Ectoplasm (paranormal)
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In spiritualism, ectoplasm, also known as simply ecto, is a substance or spiritual energy "exteriorized" by physical mediums. It was coined in 1894 by psychical researcher Charles Richet. The parapsyc
Helen Duncan was well known for using dolls and other props as ectoplasm in her sessions.
Medium Linda Gazzera with a doll portrayed as ectoplasm
Helen Duncan with supposed ectoplasm, analysed by Harry Price to be made of cheesecloth and a rubber glove
Kathleen Goligher with supposed ectoplasm made of muslin
Eva Carrière
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Eva Carrière, also known as Eva C, was a fraudulent materialization medium in the early 20th century known for making fake ectoplasm from chewed paper and cut-out faces from magazines and newspapers.
Ectoplasm (paranormal)
…sealed-letter reading and spirit photography. In the early 20th century the psychical researcher Albert von Schrenck-Notzing investigated medium Eva Carrière and claimed her ectoplasm "materializations" were not from spirits but the result of "ideoplasty" in which the medium could form images onto ectoplasm…
Carrière with light between hands