1.
Screen Actors Guild
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The Screen Actors Guild was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30,2012, the leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television. The Screen Actors Guild was associated with the Associated Actors and Artistes of America, AAAA is affiliated with the AFL–CIO. Internationally, the SAG was affiliated with the International Federation of Actors. C, since 1995, the guild annually awarded the Screen Actors Guild Awards, which are considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards. This award is continued by SAG-AFTRA, in 1925, the Masquers Club was formed by actors discontent with the grueling work hours at the Hollywood studios. This was one of the concerns which led to the creation of the Screen Actors Guild in 1933. A meeting in March 1933 of six led to the guilds foundation. Aubrey Smith, Charles Starrett, Richard Tucker, Arthur Vinton, Morgan Wallace, many high-profile actors refused to join SAG initially. This changed when the producers made an agreement amongst themselves not to bid competitively for talent, a pivotal meeting, at the home of Frank Morgan, was what gave SAG its critical mass. Cantors participation was critical, particularly because of his friendship with the recently elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt, after several years and the passage of the National Labor Relations Act, the producers agreed to negotiate with SAG in 1937. Robinson, Edwin Stanley, Gloria Stuart, Lyle Talbot, Franchot Tone, Warren William, Ten of those summoned, dubbed the Hollywood Ten, refused to cooperate and were charged with contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison. The president of SAG – future United States President Ronald Reagan – also known to the FBI as Confidential Informant T-10, testified before the committee but never publicly named names. He felt that lacking a definite stand on the part of the government, subsequently, a climate of fear, enhanced by the threat of detention under the provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act, permeated the film industry. On November 17,1947, the Screen Actors Guild voted to force its officers to take a non-communist pledge, none of those blacklisted were proven to advocate overthrowing the government – most simply had Marxist or socialist views. The Waldorf Statement marked the beginning of the Hollywood blacklist that saw hundreds of people prevented from working in the film industry, unfortunately, there are no credits to restore, nor any other belated recognition that we can offer our members who were blacklisted. They could not work under assumed names or employ surrogates to front for them, an actors work and his or her identity are inseparable. The Screen Actors Guild Ethnic Minorities Committee was co-founded in 1972 by actors Henry Darrow, Edith Diaz, Ricardo Montalban, the Screen Actors Guild Womens Committee was founded in 1972. In 1998, Naomi Marquez filed suit against SAG and Lakeside Productions claiming they had breached their duty of fair representation, the claim was denied by the Supreme Court
2.
William Schallert
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William Joseph Schallert was an American character actor who appeared in many films and television series. He began acting while a student at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and he returned to UCLA after the war and graduated in 1946. In 1946, helped found the Circle Theatre with Sydney Chaplin, in 1948, Schallert was directed by Sydneys father, Charlie Chaplin, in a staging of Somerset Maughams Rain. Schallert appeared in supporting roles on television programs starting in the early 1950s. He was in three episodes of Gunsmoke, season 3, episode 16 Twelfth Night in 1957, season 4, episode 16 Gypsum Hills Feud in 1958 and he appeared in The Partridge Family as a very humble folk-singing guitar player in Stage Fright, in 1971. He appeared three times as Major Karl Richmond on NBCs Steve Canyon, starring Dean Fredericks in the title role, Schallert also appeared in several movies. One of his early roles was a brief uncredited performance as a police detective in The Reckless Moment with Joan Bennett. Schallert also played an attendant in the early minutes of the 1950s sci-fi classic. He was a member of the Circle Players at The Circle Theatre, started in 1946. Schallert starred in Philbert, an innovative 1964 TV pilot for ABC, Schallert was probably best known as Martin Lane on The Patty Duke Show. He also appeared as a teacher, Mr. Leander Pomfritt, on The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. On the two shows he worked opposite actress Jean Byron. He played the role of Nilz Baris in the Star Trek episode The Trouble With Tribbles, and much later in the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine episode Sanctuary, in which he played Varani, a Bajoran musician. Schallert played the role of Carson Drew in the television series The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, in addition to his onscreen performances, Schallert did voiceover work for numerous television and radio commercials over the years. Among these were a role as Milton the Toaster in animated commercials for Kelloggs Pop-Tarts. He had the distinction of appearing in both the movie version of In the Heat of the Night and the later NBC TV version in 1992. In 2004, TV Guide recognized Schallerts portrayal of Martin Lane on The Patty Duke Show as No.39 on its list of 50 Greatest TV Dads. During Schallerts tenure as SAG President, he founded the Committee for Performers with Disabilities, and in 1993, he was awarded the Ralph Morgan Award for service to the Guild
3.
Patty Duke
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Anna Marie Patty Duke was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She first became known as a teen star, winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at age 16 for her role as Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker, a role which she had originated on Broadway. The following year she was given her own show, The Patty Duke Show and she later progressed to more mature roles such as that of Neely OHara in the film Valley of the Dolls. Over the course of her career, she received ten Emmy Award nominations, Duke also served as president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1985 to 1988. Duke was diagnosed bipolar disorder in 1982, after which she devoted much of her time to advocating for. Duke was born in Elmhurst, Queens, New York, the youngest of three children of Frances Margaret, a cashier, and John Patrick Duke, a handyman and she was of Irish, and more distant German, descent. Duke, her brother Raymond, and her sister Carol experienced a difficult childhood and their father was an alcoholic, and their mother suffered from clinical depression and was prone to violence. When Duke was six, her mother forced her father to leave the family home. When Duke was eight, her care was turned over to talent managers John and Ethel Ross, the Rosses methods of managing Dukes career were often unscrupulous and exploitative. They consistently billed Duke as being two years younger than she actually was and padded her resume with false credits and they gave her alcohol and prescription drugs, took unreasonably high fees from her earnings and made sexual advances to her. In addition, the Rosses ordered Duke to change her name—Anna Marie is dead and they hoped that Patty Duke would duplicate the success of tween actress Patty McCormack. One of Dukes earlier acting roles was in the late 1950s and she also appeared in print ads and in television commercials. In 1959, at the age of 12, Duke appeared on The $64,000 Question and won $32,000, in 1962, it was revealed that the game show had been rigged, and she was called to testify before a panel of the United States Senate. Also in 1959, Duke appeared in an adaptation of Meet Me in St. Louis as Tootie Smith. Dukes first major starring role was playing Helen Keller in the Broadway play The Miracle Worker, during the run, Dukes name was elevated to above the plays name on the theatres billboard, believed to be the first time this had been done for such a young star. The play was made into a 1962 film, for which Duke received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. At 16, Duke was the youngest person at that time to have received an Academy Award in a competitive category, Duke returned to television, this time starring with Laurence Olivier and George C. Scott in a television production of The Power and the Glory. Dukes own series, The Patty Duke Show, which Sidney Sheldon created especially for her, the show also featured such high-profile guest stars as Sammy Davis, Jr. Peter Lawford, Paul Lynde and Sal Mineo
4.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
5.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
6.
Wyandotte High School
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Wyandotte High School is a fully accredited public high school located in Kansas City, Kansas, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. The building itself is a historic and notable building, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The school principal is Mary Stewart, the mascot is the Bulldog and the school colors are red and white. The athletic programs have won state championships including an undefeated national championship in boys basketball in 1923. Notable alumni of the school include actor Edward Asner, actress Dee Wallace, on March 28,1985, the school building was designated as a Kansas City, Kansas Historic Landmark. It was registered in Historic Kansas Places on November 23,1985, stephen Kings Sometimes They Come Back was filmed at Wyandotte. The Bulldogs are classified as a 6A school, the largest classification in Kansas according to the Kansas State High School Activities Association, throughout its history, Wyandotte has won over fifty state championships in various sports. Many graduates have gone on to participate in Division I, Division II, the Bulldogs are known statewide for winning 20 state titles in basketball including a 1923 undefeated national championship season in which the Bulldogs beat Rockford, Illinois, by a score of 43–21. Shublom posted a 296–26 record at Wyandotte, with his 1957 and 1965 teams finishing unbeaten and he and Wyandotte High School share a spot in the Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, where they fall under the heading of high school dynasty. For ten straight seasons, from 1956 to 1965, Shubloms Bulldogs played in the championship game. In seven of those years they were successful, including five straight years, following his tenure at Wyandotte, he became the University of Missouri freshman coach in 1969 and in two years there, guided the Tiger frosh to 21 wins and 2 losses. Shublom went on to coach Kansas City Kansas Community College for 11 seasons before retiring in 1982, in addition to coaching, he played minor league baseball in the Pittsburgh Pirates farm system. In 1982, he was inducted into the National High School Hall of Fame, the basketball team also won a state championship in basketball in 1998. In November 2006, the team made a playoff appearance for the first time since 1987. Wyandottes football teams have won the championship six times, occurring in 1921,1923,1932,1933,1942. State football championships are not recognized by the KSHSAA prior to 1969,1969 was the first year that the KSHSAA sponsored the football state championships. Adding the six state football titles would bring Wyandottes total to 59, in the early 1930s, students built a two-seat monoplane aircraft designed by Noel Hockaday. It was called the Wyandotte Pup, the design rights were bought by the Porterfield Aircraft Corporation and the aircraft entered production as the Porterfield Flyabout
7.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
8.
University of Chicago
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The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It holds top-ten positions in national and international rankings and measures. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,700 students in the College, Chicagos physics department helped develop the worlds first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the viewing stands of universitys Stagg Field. The university is home to the University of Chicago Press. With an estimated date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicagos curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences, the University of Chicago has many prominent alumni. 92 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as professors, students, faculty, or staff, similarly,34 faculty members and 16 alumni have been awarded the MacArthur “Genius Grant”. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field, while the Rockefeller donation provided money for academic operations and long-term endowment, it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings. The original physical campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B, Cobb who provided the funds for the campus first building, Cobb Lecture Hall, and matched Marshall Fields pledge of $100,000. Organized as an independent institution legally, it replaced the first Baptist university of the same name, william Rainey Harper became the modern universitys first president on July 1,1891, and the university opened for classes on October 1,1892. The business school was founded thereafter in 1898, and the law school was founded in 1902, Harper died in 1906, and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929. During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded to support, in 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice, several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history by 1910, in 1929, the universitys fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office, the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. In 1933, Hutchins proposed a plan to merge the University of Chicago. During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals finished construction, also, the Committee on Social Thought, an institution distinctive of the university, was created. Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the Rockefeller Foundation helped the school to survive through the Great Depression, during World War II, the university made important contributions to the Manhattan Project. The university was the site of the first isolation of plutonium and of the creation of the first artificial, in the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood
9.
Lou Grant
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Louis Lou Grant is a fictional character played by Edward Asner in two television series produced by MTM Enterprises for CBS. The first was The Mary Tyler Moore Show, a half-hour light-hearted situation comedy in which the character was the director at fictional television station WJM-TV. Although spin-offs are common on American television, Lou Grant remains the only character to have a role on both a popular comedy and a popular dramatic series. Although the setting of The Mary Tyler Moore Show might have implied that he was a native Minnesotan, Lou Grant in fact established that he was born in the town of Goshen. He was the son of John Simpson Grant and Ellen Hammersmith Grant, at some point in his youth and early adulthood he developed a lifelong affection for westerns, particularly those starring John Wayne. In high school, he was a tackle for his schools football team, soon after high school, he married Edie MacKenzie, at an age young enough to have four grandchildren before he turned 50. After marriage he became a combatant in World War II and he served in both the Pacific and European Theatres. At one point, he was a sergeant in the Pacific-based 2nd Marine Division, during another phase of his wartime service he was injured by a grenade in France, the last remnants of which were only removed in his late 40s. He was also part of a unit that liberated a town in Germany. During the war he met and befriended Walter Cronkite and he attended college, likely after the war. He started his career in print journalism as a boy but it is unclear whether this was in Detroit. In this period of his life he met and worked with Charlie Hume for the first time at the San Francisco Call-Bulletin and he eventually became the head of the WJM news department. He worked in that capacity for 11 years, for most of that period, Mary Richards served as his associate producer, Ted Baxter as his news anchor and Murray Slaughter as his head writer. Of these relationships, the one with Richards was likely the closest, when he first interviewed Mary he liked her because she had spunk, even though he hated spunk. He offered her the job of producer, which paid less than the secretarial position for which shed initially interviewed. She accepted, saying that she could afford to be an associate producer. At the same time Mary discovered that Lou was a heavy drinker, except for one abortive attempt at romance, his general attitude towards her was paternalistic. A typical display of his affection for Richards came when his nephew, Allen, Lou became infuriated and said Listen you, let me remind you of something, and remember this forever
10.
The Mary Tyler Moore Show
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The program featured American televisions first never-married, independent career woman as the central character. It is one of the most acclaimed television programs in US television history and it received high praise from critics during its run, including Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series three years in a row, and continued to be honored long after the final episode aired. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked The Mary Tyler Moore Show No.6 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time. Mary Richards is a woman who, at age 30. She applies for a job at television station WJM. She is instead offered the position of associate producer of the stations Six OClock News and she befriends her tough but lovable boss Lou Grant, newswriter Murray Slaughter, and buffoonish anchorman Ted Baxter. Mary later becomes producer of the show, Mary rents a third-floor studio apartment in a 19th-century house from acquaintance and downstairs landlady, Phyllis Lindstrom, and she and upstairs neighbor Rhoda Morgenstern become best friends. Characters introduced later in the series are acerbic, man-hungry TV hostess Sue Ann Nivens, at the beginning of season 6, after both Rhoda and Phyllis have moved away, Mary relocates to a one-bedroom high-rise apartment. In the third season, issues such as pay for women, pre-marital sex. In the fourth season, such subjects as marital infidelity and divorce are explored with Phyllis and Lou, in the fifth season, Mary refuses to reveal a news source and is jailed for contempt of court. While in jail, she befriends a prostitute who seeks Marys help in a subsequent episode, Mary dates several men on and off over the years, two seriously, but remains single throughout the series. In 1995, Entertainment Weekly said that TVs most famous bachelorette pad was Marys apartment, the fictitious address was 119 North Weatherly, but the exterior establishing shots were of a real house in Minneapolis at 2104 Kenwood Parkway. In the real house, an unfinished attic occupied the space behind the window recreated on the studio set of Marys apartment. Once fans of the series discovered where exterior shots had been taken, according to Moore, the woman who lived in the house was overwhelmed by the people showing up and asking if Mary was around. To discourage crews from filming footage of the house, the owners placed an Impeach Nixon sign beneath the window where Mary supposedly lived. The house continued to attract 30 tour buses a day more than a decade after production ended, at the time of Mary Tyler Moores death, on January 25,2017, the Kenwood Parkway house was for sale at $1.7 million. Mary Richards, a single native Minnesotan, moves to Minneapolis in 1970 at age 30 and her sincere, kind demeanor often acts as a foil for the personalities of her co-workers and friends. Lou Grant is the Producer of the news and his tough and grumpy demeanor initially hides his kind-hearted nature which is gradually revealed as the series progresses
11.
Lou Grant (TV series)
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Lou Grant is an American drama series starring Ed Asner in the title role as a newspaper editor that aired on CBS from September 20,1977 to September 13,1982. The series was the third spin-off of the sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Lou Grant was created by The Mary Tyler Moore Show co-creators James L. Brooks and Allan Burns, along with Gene Reynolds. Lou Grant won 13 Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, Asner won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1978 and 1980. In doing so, he became the first person to win an Emmy Award for both Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for portraying the same character. Lou Grant also won two Golden Globe Awards, a Peabody Award, an Eddie Award, three awards from the Directors Guild of America and two Humanitas Prizes, given the shift from comedy to drama in this show, the nature of Grants interactions with others is toned down. References to Grants oftentimes excessive drinking, which had been a comedic theme on Mary Tyler Moore, were deemphasized on the new show. Recurring actors who played editors of various departments included Gordon Jump and Emilio Delgado, Peggy McCay had a role as Charlie Humes wife. However, lead actors from other MTM shows did appear in guest roles as other characters, including Jane Rose, Richard Schaal and Julie Kavner. The younger reporters are seen turning to Lou for guidance and mentorship over some of the hard questions. There were also glimpses into the lives of the Tribune staff. Lou Grant was a spin-off from The Mary Tyler Moore Show, unlike The Mary Tyler Moore Show, which was a 30-minute sitcom, Lou Grant was a one-hour drama. When The Mary Tyler Moore Show ended its run, that series co-creators and producers, James L. Brooks and they decided that it was easier to retain the popular Lou Grant character and make it a spinoff series. And Mary Tyler Moore had already established that the character had a newspaper career. Gene Reynolds, who was producing the TV show M*A*S*H at the time, was also brought on as a co-creator. Gary David Goldberg was a producer for the series, the theme music Lou Grant was composed by Patrick Williams. Lou Grant aired on CBS from September 1977 to September 1982, a total of 114 episodes were produced. Lou Grant won several honors during its run, including 13 Primetime Emmy Awards. Ed Asner served two terms as president of the Screen Actors Guild, in capacity during the 1980s he opposed U. S. policy in Central America
12.
Santa Claus
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Some maintain Santa Claus also absorbed elements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky. This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, childrens books, films and he accomplishes this feat with the aid of his elves, who make the toys in his workshop at the North Pole, and his flying reindeer, who pull his sleigh. He is commonly portrayed as living at the North Pole and saying ho ho ho often, Saint Nicholas of Myra was a 4th-century Greek Christian bishop of Myra in Lycia, a province of the Byzantine Empire, now in Turkey. Nicholas was famous for his generous gifts to the poor, in presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes. He was very religious from an age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. In continental Europe he is portrayed as a bearded bishop in canonical robes. The remains of Saint Nicholas are in Italy, in 1087, the Italian city of Bari mounted an expedition to locate the tomb of the Saint. The reliquary of St. Nicholas was conquered by Italian sailors, a basilica was constructed the same year to store the loot and the area became a pilgrimage site for the devout. Sailors from Bari collected just half of Nicholas skeleton, leaving all the fragments in the grave. These were collected by Venetian sailors during the First Crusade and taken to Venice, where a church to St. Nicholas, the patron of sailors, was built on the San Nicolò al Lido. This tradition was confirmed in two important scientific investigations of the relics in Bari and Venice, which revealed that the relics in the two Italian cities belong to the same skeleton. Saint Nicholas was later claimed as a saint of many diverse groups, from archers, sailors. He is also the saint of both Amsterdam and Moscow. During the Middle Ages, often on the evening before his day of 6 December. So Saint Nicholas changed to Santa Claus, martin Luther first suggested the Christkind as the bringer of gifts. But Nicholas remained popular as gifts bearer for the people, Father Christmas dates back as far as 16th century in England during the reign of Henry VIII, when he was pictured as a large man in green or scarlet robes lined with fur. He typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, bringing peace, joy, good food and wine, as England no longer kept the feast day of Saint Nicholas on 6 December, the Father Christmas celebration was moved to 25 December to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of good cheer, in the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas, Santas presumed progenitor
13.
Elf (film)
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Elf is a 2003 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jon Favreau and written by David Berenbaum. It stars Will Ferrell, James Caan, Zooey Deschanel, Mary Steenburgen, Daniel Tay, Edward Asner and it was released in the United States on November 7,2003 by New Line Cinema. The story is one of Santas elves who learns of his true identity as a human and goes to New York City to meet his biological father. The film received reviews from critics and earned $220.4 million worldwide on a $33 million budget. It inspired the 2010 Broadway musical Elf, The Musical and NBCs 2014 stop-motion animated television special Elf, on Christmas Eve in 1973, an orphaned infant boy stows away on Santa Claus sack. When discovered back at the North Pole, he is adopted by Papa Elf, Papa Elf names his son Buddy. Buddy grows up at the North Pole believing he is an elf, when Buddy accidentally learns that he is human, Papa Elf explains that he was born to Walter Hobbs and Susan Wells, and was given up for adoption without Walter knowing. Susan died and Walter works at a book publisher in New York City at the Empire State Building. Santa notes that Walter is on the naughty list due to his greed and selfishness, but suggests Buddy could help redeem him, Buddy has trouble acclimating to the customs of the human world. Buddy finds his fathers office, but Walter has him ejected after Buddy mentions Susan Wells, after following a security guards sarcastic suggestion to go back to Gimbels due to his elf outfit, the Gimbels manager mistakes him for an employee at Santa Land. He meets Jovie, an employee to whom he is attracted. Knowing that Santa will arrive the day, Buddy stays behind and spends the night decorating Santa Land. The next day, Buddy is appalled that the stores Santa is not real and rips off the fake beard, causing them to fight. Walter bails Buddy out of prison and takes him to Dr. Leonardo for a DNA test, the doctor convinces him to take Buddy home to meet his step-mother Emily and 12-year-old half-brother Michael. Walter and Michael are annoyed by Buddys childlike behavior, but Emily insists that they take care of him until he recovers, Buddy wins Michael over by helping him defeat a gang of bullies in a snowball fight and Michael encourages Buddy to ask Jovie out. One night, Buddy goes on a date with Jovie and wins her over, on Christmas Eve, Buddy bursts into Walters office during a meeting with Finch to tell Walter about his love, and mistakes Finch for an elf because of his dwarfism. Finch loses his temper and attacks Buddy before storming out, causing Walter to yell at Buddy, eugene and Morris find a notebook Finch left that is filled with ideas for childrens books. Walter pitches these ideas to Greenway, but Michael bursts in to tell Walter that Buddy ran away, Greenway refuses to reschedule, Walter quits his job and leaves to find Buddy
14.
Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas
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It is based on the 2003 film Elf and the Broadway theatre musical Elf, The Musical. While Edward Asner reprises his role of Santa Claus from the film, the rest of the cast consists of Jim Parsons, Mark Hamill, Kate Micucci, Max Charles, the special premiered on December 16,2014, on NBC. Santa narrates the story of Buddys travels to New York City to meet his father, along the way, his unrelenting cheer transforms the lives of everyone he meets and opens his fathers eyes to the magic of the holiday. Greenway Jay Leno as Fake Santa #1 Steve Higgins as Chadwick Matt Lauer as Mr. Sea Serpent Kevin Shinick as Fake Santa #4 The special was viewed by 4.82 million viewers, Elf, Buddys Musical Christmas received positive reviews from critics. Ray Rahman of Entertainment Weekly gave the special a B+, saying Elf, Buddys Musical Christmas probably wont become a classic, and in albeit in a minor way, that’s good reason to be happy — if not all the time, at least for an hour or so. Warner Home Video released Elf, Buddys Musical Christmas on DVD and Blu-ray on November 3,2015. com
15.
Voice acting
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Voice acting is the art of doing voice-overs or providing voices to represent a character or to provide information to an audience or user. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games, performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists, or voice talent. Their roles may also involve singing, although a voice actor is sometimes cast as the characters singing voice. Voice acting is recognised in Britain as a specialized dramatic profession, Voice artists are also used to record the individual sample fragments played back by a computer in an automated announcement. The voices for animated characters are provided by voice actors, for live action productions, voice acting often involves reading the parts of computer programs, radio dispatchers, or other characters who never actually appear on screen. With a radio drama or CD drama, there is freedom in voice acting, because there is no need to match a dub to the original actors. In the context of voice acting, narration is the use of commentary to convey a story to an audience. A narrator is a character or a non-personal voice that the creator of the story develops to deliver information to the audience. The voice actor who plays the narrator is responsible for performing the lines assigned to the narrator. In traditional literary narratives, narration is a story element, in other types of narratives, such as plays, television shows, video games. One of the most common uses for voice acting is within commercial advertising, the voice actor is hired to voice a message associated with the advertisement. This has different subgenres, television, radio, cinema, the subgenres are all different styles in their own right. Voiceover used in commercial adverts also is the area of voice acting where de-breathing is used. De-breathing means artificially removing breaths from the recorded voice and this is done to stop the audience being distracted in any way from the commercial message that is being put across. Dub localization is a type of voice-over and it is the practice of voice-over translation altering a foreign language film, art film or television series by voice actors. Voice-over translation is an audiovisual translation technique, in which, unlike in Dub localization, actor voices are recorded over the audio track. This method of translation is most often used in documentaries and news reports to translate words of foreign-language interviewees, automated dialogue replacement is the process of re-recording dialogue by the original actor after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes. ADR is also used to change original lines recorded on set to clarify context, improve diction or timing, in the UK, it is also called post-synchronization or post-sync
16.
Pixar
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Pixar, also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, Pixar has produced seventeen feature films, beginning with Toy Story, which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film, and its most recent being Finding Dory. All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an A−, the studio has also produced several short films. As of October 2016, its films have earned approximately $10.8 billion at the box office worldwide. Fourteen of Pixars films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time, the studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards, among many other awards and acknowledgments. Monsters, Inc. and Cars are the two films that were nominated for the award without winning it, while Cars 2, Monsters University, The Good Dinosaur. Up and Toy Story 3 were also the second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios Beauty. Luxo Jr. a character from the studios 1986 short film of the name, is the studios mascot. The award was presented by Lucasfilms founder George Lucas, Schure kept pouring money into the computer graphics lab, an estimated $15 million, giving the group everything they desired and drove NYIT into serious financial troubles. During the following months, they resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious. He was then reunited with Alvy Ray Smith, who made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques—in particular the invention of the alpha channel, Years later, the CGL produced a few frames of an experimental film called The Works. In 1982, the team working on special effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic. In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as a subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheeses Pizza Time Theatres company, only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas movie for NBC starring Chuck E. The animation movement would be made using Tweening instead of cel animation. After the North American Video Game Crash of 1983, Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat, sente Technologies would be sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope would be sold to LucasFilm. The Kadabrascope assets s would be combined with the Computer Division of LucasFilm, PTT would later be sold to ShowBiz Pizza Place, a competitor, in 1985. Amongst the 38 remaining employees, there were also Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim and Bill Reeves, Tom Duff, also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation
17.
Up (2009 film)
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Up is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Pete Docter, the film centers on a widower named Carl Fredricksen. By tying thousands of balloons to his home, 78-year-old Carl sets out to fulfill his dream to see the wilds of South America and complete a promise made to his late wife, the film was co-directed by Bob Peterson, with music composed by Michael Giacchino. Docter began working on the story in 2004, which was based on fantasies of escaping from life when it becomes too irritating and he and eleven other Pixar artists spent three days in Venezuela gathering research and inspiration. The designs of the characters were caricatured and stylized considerably, the floating house is attached by a varying number between 10,000 and 20,000 balloons in the films sequences. Up was Pixars first film to be presented in Disney Digital 3-D, up was released on May 29,2009, and opened the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, becoming the first animated and 3D film to do so. The film became a financial success, accumulating over $735 million in its theatrical release. Up received universal acclaim, with most reviewers commending the humor, edward Asner was praised for his portrayal of Carl, and a montage of Carl and his wife Ellie aging together was widely lauded. The film received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, making it the second animated film in history to such a nomination, following Beauty. In 1940, nine-year-old Carl Fredricksen idolizes famous explorer Charles F. Muntz, when Muntz is accused of fabricating the skeleton of a giant exotic bird he says he discovered at Paradise Falls, he vows not to return until he captures one alive. One day, Carl befriends a girl named Ellie, also a Muntz fan and she confides to Carl her desire to move her clubhouse—an abandoned house in the neighborhood—to a cliff overlooking Paradise Falls. Carl and Ellie grow up, get married and live in the restored house, Carl sells toy balloons at the zoo where Ellie works. After she suffers a miscarriage and they are told they cannot have a child and they save for the trip, but repeatedly have to spend the money on more pressing needs. Finally, the now elderly Carl arranges for the trip, but Ellie suddenly becomes ill, years later, Carl still lives in the house, stubbornly holding out while the neighborhood homes are torn down and replaced by skyscrapers. When he accidentally injures a construction worker, the court deems him a public menace, however, Carl comes up with a scheme to keep his promise to Ellie by turning his house into a makeshift airship, using thousands of helium balloons. Russell, a young Wilderness Explorer who visited Carl in his effort to earn his final badge, for assisting the elderly. After surviving a thunderstorm, the house lands on a tepui opposite Paradise Falls. Carl and Russell harness themselves to the still-buoyant house and begin to walk it across the mesa, Russell encounters a tall, colorful flightless bird, whom he names Kevin
18.
CSI: NY
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CSI, NY is an American police procedural television series that ran on CBS from September 22,2004 to February 22,2013, for a total of nine seasons and 197 original episodes. It is the series in the CSI franchise. Originally in 2004, CSI, NY was produced in partnership with the Canadian media company Alliance Atlantis, the company dissolved after season three in 2007, and all production after that was done under the purview of CBS Paramount Television. The show was filmed at the CBS Studio Center, with many of the scenes shot in. Occasionally, scenes were filmed on location in New York City, the series ended its ninth and final season on February 22,2013. It was canceled by CBS on May 10,2013, CSI, NY follows a group of investigators who work for the New York City crime lab. The series mixes gritty subject matter and deduction in the manner as its predecessors. The team is led by Detective Mac Taylor, a former Marine from Chicago, Mac is a veteran of the NYPD who lost his wife on 9/11, and as such must work to rebuild his personal life while supervising his team. He is organized, efficient, dedicated, and very proper in his management style, Macs partner is originally Stella Bonasera. Stella is half-Greek, half-Italian, and entirely New York City and she helped Mac through the impact of his wifes death and has been by his side ever since. She is an investigator, yet she often speaks before she thinks. Stella leaves New York to head a crime lab in New Orleans and is replaced by Detective Jo Danville, Jo is a former FBI criminalist and an experienced psychological profiler. Mac and she quickly form a friendship and an even stronger working rapport. Jo is still haunted by her ousting from the FBI after pulling the plug on improper lab procedure, together, Mac, Stella, and Jo head an elite team of detectives including Danny Messer, Aiden Burn, and Lindsay Monroe. The team also works alongside CSI Sheldon Hawkes, Detective Don Flack, Medical Examiner Sid Hammerback, Mac Taylor is a Detective First Grade and the director of the NYPD crime lab. Mac lost his wife, Claire, in the World Trade Center attacks, dates occasionally, Stella Bonasera is a half-Greek, half-Italian orphan. She is a Detective First Grade with the NYPD and the Assistant CSI Supervisor of Macs team and she often speaks before she thinks, leading to numerous complaints being made against her by those suspected of crimes. Always going where she can do the most good, Stella resigns from the NYPD crime lab following the finale to run the NOPD crime lab
19.
Butcher
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A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat or do any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat and poultry for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments, a butcher may be employed by supermarkets, grocery stores, butcher shops and fish markets, slaughter house, or may be self-employed. An ancient trade, whose duties may date back to the domestication of livestock, today, many jurisdictions offer trade certifications for butchers. Some areas expect a three-year apprenticeship followed by the option of becoming a master butcher, butchery is a traditional line of work. In the industrialized world, slaughterhouses use butchers to slaughter the animals, the steps include stunning, exsanguination, skinning or scalding and dehairing, evisceration and splitting. Secondary butchery involves boning and trimming primal cuts in preparation for sale, historically, primary and secondary butchery were performed in the same establishment, but the advent of methods of preservation and low cost transportation has largely separated them. In parts of the world, it is common for butchers to perform many or all of the butchers duties, where refrigeration is less common, these skills are required to sell the meat of slaughtered animals. Some butchers sell their goods in specialized stores, commonly termed a butcher shop, butchers at a butcher shop may perform primary butchery, but will typically perform secondary butchery to prepare fresh cuts of meat for sale. These shops may also sell related products, such as food supplies, baked goods. Butcher shops can have a variety of animal types, meat cuts. Additionally, butcher shops may focus on a culture, or nationality. Some butcher shops, termed meat delis, may include a delicatessen. In the United States and Canada, butcher shops are becoming common because of the increasing popularity of supermarkets. A primal cut is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering, different countries and cultures make these cuts in different ways, and primal cuts also differ between type of carcass. The British, American and French primal cuts all differ in some respects, a notable example is fatback, which in Europe is an important primal cut of pork, but in North America is regarded as trimmings to be used in sausage or rendered into lard. The primal cuts may be complete or cut further. See also Butcher In various periods and cultures, the butcher has been applied to people who act cruelly to other human beings or slaughter them
20.
Sitcom
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
21.
CMT (U.S. TV channel)
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Its name is an initialism for Country Music Television, which has since been de-emphasized. It was the first nationally available cable channel devoted to country music, programming on the channel originally focused on country music, including music videos, taped concerts and biographies of country music stars. CMTs current programming now consists of original reality programs and scripted series, off-network syndicated shows. As of February 2015, approximately 86,989,000 American households receive CMT, CMTV, an initialism of Country Music Television, was founded by Glenn D. Daniels, the owner of Video World Productions in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Daniels put together the group of Telestar Corporation and the Blinder Robinson & Company investment bank in a three-way split. Daniels also served as the director and the first president of the network. The network launched on March 5,1983, at 6,19 p. m. CT, beating its chief competitor, TNN, the first video clip to air on CMT was Faron Youngs 1971 hit Its Four in the Morning. The following summer, MTV filed an infringement lawsuit over the initials CMTV. In 1991, Opryland USA and its owner Gaylord Entertainment Company acquired CMT in a $34 million deal, the network was sold by a group led by radio station owner Robert Sillerman and record producer James Guercio. Opryland USA and owner Gaylord also owned CMTs competitor The Nashville Network, in October 1992, CMT launched its first international channel, CMT Europe, as part of the Sky Multichannels package. By 1998, Gaylord reported $10 million in losses from CMT Europe, Gaylord had planned to emulate the successful model created by E. by selling large programming blocks to other European channels, but these plans never occurred. All shows eventually were cancelled by 2001, in 1995, CMT dropped all videos by Canadian artists without U. S. record contracts in response to the network being replaced in Canada by Calgary, Alberta-based New Country Network. By March 1996, CMT had eventually returned the dropped videos to its playlist after reaching an agreement to acquire a 20% ownership of New Country Network, in 1997, both CMT and TNN were sold to Westinghouse, then-owner of CBS for a reported $1.5 billion. In 1999, Viacom acquired CBS, assuming ownership of CMT and TNN, Viacom also changed the format of CMT, modeling it after sister networks MTV and VH1 to include series and movies, in addition to music videos. Despite the decrease in music videos, CMT has experienced significant ratings gains since its acquisition by MTV Networks in 1999, by 2007, the channel was available in more than 83 million homes. As of 2009, the network now reaches 88 million homes, on April 4,2012, CMT announced its first cartoon series, Bounty Hunters, featuring the voices of Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy and Bill Engvall who also serve as executive producers. CMT also announced that it would air Trinity 911, a 10-episode workplace docu-comedy that follows the police force in a small Texas town, Trinity 911 was later renamed Big Texas Heat and removed from the schedule after airing four episodes. CMTs current programming consists of entertainment programming, movies and reality shows
22.
CBC Television
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CBC Television is a Canadian English-language broadcast television network that is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the national public broadcaster. The network began operations on September 6,1952 and its French-language counterpart is Ici Radio-Canada Télé. Almost all of the CBCs programming is produced in Canada, on October 9,2006 at 6,00 a. m. the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the morning hours. Its French counterpart, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, still signs off every night, until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, since this change, the CBC has sometimes struggled to maintain ratings comparable to those it achieved before 1995, although it has seen somewhat of a ratings resurgence in recent years. In the 2007-08 season, popular series such as Little Mosque on the Prairie, in 2002, CBC Television and CBC News Network became the first broadcasters in Canada that are required to provide closed captioning for all of their programming. On those networks, only outside commercials need not be captioned, all shows, bumpers, billboards, promos and other internal programming must be captioned. The requirement stems from a human rights complaint filed by deaf lawyer Henry Vlug, the CBCs flagship newscast, The National, airs Sunday through Fridays at 10,00 p. m. EST and Saturdays at 6,00 p. m. EST. This second airing was replaced with other programming, and as of the 2012-13 television season, was replaced on CBCs major market stations by a half-hour late newscast. There is also a news update, at most, on late Saturday evenings. During hockey season, this update is usually found during the first intermission of the game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada. Other newscasts include parts of CBC News Now airing weekday at 6,00 a. m. weekly newsmagazine the fifth estate is also a CBC mainstay, as are documentary series such as Doc Zone. One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games and it has been televised by the network since 1952. During the NHL lockout and subsequent cancellation of the 2004-2005 hockey season, CBC instead aired various recent and classic movies, branded as Movie Night in Canada, on Saturday nights. Other than hockey, CBC Sports properties include Toronto Raptors basketball, Toronto FC Soccer and it was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season. Due to disappointing results and fan outrage over many draws being carried on CBC Country Canada, after the CBC threatened legal action, both sides eventually came to an agreement under which early-round rights reverted to TSN. CBC Sports suffered another blow when it was announced that after the 2007 season, the CFL regular season games
23.
The Glades (TV series)
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The Glades was a crime drama television series, created by Clifton Campbell, that aired on the A&E network for four seasons from July 11,2010, to August 26,2013. The police procedural show starred Matt Passmore as Jim Longworth, a Chicago police detective who becomes a police detective in a Florida Everglades community. He leaves the Chicago Police Department after being shot in the buttocks by his captain and he receives a large settlement from the city of Chicago and settles in Florida for the golf and what he believes will be an easy life. However, Longworth soon discovers that his new hometown is more complex than meets the eye, A&E canceled the series after its season-four finale, effectively ending the series on a cliffhanger. The shows premise involves a Chicago detective taking a South Florida job with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement after being shot by his captain and he assumes it will afford him a more relaxing lifestyle, but he finds things are more complicated than he had imagined. Longworth is surprised at the murder rate in southeastern Florida. His cockiness, annoying self-confidence, dry wit, and self-serving humor rub almost everyone around him the wrong way, nonetheless, he is very intelligent and solves murders, making him a valuable addition to the FDLE. He has strong feelings for Callie, but does not wish to break up her family, at the end of season three, Jim proposes to Callie. Season four shows Callie accepting Jims proposal and leaving a job in Atlanta to return to Palm Glades to be with him, kiele Sanchez, as Callie Cargill, is a 30-something mother who leads a very complicated life. She is amused and annoyed by Longworths pursuit of her, but is intrigued by him and perhaps interested in a relationship. She has mentioned having the desire to leave Ray, but does not want to be that woman who gives her divorce papers while he is in jail. At the beginning of two, Callie has decided to ask Ray for a divorce. In season three, Callie learns that the hospital where she works is downsizing, so she takes a job in Atlanta, when Jim proposes, Callie decides to leave her job in Atlanta and return to Palm Glade to be with Jim. Carlos Gómez, as Dr. Carlos Sanchez, Longworths friend and colleague, is a forensic pathologist who works the crime lab, supervising toxicology screens and he is also a devoted husband and father. Jordan Wall, as Daniel Green, is a nerdy 20-something graduate student at Tampa Tech who gets an internship working for Carlos in the medical examiners office and his expertise of all things science-related comes in handy in surprising ways for Longworth, as he helps him crack cases. Daniel is overzealous in helping Longworth on cases, especially if it means he gets to be involved with other work that he finds cool. Michelle Hurd, as Colleen Manus, is the smart and tough regional director for the FDLE and she reluctantly hired Jim Longworth, and like Carlos, is frequently annoyed by his antics. Because of Longworths track record and rate of closure, she gives him slack, Uriah Shelton, as Jeff Cargill, is Callies smart, teenaged son who struggles to reconcile his parents odd and up-for-grabs marital status
24.
The Good Wife
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The Good Wife is an American legal and political drama television series that aired on CBS from September 22,2009, to May 8,2016. The executive producers are Ridley Scott, Charles McDougall, and David W. Zucker, the Good Wife is a heavily serialized show featuring several story arcs that carry over several episodes, as well as stand-alone procedural storylines that are concluded by the end of each episode. The serial plots have been showcased in its highly praised fifth season. This is a rarity among The Good Wifes broadcaster CBS, as most of its shows are procedural, the Good Wife won numerous prestigious awards, including five Emmys and the 2014 Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Drama. The performances of the shows cast have been recognized, with Julianna Marguliess role as Alicia Florrick receiving significant praise. The show has received wide acclaim for its insight on social media. CBS announced in a promo aired during Super Bowl 50, on February 7,2016, the final episode aired on May 8,2016. The series focuses on Alicia Florrick, whose husband Peter, the former Cook County, Illinois States Attorney, has been jailed following a political corruption. After having spent the previous thirteen years as a stay-at-home mother, the image of a wife standing silently beside her husband as he publicly admitted to his sexual or political misconduct has, according to Robert King, become a sort of cliché. This image led the Kings to question why these women stood by their husbands and they were further intrigued by the fact that many of the wives were lawyers, who had halted their personal careers for the sake of their husbands professional ambitions. The actual idea for the series was first postulated in the following the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal of 2008. As Michelle King, explains, The series was created by Michelle and Robert King, the pair had produced the short-lived legal drama In Justice that aired as a mid-season replacement in early 2006. The creators had worked extensively in feature films. Scott Free productions helped to finance The Good Wife and Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, executive producer Dee Johnson added television writing experience to the team. Charles McDougall directed the episode and was the pilots other executive producer. McDougall had previously enjoyed success as the director of the pilot for Desperate Housewives, All seven executive producers returned when a full series was ordered and they were joined by executive producer Brooke Kennedy. McDougall left the crew after directing and executive producing the second episode, several new producers were added to the crew once CBS ordered a full season. Todd Ellis Kessler, who had completed production on The Unit
25.
Russia
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Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Русская Земля. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians
26.
Second-hand shop
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A second-hand shop is a shop which sells goods that are not new. There are various types of shop, generally specialising in a particular type of merchandise. Antique shop - sells the type of goods, either of better quality or with rarity value. The distinction between junk and antiques is not always clear-cut, Car dealership - New car dealers in certain countries offer pre-owned cars with variable quality and price. There are also dealers who sell only used cars, thrift store - similar to a junk shop but set up to fund a specific charity. These tend to specialise in clothes, the quality of the clothes donated for sale depends on the surrounding area. In the United States, these are called thrift stores, consignment - consignment shop is the North American term for a second-hand shop. Give-away shop - everything is given away at no cost, Some operate as swap shops and require the customer to donate merchandise. Junk shop - sells all kinds of old goods, the best junk shops are piled high to encourage browsing and bargain hunting. These shops also sell low-quality antiques, wrecking yard, scrapyard, wrecking yard - sells used automotive parts Music store - Some music stores sell used, vintage or collectible instruments and sound gear, often using a consignment model. Office furniture shop - sells mainly used goods are common, pawn shop - sells used items that were pawned or sold by individuals Record shop - Many independent record stores sell used CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray discs, vinyl records, etc. Resale boutique - specializes in contemporary high-end used designer fashion, vintage clothing, used bookstore - sells used books and other publications. Second-hand bookshops are a mainstay of book towns, video game store - Most stores that specialize in video games sell second-hand video game consoles, video games, and accessories, in addition to new products. People will sell used goods right in front of their home in what is called a garage sale, the products would be set up in front of the garage. In the UK, people buy and sell at a car boot sale, sellers will drive their vehicles to a large field, laden with products both used and new, and sell out of their boot. Goodwill Industries - Runs Goodwill Stores throughout North America as well as 16 other countries, the Salvation Army - Christian-based thrift store operator that sells second-hand items. Oxfam bookshops - second-hand bookstore in the U. K, value Village - second-hand shops in the U. S. Thredup - Second-hand shopping website. Schoola - Second-hand shopping site that donates money to schools, jumble sale Car boot sale Flea market
27.
Orthodox Judaism
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Orthodox Judaism includes movements such as Modern Orthodox Judaism and Ultra-Orthodox or Haredi Judaism. As of 2001, Orthodox Jews and Jews affiliated with an Orthodox synagogue accounted for approximately 50% of British Jews,26. 5% of Israeli Jews, among those affiliated to a synagogue body, Orthodox Jews represent 70% of British Jewry, and 27% of American Jewry. Orthodoxy is not one single movement or school of thought, there is no single rabbinical body to which all rabbis are expected to belong, or any one organization representing member congregations. In the 20th century, a segment of the Orthodox population disagreed with Modern Orthodoxy, such rabbis viewed innovations and modifications within Jewish law and customs with extreme care and caution. This form of Judaism may be referred to as Haredi Judaism or Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, several local Jewish papers, including New Yorks Jewish Week and Philadelphias Jewish Exponent have also dropped use of the term. According to Rabbi David Bar-Hayim, the term Orthodox Judaism was coined as a response to the rise of Reform Judaism in early 19th century Germany, some researchers attempted to argue that the importance of daily practice and punctilious adherence to Jewish Law relegated theoretical issues to an ancillary status. Others dismissed this view entirely, citing the many debates in ancient rabbinic sources which castigated various heresies without any reference to observance, however, while lacking a uniform doctrine, Orthodox Judaism is basically united in affirming several core beliefs, disavowal of which is considered major blasphemy. As in other aspects, Orthodox positions reflect the mainstream of traditional Rabbinic Judaism through the ages, attempts to codify these were undertaken by several medieval authorities, including Saadia Gaon and Joseph Albo. Yet the 13 Fundamentals expounded by Maimonides in his Commentary on the Mishnah, but in recent centuries the 13 Principles became standard, and are considered binding and cardinal by Orthodox authorities in a virtually universal manner. More specific doctrines refer to the times of Godly salvation and afterlife – in Judaism, Olam haBa and these include belief in divine reward for those who observe the Lords commandments and likewise, punishment meted unto the transgressors. Maimonides reserved one article for this tenet, oft mentioned in sources, stating merely that God rewards. This issue has been subject to debate and interpretation. Nahmanides offered a comprehensive system, with divine remuneration for better or worse both in this world, via natural means, and in a celestial heaven and hell. One of the most important teachings concerning afterlife in Judaism is the Resurrection of the Dead, the Talmud listed deniers of this faith as heretics who shall have no part in the World to Come. Maimoindes specified it apart as a separate article and this particular notion is closely linked with Reward and Punishment. They will live ordinary, corporeal life but will not die, then all mankind shall be resuscitated and be given each his just due. The eternal reward shall be preserved for their soul, as beforehand, preceding the miraculous events linked with afterlife is the Advent of the Messiah, also independently listed among Maimonides Thirteen as a tenet of faith. Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity, a Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition
28.
Kansas City, Kansas
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Kansas City is the third-largest city in the state of Kansas, the county seat of Wyandotte County, and the third-largest city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is part of a consolidated city-county government known as the Unified Government, Wyandotte County also includes the independent cities of Bonner Springs and Edwardsville. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 145,786 residents and it is situated at Kaw Point, which is the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers. In October 1872, old Kansas City, Kansas, was incorporated, the first city election was held on October 22 of that year, by order of Judge Hiram Stevens of the Tenth Judicial District, and resulted in the election of Mayor James Boyle. The mayors of the city after its organization were James Boyle, C. A. Eidemiller, A. S. Orbison, Eli Teed, in June 1880, the Governor of Kansas proclaimed the city of Kansas City a city of the second class with Mayor McConnell present. In March 1886, new Kansas City, Kansas, was formed through the consolidation of five municipalities, old Kansas City, Armstrong, Armourdale, Riverview, the oldest city of the group was Wyandotte, which was formed in 1857 by Wyandot Native Americans and Methodist missionaries. In the 1890s, the city saw a growth in population as a streetcar suburb of Kansas City, Missouri, from which it takes its name. It was one of the nations 100 largest cities for many U. S. Census counts, from 1890 to 1960, including 1920, when it had a population of over 100,000 residents for the first time. As with adjacent Kansas City, Missouri, the percentage of the citys most populous ethnic group, in 1997, voters approved a proposition to unify the city and county governments creating the Unified Government of Wyandotte County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 128.38 square miles. Neighborhoods of Kansas City, Kansas, include the following, Downtown Argentine − former home to the silver smelter for which it was named, Armourdale − formerly a city, it was consolidated with the city of Kansas City in 1886. Armstrong − a town absorbed by Wyandotte, bethel − a neighborhood located generally along Leavenworth Rd. between 72nd and 77th Streets. It was never incorporated as a municipality, Fairfax District − an industrial area along the Missouri River. Nearman Piper Pomeroy − a late-19th—early-20th-century Train Depot, Trading Post, Saw Mill, Riverview Rosedale − merged with Kansas City in 1922. Stony Point Strawberry Hill Turner − community around the Wyandotte-Johnson County border to the Kansas River north-south, unless otherwise stated, normal figures below are based on data from 1981 to 2010 at Downtown Airport. The warmest month of the year is July, with a 24-hour average temperature of 81.0 °F, the summer months are hot, but can get very hot and moderately humid, with moist air riding up from the Gulf of Mexico. High temperatures surpass 100 °F on 5.6 days of the year, the coldest month of the year is January, with an average temperature of 31.0 °F. Winters are cold, with 22 days where the high is at or below the mark and 2.5 nights with a low at or below 0 °F
29.
General Motors
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With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008,8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands, current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, Vauxhall, the company was founded by William C. Durant on September 16,1908 as a holding company. The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007, in addition to brands selling assembled vehicles, GM also has had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands, many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s. General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under twelve brands, Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Holden, HSV, Opel, Vauxhall, Wuling, Baojun, Jie Fang, and Ravon. The current company, General Motors Company LLC, was formed in 2009 following the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation, the new company purchased the majority of the assets of the old GM, including the brand General Motors. In addition to its twelve brands, General Motors also holds a 20% stake in IMM, General Motors employs 212,000 people and does business in more than 140 countries. General Motors is divided into five segments, GM North America, Opel Group, GM International Operations, GM South America. General Motors led global vehicle sales for 77 consecutive years from 1931 through 2007, longer any other automaker. General Motors acts in most countries outside the U. S. via wholly owned subsidiaries, GMs OnStar subsidiary provides vehicle safety, security and information services. In 2009, General Motors shed several brands, closing Saturn, Pontiac, and Hummer, in 2010, the reorganized GM made an initial public offering that was one of the worlds top five largest IPOs to date, and returned to profitability later that year. General Motors Corporation was formed on September 16,1908, in Flint, Michigan, GMs co-founder was Charles Stewart Mott, whose carriage company was merged into Buick prior to GMs creation. Over the years, Mott became the largest single stockholder in GM, and spent his life with his Mott Foundation, GM acquired Oldsmobile later that year. In 1909, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland, also in 1909, GM acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant, along with R. S. McLaughlin, lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers trust, because of the amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions. The next year, Durant started the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in the U. S. and in Canada in 1915, Durant took back control of the company after one of the most dramatic proxy wars in American business history. Durant then reorganized General Motors Company into General Motors Corporation in 1916, merging Chevrolet with GM, shortly thereafter, he again lost control, this time for good, after the new vehicle market collapsed. These facilities were added to the factories that were exclusive to Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Oakland
30.
Signal Corps (United States Army)
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The United States Army Signal Corps develops, tests, provides, and manages communications and information systems support for the command and control of combined arms forces. It was established in 1860, the brainchild of United States Army Major Albert J. Myer, support for the command and control of combined arms forces. Signal support includes Network Operations and management of the electromagnetic spectrum, while serving as a medical officer in Texas in 1856, Albert James Myer proposed that the Army use his visual communications system, called aerial telegraphy. When the Army adopted his system on 21 June 1860, the Signal Corps was born with Myer as the first, Major Myer first used his visual signaling system on active service in New Mexico during the early 1860s Navajo expedition. For nearly three years, Myer was forced to rely on detailed personnel, although he envisioned a separate, myers vision came true on 3 March 1863, when Congress authorized a regular Signal Corps for the duration of the war. Some 2,900 officers and enlisted men served, although not at any single time, even in the Civil War, the wigwag system, restricted to line-of-sight communications, was waning in the face of the electric telegraph. Initially, Myer used his office downtown in Washington, D. C. to house the Signal Corps School, when it was found to need additional space, he sought out other locations. First came Fort Greble, one of the Defenses of Washington during the Civil War, the size and location were outstanding. The school remained there for over 20 years and ultimately was renamed Fort Myer, Signal Corps detachments participated in campaigns fighting Native Americans in the west, such as the Powder River Expedition of 1865. The electric telegraph, in addition to signaling, became a Signal Corps responsibility in 1867. Within 12 years, the Corps had constructed, and was maintaining and operating, in 1870, the Signal Corps established a congressionally mandated national weather service. Within a decade, with the assistance of Lieutenant Adolphus Greely, Myer died in 1880, having attained the rank of brigadier general and the title of Chief Signal Officer. The weather bureau became part of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1891, the Signal Corps role in the Spanish–American War of 1898 and the subsequent Philippine Insurrection was on a grander scale than it had been in the Civil War. In 1908, on Fort Myer, Virginia, the Wright brothers made test flights of the Armys first airplane built to Signal Corps specifications, reflecting the need for an official pilot rating, War Department Bulletin No. 2, released on 24 February 1911, established a Military Aviator rating, Army aviation remained within the Signal Corps until 1918, when it became the Army Air Service. The Signal Corps lost no time in meeting the challenges of World War I, Chief Signal Officer George Owen Squier worked closely with private industry to perfect radio tubes while creating a major signal laboratory at Camp Alfred Vail. Early radiotelephones developed by the Signal Corps were introduced into the European theater in 1918, while the new American voice radios were superior to the radiotelegraph sets, telephone and telegraph remained the major technology of World War I. A pioneer in radar, Colonel William Blair, director of the Signal Corps laboratories at Fort Monmouth, even before the United States entered World War II, mass production of two radar sets, the SCR-268 and the SCR-270, had begun
31.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
32.
Compass Players
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The Compass Players was an improvisational cabaret revue active from 1955 to 1958 in Chicago and St. Louis. Several members went on to form The Second City Theater in 1959, founded by David Shepherd, the original idea was to produce a new play derived through improvisation from outlines or scenarios written by members of the ensemble. Shepherd turned to director Paul Sills to head this venture based on his working with Sills on an earlier Chicago theater effort. Initially, scenes were presented only once, but some of the players grew interested in polishing material into finished pieces, Mike Nichols and Elaine May created many of their signature scenes in this manner. Shelley Berman found that he could create solo routines by showing one half of telephone conversations, the Compass moved from its Hyde Park home to two subsequent places that were more nightclubs than theaters, and the tone of the material changed to accommodate the new audiences. When the company ended, some joined an Compass troupe at the Crystal Palace in St. Louis under the supervision of Theodore J. Flicker. It was here that company members Mike Nichols, Elaine May, Del Close, Close spent the rest of his life developing, refining, and experimenting with these principles. Shortly afterward, Nichols and May went to New York and swiftly became stars performing material largely derived from their Compass days, Berman, too, soon became a star with his phone calls. In Chicago, Paul Sills had a hunch that a more disciplined version of the Compass might succeed. The successor troupe, The Second City, debuted in 1959, several of that troupes members were recruited from Compass alumni. Improvisational theatre List of improvisational theatre companies Coleman, Janet, the Compass, The Improvisational Theatre that Revolutionized American Comedy. Something Wonderful Right Away, An Oral History of the Second City and The Compass Players
33.
The Second City
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The Second City is an improvisational comedy enterprise, best known as the first ever on-going improvisational theater troupe based in Chicago. It also has programs that run out of Toronto and Los Angeles, the Second City Theatre opened on December 16,1959 and has since become one of the most influential and prolific comedy theatres in the world. The Second City has produced programs in both the United States and Canada including SCTV, Second City Presents, and Next Comedy Legend. The Second City chose its name from the title of an article about Chicago by A. J. Liebling that appeared in The New Yorker in 1952. In 1959, the first Second City revue show premiered at 1842 North Wells Street, the cabaret theater, comedy style of the Second City tended towards satire and commentary of current social norms and political figures and events. In 1961, the theater sent a cast to Broadway with the revue, From the Second City, directed by Sills. Eventually, the theater expanded to include three touring companies and a resident company, and now fosters a company devoted to outreach. The style of comedy has changed with time, but the format has remained constant, a number of well-known performers began careers as part of the historic troupe and later moved to television and film. In 1973, Second City opened a theater in Toronto, theater became the second resident stage in Old Town, Chicago location, handling overflow crowds and increasing the number of resident company members. Co-founder Bernard Sahlins owned the company until 1985, before selling it to Andrew Alexander. Along with its theaters, training centers, and television shows, Second City also produces improv, Second City Television, or SCTV, was a Canadian television sketch comedy show offshoot from the Toronto troupe of the Second City and ran from 1976 to 1984. The basic premise of SCTV was modeled on a station in the fictional city of Melonville. Edith Prickley, Catherine OHaras washed-up, alcoholic, narcissist former leading-lady Lola Heatherton, martin Short originated his dorky Ed Grimley character here, which he later brought to Saturday Night Live. Andrew Alexander took the reins of Second City Toronto in 1974 and formed a partnership with Len Stuart in 1976 and its first television production was SCTV. Alexander co-developed and executive produced over 185 half-hour shows for the comedy series. In 1985, Alexander and Stuart became owners of Chicagos Second City and he has produced or executive produced over 200 Second City revues in Canada and the United States. Most recently, Alexander has expanded The Second City TV & Film Division with offices in Los Angeles and he serves on the Columbia College Board of Trustees, is Chair of the Gildas Club Honorary Board, and is also an Honorary Member of the Chicago Gildas Club Board. As of 2014, the Second City has been awarded thirty-seven Equity Joseph Jefferson Awards, which have recognized them for Best Revue five times, the first being Paradigm Lost
34.
The Threepenny Opera
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The work offers a Socialist critique of the capitalist world. It opened on 31 August 1928 at Berlins Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, songs from The Threepenny Opera have been widely covered and become standards, most notably Die Moritat von Mackie Messer and Seeräuberjenny. Brecht was first motivated to prepare a version of The Beggars Opera by the revival of the original by Nigel Playfair in London in 1920. He offered the idea to the impresario Ernst Josef Aufricht who was seeking a production to launch his new company at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in Berlin. The score by Weill uses only one of the melodies which Johann Pepusch wrote for the original Beggars Opera. Weill claimed at the time that music cannot further the action of the play or create its background, Weills score shows influence of jazz and German dance-music of the time. The orchestration involves a small ensemble with a deal of doubling-up on instruments. The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher, despite an initially poor reception, it became a great success, playing 400 times in the next two years. The performance was a springboard for one of the best known interpreters of Brecht and Weills work, Lotte Lenya, who was married to Weill. By 1933, when Weill and Brecht were forced to leave Germany by the Nazi seizure of power, in between, on 8 February 1935 Edward Clark conducted the first British broadcast of the work. It received scathing reviews from Ernest Newman and other critics, but the most savage criticism came from Weill himself, who described it privately as. The worst performance imaginable … the whole thing was completely misunderstood, but his criticisms seem to have been for the concept of the piece as a Germanised version of The Beggars Opera, rather than for Clarks conducting of it, of which Weill made no mention. America was introduced to the work by the version of G. W. Pabst. The first American production, adapted into English by Gifford Cochran and Jerrold Krimsky and staged by Francesco Von Mendelssohn and it opened on Broadway at the Empire Theatre, on April 13,1933, and closed after 12 performances. Mixed reviews praised the music but slammed the production, with the critic Gilbert Gabriel calling it a dreary enigma, a French version produced by Gaston Baty and written by Ninon Steinhof and André Mauprey was presented in October 1930 at the Théâtre Montparnasse in Paris. It was rendered as LOpéra de quatsous, in 1930 the work was premiered in Moscow at the Kamerny Theatre, directed by Alexander Tairov. It was the one of Brechts works to be performed in Russia during his lifetime. Izvestia disapproved, It is high time that our theatres ceased playing homage to petit-bourgeois bad taste, the first Italian production, titled LOpera da tre soldi and directed by Giorgio Strehler, premiered at the Piccolo Teatro in Milan on 27 February 1956 in the presence of Bertolt Brecht
35.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
36.
Jack Lemmon
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John Uhler Jack Lemmon III was an American actor and musician. Lemmon was an eight time Academy Award nominee, with two wins, Lemmon was born on February 8,1925, in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He was the child of Mildred Burgess LaRue and John Uhler Lemmon. His paternal grandmother was from an Irish immigrant family, Lemmon attended John Ward Elementary School in Newton and the Rivers School in Weston, Massachusetts. During his acceptance of his lifetime achievement award, he stated that he knew he wanted to be an actor from the age of eight, after graduation in 1947, Lemmon took up acting professionally, working on radio, television and Broadway. He studied acting under coach Uta Hagen and he was enamored of the piano and learned to play it on his own. He could also play the harmonica, guitar, organ, and he was close friends with actors Tony Curtis, Ernie Kovacs, Walter Matthau and Kevin Spacey. He made two films with Curtis, and eleven with Matthau, early in Lemmons career he met comedian Ernie Kovacs while co-starring with him in Operation Mad Ball. Lemmon and Kovacs became close friends and appeared together in two subsequent films, Bell, Book and Candle and It Happened to Jane, in 1977, PBS broadcast a compilation series of Kovacs television work, and Lemmon served as the narrator of the series. Lemmon discussed his friendship with Kovacs in the documentary Ernie Kovacs and he was a favorite of director Billy Wilder, starring in the films Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, Irma la Douce, The Fortune Cookie, Avanti. The Front Page, and Buddy Buddy, the biography quotes Lemmon as saying, I am particularly susceptible to the parts I play. If my character was having a breakdown, I started to have one. Bell, Book and Candle and It Happened to Jane and How to Murder Your Wife, quine also directed Lemmons screen test when the actor was signed by Columbia. Lemmons singing voice was first heard on two film soundtracks in 1955, Three for the Show with Betty Grable and My Sister Eileen and he also performed songs in the 1956 film You Cant Run Away from It with Stubby Kaye and June Allyson. His first solo album A Twist of Lemmon was released in 1958 on Epic Records, while filming Some Like It Hot with Marilyn Monroe in 1959, Lemmon released a second album, Some Like It Hot. Both featured Lemmons singing and piano solos, the two Epic albums were later released as A Twist of Lemmon/Some Like It Hot, a single cd on Collectors Choice Music, in 2001. Two singles, Daphne/Sleepy Lagoon and Im Forever Blowing Bubbles/I Cover the Waterfront did not appear on either album, Epic released a third single in 1960, Lemmons piano solo of the theme to the film The Apartment, backed with his own composition Lemmon Blues. In 1963, Lemmon released an album, this time on Capitol Records
37.
Westinghouse Studio One
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Studio One is an American radio–television anthology drama series, created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle, who came to CBS from the CBC. On April 29,1947, Markle launched the 60-minute CBS radio series with an adaptation of Malcolm Lowrys Under the Volcano, broadcast on Tuesdays, opposite Fibber McGee and Molly and The Bob Hope Show at 9,30 P. M. EST, the series continued until July 27,1948, showcasing such adaptations as Dodsworth, Pride and Prejudice, The Red Badge of Courage and Ah. Top performers were heard on series, including John Garfield, Walter Huston, Mercedes McCambridge, Burgess Meredith. In 1948, Markle made a leap from radio to television and it was telecast in black-and-white only. Offering a wide range of dramas, Studio One received Emmy nominations every year from 1950 to 1958, the series staged some notable and memorable teleplays among its 467 episodes. Some created such an impact they were adapted into theatrical films, william Templetons 1953 adaptation of George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, starring Eddie Albert as Winston Smith, led to the 1956 feature film version with Edmond OBrien in the principal role. Sal Mineo had the role in the January 2,1956 episode of Reginald Roses Dino. In 1954, Crime at Blossoms, scripted by Jerome Ross, was given an Edgar Award for Best Episode in a TV Series, nathaniel Hawthornes granddaughter received a plaque in recognition of her grandfathers writing achievements, during the April 3,1950 telecast of The Scarlet Letter. The Night America Trembled was Studio Ones September 9,1957 top-rated television recreation of Orson Welles October 30,1938 radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds. The cast included Alexander Scourby, Ed Asner, and Vincent Gardenia, James Coburn, Warren Beatty, John Astin appeared uncredited as a reporter. With musical accompaniment by the Robert Shaw Chorale, and presented during the Christmas season of 1952, the cast included Thomas Hardie Chalmers, Miriam Wolfe, Hurd Hatfield, and Paul Tripp. Worthington Miner, Martin Manulis and others produced, as spokeswoman for Westinghouse, Betty Furness became strongly identified with Westinghouse products, and she also was seen in eight Studio One dramas. The shows musical directors were Milton C, anderson, who also created music for Playhouse 90, and Eugene Cines. The shows run ended when Westinghouse switched its sponsorship to the Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse, the series finished at #24 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1950-1951 season. For years, the half of the original TV production of Twelve Angry Men was considered lost. Consentino was researching a History Channel documentary about Leibowitz, and the discovery was announced by the Museum of Television & Radio. Utilizing clips of the show for flashbacks, the Boston Legal episode portrayed Shatners Studio One character as a young Denny Crane trying his first case alongside his father
38.
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)
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The Outer Limits is an American television series that aired on ABC from 1963 to 1965 at 7,30 PM Eastern Time on Mondays. The series is compared to The Twilight Zone, but with a greater emphasis on science fiction stories. The Outer Limits is an anthology of self-contained episodes, sometimes with a plot twist at the end, the series was revived in 1995, airing on Showtime from 1995 to 2000, then on Sci-Fi Channel from 2001 until its cancellation in 2002. In 1997, the episode The Zanti Misfits was ranked #98 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time, each show would begin with either a cold open or a preview clip, followed by a Control Voice narration that was mainly run over visuals of an oscilloscope. Until next week at the time, when the control voice will take you to – The Outer Limits. Later episodes used one of two shortened versions of the introduction, the first few episodes began simply with the title screen followed by the narration and no cold open or preview clip. The Control Voice was performed by actor Vic Perrin, the Outer Limits was originally broadcast on the American television network ABC. In total,49 episodes were produced and it was one of many series influenced by The Twilight Zone and Science Fiction Theatre, though it ultimately proved influential in its own right. In the un-aired pilot, the series was called Please Stand By, Series creator Leslie Stevens retitled it The Outer Limits. With a few changes, the pilot aired as the premiere episode, Writers for The Outer Limits included creator Stevens and Joseph Stefano, who was the Season 1 producer and creative guiding force. Stefano wrote more episodes of the show any other writer. Future Oscar-winning screenwriter Robert Towne wrote The Chameleon, which was the episode filmed for Season 1. Two especially notable Season 2 episodes Demon with a Glass Hand and Soldier were written by Harlan Ellison, the former was for several years the only episode of The Outer Limits available on laser-disc. Season 1 combined science-fiction and horror, while Season 2 was more focused on science fiction stories. Each show in Season 1 was to have a monster or creature as a part of the story line. Season 1 writer and producer Joseph Stefano believed that element was necessary to provide fear, suspense. This kind of story element became known as the bear and this device was, however, mostly dropped in Season 2 when Stefano left. In other parts of the United States, the Thetan footage was tape-delayed until after the 11 oclock evening news, in still others, it was not shown at all
39.
Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (TV series)
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Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea is a 1960s American science fiction television series based on the 1961 film of the same name. Both were created by Irwin Allen, which enabled the movies sets, costumes, props, special effects models, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was the first of Irwin Allens four science fiction television series, as well as the longest-running. The shows main theme was underwater adventure, Voyage was broadcast on ABC from September 14,1964, to March 31,1968, and was the decades longest-running American science fiction television series with continuing characters. The 110 episodes produced included 32 shot in black-and-white, and 78 filmed in color, the first two seasons took place in the then future of the 1970s. The final two took place in the 1980s. The show starred Richard Basehart and David Hedison, the pilot episode Eleven Days to Zero was filmed in color but shown in black-and-white. It introduces the audience to the nuclear submarine S. S. R. N. The season also had several ocean peril stories in which the Seaview crew spent the episode dealing with the perils of the sea. Two examples are Submarine Sunk Here and The Ghost of Moby Dick, the season introduced the diving bell and a mini-submarine, as well as the first alien story and the first sea monsters. The season ended with the Seaview crew fighting a government to save a defense weapon. In the first season, the gritty, atmospheric, and intense series featured story lines devoted to Cold War themes, many episodes involved espionage and sci-fi elements. While aliens and sea monsters, not to mention dinosaurs, did become the subject of episodes, while fantastic, the scripts had a semblance of reality. S. The second season began with a trip inside a whale, a trip inside a volcano, and a few Cold War intrigue and nuclear war-themed episodes, the season ended with a ghost story, one of the shows few sequels. The second season saw a change from black-and-white to color. The beginning of the season saw the permanent replacement of Chief Curly Jones with Chief Francis Ethelbert Sharkey, due to the death of Henry Kulky. It could leave the ocean and function as an airplane, the Flying Sub was referred to by the initials FS-1. The futuristic craft greatly increased the Seaview crews travel options, the Flying Sub was launched from a bay with automatic doors added in the lower part of the bow section of Seaview that was apparently built between Seasons One and Two. The Seaviews private observation deck from the first season was never seen again, the ships eight smaller observation windows became four large windows giving the sub a sleeker, more futuristic look
40.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
41.
Kid Galahad
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Kid Galahad is a 1962 American musical film starring Elvis Presley as a boxer. It was released by United Artists, the film opened at #9 at the box office when released in the United States in August 1962. Variety ranked it #37 on the list of the films of 1962. Kid Galahad was shot on location in Idyllwild, California and its supporting cast included Gig Young, Lola Albright and Charles Bronson. Some critics rate it as one of Elvis Presleys best performances, the film is a remake of the 1937 original version starring Edward G. Robinson, Bette Davis, and Humphrey Bogart and directed by Michael Curtiz, who also directed the Presley 1958 film King Creole. Willy Grogan is a boxing promoter based in the Catskills resort region of Cream Valley. He owns the Grogans Gaelic Gardens inn and he is a contemptible man and is in debt and pays little attention to the woman who loves him, Dolly, a chain-smoking, love-starved woman residing at the camp. Into their midst comes Walter Gulick, a man recently discharged from the Army who loves the peaceful setting almost as much as he loves working on old cars. Walters simple goal is to go into business as a mechanic at a nearby garage, Willys younger sister, Rose, shows up unexpectedly. She and Walter immediately hit it off, the obsessively protective Willy doesnt want his kid sister falling for some grease monkey mechanic and two-bit boxer. Dolly is envious of the couples romance and resents Willys interference. One day, Walter, in need of work, accepts an offer of five dollars to be a sparring partner, Willy is persuaded to let this Galahad take a shot in a legitimate ring. Both men are reluctant, but each has a need for the money, Walter begins working out under the watchful eye of Willys top trainer, Lew. After several successes in the ring, Walter is readied for his biggest fight, gangsters want him to take a dive so that Willy can pay off his debts to them, but Galahad throws his muscle behind Willy and emerges victorious. He wins the big fight against Ramon Sugar Boy Romero as well as Willys approval, retiring undefeated to his vintage car, reigning welterweight champion Orlando De La Fuente also appeared as Ramon Sugar Boy Romero. Shooting began in early November 1961 in Hidden Lodge, Idyllwild, California, list of American films of 1962 Elvis Presley on film and television Elvis Presley discography Behind the Scenes look at Kid Galahad at Elvis Presley News
42.
Mary Tyler Moore
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She was later active in charity work and various political causes, particularly the issues of animal rights and diabetes. She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes early in the run of The Mary Tyler Moore Show and she also suffered from alcoholism, which she wrote about in her first of two memoirs. In May 2011, Moore underwent elective surgery to remove a benign meningioma. She died from cardiopulmonary arrest due to pneumonia at the age of 80 on January 25,2017, Moore was born in Brooklyn, New York, to George Tyler Moore, a clerk, and his wife Marjorie Hackett. Moore was the oldest of three children, Moores family lived on Ocean Parkway in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn. Her paternal great-grandfather, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, owned the house which is now the Stonewall Jacksons Headquarters Museum in Winchester, when she was eight years old, Moores family moved to Los Angeles at the recommendation of Moores uncle, an MCA employee. She was raised Catholic, and attended St. Rose of Lima Parochial School in Brooklyn until the third grade and she then attended Saint Ambrose School in Los Angeles, followed by Immaculate Heart High School in Los Feliz, California. Moores sister, Elizabeth, died at age 21 from a combination of. painkillers, Moore decided at age 17 that she wanted to be a dancer. Her television career began with Moores first job as Happy Hotpoint, after appearing in 39 Hotpoint commercials in five days, she received approximately $6,000. She became pregnant while working as Happy and Hotpoint ended her work when it was too difficult to conceal her pregnancy with the elf costume. Moore modeled anonymously on the covers of a number of albums and auditioned for the role of the older daughter of Danny Thomas for his long-running TV show. Much later, Thomas explained that she missed it by a nose, no daughter of mine could ever have a nose that small. Moores first regular role was as a mysterious and glamorous telephone receptionist on Richard Diamond. On the show, Moores voice was heard, but only her legs appeared on camera, about this time, she guest-starred on John Cassavetess NBC detective series Johnny Staccato. She also guest-starred in Bachelor Father in the episode titled Bentley, the show was produced by Danny Thomass company, and Thomas himself recommended her. He remembered Moore as the girl with three names whom he had turned down earlier, Moores energetic comic performances as Van Dykes characters wife, begun at age 24, made both the actress and her signature tight capri pants extremely popular, and she became internationally known. When she won her first Emmy Award for her portrayal of Laura Petrie, she said, the Mary Tyler Moore Show is a half-hour newsroom sitcom featuring Ed Asner as her gruff boss Lou Grant. The premise of the working womans life, alternating during the program between work and home, became a television staple
