the work of Ptolemy, was to refer to noon as zero hours and this contrasted with the civil convention of referring to midnight as zero hours dating from the Romans
14.
UTC0
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UTC±00,00 is the following time, Coordinated Universal Time, the basis for the worlds civil time. Time used there is 2 hours and 12 minutes ahead of time in the summer. The easternmost settlement where UTC with DST is applied is Lowestoft in Suffolk, East Anglia, note that Ireland uses the term standard time in reference to the summer months and winter time during what the rest of the time zone calls standard time. This is the reverse of the practice of most countries in the EU, see also Time in Antarctica The westernmost point where UTC with no DST is applied is Bjargtangar, at the northwest peninsula of Iceland. Time used there is 1 hour and 38 minutes ahead of physical time and this is the greatest deviation from physical time for UTC with no DST. The easternmost locale where UTC with no DST is applied is Bouvet Island, of Norwegian jurisdiction, at the South Atlantic Ocean
15.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
16.
Ordnance Survey National Grid
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The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude. It is often called British National Grid, the Ordnance Survey devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in their survey data, and in maps based on those surveys. Grid references are commonly quoted in other publications and data sources. The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system is used to provide references for worldwide locations. European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System system, the grid is based on the OSGB36 datum, and was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962. It replaced the previously used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War Two, had issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain, more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the GPS, the British maps adopt a Transverse Mercator projection with an origin at 49° N, 2° W. Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin. This false origin is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly, the distortion created between the OS grid and the projection is countered by a scale factor in the longitude to create two lines of longitude with zero distortion rather than one. Grid north and true north are aligned on the 400 km easting of the grid which is 2° W. 2° 0′ 5″ W. OSGB36 was also used by Admiralty nautical charts until 2000 after which WGS84 has been used, a geodetic transformation between OSGB36 and other terrestrial reference systems can become quite tedious if attempted manually. The most common transformation is called the Helmert datum transformation, which results in a typical 7 m error from true, the definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the OSGB is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN02. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy, the difference between the coordinates on different datums varies from place to place. The longitude and latitude positions on OSGB36 are the same as for WGS84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall, the WGS84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB36 equivalents, the smallest datum shift is on the west coast of Scotland and the greatest in Kent. But Great Britain has not shrunk by 100+ metres, a point near Lands End now computes to be 27.6 metres closer to a point near Duncansby Head than it did under OSGB36. For the first letter, the grid is divided into squares of size 500 km by 500 km, there are four of these which contain significant land area within Great Britain, S, T, N and H. The O square contains an area of North Yorkshire, almost all of which lies below mean high tide
17.
Uttoxeter
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Uttoxeter is a market town in Staffordshire, England. In 2001, the population was 12,023, increasing to 13,089 at the 2011 Census, Uttoxeter lies west of the River Dove in East Staffordshire, near the cities of Stoke-on-Trent, Derby and Lichfield. Uttoxeters name has had at least 79 spellings since it was mentioned in the Domesday Book as Wotocheshede, some historians point to pre-Roman settlement here and Bronze Age axes have been discovered in the town. Uttoxeter saw the last major royalist surrender of the English Civil War, on 25 August 1648, perhaps the most famous event to have occurred in Uttoxeter is the penance of Samuel Johnson. Johnsons father ran a bookstall on Uttoxeter market, and young Samuel once refused to out on the stall. When Johnson was older, he stood in the rain as a penance for his failure to assist his father. This event is commemorated with the Johnson Memorial, which stands in the Market Place, in the centre and there is also an area of town called Johnson Road. Mary Howitt, the Quaker writer of the poem The Spider, the town influenced some of her poems and novels, as well as fuelling her love of natural history, which also featured in her books. Howitt Crescent, a road in the town, was named after her. The house where she lived is still standing in Balance Street, Thomas Fradgley, Uttoxeters own architect designed the Town Hall, the Johnson Memorial, St. Michaels Church, Stramshall, St. Lawrence Church, Bramshall, St. Marys Church, Uttoxeter, Marchington Church. He was the architect in the improvement of local schools, including Uttoxeter National School, Hanbury Free School, enlarged in 1848. Alton N. S. and Draycott in Hanbury School and it is believed he designed Moorlands, Byrds Lane, Uttoxeter for one of the Bamfords. He married Clara Warner from Bramshall and their only child Thomas died aged 6. Thomas Fradgley died in 1883 aged 83, bunting’s brewery occupied a large area of the centre of the town since the Victorian era. It stopped producing beer in the 1930s after being bought by Parkers Brewery in Burslem, the last remains of the brewery were demolished in the 1960s to make way for the Maltings shopping precinct and car park. The brewery clock was re-furbished and installed on the hall in the 2000s. In 1945, Joseph Cyril Bamford founded J C Bamford Excavators Limited in Uttoxeter, the firm, based in the nearby village of Rocester, is the worlds third-largest construction equipment manufacturer. The firms first vehicle was a trailer made from war-surplus materials
18.
Abbots Bromley
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Abbots Bromley is a village and civil parish within the English county of Staffordshire, England. A notably affluent part of the county, Abbots Bromley was rated the best place to live in the Midlands by the Sunday Times in 2013, the village is a regular entrant and often winner of the Staffordshire Best Kept Village Competition which takes place across the county each year. Organised by the Community Council of Staffordshire there is a best kept village award for a large and small village in each of the countys Districts and Boroughs. Whilst down the years the East Staffordshire district prize has been awarded to Abbots Bromley on a number of occasions the county title continues to elude. Through the competition Abbots Bromley maintains a rivalry with nearby Yoxall. The village is 11.6 miles north of the city of Lichfield and is 6.8 miles south west of Uttoxeter, the nearest railway station is at Rugeley which is 5.8 miles south west of the village. The Blithfield Reservoir is 1.8 miles from the centre of the village, within the parish there are the natural features of Bagots Wood and the largest remaining part of the Needwood Forest. Phil Drabbles Goats Lodge nature reserve is also in the parish, in the census of 2011, Abbots Bromley had a population of 1,799 people living in the civil parish. The village is home to The Richard Clarke First School, run by Staffordshire County Council for pupils aged 4–9, the school is rated as good by OFSTED with outstanding features. The village is also the home of one of the original Woodard Schools, in 2015 the school opened a new International College on the former St Marys site. The development houses sixth form boys on the floors and has been completely refurbished into a University halls of residence style. This substantial investment which is continuing is a sign of the prosperity, from 2016 the school is turning its attention to the former St Annes site where a programme of refurbishment is underway. Nine Parish Councillors, elected four years represent the community. Every year the Council elects a chair and vice chair, the Parish Council is supported by the Parish Clerk. Meetings are usually held in the hall at 19,00 on the last Wednesday of every month. All meetings are open to the public, following the election of new Parish Councillors in May 2015 the council has started the process of developing a Neighbourhood Plan, administered through a sub-group of the Parish Council. Abbots Bromley is part of the Bagots Ward on East Staffordshire Borough Council and is represented by Conservative Borough Councillor Greg Hall, Conservative County Council Leader Councillor Phillip Atkins represents the Parish as it forms part of the Uttoxeter Rural Ward on Staffordshire County Council. The village is part of the constituency of Lichfield and is currently represented by Conservative Michael Fabricant
19.
Tutbury
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Tutbury is a large village and civil parish of about 3,076 residents in the English county of Staffordshire. It is surrounded by the countryside of both Staffordshire and Derbyshire. The site has been inhabited for over 3,000 years, with Iron Age defensive ditches encircling the main defensive hill and these ditches can be seen most clearly at the Park pale and at the top of the steep hills behind Park Lane. The name Tutbury probably derives from a Scandinavian settler and subsequent chief of the hill-fort, Totta and it is 5 miles north of Burton upon Trent and 20 miles south of the Peak District. Quarries near Tutbury once produced alabaster which was used in the carving of Nottingham Alabaster, until 2006, Tutbury Crystal, a manufacturer of high-quality cut glass products, was based in the village. However production was transferred to Stoke-on-Trent as the factory was very old and was thought to be too small for the modern companys requirements. The old factory was demolished and flats are built on the site, despite this, the tourism trade survives thanks to the long and distinguished history of the Norman Priory Church and medieval Tutbury Castle where Mary, Queen of Scots, was once imprisoned. Tutbury Castle became the headquarters of Henry de Ferrers and was the centre of the wapentake of Appletree, with his wife Bertha, he endowed Tutbury Priory with two manors in about 1080. It would seem that Tutbury at that time was a dependency of the Norman abbey of St Pierre‑sur‑Dives, one of the Royal Studs was established in the area round the castle by Henry VIII but had to be abandoned after the Civil War. Until the 18th century, Tutbury was the site of a court of minstrels. There was even a King of the Minstrels, there are some fine Georgian and Regency buildings and the half-timbered Dog and Partridge Hotel. There are antique and craft shops in the some of which have been run by the same families for many years. Tutbury and Hatton railway station, was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on 11 September 1848 and it then closed during the 1960s to reopen in 1989. It is on the Crewe to Derby Line, the Natural History of Tutbury describing the fauna and flora of the district surrounding Tutbury and Burton on Trent, by Sir Oswald Mosley and Edwin Brown, was published in 1863. The village of Tutbury was featured in the Most Haunted spin-off series Most Haunted, information from UpMyStreet Map from MultiMap Map from StreetMap Tutbury Community Forum Hauntings of Tutbury Love Burton Tutbury Page
20.
Barton-under-Needwood
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Barton-under-Needwood is a large village in Staffordshire, England, a mile from the A38 between Burton upon Trent and Lichfield. It has a population of approximately 5,000 and serves as a centre for many residents working in Lichfield, Tamworth and Burton or further afield in Derby. The Tudor church of St James is a Grade II* listed building and it dates from 1517 and was built by Dr John Taylor, a native of the village, noted ecclesiastic, and chaplain to Henry VIII. It is built of stone with embattled parapets, the aisles were widened in the 19th century. It also has a clerestory and a polygonal apse, both nave and chancel retain their original low pitched roofs. The church contains monuments, notably including an 1691 alabaster mural monumentto Joseph Sanders. The village also has shops and a village hall. Barton also has a marina complex on the Trent and Mersey Canal, home to some 300 narrow boats, with shops, a pub. Thomas Gisbourne was curate of the village from 1783 to 1820, the village sports teams are based at the Holland Sports Club, which has facilities for cricket, football, rugby, tennis, netball and tug of war. The club is named after the Holland family who were resident in Barton for 600 years from the 14th century to the mid 1900s, the earliest recorded member of the family was Richard de Holland who was involved in the Battle of Burton Bridge in 1322. Barton has four churches, St James C of E, Methodist, Roman Catholic, the name of the village had under Needwood added in 1327 to distinguish it from the other Bartons in England. In 1995 a written history of Barton under Needwood was produced, named Under the Needwood Tree, by Steve Gardner, in 2001 Steve published a sequel, Life and Times in Barton, and in 2007 a further volume, Memories of Old Barton. Dunstall Hall is a home about a mile outside Barton in the hamlet of Dunstall. It is used as a centre and a venue for weddings. Barton-under-Needwood Golf Club was founded in 1892, the club and course closed in the mid 1920s. The UKs first Travelodge was opened in 1985 on the A38 just outside the village, between the 2005 and 2010 General Elections, the Needwood ward of East Staffordshire Borough Council was transferred from the Burton Parliamentary constituency to Lichfield. John Taylor - Ambassador for France to King Henry VIII, first Master of the Rolls, a benefactor to Barton, responsible for the building of the present Church, between 1517 and 1533. Ben Salfield - international concert musician and composer Stanley Clarke - businessman, one of his best horses was named Barton
21.
Rolleston on Dove
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Rolleston on Dove, also known simply as Rolleston, is a village in Staffordshire, England near Burton upon Trent. It is probably best known for its one-time resident Sir Oswald Mosley and his coat of arms are still displayed in the local working mens club. Rolleston Hall, where Mosley lived, was sold by auction on 2 August 1923 but later burnt down and all that remains are the lake, Rolleston has a council which organises many seasonal activities, including the early summer duck race and open gardens Sunday. Rolleston on Dove was served by a station which was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on 1 November 1894. Rolleston is also home to the Jinnie Trail, a railway line in a man-made valley which was closed completely in 1968. In 1972 it was created into a rural walk stretching approximately 2 kilometres, along the walk today, parts of the remaining stations are still visible under the wild growth of trees, nettles and brambles. Rolleston was previously built around its lasting monuments and buildings, the oldest area of the village is the Spread Eagle Inn, which is thought to date back as far as the 11th century. Around the inn, one can find Rollestons Church, St. Marys, The Brookhouse Hotel and Restaurant and his commercial success lead to brief stardom and association with celebrities such as John Leslie, Dean Gafney, Prince Charles and Bepe from Eastenders. Fame came to an end when his views became public. Also a massive Derby County Fan, rolleston-on-Dove village website Love Burton Rolleston Page
22.
Hanbury, Staffordshire
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Hanbury is a rural village and civil parish 3.3 miles WNW of Burton-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England bounded to the north by the River Dove. Hanburys Church of St Werburgh is Grade II* listed Two Anglo-Saxon crosses are built into the west wall adjacent to the south door, most of the church is 13th century work to a 12th-century core with some 15th century stone facings. Rebuilt north and south aisle s date to 1824 and 1869, material used consists of coursed and finely dressed sandstone blocks, lead roofs to nave and aisles hidden behind parapets and Welsh slate to chancel with verge parapets. Paired bell-chamber openings with two lights and a panel tracery are over similar single windows to the lower stage, five lights make up the pointed west window in two tiers with four-centred arch doors below. A niche was set in the side first stage of 1842 containing a statue of St Werburgh. Three bays form the clerestory inset from the ends that has three windows with panel tracery and three centred labelled heads. Altered in 1870 the north aisle is similar to the south, a significantly different style is used in the chancel most noticeable by the steeply-pitched roof and decorated masonry windows, this runs to three bays supported by two-stage buttresses. Two light pointed windows are to each of the three bays, against the inner buttress of the east bay is the Priest door. Five lights make up the pointed east window and a vestry is to the north, a painted diagonally boarded roof and painted walls depict religious scenes, all in reasonably subdued colours. In the style of Street is the pulpit in stone and alabaster, circular on clustered columns, coloured local alabaster forms the font and imported marble, which is square on four extended columns and built over the carved Norman font, still discernible within the present font. Remains of medieval glass are in the aisle and south-east window. In 1894 the east window and west window were made by Ward, lower parts of the tower walls have purpose-made glazed tiles of 1883 as a family memorial. Sir Charles Egerton has an alabaster figure in a moulded segmental-arch canopied niche. Puritan bust plaques are to Katherine Agard, and her daughter, Ann Woollocke, with ruffs and steeple hats, sir John Egertons memorial is similar to the above Egerton monument, but with a damaged canopy and is in the east corner of north aisle. John Wilsons memorial is a neo-classical low-relief marble plaque depicting a woman in doric surrounds by Hollins. Sir John Cheyne, the rector from 1363–91, has a plaque at the foot of the chancel steps. The RAF Fauld explosion, one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions in the world at the time and this locality adjoins the River Dove and includes a steep knoll between much of it and the river, Row Hill, five listed buildings are here all at Grade II. Hanburys village centre is 0.9 miles to the south and this hamlet is at an elevation of 61m AOD whereas the village centre of Hanbury is at the start of a steep westward valley at the source of the Salt Brook at 134m AOD
23.
Kingstone, Staffordshire
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Kingstone is a village and civil parish within the English county of Staffordshire. The 2011 census recorded a population of 629 in 249 Households, the parish comes under the East Staffordshire Non-Metropolitan District. Kingstone is the settlement in Kingstone Civil Parish which also includes The Blythe. Kingstone is part of the Bagots ward in the East Staffordshire Borough Council and is represented by Conservative Greg Hall, and the Uttoxeter Rural ward in Staffordshire County council is represented by Philip Atkins who is also Conservative. Kingstone is part of the Lichfield constituency and is represented by the Conservative Michael Fabricant, in Europe it is part of the West Midlands constituency and is represented by 6 MEPs. Waste collection services are provided by East Staffordshire Borough Council, Water and sewage services are provided by South Staffordshire Water. The Distribution Network Operator for electricity is Central Networks better known as E. ON UK, Kingstone uses an Stoke-on-Trent postcode and the Postal Town is Uttoxeter. The nearest Library is located in Uttoxeter, Kingstone uses the Uttoxeter area code. The nearest police and fire stations are in Uttoxeter, Kingstone became a village in 1862 with the building of the parish church the population has remained almost static since then. There are 14 listed buildings and structures within the parish, all of these structures have been designated a Grade II listing. Kingstone is the home of the Earl of Shrewsbury since 1924, Kingstone is also the resting place of Simon Degge who is the former High Sheriff of Derbyshire. Kingstone has a Public house called The Shrewsbury Arms or The Shrew, Kingstone has a large playing field, tennis court and a play area on Whitehall Close Kingstone has a small Primary School called Talbot First School which is used by children up to the age of 8. Kingstone uses the Uttoxeter Middle School system and years 5–8 attend Oldfields Hall Middle School in Uttoxeter, the areas Further education colleges are Burton College and Stafford College. There are 2 bus stops in the village and is served by route 428, the Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway used to run parallel to the village and there was a station at nearby Grindley that closed in 1939. Today the Nearest Railway stations are Uttoxeter 3.2 miles, the nearest airports are East Midlands 24 miles and Birmingham 29 miles. The local Newspapers covering the area are The Uttoxeter advertiser and The Uttoxeter Post, Kingstone Receives BBC West Midlands and ITV Central television. Local radio stations in the area are BBC Radio Derby, BBC Radio Stoke, Touch and Signal 1
24.
Marchington
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Marchington is a small village in East Staffordshire, England. It lies between the towns of Burton upon Trent and Uttoxeter, Marchington has a small shop, a first school, two churches and two pubs. The population of the village was 1,127 at the 2001 census, one of the earliest mentions of Marchington the place is in an manuscript held in the British National Archives, A. D.951. King Eadred to Wulfhelm, miles, grant of land at Marchington, later on Marchington is mentioned in the Domesday book where it is listed amongst the lands given to Henry de Ferrers by the King. The land consisted of four and a half square leagues of woodland and meadow,40 acres of pasture and it was worth one hundred shillings. The lands remained in the ownership of the de Ferrers family as part of the earldom of Derby until the failure of the rebeilion of Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl. After his death in 1279, his widow, Eleanor, failed in a case to prove that she had a dower interest in the land. The lands were held by the kings brother, Edmund. A railway station on the Crewe to Derby Line opened in 1848, in 1941 a USA army camp was built in Marchington. The vicarage became the headquarters and an officers’ mess was built in Silver Lane and it became a prisoner-of-war camp in 1944 when the soldiers left for the D-Day invasion of Europe. The British army was using the camp until the 1960s. According to the 2001 census for the parish of Marchington was 1,127, the areas ward is over 97% White British with only 55 people from an ethnic minority. Marchington is 270 feet above sea level, Marchington lies adjacent to the River Dove which also marks the border between Staffordshire and Derbyshire. There is also a small brook in the village, towards the River Dove there is a flood plain, toot Hill lies to the North West and Hound Hill to the East. The National Forest also lies nearby, to the south of the village, there is a large industrial estate to the south of the village with several businesses. The Industrial Estate previously housed the militarys fleet of Green Goddess fire tenders, today the majority of the residents work in nearby town such as Uttoxeter and Burton-on-Trent. However, some further afield in Derby, Stoke-on-Trent and Birmingham. The village is in Dove ward under Staffordshire County council and is represented by Bob Fraser, Marchington is part of the Burton constituency and is represented by the Conservative Andrew Griffiths
25.
Mayfield, Staffordshire
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Mayfield is a village on the outskirts of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, about 9 miles from Uttoxeter, situated in East Staffordshire. The village is divided into Mayfield, Church Mayfield, Wallash, Upper Mayfield and it has a population of approximately 2000. It lies on the banks of the River Dove, the Dove is the boundary between the Derbyshire and Staffordshire. Mayfield is on the Staffordshire side of the border but it has an Ashbourne postal address because its nearest postal town, Derbyshire is not used by Royal Mail. Mayfield was mentioned in the Domesday Book, in which it was called Mavreveldt, the name is possibly derived from the Old English for open land growing with madder or perhaps, assembly open land. It was the scene of a siege during the retreat of Bonnie Prince Charlie, several musket ball holes, reputedly from weapons fired during the siege, can still be seen in one of the doors of the church. There has been a church in Mayfield for over a thousand years, the Domesday Survey of 1086 recorded a priest in Mayfield, one of only twenty-five priests recorded for the county of Staffordshire. There is now no trace of the original Church, which would have been a Saxon wooden building standing on or near to the site of the present church, the Saxon church was replaced during the reign of Henry I by a Norman stone building in about 1125. The church was extended in the 15 and 16th Centuries, with the tower being built in 1515, the final extension was in 1854. Mayfields mill, in one form or another, has been standing on the banks of the Dove since the 12th Century, today Mayfield Yarns produces warped and twisted yarns. The parish is home to several farms. The village has a Church of England school called Henry Prince First School and it opened in the 1860s, in 2005 a nursery was added. The first Well Dressing festival in Mayfield was held in 1896, the preparation of the boards takes several days. Clay is spread over the wet boards then the outline of the design pricked out with coffee beans, petalling follows and finally the boards are erected by the wells. The wells are blessed by local clergy and remain for a week for people to view, thomas Moore, the Irish poet, singer, songwriter, and entertainer lived in Mayfield for a time
26.
The Heath
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The Heath is an area in Uttoxeter in Staffordshire, close to the border with Derbyshire. The Heath was once a settlement, but it is now considered a part of Uttoxeter. The Uttoxeter Canal previously terminated in The Heath, it was completed in 1811, the area around the canal basin is now known as The Wharf. The Heath became a village in 1880 when the church opened, until the 1950s The Heath and Uttoxeter were two separate settlements. The Heath had a church, a school and several houses, Uttoxeter Heath Windmill was a feature in the area until the 1920s. The Heath is 345 feet above sea level and is built on a slight hill, the River Tean runs to the North of the village and the River Dove runs close by to the east. To the east of the Village there is a Dismantled Railway line which there is evidence of. This covers an area of approximately 1.34 square kilometres, the original boundaries were in a triangular shape with Heath Road to the South, Ashbourne Road to the North East and the end of Holly Road to the North West, covering an area of 27 hectares. As the name suggests The Heath is likely to mean an area of heathland to the north of Uttoxeter, the heathland today has long since gone. As the word Heath is a place name it is often referred to as The Heath. As The Heath and Uttoxeter have begun to merge the name The Heath is becoming obsolete in non-official everyday usage. According to the 2001 Census the population for Heath Ward 6,049, in the ward over 97% of people describe themselves as White British with just 174 from an ethnic minority. There are 2,934 Males and 3,115 Females in the ward, the village is part of the Uttoxeter civil parish. It is part of the Burton constituency and the current MP is Conservative Andrew Griffiths, in the European Parliament, it is part of the West Midlands constituency which is represented by six MEPs. There is a medium-sized refuse site and recycling centre operated by East Staffordshire Borough Council waste collection services are provided by East Staffordshire Borough Council. Water and sewage services are provided by South Staffordshire Water and Uttoxeter Sewage Treatment Works is located on the edge of The Heath, the Distribution Network Operator for electricity is Central Networks better known as E. ON UK. The Heath uses the Stoke-On-Trent postcode and the town is Uttoxeter. There is a small sub-post office located inside the Londis store, the nearest library is in Uttoxeter
27.
County borough
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County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control. They were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales, in the Republic of Ireland they remain in existence but have been renamed cities under the provisions of the Local Government Act 2001. The Local Government Act 1994 re-introduced the term for certain areas in Wales. Scotland did not have county boroughs but instead counties of cities and these were abolished on 16 May 1975. All four Scottish cities of the time — Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, there was an additional category of large burgh in the Scottish system, which were responsible for all services apart from police, education and fire. Some cities and towns were already independent counties corporate, and most were to become county boroughs, the Local Government Act 1888 as eventually passed required a population of over 50,000 except in the case of existing counties corporate. This resulted in 61 county boroughs in England and two in Wales, several exceptions were allowed, mainly for historic towns, Bath, Dudley and Oxford were all under the 50,000 limit in the 1901 census. Various new county boroughs were constituted in the decades as more boroughs reached the 50,000 minimum. The granting of county status was the subject of much disagreement between the large municipal boroughs and the county councils. County boroughs to be constituted in this era were a bag, including some towns that would continue to expand such as Bournemouth. Other towns such as Burton upon Trent and Dewsbury were not to increase in population much past 50,000, the threshold was raised to 100,000 by the Local Government Act 1958. The viability of the county borough of Merthyr Tydfil came into question in the 1930s. Due to a decline in the industries of the town, by 1932 more than half the male population was unemployed. At the same time the population of the borough was lower than when it had created in 1908. A royal commission was appointed in May 1935 to investigate whether the status of Merthyr Tydfil as a county borough should be continued. In the event county borough status was retained by the town, after the Second World War the creation of new county boroughs in England and Wales was effectively suspended, pending a local government review. The policy in the paper also ruled out the creation of new county boroughs in Middlesex owing to its special problems, the Local Government Boundary Commission was appointed on 26 October 1945, under the chairmanship of Sir Malcolm Trustram Eve, delivering its report in 1947. The report envisaged the creation of 47 two-tiered new counties,21 one-tiered new counties and 63 new county boroughs, although the Commissions did not complete their work before being dissolved, a handful of new county boroughs were constituted between 1964 and 1968
28.
Birmingham City Council
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Birmingham City Council is the local government body responsible for the governance of the City of Birmingham in England, which has been a metropolitan district since 1974. The council headquarters are based at the Council House in the city centre, the council is responsible for running nearly all local services, with the exception of those run by joint boards. The provision of services has in recent years been devolved to several council constituencies. Sixteen Aldermen and 48 Councillors were elected and the Borough was divided into 13 wards, William Scholefield became the first Mayor and William Redfern was appointed as Town Clerk. It was not until 14 January 1889 that another Charter conferred the rank of City on Birmingham, on 9 November 1891, the districts of Balsall Heath, Harborne, Saltley and Little Bromwich were absorbed into the City. The dignity of a Lord Mayor was conferred in 1896 and Sir James Smith Kt was appointed as the Citys first Lord Mayor on 3 June 1896. Such was the expansion involved that the Council Chamber, originally designed to accommodate 80 members, had to be modified to seat the representatives of the new wards, further additions occurred on 1 April 1928 and 1 April 1931. By 1972, there were 39 Wards each represented by an Alderman and 3 Councillors, on 1 July 1986, the title was changed to Birmingham City Council. Part of Bromsgrove District known as Frankley and Kitwell Estates were added to the City on 1 April 1995, a review of the Ward boundaries on 10 June 2004 resulted in an increase from 39 Wards to 40 Wards. The first woman elected to the council, on 1 November 1911, was Ellen Pinsent and she represented the Edgbaston Ward as a Liberal Unionist. She had earlier been co-opted as a member of the councils Education Committee and she stood down from the council in October 1913 upon appointment as Commissioner for the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency. Pinsents time on the council overlapped with that of Margaret Frances Pugh, birminghams third woman councillor, Clara Martineau, was elected on 14 October 1913 in the Edgbaston ward, and served until 1932, when she died, aged 57. Her father was former Mayor Sir Thomas Martineau, Lord Mayor Ernest Martineau was her brother, mary E. Cottrell became the first female Labour councillor in February 1917, when she was elected unopposed to the Selly Oak ward. The first female Lord Mayor, Marjorie Brown, held the post from 1973 to 1974, Theresa Stewart became the first female leader in October 1993, until 1999, and Lin Homer the first chief executive, was in post from 2002 until 2005. The council was run by a Labour administration between 1984 and 2004, with Sir Dick Knowles as Council Leader from 1984 to 1993, followed in turn by Theresa Stewart, and Sir Albert Bore. They lost overall control in 2003 but continued to run the council as a minority administration for the following year, at the election of 10 June 2004, the 121 seats were divided between the Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties. The Conservative and Liberal Democrat groups then formed a governing coalition, in 2005, Richard Mawrey QC ruled invalid Birmingham City Council elections in two wards, Aston and Bordesley Green, held the year before, and required re-votes. He blamed most of the fraud on absentee ballot manipulation
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Bromsgrove District
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Bromsgrove is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. Its council is based in the town of Bromsgrove and it borders the built up area of Birmingham to the north. Other places in the district include Alvechurch, Aston Fields, Belbroughton, Catshill, Clent, Hagley, Rubery, Stoke Prior, the current district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Bromsgrove urban district and Bromsgrove Rural District. The following table illustrates the change in the population between 1801 and 2011. Bromsgrove railway station is the station for the centre of the district. Road travel, especially to Birmingham, is important in the district. Barnt Green railway station and Alvechurch railway station are on the line to Redditch, Hagley railway station and Wythall railway station are also on lines leading into Birmingham, which pass through the edges of the district
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Cannock Chase District
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Cannock Chase is a local government district in England. It covers a part of Cannock Chase forest and the towns of Cannock, Rugeley. Until the 2010 general election the constituency of Cannock Chase consisted of Cannock Chase district plus the adjacent village of Huntington. From 2010 onwards the constituency has exactly the same boundaries as the district, since 2011, Cannock Chase has formed part of both the Greater Birmingham & Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership, and Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire Local Enterprise Partnership. The Labour Party has controlled the council since gaining an overall majority in the 2012 elections. The table below shows the status of the parties since the beginning of 2010 and this includes district council election results, highlighted in red, as well as defections. As Labour currently has a majority on the council, they control all nine of the cabinet portfolios which are as follows
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Lichfield District Council
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Lichfield District Council is a non metropolitan district council, which covers the district of Lichfield in Staffordshire, England. It was formed in 1974 from Lichfield City Council and Lichfield Rural District Council, the council offices are located at the District Council House on Frog Lane, in the centre of Lichfield. Before May 2011, the second largest group was the Liberal Democrat and they were made up of Liberal Democrat and independent councillors. At the 2011 elections the Conservatives retained overall control, the Liberal Democrats and Independent councillors lost all of their 7 seats at the election. Of the 56 seats, the council is divided between Conservatives and Labour
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Redditch
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Redditch is a town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England, approximately 15 miles south of Birmingham. The district had a population of 84,300 in 2011, in the 19th century it became the international centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry. At one point 90% of the needles were manufactured in the town. In the 1960s it became a model for new town planning. It is known locally by the nickname The Ditch, the first recorded mention of Redditch is in 1348, the year of the outbreak of the Black Death. Redditch was designated a new town on 10 April 1964, housing developments such as Church Hill, Matchborough, Winyates, Lodge Park and Woodrow were created to accommodate a large overspill from the industrially expanding Birmingham. Redditch was built as a flagship town using new methods and new town planning, all the roads were banked to reduce noise to the new housing estates. By the 21st century needle-making and other industries had been replaced by modern light industry and services. The automotive retailer Halfords and engineering giant GKN both have their headquarters in Redditch, manufacturer of precious metal contacts Samuel Taylor Ltd has manufacturing plants within the town. Following the redevelopment of the flagship Kingfisher Shopping Centre in 2002 Redditch is undergoing an economic, the town is home to several historical sites. The parliamentary constituency of Redditch is represented by Karen Lumley of the Conservatives, Redditch has a Borough Council with councillors elected from the Wards of Redditch. Redditch is in Worcestershire, just south of the West Midlands urban area and it is 15 miles north of Evesham on the A435, which skirts it to the east. The main access routes are the A441 via junction 2 of the M42 Motorway, the A435 from junction 3 of the M42, the Roman Road known as Icknield Street is prominent, running north to south through the eastern side of the town. Redditch has a climate similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. The Borough of Redditch is divided into several districts, to the east of the town are New Town Districts built in the 1970s and 1980s. To the west of the Borough are older Former Village Districts that dominate the south, the M42 motorway is a short drive away and it is linked by dual carriageways and A-class roads to surrounding towns such as Bromsgrove and Evesham. There are regular bus services to Studley, Bromsgrove, Catshill, the Cross-City Line provides a regular train service via Birmingham New Street to Lichfield Trent Valley. Redditch railway station, the terminus of the line, was first opened as the terminus of the Redditch Railway on 19 September 1859
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Borough of Tamworth
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Tamworth is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire in England. It is named after Tamworth which is the town in which it covers, areas of Tamworth include Amington, Belgrave, Bolehall, Coton Green, Dosthill, Glascote, Stonydelph and Wilnecote. The town of Fazeley, despite bordering Tamworth is within the Lichfield District, the borough council has been Conservative-controlled since 2004, but was Labour-controlled since the early 1980s. At the last election, May 2016, the Conservative Party held the borough, the council is now made up of with 20 Conservative councillors,7 Labour Councillors and 3 UKIP councillors. The Mayor for 2015/16 is Cllr Ken Norci, Tamworth is also a non-constituent member of the West Midlands Combined Authority. Meaning there is an election of 1 councillor for each of the 10 wards over a three-year period, the fourth year see elections to Staffordshire County Council. Councillors are elected for a four-year term, the council has a cabinet system of governance, the Leader of the council is Cllr Daniel Cook and the Deputy Leader is Cllr Robert Pritchard
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Labour Party (UK)
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The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Labour later served in the coalition from 1940 to 1945. Labour was also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979, first under Wilson and then James Callaghan. The Labour Party was last in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, beginning with a majority of 179. Having won 232 seats in the 2015 general election, the party is the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the party also organises in Northern Ireland, but does not contest elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Labour Party is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance. In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party, the first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party. In the 1895 general election, the Independent Labour Party put up 28 candidates, Keir Hardie, the leader of the party, believed that to obtain success in parliamentary elections, it would be necessary to join with other left-wing groups. Hardies roots as a lay preacher contributed to an ethos in the party led to the comment by 1950s General Secretary Morgan Phillips that Socialism in Britain owed more to Methodism than Marx. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, the meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations—trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates. This created an association called the Labour Representation Committee, meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and it had no single leader, and in the absence of one, the Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald was elected as Secretary. He had the task of keeping the various strands of opinions in the LRC united. The October 1900 Khaki election came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively, only 15 candidatures were sponsored, but two were successful, Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby. Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, the judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. In their first meeting after the election the groups Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name The Labour Party formally, the Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement, the Peoples History Museum in Manchester holds the minutes of the first Labour Party meeting in 1906 and has them on display in the Main Galleries. Also within the museum is the Labour History Archive and Study Centre, the governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation
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Liberal Democrats (UK)
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The Liberal Democrats are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, at the 2015 general election, the party was reduced to eight MPs. Nick Clegg resigned as leader and Tim Farron won the subsequent leadership election, the party currently has nine MPs, following the Richmond Park by-election. The Alliance was led by David Steel and Roy Jenkins, Jenkins was replaced by David Owen, the two parties had their own policies and emphases, but produced a joint manifesto for the 1983 and 1987 general elections. Following disappointing results in the 1987 election, Steel proposed to merge the two parties, although opposed by Owen, it was supported by a majority of members of both parties, and they formally merged in March 1988, with Steel and Robert Maclennan as joint interim leaders. The new party was initially named Social and Liberal Democrats with the short form The Democrats being used from September 1988. The name was changed to Liberal Democrats in October 1989. The new party logo, the Bird of Liberty, was adopted in 1989, the party is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Liberal International. The then-serving Liberal MP Paddy Ashdown was elected leader in July 1988, at the 1989 European Elections, the party received only 6% of the vote, putting them in fourth place after the Green Party. They failed to gain a single Member of the European Parliament at this election, over the next three years, the party recovered under Ashdowns leadership. They performed better at the 1990 local elections and in by-elections—including at Eastbourne in 1990, Ribble Valley in 1991, the Lib Dems did not reach the share of national votes in the 1990s that the Alliance had achieved in the 1980s. At their first election in 1992, they won 17. 8% of the vote, in the 1994 European Elections, the party gained its first two Members of European Parliament. The election was, however, something of a point for the Liberal Democrats. Ashdown retired as leader in 1999 and the party elected Charles Kennedy as his replacement, the party improved on their 1997 results at the 2001 general election, increasing their number of seats to 52 and their share of the vote to 18. 3%. The party won seats from Labour in by-elections in Brent East in 2003 and Leicester South in 2004, under Kennedys leadership the majority of Pro-Euro Conservatives, a group of former members of the Conservatives, joined the Liberal Democrats on 10 December 2001. At the 2005 general election, the Lib Dems gained their highest share of the vote since the SDP–Liberal Alliance and won 62 seats. Many had anticipated that this election would be the Lib Dems breakthrough at Westminster, party activists hoped to better the 25% support of the 1983 election, or to reach 100 MPs. Much of the apparent lack of success resulted from the first-past-the-post electoral system, controversy became associated with the campaign when it became known that Michael Brown had donated £2.4 million to the Liberal Democrats
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A38 road
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The A38, part of which is also known as the Devon Expressway, is a major A-class trunk road in England. The road runs from Bodmin in Cornwall to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire and it is 292 miles long, making it the longest 2-digit A road in England. It was formerly known as the Leeds–Exeter Trunk Road, when this also included the A61. Prior to the opening of the M5 motorway in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable lengths of the road in the West Midlands closely follow Roman roads, including part of Icknield Street. Between Worcester and Birmingham the current A38 follows the line of a Saxon salt road, For most of the length of the M5 motorway, the A38 road runs alongside it as a single carriageway road. The road starts on the side of Bodmin at a junction with the A30 before traversing the edge of the town to meet the A30 again. It travels through the picturesque Glynn Valley to Dobwalls and Liskeard, the Dobwalls section contains the most sophisticated bat bridge yet constructed in the UK. The A38 continues through the Cornish countryside, bypassing the centre of Saltash, immediately after the tunnel the River Tamar is crossed using the Tamar Bridge where the route resumes dual carriageway status. It is 42 miles long and was completed in the early 1970s, there are several grade separated junctions along its length mainly for local traffic, including a three-level stacked roundabout for the A386, which heads out towards Dartmoor National Park. The route was reserved for the Parkway as early as 1943, the viaducts carrying the A38 over the River Plym, which after the construction of the Marsh Mills flyover became the Exeter bound sliproads, were built in 1969–70 as part of the Plympton bypass. This required the road to be closed for only 48 hours, the South Brent bypass opened in 1974 and the Ivybridge bypass in 1973, both on new alignments. After Ivybridge, the route parallels the original route, bypassing the village of Lee Mill which is now home to a large trading estate. The road widens to a dual carriageway for the Plympton bypass. This opened in 1971 and was the first section of the Devon Expressway to be built on a new alignment, the route originally ended at the Marsh Mills roundabout, which when opened was the largest in Europe. The section of the A38 between the A382 junction and Ashburton was built on a new alignment parallel to the old road, trago Mills, a locally well known retailer, is passed by the road. The Ashburton bypass, much like the Kennford bypass, uses the alignment of a much older 1930s single carriageway bypass, which was subsequently upgraded to dual carriageway by 1974. At the town of Buckfastleigh, the once again bypasses on a new alignment, although due to the challenging topography of the area. Some of this section follows part of the old Teign Valley Line railway, before Kennford, the route splits, with the A38 heading for Plymouth and the A380 heading towards Torbay
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A50 road
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The A50 is a major trunk road in England between Warrington and Leicester, historically it was also a major route from London to Leicester. The current A50 runs south-east from Warrington via Junction 20 of the M6, Knutsford, Holmes Chapel, Kidsgrove and Stoke on Trent to Junction 24 of the M1 near Kegworth, via Derbys southern bypass. From there it is concurrent with the M1 until Junction 22, the section from junctions 24a and 24 of the M1 is the former A6, and has not been widened. It has only three lanes westbound from junction 24a, the Stoke and Derby section was originally intended to be part of an M64 motorway. In November 2013 it was reported that funding would be being made available for improvements to the section around Uttoxeter, a few days earlier the MP was lobbying for the improvements, stating that improvements were needed to the traffic islands for safety reasons and to improve traffic flow. There are plans for 700 new houses to the west of Uttoxeter and to the south of the A50. Prior to the opening of the M1, the A50 route was one of two routes from London to the North West via Leicester, until it was replaced by what has become the A6 during the 19th century. A third route between London and Leicester was via the A5 to Old Stratford, A508 to Market Harborough and that route and the A50 route both passed through Northampton which was a significant calling point on many coaching routes until the arrival of the railway. Until the M1 opened, the A50 used to terminate at Hockliffe in Bedfordshire at a junction with the A5, when the M1 motorway opened alongside the old route south of Northampton it was down-classified as, B526 between Northampton and the Newport Pagnell bypass. A509 between the Newport Pagnell bypass and Junction 14 of the M1, a5130 between Junction 14 and Woburn A4012 between Woburn and Hockcliffe. From that point until the 1990s the southern point of the A50 was at a junction with the A508 in Kingsthorpe, Northampton. In the 1990s, with the opening of the A14 and to traffic from using the road between Leicester and Northampton, the old route was re-designated as A5199 between Leicester and Northampton. At the same time the A50 became the A511 north of Leicester, part of the route mirrored the plans for the original M64 motorway, with three lanes in some sections - notably between Kegworth and the A6 near Derby. The new A50 route was opened in stages between 1984 and 1999, with using various temporary designations,1984, 9-mile £16m Blythe Bridge - Uttoxeter section from the north-west),1992, £2. 6m Etwall bypass, opened as the A516. 1995, 6-mile £30. 4m Hatton, Hilton and Foston bypass,1997, 3-mile £52m section 1 of the Blythe Bridge to Queensway. 1997, the £109. 5m 14. 9-mile Derby Southern Bypass, opened by Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman,1997, the 1-mile £21m section 2 of the Blythe Bridge to Queensway 1998, 5-mile £20. 6m Doveridge Bypass as the A564. 1999, the delayed A50/M1 junction 24a improvements, on completion, the Southern Derby Bypass was re-designated as the A50, being maintained privately by Connect A50 Ltd. Much of this new section of road is made of concrete, media related to A50 road at Wikimedia Commons SABRE website
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Burton-on-Trent railway station
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Burton-on-Trent railway station is in the town of Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, England. The original station was opened in 1839 by the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway on its route from Derby to Hampton-in-Arden meeting the London. In 1881 the old station was demolished and an island platform constructed. A new station was constructed 150 yards further south and separated from the roadway on the bridge by iron palisading. There was a large covered cab-stand, which offered access to the hall, 65ft wide,27 ft deep and 35ft high in early English style. The stairs provided access to the platform on which were built waiting rooms for ladies and gentlemen, and a first-class refreshment and dining room. The platforms were covered with a canopy and extended close to one quarter of a mile in length. The station was designed by the company architect John Holloway Sanders, the bridge was constructed under the supervision of the company engineer, Mr. Campion. The new station re-opened in 1883 and these all closed to passenger traffic between 1960 and 1965. The station was yet again in 1971. During the summer and autumn of 2011, the station underwent a £700,000 refurbishment, including removal of asbestos, improved disabled facilities, improved lighting, access to the station is from the bridge on Borough Road that crosses the railway line. At road level, there is a car park, a taxi rank/shop and the entrance to the station. In order to reach the two platforms, passengers descend a staircase, one of the few remaining parts of the old station. Only a single building now stands at level, and this building incorporates a waiting room, toilets. Timetable information is available from destination boards and real-time customer information screens with automated train announcements, the station has the PlusBus scheme where train and bus tickets can be bought together at a saving. The station lies on the Cross Country Route, between Derby and Birmingham, the stations operator is East Midlands Trains, but no East Midlands Trains trains call there. The Nottingham - Birmingham services call every hour each way. East Midlands Trains used to run two return weekday services to London via Derby and Leicester along the Midland Main Line
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Cross Country Route
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The UK cross-country route is a long-distance UK rail route that has in its central part superseded the Midland Railway. It runs from Cornwall via Bristol, Birmingham, Sheffield and Leeds and it facilitates some of the longest passenger journeys in the UK such as Penzance to Aberdeen. In the summer services are provided to additional coastal stations such as Newquay, most Derby-Nottingham local passenger trains were taken over by diesel units from 14 April 1958, taking about 34 minutes between the two cities. Use and services have expanded since privatisation when a route was awarded as a single franchise to Virgin Trains. During the 1990s and early 2000s, the network was served by High Speed Trains, and Class 47s, modern, more powerful multiple-units of the 21st century such as the Turbostars and Voyagers have improved train performance without electrification. However, the line has higher operating costs and a higher carbon footprint than if it were electrified. The use of the route for freight has decreased, due to the bulk of haulage switching to road use, in the 1960s the route was considered for electrification. This would have been beneficial for climbing the Lickey Incline between Cheltenham and Birmingham, as many of the early diesels were underpowered. Under the governments that succeeded the 1976–79 Labour government the proposal was not implemented, the Birmingham to Derby section of the route has a line speed of 125 mph, however Birmingham to Bristol is restricted to 100 mph due to a number of half barrier level crossings. The line is not fully electrified, but some sections are overhead electrified at 25kV AC, Barnt Green to Grand Junction, with further sections around Leeds and it has been confirmed that the line between Derby and Sheffield will be electrified as part of the Midland Main Line upgrade. Most long distance services on the route are operated by Class 220/221 Voyager Trains and these trains are capable of achieving 125 mph, compared to the previous Class 47s and Mk 2 coaching stock, which had a top speed of 95 mph. Rail services in Bristol Transport in Wales Virgin CrossCountry CrossCountry Notes References
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Uttoxeter railway station
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Uttoxeter railway station pronounced serves the town of Uttoxeter in Staffordshire, England. It is served by trains on the Crewe-Derby Line which is also a Community rail line known as the North Staffordshire line, the station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Trains. The full range of tickets for travel are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost, the present station was built by the North Staffordshire Railway to serve its main line from Stoke-on-Trent to Derby. Prior to 1881, three different stations had been in use simultaneously, all being built by the NSR, the section from Stoke-on-Trent to Uttoxeter was opened on 7 August 1848. The first station opened in the town was Uttoxeter Bridge Street station, the following month on 11 September 1848 the line was completed through to Burton and through running between Stoke and Derby began. Uttoxeter then had three stations in total, in 1880, the NSR decided to close all three and construct a north to west line forming a triangular junction. A new Uttoxeter station replaced all three at this new junction and opened on 10 October 1881, there is a model of the 1881 station at the Uttoxeter Heritage Centre. The Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway which opened in 1867 also used the station, on 1 January 1923, under the Railways Act 1921, the North Staffordshire Railway was absorbed by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. The LMS was nationalised in 1948 and became part of British Rail, the last mainline steam train used the station on 16 September 1957 and thereafter an hourly DMU service operated which has been used ever since. Passenger services on the Churnet Valley line from Uttoxeter towards Leek and Macclesfield ceased operation 2 January 1965, the last mainline steam train ran on 16 September 1957. The engine sheds closed on 7 December 1964, a siding which was part of the old Churnet valley line remained until the 1980s. The station buildings were destroyed by fire on 9 May 1987, on 2 March 1997, the station became part of the Central Trains franchise. Trains would run from the station from Manchester Airport to Skegness railway station, in 2004, the Manchester Airport train was cut short to Crewe and, in September 2005, the Skegness train was cut short to Derby. It has two platforms, and a car park, since 2002, there have been proposals to build a ticket office, but that is unlikely in the short term. There are bus shelters on platforms and a real bus stop just outside the station on Station Road. New LED information boards on both platforms were introduced in 2007, replacing a single screen at the station entrance. The station was unstaffed between 1988 and 2012, when it became staffed for the first time in 24 years for the purpose of helping people across the crossing to platform 2. In 2013 a footbridge with disabled access opened at the station, there is also now direct access to Uttoxeter Racecourse, which is adjacent to the station, and a car park for the Racecourse on the north side of the line
