1.
Savoy Cinema
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The Savoy Cinema is the oldest operational cinema in Dublin, and it is the preferred cinema in Ireland for film premières. The cinema was built in 1929 on the site of the old Granville Hotel, the luxurious auditorium, housing 2,789 seats, opened to the public with the American colour talkie On with the Show. It was altered in 1954 to incorporate a large CinemaScope screen and it was reported in February 2012 that the cinema was in danger of closing. In the previous decade, audience numbers fell from 740,000 to 250,000 per annum, the Savoy is the most altered cinema in Dublins history, and in 1969 the cinema was converted into a twin cinema. In 1975, the Savoys restaurant was converted into a screen, holding 200 seats, followed in 1979 by further sub-divisions. In 1988, the cinema was given its sixth screen, in the process, the Savoy had lost a third of its capacity. In 2004, renovation work was carried out, moving the box office from the two located on either side of the entrance to what used to be an adjoining shop. The confectionery counter has also moved many times, but is now at its original location. The Advance Screening Room became a screen in 2014. In 2016, the old Screen 2 was converted into three screens and the Savoy is now a 9 screen cinema in Dublin City Centre. The cinema has hosted the Irish premières of many films, most of them having an Irish connection, films shown here have included Alexander, Once and The Man in the Iron Mask. The cinema is used during the Jameson Dublin International Film Festival. It also hosts the film, which in 2006 was the first Irish screening of the film,300. In December 1934, Republicans demonstrated against the screening at the cinema of a newsreel of the marriage of Prince George, Duke of Kent, the Savoy Cinema An album of photographs recording the construction of the Savoy Cinema, OConnell Street, Dublin and its appearance on completion
2.
The Hangover
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The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Todd Phillips, co-produced with Daniel Goldberg, and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Heather Graham, Ken Jeong, Rachael Harris, Mike Epps, Justin Bartha, and Jeffrey Tambor. It tells the story of Phil Wenneck, Stu Price, Alan Garner, and Doug Billings, however, Phil, Stu and Alan wake up with Doug missing and no memory of the previous nights events, and must find the groom before the wedding can take place. Lucas and Moore wrote the script after executive producer Chris Benders friend disappeared and had a bill after being sent to a strip club. Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days, and during filming, the Hangover was released on June 5,2009, and was a critical and commercial success. The film became the film of 2009, with a worldwide gross of over $467 million. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and received multiple other accolades. Out of all R-rated films, it is the six-highest-grossing ever in the U. S. behind only The Passion of the Christ, The Matrix Reloaded, Ted, American Sniper, and Deadpool. A sequel, The Hangover Part II, was released on May 26,2011, and they spend the night at Caesars Palace, where they relax in their hotel suite before celebrating with a few drinks on the hotel rooftop. The next morning, Phil, Stu, and Alan awaken to find they have no memory of the previous night, and Doug is nowhere to be found. Stus tooth is in Alans pocket, their suite is in a state of disarray, a tiger is in their bathroom, a chicken is in their living room, and a baby is in the closet. They find Dougs mattress impaled on a statue outside of Caesars Palace and when they ask for their Mercedes, the valet delivers an LVPD police cruiser. Using clues to retrace their steps, the travel to a hospital where they discover they were drugged with Rohypnol, causing their memory loss. At the chapel, they learn that Stu married a stripper named Jade, despite being in a relationship with his abusive. Outside the chapel, the trio is attacked by gangsters saying they are looking for someone and they flee and visit Jade, discovering that she is the mother of the baby, whose real name is Tyler. They are then arrested by the police for stealing the police cruiser, after being told that the Mercedes has been impounded, the trio is released when they unknowingly volunteer to be targets for a taser demonstration. While driving the Mercedes, they discover a naked Chinese man named Leslie Chow in the trunk, Chow jumps out of the trunk, beats the trio up with a crowbar and flees. Alan confesses that he drugged their drinks to ensure they had a good night, returning to their suite, they find the boxer Mike Tyson, who orders the trio to return the tiger to his mansion immediately
3.
Dublin
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Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland. Dublin is in the province of Leinster on Irelands east coast, the city has an urban area population of 1,345,402. The population of the Greater Dublin Area, as of 2016, was 1,904,806 people, founded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin became Irelands principal city following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800, following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland. Dublin is administered by a City Council, the city is listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-, which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world. It is a historical and contemporary centre for education, the arts, administration, economy, the name Dublin comes from the Irish word Dubhlinn, early Classical Irish Dubhlind/Duibhlind, dubh /d̪uβ/, alt. /d̪uw/, alt /d̪u, / meaning black, dark, and lind /lʲiɲ pool and this tidal pool was located where the River Poddle entered the Liffey, on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of Dublin Castle. In Modern Irish the name is Duibhlinn, and Irish rhymes from Dublin County show that in Dublin Leinster Irish it was pronounced Duílinn /d̪ˠi, other localities in Ireland also bear the name Duibhlinn, variously anglicized as Devlin, Divlin and Difflin. Historically, scribes using the Gaelic script wrote bh with a dot over the b and those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as Dublin. Variations on the name are found in traditionally Irish-speaking areas of Scotland, such as An Linne Dhubh. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, beginning in the 9th and 10th century, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. Baile Átha Cliath, meaning town of the ford, is the common name for the city in modern Irish. Áth Cliath is a name referring to a fording point of the River Liffey near Father Mathew Bridge. Baile Átha Cliath was an early Christian monastery, believed to have been in the area of Aungier Street, there are other towns of the same name, such as Àth Cliath in East Ayrshire, Scotland, which is Anglicised as Hurlford. Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times and he called the settlement Eblana polis. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, beginning in the 9th and 10th century, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. The subsequent Scandinavian settlement centred on the River Poddle, a tributary of the Liffey in an area now known as Wood Quay, the Dubhlinn was a small lake used to moor ships, the Poddle connected the lake with the Liffey. This lake was covered during the early 18th century as the city grew, the Dubhlinn lay where the Castle Garden is now located, opposite the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin Castle
4.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
5.
Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
6.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
7.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
8.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
9.
Oberlin College
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Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. The college was founded as the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in 1833 by John Jay Shipherd and it is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States and the second oldest continuously operating coeducational institute of higher learning in the world. The Oberlin Conservatory of Music, part of the college, is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States, the College of Arts & Sciences offers more than 50 majors, minors, and concentrations. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium, both the college and the town of Oberlin were founded in northern Ohio in 1833 by a pair of Presbyterian ministers, John Jay Shipherd and Philo Stewart. The College was built on 500 acres of land donated by the previous owners, Titus Street, founder of Streetsboro, Ohio, and Samuel Hughes. Shipherd and Stewert named their project after Jean-Frédéric Oberlin, an Alsatian minister whom they both admired, the ministers vision was for both a religious community and school. Oberlins founders bragged that Oberlin is peculiar in that which is good, asa Mahan accepted the position as first President of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in 1835, simultaneously serving as the chair of intellectual and moral philosophy and a professor of theology. The college had some difficult beginnings, and Rev. John Keep, a nondenominational seminary, Oberlins Graduate School of Theology, was established alongside the college in 1833. Oberlins role as an educator of African-American students prior to the Civil War, in 1844, Oberlin College graduated its first black student, George B. Vashon, who one of the founding professors at Howard University. The African Americans of Oberlin and those attending Oberlin College have experienced intense challenges and its African American and other students of color have used education and activism to influence the college, the town, and beyond. Their efforts have helped Oberlin remain committed to its values of freedom, social justice, the Colleges approach to African Americans was by no means perfect. Intensely anti-slavery, Oberlin was the college to admit black students in the 1830s. By the 1880s, however, with the fading of evangelical idealism, nonetheless, Oberlin graduates accounted for a significant percentage of African-American college graduates by the end of the 19th century. The college was listed as a National Historic Landmark on December 21,1965, for its significance in admitting African Americans, Oberlin is also the oldest coeducational institution in the United States, having admitted four women in 1837. These four women, who were the first to enter as full students, were Mary Kellogg, Mary Caroline Rudd, Mary Hosford, Mary Jane Patterson graduated in 1862 as the first black woman to earn a B. A. degree. Soon women were integrated into the college, and comprised from a third to half of the student body. The religious founders, especially evangelical theologian Charles Grandison Finney, saw women as morally superior to men
10.
Correspondent
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A foreign correspondent is stationed in a foreign country. The term correspondent refers to the practice of filing news reports via postal letter. The largest networks of correspondents belong to ARD and BBC, a correspondent generally includes some of his/her own perspective on the news. For example, a correspondent is expected to provide context to the events being chronicled. A reporter, on the hand, offers largely fact-based reporting. In Britain, the term correspondent usually refers to someone with a specific specialist area, a reporter is usually someone without such expertise who is allocated stories by the newsdesk on any story in the news. A capitol correspondent is a correspondent who reports from headquarters of government, a legal or justice correspondent reports on issues involving legal or criminal justice topics, and may often report from the vicinity of a courthouse. A red carpet correspondent is an entertainment reporter who is selected to report from the red carpet of an entertainment or media event, such as a premiere, a foreign correspondent is any individual who reports from primarily foreign locations. A war correspondent is a correspondent who covers stories first-hand from a war zone. A foreign bureau is a news bureau set up to support a news gathering operation in a foreign country, in TV news, a live on-the-scene reporter reports from the field during a live shot. This has become a popular format with the advent of Eyewitness News. A recent cost-saving measure is for local TV news to dispense with out-of-town reporters and replace them with syndicated correspondents, the producers of the show schedule time with the correspondent, who then appears live to file a report and chat with the hosts. The reporter will go and do a number of reports for other stations. Many viewers may be unaware that the reporter does not work directly for the news show and this is also a popular way to report the weather. For example, AccuWeather doesnt just supply data, they also supply on-air meteorologists from television studios at their headquarters
11.
The Daily Show
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The Daily Show is an American news satire and late-night talk show television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central, describing itself as a fake news program, The Daily Show draws its comedy and satire from recent news stories, political figures, media organizations, and often uses self-referential humor as well. The half-hour-long show premiered on July 21,1996, and was first hosted by Craig Kilborn until December 17,1998, Stewart was succeeded by Trevor Noah, whose tenure premiered on September 28,2015. Under different hosts, the show has been known as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart from 1999 until 2015. The Daily Show is the program on Comedy Central, and has won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards. Critics chastised Stewart for not conducting sufficiently hard-hitting interviews with his political guests, Stewart and other Daily Show writers responded to such criticism by saying that they do not have any journalistic responsibility and that as comedians their only duty is to provide entertainment. Stewarts appearance on the CNN show Crossfire picked up this debate, each episode begins with announcer Drew Birns announcing the date and the introduction, From Comedy Centrals World News Headquarters in New York, this is The Daily Show with Trevor Noah. Previously, the introduction was This is The Daily Show, the most important television program, the host then opens the show with a monologue drawing from current news stories and issues. Some episodes will begin with a 1-3 minute intro on a story before fully transitioning into the main story of the night. Their stated areas of expertise vary depending on the story that is being discussed. They typically present absurd or humorously exaggerated takes on current events against the straight man. While correspondents stated to be reporting abroad are usually performing in-studio in front of a background, on rare occasions. For instance, during the week of August 20,2007, in August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled Rob Riggle, Chasing the Dragon, which focused on the 2008 Beijing Olympics. On July 19,2016, Roy Wood Jr. reported live from the Republican National Convention, topics have varied widely, during the early years of the show they tended toward character-driven human interest stories such as Bigfoot enthusiasts. Since Stewart began hosting in 1999, the focus of the show has more political. Under Kilborn and the years of Stewart, most interviewees were either unaware or not entirely aware of the comedic nature of The Daily Show. However, as the show began to gain popularity—particularly following its coverage of the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections—most of the subjects now interviewed are aware of the comedic element, some segments have recurred periodically throughout different tenures, such as Back in Black & Your Moment of Zen. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, a segment of the show has been dubbed Mess O Potamia, focusing on the United States policies in the Middle East
12.
Andy Bernard
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Andrew Baines Andy Bernard is a fictional character from the U. S. comedy television series, The Office. Andy is portrayed by Ed Helms and he has no counterpart in the original British version of the series. This all happens over the course of one day in Livin the Dream and his character is insecure, seemingly due to a strained parental relationship, yet demonstrates self-centered and arrogant attitudes. He often references his education at Cornell University, where he was a part of an a cappella group, Andy demonstrates a sycophantic attitude toward his superiors as well as severe anger management issues. He becomes involved in a long-term but failed relationship with accountant Angela Martin, however, the relationship starts to sour throughout the ninth season and finally ends in Couples Discount when Erin gets fed up with Andys neglect and selfishness. His character was named one of the most annoying TV characters of 2011 by Vulture magazine, Andy claims to have been born and raised in Simsbury, Connecticut. His birth name was Walter Bernard Jr. but after his brother was born, his parents decided that the new baby better embodied that name. Thus, the original Walter was renamed Andrew, a name taken from a book of baby names and he claims to have been an obese child, though he never talks about it. It can be assumed that Andys family was considerably wealthy growing up, Andy is a 1995 alumnus of Cornell University, which he will often brag about to his peers, and minored in History. Andy is descended from a line of WASPs, that he claims goes all the way back to Moses. Andy often refers to himself by his nickname, the Nard Dog, within Here Comes Treble, his nickname is Boner Champ, which he earned after engaging in coitus with a snowman to completion. He enjoys singing in a falsetto voice, occasionally to the accompaniment of his banjo. He has experimented with the sitar, eventually learning to play Deck the Halls and he also plays piano and guitar. Andy has worked at Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, AIG and it is also revealed that Andy suffers from Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Andy was the Regional Director in Charge of Sales at the Dunder Mifflin Stamford branch, Andy worked with fellow salesmen Jim and Karen, under the direction of Josh Porter. Upon the branchs closure, Andy transferred to the Dunder Mifflin Scranton branch, Andy is shown to enjoy inventing nicknames for his colleagues. He nicknamed Jim Big Tuna, because he ate a sandwich on his first day at the Stamford branch. Prior to his Anger Management training, Andy had severe anger problems, upon finding his calculator embedded in Jell-O, a trademark prank of Jims, he screams and kicks a trash can across the office
13.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24,2005 to May 16,2013. It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name, the Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons. It is co-produced by Daniels Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions, the original executive producers were Greg Daniels, Howard Klein, Ben Silverman, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant, with numerous others being promoted in later seasons. The series depicts the lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania. To simulate the look of a documentary, it is filmed in a single-camera setup. The show debuted on NBC as a replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes. The Office initially featured Steve Carell, Rainn Wilson, John Krasinski, Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast, the first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews, but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics. These seasons were included on several critics year-end top TV series lists, winning awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards. While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, earlier writers oversaw the final season, Greg Daniels served as the senior series showrunner for the first four seasons of the series and developed the British series for American television. He then left the position when he co-created the comedy series Parks and Recreation with fellow Office writer Michael Schur, Paul Lieberstein and Jennifer Celotta were named the series showrunners for the fifth season. Celotta left the series after the season and Lieberstein stayed on as showrunner for the following two seasons. He left the spot after the eighth season for the potential Dwight Schrute spin-off, The Farm. Daniels returned to the position for the ninth and final season. Other executive producers include cast members B. J. Novak, Kaling, Novak, Daniels, Lieberstein and Schur made up the original team of writers. Kaling, Novak and Lieberstein also serve multiple roles on the series, as they play regular characters on the show, as well as write, direct, credited with twenty-four episodes, Kaling is the most prolific writer on the staff. Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, who created the original British series, are credited as producers, and wrote the pilot. Merchant later directed the episode Customer Survey while Gervais appeared in the episodes The Seminar, randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, before the series aired its second episode, the writers spent time researching in offices
14.
The Lorax (film)
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The Lorax is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy-comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seusss childrens book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2,2012, the second film adaptation of the book, the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once-ler. The cast includes Danny DeVito as the Lorax, Ed Helms as the Once-ler, new characters introduced in the film are Audrey, Aloysius OHare, Mrs. Wiggins, Teds mother, and Grammy Norma. The film received mixed reviews critics and was a box office success, grossing $214 million domestically. Ted has a crush on local environmentalist Audrey, who wants to see a tree more than anything in the world. When Ted leaves Thneedville in search of the Once-ler, he discovers that the world is a contaminated, empty. Once the boy finds him, the Once-ler agrees to tell Ted about the trees on the condition that he listens to the story over multiple visits. Ted agrees, but on his way home, he encounters the mayor of Thneedville, Aloysius OHare, OHare explains to Ted that because trees produce oxygen free of charge, he considers it a threat to his business whenever he hears people talking about them. After revealing that he has security camera eyes all over the city, however, Ted continues to sneak out of OHares sight and learns more of the trees history. Over Teds various visits, the Once-ler recounts the story that when he was a man, he departed his family to find good material for his Thneed invention. After stumbling upon a lush Truffula Tree forest valley, the Once-ler meets the guardian of the forest, the Lorax urges the Once-ler to leave the forest, but the Once-ler refuses. Eventually, the Once-ler promises not to another tree down. Then, the young businessmans Thneed invention becomes a major success, at first keeping his promise, the Once-ler continues Thneed production by harvesting the Truffula Tree tufts in a slow, but sustainable manner. However, his greedy and lazy relatives soon convince him to resume chopping down the trees, over time, the Once-lers deforestation spirals into a mass overproduction. Flushed with wealth, the Once-ler rationalizes his short-sighted needs into arrogant self-righteousness, the Once-ler pollutes the sky, river, and landscape, until the very last Truffula Tree falls. Distraught and ruined, the Once-ler becomes a recluse, Teds desire to impress Audrey also becomes a personal mission to remind his town of the importance of nature. Ted enlists his family and Audrey to help plant the seed, OHare and his employees pursue the dissidents until they manage to elude him and reach the town center. When Ted finally attempts to plant the seed, he is interrupted by OHare, to convince them otherwise, Ted takes an earthmover and rams down a section of the city wall to reveal the environmental destruction outside, thereby showing them what OHare is encouraging
15.
The Hangover (film series)
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The Hangover is a series of three American comedy films created by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore and directed by Todd Phillips. All three films follows the misadventures of a quartet of friends who go on their trip to attend a bachelor party. The Hangover tells the story of Phil Wenneck, Stu Price and Alan Garner, however, Phil, Stu, and Alan have no memory of the previous nights events and must find Doug before the wedding can take place. Screenwriters Jon Lucas and Scott Moore wrote the script after hearing how a friend of executive producer Chris Bender went missing following his party in Las Vegas. Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days, in The Hangover Part II, Phil, Stu, Alan and Doug travel to Thailand for Stus wedding. After the previous films bachelor party in Las Vegas, Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe, subdued pre-wedding brunch. Warner Bros. hired Todd Phillips and Scot Armstrong to write a sequel to the The Hangover in April 2009, the principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film. Production began in October 2010, in Ontario, California, before moving on location in Thailand, two years after The Hangover Part II, Phil, Stu, and Doug are happily living uneventful lives at home. The only member of the Wolfpack who is not content is Alan, fortunately, Phil, Stu, and Doug are there to make sure Alan takes the first step. This time, there is no party and wedding. Todd Phillips first announced plans for a film in May 2011. Craig Mazin, who co-wrote Part II, was brought on abroad in May to script the film. The principal actors signed on in January 2012 and production began in September 2012 in Los Angeles, California before moving to Nogales, Arizona and Las Vegas, the film was released on May 23,2013. The Hangover franchise at Box Office Mojo
16.
Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie
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Captain Underpants, The First Epic Movie is an upcoming American 3D computer-animated superhero action-comedy film based on the childrens novel series of the same name by Dav Pilkey. The film is being produced by DreamWorks Animation and Scholastic Entertainment and it is being directed by David Soren and Rob Letterman, and stars the voices of Ed Helms, Kevin Hart, Nick Kroll, Thomas Middleditch, Jordan Peele and Kristen Schaal. The film is scheduled to be released on June 2,2017 in 3D and 2D by DreamWorks Animation and 20th Century Fox. Ed Helms as Mr. Benny Krupp / Captain Underpants, the principal of Jerome Horwitz Elementary School. Kevin Hart as George Beard, a troublesome 10-year-old fourth grade student that wears a tie and he is Harolds best friend and writes stories for the comics he and Harold make. Thomas Middleditch as Harold Hutchins, a troublesome 10-year-old fourth grade student that wears a t-shirt and he is Georges best friend and illustrates for the comics he and George make. Kristen Schaal as Edith, the lunch lady. Interest in the rights to the Captain Underpants series date back to when the first installment was published in 1997. DreamWorks Animation had been on Dav Pilkeys tail to pursue the film rights, Pilkey was very skeptical on the idea, but after seeing their adaptation of the How to Train Your Dragon books, he came into an appreciation to the idea. On October 20,2011, it was reported that DreamWorks Animation had acquired the rights to make a feature film based on the Captain Underpants series. On October 25,2013, it was reported that Rob Letterman would direct the film and it would be the second film to involve Letterman and Stoller working together, the first being Gullivers Travels. On June 12,2014, the film was scheduled for release on January 13,2017, following DreamWorks Animations reorganization in early 2015, the studio announced that the film will be produced outside of the studios pipeline at a significantly lower cost. It will instead be animated at Mikros Image in Montreal, Canada, a month later, Deadline reported that Letterman had left the project, and that David Soren, the director of Turbo, was in talks to direct the film. On December 2,2016, it was announced that Letterman returned to the project, Captain Underpants, The First Epic Movie was expected to be released on March 10,2017 by 20th Century Fox, but in September 2015, The Boss Baby took over its date. The film is now scheduled for release on June 2,2017, the first trailer premiered on March 22,2017 on the DreamWorksTV YouTube channel. The trailer was released in front of theaters with Power Rangers, official website Captain Underpants, The First Epic Movie at the Internet Movie Database
17.
Lawyer
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A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, in practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As a result, the meaning of the lawyer may vary from place to place. In Australia, the lawyer is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors. In Canada, the word lawyer refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or. Common law lawyers in Canada are formally and properly called barristers and solicitors, however, in Quebec, civil law advocates often call themselves attorney and sometimes barrister and solicitor in English. The Legal Services Act 2007 defines the activities that may only be performed by a person who is entitled to do so pursuant to the Act. Lawyer is not a protected title, in India, the term lawyer is often colloquially used, but the official term is advocate as prescribed under the Advocates Act,1961. In Scotland, the word refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors, in a generic sense, it may also include judges and law-trained support staff. In the United States, the term refers to attorneys who may practice law. It is never used to refer to patent agents or paralegals, in fact, there are regulatory restrictions on non-lawyers like paralegals practicing law. Other nations tend to have terms for the analogous concept. In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners. Several countries that originally had two or more legal professions have since fused or united their professions into a type of lawyer. Most countries in this category are common law countries, though France, in countries with fused professions, a lawyer is usually permitted to carry out all or nearly all the responsibilities listed below. Arguing a clients case before a judge or jury in a court of law is the province of the barrister in England. However, the boundary between barristers and solicitors has evolved, in England today, the barrister monopoly covers only appellate courts, and barristers must compete directly with solicitors in many trial courts
18.
The Westminster Schools
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The Westminster Schools is a private school in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, founded in 1951 and tracing its origins to 1878. In 2008, the school had the largest endowment of any non-boarding school in the United States, Westminster originated in 1951 as a reorganization of Atlantas North Avenue Presbyterian School, a girls school and an affiliate of the North Avenue Presbyterian Church. Dr. William L. Pressly of Chattanooga, Tennessees McCallie School served as Westminsters first president, the school moved to its current campus in 1953 as the result of a land grant by trustee Fritz Orr. Also in 1953, Washington Seminary, another school for girls. In the mid-1950s, Westminster became a test site for a new advanced studies program that would become the College Boards Advanced Placement program. In 1962, the building, later named Pressly Hall, was constructed. Three years later, in 1965, Westminster became one of the first southern private schools to integrate, four African American students graduated in 1972. Until 1978, the school operated as a boarding school. In 2006 the school ran a campaign attempting to raise $100 million to increase its endowment size. The campaign was at the time the third-largest ever for an independent school in the United States, there have been five presidents at The Westminster Schools. A new campus road, completed in June 2004, rerouted traffic away from central campus, Pressly Hall houses administrative offices, the Malone Dining Hall, and McCain Chapel. Turner Gymnasium underwent major construction and expansion completed in 2000, broyles Arts Center houses the orchestra, band, theater, and art programs, and also the Campus Center, an area for students to hang out during free time that includes a concession stand. The recently renovated Scott Hall, once nearly obsolete after the construction of the Junior High School building, now houses the campus bookstore, Love Hall serves as the elementary school. Tull Hall, which was once the rooms for boarding students, is now leased by the Georgia Academy of Music. The campus hosted the Atlanta Marathon from 1964 until 1980, during the 1996 Olympics the Torch was run through campus, and floor used for the basketball games then is now in Love Halls gymnasium. As a college preparatory school, one of Westminsters primary goals for its students is that they are prepared for, the Westminster Schools has the 5th highest success rate and 2nd hardest learning program of any non-boarding school in the southern states. Last year the school graduated 33 National Merit Finalists and 8 National Achievement Finalists, the Class of 2014 graduated 199 students. Louis, Howard University, Princeton University, and the Vanderbilt University, notably,9 more Class of 2014 graduates matriculated to Ivy League schools other than those previously mentioned
19.
Brian Baumgartner
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Brian Bruce Baumgartner is an American actor and director. He is best known for playing Kevin Malone in the American adaptation of The Office, born in Atlanta, Georgia, Baumgartner attended Holy Innocents Episcopal School. He attended and graduated from The Westminster Schools in 1992, later, Baumgartner performed regionally at the Guthrie Theater, Berkeley Repertory Theatre, Childrens Theater Company, and Theatre de la Jeune Lune. Baumgartner studied acting at the Meadows School of the Arts at Southern Methodist University and his television roles are in Jake in Progress, Arrested Development and Everwood. He played a talent scout on Last Comic Standing with his Office co-star Kate Flannery, in June 2007, Baumgartner won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Broadband Program - Comedy, for his work on The Office, Accountants webisodes. His co-stars Angela Kinsey and Oscar Nunez also shared the award and he also appeared in NBA 2K13 on the all star celebrity team and in Ingrid Michaelsons music video Time Machine. Brian Baumgartner at the Internet Movie Database Brian Baumgartner at AllMovie
20.
New York University
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New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
21.
Tisch School of the Arts
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The New York University Tisch School of the Arts is a center of study in the performing and media arts. Founded on August 17,1965, Tisch is a ground for artists, scholars of the arts, filmmakers. The school merges the technical training of a school with the academic resources of a major research university to immerse students in their intended artistic disciplines. It is located at 721 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City, NYU has the most alumni working at Broadway theatre. Tisch School of the Arts was founded in order to provide training in theatre and film. The school created additional departments such as dance, theatre design, in recognition of the generosity of the Tisch family, the school was renamed Tisch School of the Arts. Tisch also offers a selection of classes to NYU students not enrolled in any of its programs through the Open Arts curriculum, the Graduate Acting Program offers a three-year MFA that equips acting students with the skills of a working career in theatre and/or film. The Department of the Dance offers training on the graduate and undergraduate level to students preparing for careers as dancers or choreographers, while taking full advantage of the liberal arts resources of the New York University and the cultural resources of the New York City. The Graduate Musical Theater Writing Program is an MFA program specially designed for the major collaborators in the creation of new theater and opera, composers, lyricists. NYU Tisch School of the Arts Graduate Acting Program has gained a reputation for its selectivity. Zelda Fichandler became chair of the program in 1984 and stepped down in 2008, in May 2008, Mark Wing-Davey became chair. Graduate Acting alumni have gone on to achieve many acting accolades, faison Edi Gathegi Jordan Gelber,2000 Enver Gjokaj Matthew Gray Gubler Logan Marshall Green Christopher Guest,1971 Danai Gurira Michael C. Many of the faculty have their own independent of the dance department. The program strives to prepare students for the life of a dancer, preparing them by treating their third year students as a company. Students graduate in three years, hence the schedule which is accelerated in order for dancers to graduate earlier than their peers in other college dance programs. Because of brevity of the program, students attend a six-week summer course following their first. During these summer intensives, six different companies come in a week each and teach students their style of movement and this is an excellent way for students to be introduced to companies and have the chance to get noticed and get to know the different companies in an intimate setting. This is unique to the Tisch Dance Program, and is conducive to introducing dancers into the world of auditions
22.
Knox College (Illinois)
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Knox College is a four-year coeducational private liberal arts college located in Galesburg, Illinois, United States. S. It is one of 40 schools featured in Loren Popes influential book Colleges That Change Lives, Knox College was founded in 1837 by anti-slavery social reformers, led by George Washington Gale. Many of the founders, including the Rev. Samuel Wright, the original name for the school was Knox Manual Labor College, but it has been known by its present name since 1857. The colleges name came about through a compromise among its founders, arguments have been made that the college was named for Calvinist leader John Knox, but it is not certain for which Knox it was named. Some wanted the college named for one Knox, some for the other, certainly most of them were pious enough to want the churchman and fighters enough to want the soldier as well. The presidency of Jonathan Blanchard led the school out of debt, both Gale and Blanchard were forced out of the school as a result. Knox was the site of the debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. The Old Main building is the site from the debates that stands today. Knox College was ranked 71st among liberal arts colleges by the 2011 edition of Americas Best Colleges in U. S. News & World Report. In August 2010, Knox was listed as one of the Best-Kept Secrets,10 Colleges You Should Know About by the Huffington Post, based on a Unigo survey completed by over 30,000 students. In the August 11,2010 issue of Forbes magazine, Knox was ranked among the Top 100 liberal arts colleges listed and over 600 evaluated, In the 2009 rankings, Knox was 101st of 600 listed. The Princeton Review consistently cites Knox on its Best of lists, most recently in 2010 as one of the Best 371 Schools, the Kiplinger private colleges rankings for 2010 placed Knox 47th on its list of 50 best values in liberal arts, measuring academic quality and affordability. Knox College is also one of 40 schools featured in the book Colleges That Change Lives by former New York Times Education Editor Loren Pope. In the 2009–2010 academic year, The Chronicle of Higher Education noted Knox as one of 9 bachelor-level institutions to produce 2 or more Fulbright Awards for U. S. Scholars. In 2009, a Knox study of found that the college ranks in the top 3% of colleges by based on graduates who go on to earn a Ph. D. Knox employs a 3–3 academic calendar rather than a traditional semester-based approach, in each of the three 10-week terms, students take only three courses. Faculty members teach only two courses each term, giving more time for one-on-one mentoring. No matter what course of students decide to pursue, education at Knox contains common elements
23.
Cornell University
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Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornells motto, the university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the nation and the one in New York. Of its seven colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York system, including its agricultural. Of Cornells graduate schools, only the college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension program in every county of New York. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens are considered. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race, the student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and more than 120 countries. Cornell University was founded on April 27,1865, the New York State Senate authorized the university as the land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site, fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty, the university was inaugurated on October 7,1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day. Cornell developed as an innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a dynamo to light the grounds. Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes and it was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees. Today the university has more than 4,000 courses, since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it has partnerships with institutions in India, Singapore, and the Peoples Republic of China. Former president Jeffrey S. Lehman described the university, with its international profile. On March 9,2004, Cornell and Stanford University laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center to be built, Cornells main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake
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University of Virginia
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The University of Virginia, frequently referred to simply as Virginia, is a public research university and the flagship for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson, UVA is known for its foundations, student-run honor code. UNESCO designated UVA as Americas first and only collegiate World Heritage Site in 1987, the university was established in 1819, and its original governing Board of Visitors included Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. Monroe was the sitting President of the United States at the time of its foundation, former Presidents Jefferson and Madison were UVAs first two rectors and the Academical Village and Jefferson conceived and designed the original courses of study. The universitys research endeavors are highly recognized, in 2015, Science honored UVA faculty for discovering two of its top 10 annual scientific breakthroughs, from the fields of Medicine and Psychology. UVA is one of 62 institutions in the Association of American Universities and it is the only AAU member university in Virginia. UVA is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation, the university was the first non-founding member, and the first university of the American South, to attain AAU membership in 1904. UVAs academic strength is broad, with 121 majors across the eight undergraduate, students compete in 26 collegiate sports and UVA leads the Atlantic Coast Conference in mens NCAA team national championships with 17. UVA is second in womens NCAA titles with 7, UVA was awarded the Capital One Cup in 2015 after fielding the top overall mens athletics programs in the nation. Students come to attend the university in Charlottesville from all 50 states and 147 countries, the historic 1, 682-acre campus is internationally protected by UNESCO and considered one of the most beautiful collegiate grounds in the country. UVA additionally maintains 2,913 acres southeast of the city, the university also manages the College at Wise in Southwest Virginia, and until 1972 operated George Mason University and the University of Mary Washington in Northern Virginia. In 1817, three Presidents and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court John Marshall joined 24 other dignitaries at a meeting held in the Mountain Top Tavern at Rockfish Gap, after some deliberation, they selected nearby Charlottesville as the site of the new University of Virginia. Farmland just outside Charlottesville was purchased from James Monroe by the Board of Visitors as Central College, the school laid its first buildings cornerstone late in that same year, and the Commonwealth of Virginia chartered the new university on January 25,1819. John Hartwell Cocke collaborated with James Madison, Monroe, and Joseph Carrington Cabell to fulfill Jeffersons dream to establish the university, Cocke and Jefferson were appointed to the building committee to supervise the construction. The universitys first classes met on March 7,1825, another innovation of the new university was that higher education would be separated from religious doctrine. Jefferson opined to philosopher Thomas Cooper that a professorship of theology should have no place in our institution, Jefferson was intimately involved in the university to the end, hosting Sunday dinners at his Monticello home for faculty and students until his death. Thus, he eschewed mention of his accomplishments, such as the Louisiana Purchase. This was a source of frustration for Jefferson, who assembled the students during the schools first year, on October 3,1825, to such behavior
25.
Improvisation
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Improvisation is the term for the action of improvising. In a technical context, this can mean adapting a device for use other than that which it was designed for, or building a device from unusual components in an ad-hoc fashion. Improvisation, within the context of performing arts, is a spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic. Musical improvisation is usually defined as the composition of music, without prior preparation, improvisational comedy is a theatre art performed throughout the world and has had on-again, off-again status throughout history. Dance improvisation is frequently used as a choreographic tool, choreography is also frequently used as a tool for improvisation. Improvisation also exists outside the arts, Improvisation in engineering is to solve a problem with the tools and materials immediately at hand. Improvised weapons are used by guerrillas, insurgents and criminals. Improvisation in engineering is to solve a problem with the tools and materials immediately at hand, engineering improvisations may be needed because of emergencies, embargo, obsolescence of a product and the loss of manufacturer support, or just a lack of funding appropriate for a better solution. Users of motor vehicles in parts of Africa develop improvised solutions where it is not feasible to obtain manufacturer-approved spare parts. The popular television program MacGyver used as its gimmick a hero who could solve almost any problem with jury rigged devices from everyday materials, a Swiss Army knife and some duct tape. Improvisation can be thought of as an on the spot or off the cuff spontaneous moment of sudden inventiveness that can just come to mind, body, no preparation or training is needed. However, improvisation in any life or art form, can more often if it is practiced as a way of encouraging creative behavior. That practice includes learning to use ones intuition, as well as learning a technical understanding of the necessary skills and this can result in the invention of new thought patterns, new practices, new structures or symbols, and/or new ways to act. Improvisation was originally used on dramatic television. Techniques of improvisation are used in training for performing arts or entertainment, for example, music, theatre. To extemporize or ad lib is basically the same as improvising, colloquial terms such as lets play it by the ear, take it as it comes, and make it up as we go along are all used to describe improvisation. Where the improvisation is intended to solve a problem on a temporary basis and this applies to the field of engineering
26.
Upright Citizens Brigade
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The Upright Citizens Brigade is an improvisational and sketch comedy group that emerged from Chicagos ImprovOlympic in 1990. The original incarnation of the group consisted of Matt Besser, Amy Poehler, Ian Roberts, Matt Walsh, Adam McKay, Rick Roman, Horatio Sanz and Drew Franklin, other early members included Neil Flynn, Armando Diaz, Ali Farahnakian and Rich Fulcher. In 2013, Besser, Roberts and Walsh wrote The Upright Citizens Brigade Comedy Improvisation Manual, the Upright Citizens Brigade began performing improv and sketch comedy at Kill the Poet in Chicago. Their first show was called Virtual Reality, the group followed with shows titled UCBTV, Conference on the Future of Happiness, Thunderball, Bucket of Truth, Big Dirty Hands, The Real Real World, and Punch Your Friend in the Face. In 1993, the Upright Citizens Brigade were regular guests on stage at the New Variety produced and hosted by Richard ODonnell at the Chicago Improv comedy club,504 N. Wells. In 1996, the Upright Citizens Brigade relocated to New York and began performing shows, on April 1,2003, they moved to a new space at 307 W. 26th Street. In July 2005, the UCB opened at the Tamarind Theatre in Los Angeles at 5919 Franklin Avenue, UCB also operates a second theater and bar space in the East Village, UCB East, which runs smaller-scale shows for $10 or less. The Upright Citizens Brigade have also been a performance in the Comedy Tent at the annual Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Manchester, Tennessee. The original group, Matt Besser, Matt Walsh, Ian Roberts, in addition to this they had a TV movie called Escape From Its a Wonderful Life and appeared weekly on Late Night with Conan OBrien in the 90s. In the way of film, in 2002 they created and starred in the film Martin & Orloff, neither film was particularly successful or well received, and the group has overall avoided the media. There is also a web series titled UCB Comedy Originals, created in 2008. In 2016, Universal Cable Productions announced signing Upright Citizens Brigade to a production deal. The Second City The Groundlings ImprovOlympic Under the Gun Theater Raftery, high-Status Characters, How The Upright Citizens Brigade Stormed A City, Started A Scene, And Changed Comedy Forever. Official website Audio Interview with Matt Besser on The Sound of Young America, MP3 Link Video interview with Michael Delaney
27.
Film editing
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Film editing is a creative and technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking. The term is derived from the process of working with film. The film editor works with the raw footage, selecting shots, Film editing is often referred to as the invisible art because when it is well-practiced, the viewer can become so engaged that he or she is not aware of the editors work. On its most fundamental level, film editing is the art, technique, the job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film together, cut off film slates, or edit dialogue scenes. Editors usually play a role in the making of a film. Sometimes, auteurist film directors edit their own films, for example, Akira Kurosawa, Bahram Beyzai, with the advent of digital editing, film editors and their assistants have become responsible for many areas of filmmaking that used to be the responsibility of others. For instance, in past years, picture editors dealt only with just that—picture, sound, music, and visual effects editors dealt with the practicalities of other aspects of the editing process, usually under the direction of the picture editor and director. However, digital systems have increasingly put these responsibilities on the picture editor and it is common, especially on lower budget films, for the editor to cut in music, mock up visual effects, and add sound effects or other sound replacements. These temporary elements are replaced with more refined final elements by the sound, music. Early films were films that were one long, static. Motion in the shot was all that was necessary to amuse an audience, there was no story and no editing. Each film ran as long as there was film in the camera, in the first shot, an elderly couple is outside an art exhibition having lunch and then follow other people inside through the door. The second shot shows what they do inside, one of the first films to use this technique, Georges Mélièss The Four Troublesome Heads from 1898, was produced with Pauls camera. There is then a cut to close shot of the hands on the girls foot shown inside a circular mask. Even more remarkable was James Williamsons Attack on a China Mission Station, an armed party of British sailors arrived and defeat the Boxers and rescue the missionarys family. The film used the first reverse angle cut in film history, James Williamson concentrated on making films taking action from one place shown in one shot to the next shown in another shot in films like Stop Thief. and Fire. Made in 1901, and many others and he also experimented with the close-up, and made perhaps the most extreme one of all in The Big Swallow, when his character approaches the camera and appears to swallow it. These two filmmakers of the Brighton School also pioneered the editing of the film, they tinted their work with color, by 1900, their films were extended scenes of up to 5 minutes long
28.
Post-production
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Post-production, or postproduction, is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, and photography. It occurs in the making of pictures, television programs, radio programs, advertising, audio recordings, photography. It is a term for all stages of production occurring after shooting or recording individual program segments, traditional post-production has been eroded away by video editing software that operates on a non-linear editing system. Post-production is many different processes grouped under one name and these typically include, Video editing the picture of a television program using an edit decision list Writing, recording, and editing the soundtrack. Adding visual special effects - mainly computer-generated imagery and digital copy from which release prints will be made, sound design, sound effects, ADR, foley, and music, culminating in a process known as sound re-recording or mixing with professional audio equipment. Transfer of colour motion picture film to video or DPX with a telecine, the process of editing a movie is also seen as the second directing because through post-production it is possible to change the intention of the movie. Furthermore, through the use of color grading tools and the addition of music and sound, for instance, a blue-tinted movie is associated with a cold atmosphere and the choice of music and sound increases the effect of the shown scenes to the audience. Post-production was named a dying industry by Phil Izzo, the once exclusive service offered by high-end post-production facilities have been eroded away by video editing software that operates on a non-linear editing system. As such, traditional services are being surpassed by digital. In television, the phases of post-production include, editing, video editing, sound editing, animation and visual effects insertions, viewing and it is imperative that post-production executes and oversees the preparation until the final product is completely ready. Professional post-producers usually apply a certain range of image editing operations to the raw image format provided by a photographer or an image-bank, there is a range of proprietary and free and open-source software, running on a range of operating systems available to do this work. The first stage of post-production usually requires loading the RAW images into the post-production software, if there is more than one image, and they belong to a set, ideally post-producers try to equalize the images before loading them. After that, if necessary, the step would be to cut the objects in the images with the Pen Tool for a perfect. The next stage would be cleaning the image using tools such as the tool, clone tool. The next stages depend on what the client ordered, if its a photo-montage, the post-producers would usually start assembling the different images into the final document, and start to integrate the images with the background. In advertising, it usually requires assembling several images together in a photo-composition, types of work usually done, Advertising that requires one background and one or more models. Fashion photography that usually requires a really heavy post-production for editorial and/or advertising, techniques used in music post-production include comping, timing and pitch correction, and adding effects. This process is referred to as mixing and can also involve equalization
29.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
30.
The Daily Show recurring elements
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This is a list of recurring segments featured on The Daily Show. This list is incomplete for The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn, during The Daily Shows first ten years a significant part of its airtime was devoted to different branded recurring segments, usually hosted by the shows correspondents. After the 2005 launch of The Colbert Report, which was made up of different recurring segments. Normal commentary segments about ongoing news stories can also have recurring titles to help sort them and your Moment of Zen is a segment that occurs at the end of every show. The segment was introduced when the show began, in it, the host would end the show and a random selection of humorous videos would be shown, usually a clip that relates to one of the topics that was discussed in the episode. Hosts generally introduce the segment by saying, Here it is, sometimes, the Moment of Zen will be used a tribute to a celebrity or prominent figure who has recently passed away. Moments of Zen are replaced by musical guests who play out the episode with an additional performance, the segment continues under current host Trevor Noah with the same structure. At the end of Stewarts final episode on August 6,2015, he introduced his final Moment of Zen - a live performance by Bruce Springsteen - by saying Here it is, my Moment of Zen. On March 22nd,2016, Trevor dedicated the Moment of Zen to Brussels, Belgium and Ankara and this was in solidarity with the terrorist attacks that occurred in Brussels and the terrorist attacks that occurred in Ankara. On November 8th,2016, Trevor and The Best F#@king News Team re-created a post-credit scene from the movie The Avengers and this quick parody replaced the usual Moment of Zen. On March 2nd,2017, Trevor announced that they will be taking Your Moment of Zen suggestions from the viewers with the social media hashtag #DailyShowZen, the first user submitted Moment of Zen aired on March 15th,2017. The segment starts with a riff in the style of the AC/DC song Back in Black. The segment originated in 1996, when Craig Kilborn was still host of The Daily Show, as of 2017, it is the longest-running recurring segment that still airs on the show, aside from the Moment of Zen. Todays Future Now is a segment hosted by correspondent Ronny Chieng, the first segment, airing on October 7th,2015, was Chiengs first debut on The Daily Show as a correspondent. The segment has reviewed tech such as Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence & Smart Technology, what The Actual Fact is a fact-checking segment, usually analysing speeches from political figures or events. The segment is hosted by Desi Lydic and involves her standing in-front of a screen, a clip/soundbite is shown where a politician is making a statement that is false. Desi then deconstructs the lie and gives it a rating on a joke scale. On January 23rd,2017, the segment reviewed the Trump Administrations first press briefing, due to the Kellyanne Conways gaffe about alternative facts, the segment was renamed What The Alternative Fact
31.
Cape May, New Jersey
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Cape May is a city at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey, where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. One of the countrys oldest vacation resort destinations, it is part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area, in the summer, Cape Mays population is expanded by as many as 40,000 to 50,000 visitors. The entire city of Cape May is designated the Cape May Historic District, the city was named for 1620 Dutch captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey who explored and charted the area between 1611–1614, and established a claim for the province of New Netherland. It was later settled by New Englanders from the New Haven Colony, what is now Cape May was originally formed as the borough of Cape Island by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 8,1848, from portions of Lower Township. It was reincorporated as Cape Island City on March 10,1851, Cape May began hosting vacationers from Philadelphia in the mid 18th century and is recognized as the countrys oldest seaside resort. It became increasingly popular in the 18th century and was considered one of the finest resorts in America by the 19th century, in 1878 a five-day-long fire destroyed square blocks of the town center and as part of the reconstruction efforts replacement homes were almost uniformly of Victorian style. That designation is intended to ensure the preservation of these buildings. Cape May Naval facilities, listed below, provided significant help in reducing the number of ships, Cape May is generally low-lying, its highest point, at the intersection of Washington and Jackson Streets, is 14 feet above sea level. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Poverty Beach, Cape May borders West Cape May Borough, Lower Township, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Delaware Bay. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry provides transportation across the Delaware Bay to Lewes, Cape May Harbor Fest celebrates life in and around the harbor, with the 2011 event commemorating the 100th anniversary of the harbors creation. Cape May is the southernmost point in New Jersey, it is at approximately the latitude as Washington. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Cape May has a subtropical climate, typical of coastal New Jersey, with hot, humid summers. Precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year. Snowfall averages 15.7 inches per season, mostly from December to February. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −2 °F on January 17,1982 up to 106 °F on July 7,1966, since 1894, because of the warmer wintertime temperatures, Hardy Palms including Trachycarpus fortunei and Needle Palms work quite well in the landscape. Wine grapes also do well, given the long growing season. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,607 people,1,457 households, the population density was 1,500.6 per square mile. There were 4,155 housing units at a density of 1,728.5 per square mile
32.
TV Guide
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In 1948, he printed New York City area listings magazine The TeleVision Guide. Silent film star Gloria Swanson, who then starred of the variety series The Gloria Swanson Hour. Wagner later began publishing regional editions of The TeleVision Guide for New England, five years later, he sold the editions to Walter Annenberg, who folded it into his publishing and broadcasting company Triangle Publications, but remained as a consultant for the magazine until 1963. The national TV Guides first issue was released on April 3,1953. The inaugural cover featured a photograph of Lucille Balls newborn son Desi Arnaz, Jr. with a photo of Ball placed in the top corner under the issues headline. The magazine was published in digest size, which remained its printed format for 52 years. The launch as a magazine with local listings in April 1953 became an almost instant success, with TV Guide becoming the most read. The initial cost of issue was 15¢ per copy. In addition to subscriptions, TV Guide was sold at the counters of grocery stores nationwide. Until the 1980s, the pieces included in each issue were promoted in a television commercial. Over the decades, the shape of the TV Guide logo has changed to reflect the modernization of the television screen, at first, the logo had various colored backgrounds until the familiar red background became the standard in the 1960s with occasional changes used for special editions. The magazine was first based in an office in downtown Philadelphia, before moving to more spacious national headquarters in Radnor. The color section was sent to regional printers to be wrapped around the local listing sections. It was under Triangles ownership of WFIL-TV that Dick Clark and American Bandstand came to popularity, most listing entries in the log included program genres after the programs title, while its running time was listed in the synopses. Originally, the majority of programs listed in the log each issue featured brief synopses, except for local and national newscasts, in addition, black-and-white ads for programs scheduled to air on broadcast stations – and later, cable channels – during prime time were included within the listings. A regular feature of the section was Close-Up, which provided expanded reviews of select programs airing each day. The advent of television would become hard on TV Guide. Channels that were listed also differed, depending on the edition, as the years went on, more cable channels were added into the listings of each edition
33.
Barack Obama
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Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed more landmark legislation than any Democratic president since LBJs Great Society. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year
34.
Iraq
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The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds, others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, around 95% of the countrys 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish, two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. It was here that mankind first began to read, write, create laws, the area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC. Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian and it was also part of the Median, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires. Iraqs modern borders were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations when the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Treaty of Sèvres, Iraq was placed under the authority of the United Kingdom as the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. A monarchy was established in 1921 and the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932, in 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Baath Party from 1968 until 2003, after an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003, Saddam Husseins Baath Party was removed from power and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005. The American presence in Iraq ended in 2011, but the Iraqi insurgency continued and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country, the Arabic name العراق al-ʿIrāq has been in use since before the 6th century. There are several suggested origins for the name, one dates to the Sumerian city of Uruk and is thus ultimately of Sumerian origin, as Uruk was the Akkadian name for the Sumerian city of Urug, containing the Sumerian word for city, UR. An Arabic folk etymology for the name is rooted, well-watered. During the medieval period, there was a region called ʿIrāq ʿArabī for Lower Mesopotamia and ʿIrāq ʿajamī, for the region now situated in Central and Western Iran. The term historically included the south of the Hamrin Mountains. The term Sawad was also used in early Islamic times for the region of the plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In English, it is either /ɪˈrɑːk/ or /ɪˈræk/, the American Heritage Dictionary, the pronunciation /aɪˈræk/ is frequently heard in U. S. media. Since approximately 10,000 BC, Iraq was one of centres of a Caucasoid Neolithic culture where agriculture, the following Neolithic period is represented by rectangular houses. At the time of the pre-pottery Neolithic, people used vessels made of stone, gypsum, finds of obsidian tools from Anatolia are evidences of early trade relations
35.
The Colbert Report
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The show focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. The character, described by Colbert as a well-intentioned, poorly informed, furthermore, the show satirized conservative personality-driven political talk programs, particularly Fox Newss The OReilly Factor. The Colbert Report is a spin-off of Comedy Centrals The Daily Show, the program was created by Colbert, Jon Stewart, and Ben Karlin. The shows writing was grounded in improvisation, and often lampooned current events stories, the shows structure also included a guest interview, in which the Colbert character attempts to deconstruct his opponents argument. The show was taped in New York Citys Hells Kitchen neighborhood, the show was taped and broadcast Monday through Thursday, with weeks taken off at multiple points in a given year for breaks. The Colbert Report saw immediate critical and ratings successes, leading to various awards, the shows cultural influence—which occasionally would require a fair degree of participation from the show’s audience, dubbed the Colbert Nation—extended beyond the program a number of times. This impact included the running for U. S. In addition, the show inspired various forms of multimedia, including music, the Colbert Report satirized conservative personality-driven political pundit programs, and focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. Colbert joined Comedy Centrals The Daily Show in 1997, a year following its launch, when Jon Stewart became the programs host in 1999, The Daily Show developed a markedly different style, bringing a sharper political focus to the humor than the show previously exhibited. Colbert recalled that Stewart specifically asked him to have a political viewpoint, Colbert became a fixture on The Daily Show, occasionally hosting in Stewarts absence. In 2003, the program began running advertisements for a program titled The Colbert Réport. When fellow Daily Show star Steve Carell left to pursue a film and television career and he pitched The Colbert Report to the channel in 2004. Stewart pushed Comedy Central to pick up the show, and Colbert was given an eight-week tryout, following the shows immediate success, the show quickly became a fixture in the late-night lineup. At its peak, the show averaged 1.5 million viewers each evening, the fictional Colbert anchorman character became gradually toned down over the course of the shows run, as the host believed he would eventually need to move beyond it. He began to regard it as an act of discipline to perform as the character, he remarked, to model behavior. It became very hard to watch punditry of any kind, of whatever political stripe. With his contract set to end in December 2014, he had decided to leave the show when he was contacted by CBS to replace David Letterman as the host of its Late Show franchise. The shows ending was announced concurrently with Colberts jump to CBS in April 2014, the last episode aired on December 18,2014
36.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
37.
Mockumentary
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A mockumentary or docucomedy is a type of movie or television show depicting fictional events but presented as a documentary. These productions are used to analyze or comment on current events and issues by using a fictional setting. While not always comedic, comedic mockumentaries are common, a dramatic mockumentary should not be confused with docudrama, a fictional genre in which dramatic techniques are combined with documentary elements to depict real events. Mockumentaries are often presented as documentaries, with B roll and talking heads discussing past events. Examples emerged during the 1950s when archival film footage became relatively easy to locate, a very early example was a short piece on the Swiss Spaghetti Harvest that appeared as an April fools joke on the British television program Panorama in 1957. The term mockumentary, which originated in the 1960s, was popularized in the mid-1980s when This Is Spinal Tap director Rob Reiner used it in interviews to describe that film. Mockumentaries are often partly or wholly improvised, as a style of acting helps to maintain the pretense of reality. Comedic mockumentaries rarely have laugh tracks, also to sustain the atmosphere, albert Brooks was also an early popularizer of the mockumentary style with his film Real Life,1979, a spoof of a PBS documentary. Woody Allens Take the Money and Run is presented in documentary-style with Allen playing a criminal, Virgil Starkwell. Jackson Beck, who used to narrate documentaries in the 1940s, fictional interviews are interspliced throughout, especially those of Starkwells parents who wear Groucho Marx noses and mustaches. The style of film was widely appropriated by others and revisited by Allen himself in films such as Zelig and Sweet. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the format has enjoyed considerable attention. In 1984, Christopher Guest co-wrote and starred in the mockumentary This is Spinal Tap, directed by Rob Reiner, films such as Waiting for Guffman, Best in Show, and A Mighty Wind, all written with costar Eugene Levy, were critical successes. Man Bites Dog is a 1992 Belgian black comedy crime mockumentary written, produced, and directed by Rémy Belvaux, André Bonzel, in 1995, directed by Peter Jackson and Costa Botes, Forgotten Silver claimed New Zealand director Colin McKenzie to be a pioneer in filmmaking. When the film was revealed to be a mockumentary, Jackson received criticism for tricking viewers. In 1999, Drop Dead Gorgeous by Michael Patrick Jann used the style to narrate a fictional small-town beauty pageant as a way to satirize Middle America. Dark Side of the Moon is a 2002 French mockumentary by director William Karel, the premise for the film is the theory that the television footage from the Apollo 11 Moon landing was faked and actually recorded in a studio by the CIA with help from director Stanley Kubrick. FUBAR is a 2002 Canadian mockumentary film, directed by Michael Dowse, the Confederate States of America is a 2004 mockumentary presenting an alternative history in which the Confederacy won the American Civil War
38.
Steve Carell
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Steven John Steve Carell is an American actor, comedian, director, producer and writer. He has also starred in roles in the films, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, Evan Almighty, Get Smart, Crazy, Stupid, Love, The Incredible Burt Wonderstone. He has also voiced characters in the films, Over the Hedge, Horton Hears a Who. Carell was nominated as Americas funniest man in Life magazine, and he also received acclaim for his roles in Little Miss Sunshine and The Big Short, the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination. The youngest of four brothers, Carell was born at Emerson Hospital in Concord, Massachusetts and his father, Edwin A. Carell, was an electrical engineer, and his mother, Harriet Theresa, was a psychiatric nurse. His maternal uncle, Stanley Koch, worked with scientist Allen B, duMont to create cathode ray tubes. His father is of Italian and German descent, and his mother was of Polish ancestry and his father, born under the surname Caroselli, later changed it to Carell. Carell was raised Roman Catholic, and was educated at Nashoba Brooks School, The Fenn School and he also played ice hockey and lacrosse while in high school. He played the fife, performing with members of his family. He attributed his interest in history to this, earning a degree in the subject from Denison University in Granville, Ohio, in 1984. While at Denison, Carell was a member of Burpees Seedy Theatrical Company and he also spent time as a disc jockey under the name Sapphire Steve Carell at WDUB, the campus radio station. Carell states that he worked as a carrier in Littleton. He later recounted that he quit after six months because his boss told him he was not very good as a mail carrier, in 1991, Carell performed with Chicago troupe The Second City where Stephen Colbert was his understudy for a time. Carell made his debut in a minor role in Curly Sue. In spring 1996, he was a cast member of The Dana Carvey Show, while the program lasted only seven episodes, The Dana Carvey Show has since been credited with forging Carells career. He starred in a few short-lived television series, including Come to Papa and he has made numerous guest appearances, including on an episode of Just Shoot Me. titled Funny Girl. Carells other early screen credits include Brad Halls short-lived situation comedy Watching Ellie, Carell was a correspondent for The Daily Show from 1999 to 2005, with a number of regular segments including Even Stevphen with Stephen Colbert and on the Daily Show. In 2005, Carell signed a deal with NBC to star in The Office, a mockumentary about life at a mid-sized paper supply company and he played the role of Michael Scott, the idiosyncratic regional manager of Dunder Mifflin Inc, in Scranton, Pennsylvania
39.
A cappella
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A cappella music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is usually accompanied singing, the term a cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. The term is used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. A cappella music was used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed. Gregorian chant is an example of a singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into a form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella, and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam, the polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century AD, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, by the 16th century, a cappella polyphony had further developed, but gradually, the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms. 16th century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day. Recent evidence has shown some of the early pieces by Palestrina. Such is seen in the life of Palestrina becoming an influence on Bach. In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, bishop Kallistos Ware says, The service is sung, even though there may be no choir. In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and this a cappella behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalms 150, which states, Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord. Divine Liturgies and Western Rite masses composed by composers such as Peter Tchaikovsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Arkhangelsky. Certain high church services and other events in liturgical churches may be a cappella. Many Mennonites also conduct some or all of their services without instruments, sacred Harp, a type of folk music, is an a cappella style of religious singing with shape notes, usually sung at singing conventions. Opponents of musical instruments in the Christian worship believe that opposition is supported by the Christian scriptures. There is no reference to music in early church worship in the New Testament
40.
Paul Lieberstein
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Paul Bevan Lieberstein is an American screenwriter, actor and television producer. A Primetime Emmy Award winner, he is best known as writer, producer and he served as the series showrunner from seasons five to eight. However, in October 2012, it was announced that NBC was not accepting the spin-off series, Lieberstein also worked as producer on the third and final season of the television drama series The Newsroom. Lieberstein grew up in Westport, Connecticut, the son of Judith, afterwards, he attended Hamilton College, where he joined Chi Psi, and graduated in 1989 with a major in economics. An interesting footnote is that Lieberstein wrote into the storyline of several references to the fact that Andy Bernard was a Chi Psi from Cornell. Making the effete Andy Bernard a Chi Psi from Cornell was intentional and his first job after graduation was as an auditor at Peat Marwick International, a job that only lasted six months. He followed that with work in his fathers law firm. His sister Susanne is the president of programming at MTV and is married to Greg Daniels and his brother, Warren Lieberstein, was married to Angela Kinsey. Lieberstein was married for a time, to Janine Serafin Poreba, on July 19,2008. His cousin is Paul Faust, on whom the character Cool Guy Paul was based, in a SuicideGirls interview, Lieberstein noted that as an actor, which is just a very small percentage of me, I don’t feel Toby while I’m writing. It’s the hardest of the characters to access, liebersteins first Emmy Award was as a producer, sharing a 1999 Emmy for Outstanding Animated Program for his work on King of the Hill. Liebersteins work on The Office has resulted in numerous awards, in June 2007, Lieberstein shared in a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Broadband Program – Comedy, for his work on The Office, Accountants webisodes. As co-executive producer, he shared a 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, Lieberstein received an Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts degree from Hamilton College on May 22,2011
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Toby Flenderson
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Toby Flenderson, M. S. W. is a fictional character on the U. S. comedy television series, The Office. He is portrayed by the writer, director, producer and showrunner Paul Lieberstein. Toby Flenderson is the human resources representative for the Scranton branch of paper distributor Dunder Mifflin/Sabre, mild-mannered to the point of being physically incapable to voice his opinions or assert himself, Toby can be somewhat mournful about his life choices. He likes his colleagues, although he is exasperated by the excessively chatty Kelly Kapoor. He also has a crush on Pam Halpert, which he almost reveals at the end of Season 4 when he resigns from his position to move to Costa Rica. Michael sums up his feelings for Toby in the episode Casino Night, asking, every time I try to do something fun or exciting, you make it not that way. I hate so much about the things that you choose to be, for Tobys going away party, Michael gives him as a gift a rock with a note attached reading Suck on This. Shortly after arriving in Costa Rica, Toby suffers an accident and midway through season 5, he returns to his old job at Dunder Mifflin. In his childhood, Toby was forced to testify against both of his parents when the two got divorced and he attended Bishop OHara High School and is a Penn State University alumnus. In the Season 5 episode Casual Friday, a diploma at his cubicle reveals Toby also has a B. S. in Psychology from California Coastal College, the Season 7 episode Counseling reveals that he has a degree in social work from Temple University. Toby was in a seminary for a year but dropped out because he wanted to have sex with a girl and he followed her back to Scranton, married her and had a young daughter named Sasha. He went to Amsterdam for a week after his divorce, Toby claims to have no passion for HR and was only hired at Dunder Mifflin as it was the first job he could find. He joins the others occasionally but only for business matters, such as reviewing the companys sexual harassment policy, Toby prefers to let angry employees vent to him, after which they feel better and the conflict eventually settles down and solves itself. This strategy worked virtually trouble-free for years until Michael Scott publicly reads off all listed complaints and he has reached out to Michael several times despite Michaels continued abuse. However, he gets along with the rest of the staff and even attends Jims barbecue party, in addition, whenever someone says they are having problems at the Scranton branch, Michael immediately asks if the problem is Tobys fault, and the answer has always been no. In many cases, that person will continue on, saying that Toby was in fact kind and he seems to have plain bad luck in many instances in his life. It seems to be a theme that some sort of tragedy befalls him frequently. He sadly accepts his misfortunes, seeming to accept this way of life as inescapable, on some occasions Toby enjoys some rewards and good fortune, much to his satisfaction
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Human resources
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Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. Human capital is used synonymously with human resources, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view. Likewise, other terms used include manpower, talent, labour, personnel. Staffing is a process of hiring and or positioning in an organization, a Human Resources Manager has several functions in a company, Determine needs of the staff. Determine to use temporary staff or hire employees to fill these needs, recruit and train the best employees. Manage employee relations, unions and collective bargaining, prepare employee records and personal policies. Manage employee payroll, benefits and compensation, ensure that human resources practices conform to various regulations. Managers need to develop their skills to be effective. Organisations behaviour focuses on how to improve factors that make more effective. Pioneering economist John R. Commons used the human resource in his 1893 book The Distribution of Wealth. The term human resource was subsequently in use during the 1910s and 1920s as was the notion that workers could be seen as a kind of capital asset. Among scholars the first use of resources in its modern form was in a 1958 report by economist E. Wight Bakke. The term began to more developed in the 19th century due to misunderstandings between the employers and employees. If the market is tight, employers must compete for employees by offering financial rewards, community investment, geographical spread, how far is the job from the individual. The distance to travel to work should be in line with remuneration, occupational structure, the norms and values of the different careers within an organization. Mahoney 1989 developed 3 different types of structure, namely, craft, organization career path. Generational difference, different age categories of employees have certain characteristics, for example, their behavior, one major concern about considering people as assets or resources is that they will be commoditized, objectified and abused. Some analysis suggests that human beings are not commodities or resources, the 2000 revision of ISO9001, in contrast, requires identifying the processes, their sequence and interaction, and to define and communicate responsibilities and authorities
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Dunder Mifflin
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Dunder Mifflin Paper Company, Inc. is a fictional paper sales company featured in the United States television series The Office. It is analogous to Wernham Hogg in the British original of the series, originally, the company was completely fictitious, but eventually the brand was used to sell products at Staples and other office supply outlets. Two websites have created to support the fictional company, NBC sold branded merchandise at its NBC Universal Store website. Its logo was displayed in several locations in downtown Scranton, Pennsylvania. Scranton has been associated internationally with Dunder Mifflin due to the international reach. In a 2008 St. Patricks Day speech in the suburb of Dickson City, a fourth-season episode, Dunder Mifflin Infinity, said the company was founded in 1949 by Robert Dunder and Robert Mifflin, originally to sell brackets for use in construction. The fifth-season episode Company Picnic said that the met on a tour of Dartmouth College. U. S. News and World Report likens it to many companies in its size range. The shows creators share this assessment—Its basically a Staples, just not as big, since Dunder Mifflin could be considered among our competitors, says Chuck Rubin, an Office Depot executive, I think Michael Scott is actually the perfect person to run their Scranton office. The company was depicted as based in New York City, with branches in smaller Northeastern cities, episodes are set in the Scranton branch, but other branches have been mentioned and seen. The now-closed Stamford, Connecticut, branch was seen when Jim Halpert transferred there during the first half of the third season, another episode, Branch Wars, gave viewers a brief glimpse of the Utica branch, one of several purportedly in upstate New York. Utica was just such a name than Scranton, Zbornak says. But also, we had done a little research and thought our kind of business could survive in Utica, a Buffalo branch has been mentioned in several episodes, and a Rochester office was also mentioned in the episode titled Lecture Circuit. The Dunder Mifflin website also lists a Yonkers branch, albany is yet another mentioned New York location, which in a deleted scene in Stress Relief is revealed to have closed. It is also said there are branches in other states, including, Akron, Ohio, Camden, New Jersey. In Company Picnic, it is announced that the Camden and Yonkers branches have closed, in Boys and Girls, a Pittsfield branch was mentioned, until Jan shut it down when their warehouse workers unionized. The episode Turf War focuses on the closing of the Binghamton branch, business writer Megan Barnett has pointed out parallels between Dunder Mifflin and the real-life W. B. Mason paper company, based near Boston, in Brockton, Massachusetts. It is similarly regional in focus, serving customers in New England
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Scranton, Pennsylvania
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Scranton is the sixth-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania behind Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie and Reading. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County in Northeastern Pennsylvanias Wyoming Valley, with a population of 77,118, it is the largest city in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of about 570,000. Scranton was incorporated on February 14,1856, as a borough in Luzerne County and it became a major industrial city, a center of mining and railroads, and attracted thousands of new immigrants. It was the site of the Scranton General Strike in 1877, people in northern Luzerne County began to seek a new county in 1839 but the Wilkes-Barre area resisted losing its assets. Lackawanna County did not gain independent status until 1878, under legislation allowing the issue to be voted by residents of the proposed territory, voters favored the new county by a proportion of 6 to 1, with Scranton residents providing the major support. The city was designated as the county seat when Lackawanna County was established in 1878, the city took its first step toward earning its reputation as the Electric City when electric lights were introduced in 1880 at Dickson Locomotive Works. Six years later, the nations first streetcars powered exclusively by electricity began operating in the city, rev. David Spencer, a local Baptist minister, later proclaimed Scranton as the Electric City. Present-day Scranton and its area had been long inhabited by the native Lenape tribe. In 1778, Isaac Tripp, the areas first known European-American settler, built his home here, it stands in North Scranton. More settlers from Connecticut came to the area in the late 18th and early 19th centuries after the American Revolutionary War and they gradually established mills and other small businesses in a village that became known as Slocum Hollow. People in the village during this time carried the traits and the accent of their New England settlers, though anthracite coal was being mined in Carbondale to the north and Wilkes-Barre to the south, the industries that precipitated the citys early rapid growth were iron and steel. It initially started producing nails, but that venture failed due to low-quality iron. The Erie Railroads construction in New York State was delayed by its having to iron rails as imports from England. The Scrantons firm decided to focus to producing T-rails for the Erie. In 1851, the Scrantons built the Lackawanna and Western Railroad northward, with recent Irish immigrants supplying most of the labor, to meet the Erie Railroad in Great Bend, thus they could transport manufactured rails from the Lackawanna Valley to New York and the Midwest. They also invested in mining operations in the city to fuel their steel operations. In 1856, they expanded the railroad eastward as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and this railroad, with its hub in Scranton, would be Scrantons largest employer for almost one hundred years. The Pennsylvania Coal Company built a gravity railroad in the 1850s through the city for the purpose of transporting coal, the gravity railroad was replaced by a steam railroad built in 1886 by the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad
