1.
Electronic music
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In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for instruments were composed. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds, Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers for the purpose of composing music, algorithmic composition was first demonstrated in Australia in 1951. In America and Europe, live electronics were pioneered in the early 1960s, during the 1970s to early 1980s, the monophonic Minimoog became once the most widely used synthesizer at that time in both popular and electronic art music. In the 1980s, electronic music became dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines. Electronically produced music became prevalent in the domain by the 1990s. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments and these initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments, while some were considered novelties and produced simple tones, the Telharmonium accurately synthesized the sound of orchestral instruments. It achieved viable public interest and made progress into streaming music through telephone networks. Critics of musical conventions at the time saw promise in these developments, ferruccio Busoni encouraged the composition of microtonal music allowed for by electronic instruments. He predicted the use of machines in future music, writing the influential Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, futurists such as Francesco Balilla Pratella and Luigi Russolo began composing music with acoustic noise to evoke the sound of machinery. They predicted expansions in timbre allowed for by electronics in the influential manifesto The Art of Noises, developments of the vacuum tube led to electronic instruments that were smaller, amplified, and more practical for performance. In particular, the theremin, ondes Martenot and trautonium were commercially produced by the early 1930s, from the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as Joseph Schillinger to adopt them
2.
House music
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House music is a genre of electronic music created by club DJs and music producers in Chicago in the early 1980s. Early house music was characterized by repetitive 4/4 beats, rhythms mainly provided by drum machines, off-beat hi-hat cymbals. While house displayed several characteristics similar to music, it was more electronic and minimalistic. House music became popular in Chicago clubs in 1984 and it was pioneered by figures such as Frankie Knuckles, Phuture, Kym Mazelle, and Mr. Fingers, and was associated with African-American and gay subcultures. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, Baltimore, in the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop, in the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. House music has also fused with other genres creating fusion subgenres, such as euro house, tech house, electro house. After enjoying significant success in the early to mid-90s, house music grew even larger during the wave of progressive house. The genre has remained popular and fused into other subgenres, for example, ghetto house, deep house. As of 2016, house music popular in both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene while retaining a foothold on underground scenes across the globe. The song structure of music songs typically involves an intro, a chorus, various verse sections, a midsection. Some songs do not have a verse, taking a part from the chorus. The drum beat is one of the important elements within the genre and is almost always provided by an electronic drum machine rather than by a human drummer playing drumkit. The drum beats of house are four on the floor, with bass drums played on every beat, House music is often based on bass-heavy loops or basslines produced by a synthesizer and/or from samples of disco or funk songs. The tempo of most house songs is between 118 and 135 beats per minute, soul music and disco influenced house music. These artists produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangements of existing disco recordings, early house producers such as Frankie Knuckles created similar compositions from scratch, using samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines. Rachel Cain, co-founder of an influential Trax Records, was involved in the burgeoning punk scene and cites industrial
3.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
4.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
5.
MTV Europe Music Award
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The MTV Europe Music Awards is an event presented by MTV Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. Since 2007, the winners are chosen by the viewers and fans by visiting the EMAs website, the first EMAs ceremony was held in 1994 in Berlin, Germany. Though it was conceived as an alternative to the MTV Video Music Awards. The MTV Europe Music Awards are held every year in a different country and it has been hosted mostly in the United Kingdom. Since 2011 other worldwide/regional nominations have been added, the awards are presented annually and broadcast live on MTV Europe, MTV Live HD and most of the international MTV channels as well as online. 1994, The first MTV Europe Music Awards in 1994 were held on 24 November, George Michael performed Jesus To A Child and Freedom surrounded by many famous models including Naomi Campbell and Bono received the Free Your Mind Award on behalf of Amnesty International. 1995, French nuclear testing in the South Pacific got the most attention at the 1995 ceremony, during his acceptance speech after winning the award for Best Rock, Bon Jovi lead singer Jon Bon Jovi said, The only enemy is ignorance. Lets get rid of all nuclear testing. And U2s Bono said, What a city, what a night, what a crowd, what a bomb, what a mistake, stop abusing the earth, urged Madonna in a videotaped segment before designer agnès b. picked up the award for Greenpeace. 1996, During their performance Metallica performed the songs Last Caress, instead of performing their single King Nothing as scheduled. The song So What. is known for its amount of expletives and references to bestiality among many other controversial lyrics while Last Caress has lyrics pertaining to murder, as a result of their performance Metallicas performance and references to Metallica have been removed from future broadcasts of the ceremony. 1997, U2 opened the show performing Mofo dressed in boxing gowns,1998, On this year 6 new categories were introduced including the MTV Selects, UK and Ireland, Northern, Central and Southern. Faithless opened the show with God is a DJ and Madonna performed The Power of Goodbye, the big winners of the night were the Spice Girls and Madonna with two awards. Mel C, alias Sporty Spice, and Emma Bunton, known as Baby Spice, on receiving the award, Mel C shouted, Weve done it again. And a big hello from the two, she added, referring to Mel B and Victoria Adams, both of whom were pregnant and did not attend the ceremony at the Fila Forum in Milan. The Prodigy won the Best Dance award but according to their frontman, Liam Howlett, the Free Your Mind award, given to organisations helping with human rights, was given to Serbian radio station Radio B92 in Belgrade. 1999, Britney Spears was the big winner of the winning four awards. She also performed during the ceremony, entertaining the crowd with a medley of her hits. Baby One More Time, the other multiple winner was Boyzone, who nabbed two awards, for Best UK & Ireland Act and Best Album
6.
Justice (band)
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Not to be confused with the American hip hop emcee Just-Ice. Justice is a French electronic music duo consisting of Gaspard Augé, the duo is the most successful group on Ed Banger Records and is managed by the labels head, Pedro Winter. Justice is known for incorporating a strong rock and indie influence into its music, the bands debut album † was released in June 2007 to critical acclaim. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album and came in at number 15 on Pitchforks Top 50 Albums of 2007. It was nominated for the 2007 Shortlist Prize, losing out to The Reminder by Feist, the bands remix of the MGMT song Electric Feel won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical in 2009. In September 2009, it was announced that Justice would be moving to WMG/Atlantics newly relaunched Elektra Records label, the band reportedly started to work on its second album in mid-2010. The first single entitled Civilization was released on 28 March 2011, the band released its second album, Audio, Video, Disco, on 24 October 2011. This was followed by the album on 7 May 2013. Justice announced their album, Woman, through their Facebook page. Justice first produced tracks together for Musclorvisions Hits Up to You, the compilation included two of their songs, and a track by Augés alter-ego Microloisir. Justice first came to prominence through its 2003 remix of Simians track Never Be Alone, the remix resulted in the group being signed to Ed Banger and became a hit in clubs and on the Internet. The track was re-released in 2006 with additional remixes, the duos prolific remix work continued, as it turned in mixes for Franz Ferdinand, Mystery Jets, Soulwax, and Mr. Oizo. Justice won the award for Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2006 for Justice vs. Simian – We Are Your Friends. Augé and de Rosnay were not present at the ceremony, Justices debut album, titled †, was released on Ed Banger Records on 11 June 2007. The album was released in the United States on Downtown/Ed Banger, the album was preceded by the D. A. N. C. E. EP, released on 28 May 2007, which featured the tracks Phantom, D. A. N. C. E. was nominated for Video of the Year at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards. On 1 November, Justice received the Video Star award at the European Music Awards in Munich and was named the Best French Act of the Year, Justice was chosen to do a mix for the Fabriclive series in 2008, but Fabric rejected it. De Rosnay said that, hey werent ready for something like this, now titled Justice Xmas Mix, the mix is available on the Internet
7.
Uffie
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She has been described as a muse for French DJs, and is known for working with her labelmates and friends, such as Feadz, Mr. Oizo, and SebastiAn, as well as producer Mirwais. She was briefly married to French graffiti artist André Saraiva between 2008 and 2009, Uffies music incorporates synthpop, acid house, alternative dance, and somewhere between electro, rap and nu skool. She is perhaps best known for her single Pop the Glock, as well as Tthhee Ppaarrttyy, some of her live performances have been described as Warholian. Also in 2010, Uffie launched a 12-piece capsule collection with clothing brand Diesel, Uffie was born Anna-Catherine Hartley in Miami, Florida, to a Japanese mother and a British father. She moved to Hong Kong with her family at the age of four, according to Hartley, Uffie is a nickname her father gave her, and comes from the French word œuf, which means egg. She recalls, hen I was little it started as Enough and my parents were always saying Enough. Then my dad figured, Hey, enough is un œuf, is a petite œuf So by the time my memory begins they were all calling me Uffie, Uffie studied fashion in Paris and attended the International School of Paris. In 2005 Uffie booked DJ Feadz for a party she was organizing, Feadz constantly pressured Uffie to provide vocals for some of his tracks and finally in late 2005 Uffie wrote Pop the Glock while on holiday and released it as a Myspace demo. Record label Arcade Mode gave the song a limited release in January 2006 with the B-side Ready to Uff which Feadzs labelmate Mr. Oizo produced. The couple divorced in the summer of 2009, before the birth of their daughter Henrietta in October 2009. She took a hiatus from work, which gave her time to find herself and mature as an artist and finish her full-length debut album, Sex Dreams. By 2013 she had retired from music, later that year she wrote and recorded Pop the Glock, which was produced by Feadz and began to shop the demo around to various record labels. Pop the Glock became her first single and was given a limited release on Arcade Mode in January 2006. Busy P, the owner of Ed Banger Records, heard the single, Pop the Glock and its B-side Ready to Uff were both given an official release titled Pop the Glock/Ready to Uff on February 27,2006 through Ed Banger Records. Both songs contained elements of electro and rap, the release also featured a remix by SebastiAn. In February 2007, the song Dismissed was included on Ed Rec Vol.2, two more new tracks from Uffie, Hot Chick and In Charge, leaked to blogs before being released as a double A-side in November 2006. The EP Suited and Looted was released in June 2007 by Ed Banger Records, containing the single F1rst Love and Brand New Car. Canadian electronic duo Crystal Castles featured vocals sampled from Uffie on the track Make It Hott, although it was never officially released, also in 2007, Uffie collaborated with labelmates Justice on the song Tthhee Ppaarrttyy, from their debut album †
8.
Breakbot
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Thibaut Jean-Marie Michel Berland, known by his stage name Breakbot, is a French producer and a DJ who has been signed with Ed Banger Records since May 2009. He studied at Supinfocom, a computer graphics university and he co-directed one short film Overtime with Oury Atlan and Damien Ferrié. The short won the Ottawa International Animation Festival award for Best Graduate Film in 2005, Thibaut Berland also prepared advertisements and videos. Breakbot is most recognized for his remixes and his reworkings of songs by artists including Röyksopp, Digitalism, and Chromeo are among his most popular. The music video of Baby Im Yours featuring Irfane was directed by Irina Dakeva and became a summer hit MTV Pulse, the music video was nominated for Best budget pop/dance/urban video and Best animation in a video during the UK Music Video Awards on October 12,2010. His 2008 remix of Pnaus song Baby appears in Gran Turismo 5, also one of his songs, Penelope Pitstop, features in the same version. Breakbots position in popular culture is influenced by the similarities between Baby Im Yours and 2012 chart hit Treasure by Bruno Mars. Breakbot headed to the Twitterverse to indirectly confront Mars, having a dig at his competitors fans. Treasure was re-registered in ASCAP with new writing credits, which included him and Irfane Khan-Acito, megamix The Lazy Sunday Selecta Mixtape Ed Banger, part 3 avec Breakbot | Novaplanet Mix Bedtime Stories 2005, Overtime -- directed by Oury Atlan, Thibaut Berland and Damien Ferrie
9.
Squarepusher
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Squarepusher is the principal pseudonym adopted by Tom Jenkinson, a UK-based recording artist. His compositions draw on a number of influences including drum and bass, acid house, jazz and his recordings are typified by a combination of electronic sound sources, live instrumental playing and digital signal processing. He is the brother of Ceephax Acid Crew, Tom Jenkinson grew up in Chelmsford, Essex. The first school he attended was affiliated with Chelmsford Cathedral giving him exposure to organ music and he took an interest in music very early in life, and simultaneously became interested in music reproduction equipment. At the age of 11, Tom bought a guitar, which was a 3/4 size nylon-strung classical, in 1986 Tom went to the King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford. One of his musical experiences came from seeing guitarist Guthrie Govan playing in the schools inter-house music competition. Tom went on to develop a friendship with Govan which continues to this day, Tom joined his first band at the age of 12, a Metallica influenced thrash metal group consisting of several other pupils from the school. Over subsequent years Tom played bass guitar in local bands playing numerous gigs around East Anglia and London. In 1991 Tom became interested in music, hardcore, acid house and techno. In August 1993, Tom recorded a piece named OBrien. The cassette containing this recording is visible on the front cover of the Buzz Caner album and is dated 8/8/93 > 11/8/93. This piece was particularly liked by Toms friend Hardy Finn and between them they raised sufficient funds to release this piece, along with material, on a vinyl 12. The name of the label was Nothings Clear, taken from the title of a song by Tricky of which Tom and Hardy were fans. This record exhibits a strong influence of Aphex Twin, and Tom states that the Xylem Tube EP was of importance to him at that time. Tom and his friends took the copies of the record to local record shops. However, it was played by Colin Faver on Kiss FM, in autumn 1994, Tom began to pursue his fascination for integrating breakbeats into electronic music. The first recordings using Toms new set up were released on the Spymania label and this was an offshoot of Zoom Records, which was based in Camden Town and was set up by Toms school friends Hardy Finn and Paul Fowler who worked at Zoom. The first e. p. was called Conumber, Conumber exhibits the influence of mid-1990s jungle, which at that point had eclipsed his interest in other forms of dance music
10.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
