Ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time.
Succession after disturbance: a boreal forest one year (left) and two years (right) after a wildfire.
The Indiana Dunes on Lake Michigan, which stimulated Cowles' development of his theories of ecological succession
Secondary succession: trees are colonizing uncultivated fields and meadows.
A hydrosere community
In ecology, a disturbance is a temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem. Disturbances often act quickly and with great effect, to alter the physical structure or arrangement of biotic and abiotic elements. A disturbance can also occur over a long period of time and can impact the biodiversity within an ecosystem.
Disturbance of a fire can clearly be seen by comparing the unburnt (left) and burnt (right) sides of the mountain range in South Africa. The veld ecosystem relies on periodic fire disturbances like these to rejuvenate itself.
Damages of storm Kyrill in Wittgenstein, Germany.
Forest fire burns on the island of Zakynthos in Greece on July 25th, 2007.