Succession after disturbance: a boreal forest one year (left) and two years (right) after a wildfire.

A hydrosere community

Secondary succession: trees are colonizing uncultivated fields and meadows.

Ecological micro-succession in a bacterial meta-community on-chip. (A) sketch of a micron-scale structured bacterial environment based on microfluidics technology; (B) Fluorescent microscopy image of Escherichia coli (magenta) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (green) inhabiting a device of the type depicted in A and which has been wettened with growth media and inoculated with both species; (C) a sequence of five snapshots of the bacterial community distributed over five patches (of an array with 85) depicting the spatial dynamics of competition between