The Eastern Bengal Railway was one of the pioneering railway companies that operated from 1857 to 1942, in the Bengal and Assam provinces of British India.

Rail transport in India consists of primarily of passenger and freight shipments along an integrated rail network. Indian Railways (IR), a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India, operates India's national railway system. It is the primary owner and operator of rail operations throughout the country including suburban rail in major metros.