1.
Barack Obama
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Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed more landmark legislation than any Democratic president since LBJs Great Society. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year
2.
Queens
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Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population, with a census-estimated 2,339,150 residents in 2015, approximately 48% of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second-most populous county in the U. S. state of New York, behind the borough of Brooklyn. Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York Citys boroughs, if each of New York Citys boroughs were an independent city, Queens also would be the nations fourth most populous city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens is the most ethnically diverse area in the world. Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York and it was named after the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It became a borough of New York City in 1898, and from 1683 until 1899, Queens has the most diversified economy of the five boroughs of New York City It is home to JFK International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. These airports are among the busiest in the world, causing the airspace above Queens to be the most congested in the country, attractions in Queens include Flushing Meadows Park, Citi Field, the US Open tennis tournament, Kaufman Astoria Studios, Silvercup Studios, and Aqueduct Racetrack. European colonization brought Dutch and English settlers, as a part of the New Netherland colony, First settlements occurred in 1635 followed by early colonizations at Maspeth in 1642, and Vlissingen in 1643. Other early settlements included Newtown and Jamaica, however, these towns were mostly inhabited by English settlers from New England via eastern Long Island subject to Dutch law. After the capture of the colony by the English and its renaming as New York in 1664, the Flushing Remonstrance signed by colonists in 1657 is considered a precursor to the United States Constitutions provision on freedom of religion in the Bill of Rights. The signers protested the Dutch colonial authorities persecution of Quakers in what is today the borough of Queens, originally, Queens County included the adjacent area now comprising Nassau County. It was a county of New York State, one of twelve created on November 1,1683. The county was named after Catherine of Braganza, since she was queen of England at the time, the county was founded alongside Kings County, and Richmond County. On October 7,1691, all counties in the Colony of New York were redefined, Queens gained North Brother Island, South Brother Island, and Huletts Island. On December 3,1768, Queens gained other islands in Long Island Sound that were not already assigned to a county, Queens played a minor role in the American Revolution, as compared to Brooklyn, where the Battle of Long Island was largely fought. Queens, like the rest of Long Island, remained under British occupation after the Battle of Long Island in 1776 and was occupied throughout most of the rest of the Revolutionary War. Under the Quartering Act, British soldiers used, as barracks, even though many local people were against unannounced quartering, sentiment throughout the county remained in favor of the British crown
3.
Siena College
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Siena College is an independent Roman Catholic liberal arts college in Loudonville, Albany County, New York, United States. Siena is a four-year, coeducational, independent college in the Franciscan tradition, founded by the Order of Friars Minor and it has 3,000 full-time students and offers undergraduate degrees in business, liberal arts, and sciences. The college was named after Saint Bernardino of Siena, a 15th-century Italian Franciscan friar, St. Bernardine of Siena Friary is located on campus. The current president of the college is Br. F. Edward Coughlin, O. F. M, as the 1930s were winding to a close, Fr. Thomas Plassmann, OFM, President of St. Bonaventure College in Western New York, the campus includes, Siena Hall The main college building, housing classrooms and administrator and faculty offices. The cupola at the top is used as the symbol of the college, appearing on the logo and most printed. J. Roger Bacon Hall Houses the School of Science offices and classrooms as well as the Computer Science, Psychology, Mathematics, morrell Science Center Attached to Roger Bacon Hall and built in 2001, it houses the chemistry, biochemistry and biology departments. Kiernan Hall Classrooms and faculty offices, notable for the design, the first floor consist of two sections separated by an outdoor walkway, with the second floor bridging the two sections. Foy Hall Home to the arts department, campus theatre. Marcelle Athletic Complex Athletic offices and facilities, when the first townhouses were proposed the Newtonville Homeowners Association unsuccessfully sued to block construction. Subsequent construction has not been controversial thanks to the board including the Newtonville Homeowners Association in the decision making process. A Friary provides housing for the Franciscan friars that are involved with the campus, students are involved in a number of wide, specific, academic related, recreational, leadership building, and diverse organizations and clubs or campus. There are currently 85 organizations on campus, each with their own campus, local, each organization has Executive Board positions which allows students to lead, develop, and set a plan of direction for their impact. The Siena College Student Senate serves as a liaison between faculty, administration, and students and it works to present and to interpret students’ attitudes, opinions, and rights to the teaching faculty and administration. The Senate is charged with the oversight of clubs and the distribution of the student activities fees, while Senate does not directly control college academic or social policies, it continues to work with a group of cooperative administrators to shape them in ways that will benefit the community. Both the Senate and the keep what is best for the students as their top priority. The Student Senate has an Executive Board including President, Vice President, Secretary, the rest of the Senate is Representatives, Hall and Town House Representatives, and Commuter Representatives. Student Senate is the body for all clubs and organizations on campus
4.
Fox News
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Fox News, officially known as the Fox News Channel, is an American basic cable and satellite news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. As of February 2015, approximately 94,700,000 American households receive the Fox News Channel, the channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, New York. The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who hired former Republican Party media consultant and it launched on October 7,1996, to 17 million cable subscribers. It grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become a dominant cable news network in the United States, Rupert Murdoch is the current chairman and acting CEO of Fox News. Fox News Channel has been accused of biased reporting and promoting the Republican Party, critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall. Fox News Channel employees have responded that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming, in July 1985, 20th Century Fox announced that Murdoch had completed his purchase of 50 percent of Fox Filmed Entertainment, the parent company of 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. A year later, 20th Century Fox earned $5.6 million in its third period ended May 31,1986. Prior to founding FNC, Murdoch had gained experience in the 24-hour news business when News Corporations BSkyB subsidiary began Europes first 24-hour news channel in the United Kingdom in 1989, in February 1996, after former U. S. Republican Party political strategist and NBC executive Roger Ailes left cable television channel Americas Talking, Ailes demanded five months of 14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before its launch on October 7,1996. At its debut 17 million households were able to watch FNC, however, it was absent from the markets of New York City. Rolling news coverage during the day consisted of 20-minute single-topic shows such as Fox on Crime or Fox on Politics, interviews featured facts at the bottom of the screen about the topic or the guest. The flagship newscast at the time was The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneiders fast-paced delivery of the news, during the evening, Fox featured opinion shows, The OReilly Report, The Crier Report and Hannity & Colmes. From the beginning, FNC has placed emphasis on visual presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and attention-getting, this helped the viewer to grasp the main points of what was being said, Fox News also created the Fox News Alert, which interrupted its regular programming when a breaking news story occurred. To accelerate its adoption by cable providers, Fox News paid systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the channel and this contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid stations carriage fees for programming. Time Warner selected MSNBC as the news channel, not Fox News. Fox News claimed that this violated an agreement, citing its agreement to keep its U. S. City officials threatened to take action affecting Time Warners cable franchises in the city, during the September 11,2001 attacks, Fox News was the first news organization to run a news ticker on the bottom of the screen to keep up with the flow of information that day
5.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
6.
Loudonville, New York
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Loudonville is a hamlet in the town of Colonie, in Albany County, New York, United States. Loudonville was a place in the 1970,1980, and 1990 US Census. The area is not precisely defined, in general, the area is known for the strict zoning regulations the town of Colonie has made that have prevented commercial development and tree-clearing. The hamlet is named after John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun and was originally a 19th-century summer resort for some of Albanys wealthiest residents, Loudon Road, known as Old Plank Road in the early 19th century, is lined with several historic Jeffersonian mansions. Loudonville started as a hamlet on Loudon Road, at the intersection of Crumitie Road, Irelands Corners was a separate hamlet to the north at the intersection of Loudon Road and Menand/Osborne Road, with a post office. Irelands Corners is named for Elias H. Ireland who in 1832 bought the heavily wooded area from the Patroon, in 1871 the post office at Irelands Corners was renamed Loudonville. The community is located north of Albany, New York. The hamlet is centered on the original Irelands Corners, the intersection of U. S. Route 9 with Osborne Road /Menand Road, though as a hamlet it has vague borders the census designated place of Loudonville had definite concrete borders. Siena College, A private Catholic college, the clubhouse, built in 1927, is modeled on the central portion of George Washingtons Mount Vernon home. Roger McNamee, venture capital and private equity investor, founder of Elevation Partners and Silver Lake Partners, henry Reed Rathbone, present at Lincolns assassination, lived on Cherry Tree Rd. Joan Vollmer, beatnik and common law wife of William S. Burroughs. James H. Fallon, American neuroscientist and author, watervliet, New York Town of Colonie U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Loudonville, New York
7.
WMAL (AM)
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WMAL — branded 105.9 FM & AM630 WMAL — is a commercial AM news/talk radio station licensed to Washington, D. C. and serving the Washington metro area. It operates with 10,000 watts in the daytime and 5,000 watts in the nighttime with studios in Northwest Washington and its transmitter in Bethesda, all programming is simulcast on co-owned WMAL-FM at 105.9 MHz. WMAL is owned and operated by Cumulus Media and is affiliated with the Westwood One Network and it is one of the oldest radio stations in the Washington Media market, continuously on the air from 1925. Weekday mornings on WMAL-AM-FM start with Breakfast on the Mall with hosts Brian Wilson, OConnor returns at 5 p. m. with a one-hour show called The Drive at Five. Chris Plante hosts a show heard on several other Cumulus stations. The rest of the day, nationally syndicated shows air from Rush Limbaugh, Michael Savage, Mark Levin, red Eye Radio is heard overnight. Weekends feature shows on money, health, law and gardening with repeats of weekday shows. Most weekday hours feature local news at the beginning of each hour, Westwood One News airs nights and weekends. Their original plan was to buy WCAP and convert it to a municipal station, by mid-1932, M. R. Baker had been appointed manager of the station, and Kenneth H. Berkeley was appointed station director of WMAL in 1933. While still owned by the Leese family, WMAL was eventually leased to the National Broadcasting Company in 1934, transmitting facilities continued to be located at 712 Eleventh Street NW. In the late months of 1937, the lease to NBC was terminated, NBC, however, continued to operate it under a managerial agreement executed in the fall of 1937. Norman Leese was President of WMAL’s licensee at this time, norman Leese remained President and K. H. Berkeley continued as General Manager of WMAL, the operating arrangement between NBC and the M. A. Leese Radio Corporation ended in February 1942. The station then reverted to the control of the Evening Star Broadcasting Company. Mr. Berkeley was also WMAL’s general manager, in October 1947, WMAL-TV signed on as the first high-band VHF television station in the United States. It became an ABC Network affiliate a year later and his replacement as general manager was Frederick S. Houwink. Also in 1954, John W. Thompson, Jr. replaced S. H, kauffman as president of Evening Star Broadcasting Co. Andrew Martin Ockershausen was appointed station manager of WMAL in 1960. In 1962, Fred Houwink became a company vice-president while continuing as WMAL’s general manager, in 1965 Houwink was named Vice President of Evening Star Broadcasting and Ockershausen was elevated to general manager of WMAL
8.
United States Capitol
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The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building or Capitol Hill, is the home of the United States Congress, and the seat of the legislative branch of the U. S. federal government. It sits atop Capitol Hill at the end of the National Mall in Washington. Though not at the center of the Federal District, the Capitol forms the origin point for the Districts street-numbering system. The original building was completed in 1800 and was subsequently expanded, like the principal buildings of the executive and judicial branches, the Capitol is built in a distinctive neoclassical style and has a white exterior. Both its east and west elevations are referred to as fronts, though only the east front was intended for the reception of visitors. In 2014, scaffolding was erected around the dome for a project scheduled to be completed by early 2017. All exterior scaffolding was removed by the end of summer 2016, prior to establishing the nations capital in Washington, D. C. the United States Congress and its predecessors had met in Philadelphia, New York City, and a number of other locations. In September 1774, the First Continental Congress brought together delegates from the colonies in Philadelphia, followed by the Second Continental Congress, Congress requested that John Dickinson, the Governor of Pennsylvania, call up the militia to defend Congress from attacks by the protesters. In what became known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, Dickinson sympathized with the protesters and refused to remove them from Philadelphia. As a result, Congress was forced to flee to Princeton, New Jersey, on June 21,1783, and met in Annapolis, Maryland, the United States Congress was established upon ratification of the United States Constitution and formally began on March 4,1789. New York City remained home to Congress until July 1790, when the Residence Act was passed to pave the way for a permanent capital. As part of the legislation, Philadelphia was chosen as a capital for ten years, until the nations capital in Washington. Pierre Charles LEnfant was given the task of creating the city plan for the new capital city, in reviewing LEnfants plan, Thomas Jefferson insisted the legislative building be called the Capitol rather than Congress House. The word Capitol comes from Latin and is associated with the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Capitoline Hill, the connection between the two is not, however, crystal clear. In spring 1792, United States Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson proposed a competition to solicit designs for the Capitol and the Presidents House. The prize for the competition was $500 and a lot in the Federal City, the most promising of the submissions was by Stephen Hallet, a trained French architect. However, Hallets designs were overly fancy, with too much French influence, a late entry by amateur architect William Thornton was submitted on January 31,1793, to much praise for its Grandeur, Simplicity, and Beauty by Washington, along with praise from Thomas Jefferson. Thornton was inspired by the east front of the Louvre, as well as the Paris Pantheon for the portion of the design
9.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
10.
Robert Novak
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Robert David Sanders Bob Novak was an American syndicated columnist, journalist, television personality, author, and conservative political commentator. After working for two newspapers before serving for the U. S. Army in the Korean War, he became a reporter for the Associated Press and then for The Wall Street Journal. He teamed up with Rowland Evans in 1963 to start Inside Report and they also started the Evans-Novak Political Report, a notable biweekly newsletter, in 1967. Novak and Evans played a significant role for CNN after the networks founding and he worked as a well-known television personality in programs such as Capital Gang, Crossfire, and Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields. He also wrote for other publications such as Readers Digest. On August 4,2008, Novak announced that he had been diagnosed with a tumor, that his prognosis was dire. He succumbed to the disease on August 18,2009, after having returned home to spend his last days with his family and his colleagues nicknamed Novak the Prince of Darkness, a description that he embraced and later used as a title for his autobiography. He started out with moderate or liberal views, but these shifted right-ward over time and he also broke several major stories in his career, and he played a role in media events such as the Plame affair. Novak converted to Catholicism in May 1998 after his wife, Geraldine and he had two children, a daughter and a son. Novak was born in Joliet, Illinois, the son of Jane Sanders and Maurice Novak and his paternal grandparents immigrated from Ukraine, and his mothers family was from Lithuania. Novaks parents were secular Jews who had little interaction with their local Jewish community, neighbors considered Novaks family to be Polish. Novak suffered from chronic bronchitis through his childhood, which led his mother to drive him to. Because of the constant family attention, his cousins mockingly called him Baby Jesus, Novak also loved to tease, offend, and shock his family from an early age, and he later compared himself to French rebel Bertran de Born. Novaks journalism career began when he was in school as a student-writer for the Joliet Herald-News, his hometown newspaper. After high school, he attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1948 to 1952 and his father had attended the college, and he later remarked that I was an Illini from birth. He became a brother of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity, at the time a mostly Jewish college fraternity, Novak would later use the groups secret handshake whenever he met fellow alumnus Wolf Blitzer. He continued gaining experience as a sports writer for the Daily Illini. After four years at the University, Novak left it to become a full-time journalist without a degree, Novak later described his academic achievements as very uneven
11.
James Carville
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Chester James Carville Jr. is an American political commentator and media personality who is a prominent figure in the Democratic Party. Carville gained national attention for his work as the lead strategist of the presidential campaign of then-Arkansas governor Bill Clinton. Carville was a co-host of CNNs Crossfire until its final broadcast in June 2005, since its cancellation, he has appeared on CNNs news program The Situation Room. As of 2009, he hosts a program on XM Radio titled 60/20 Sports with Luke Russert. He is married to Libertarian political consultant Mary Matalin, in 2009, he began teaching political science at Tulane University. In 2014, Carville joined Fox News Channel as a contributor, the town of Carville was named after his paternal grandfather, Louis Arthur Carville, the postmaster. Carville attended Ascension Catholic High School in Donaldsonville, Louisiana and he was born in Ireland in 1847 and his father, Alexander Carville, in 1810. He received his undergraduate and Juris Doctor degrees from Louisiana State University, during his undergraduate years at LSU, Carville was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity. Carville spent two years serving in the United States Marine Corps, achieving the rank of Corporal, before entering politics, Carville worked as a litigator at a Baton Rouge law firm from 1973 to 1979. Carville was trained in consulting by Gus Weill, who in 1958 had opened the first advertising firm which specialized in political campaigns in the capital in Baton Rouge. It was during Woffords campaign that the its the economy, stupid strategy used by Bill Clinton in 1992 was first implemented, in 1992, Carville helped lead Bill Clinton to a win against George H. W. Bush in the presidential election. In 1993, Carville was honored as Campaign District Manager of the Year by the American Association of Political Consultants and his role in the Clinton campaign was documented in the feature-length Academy Award-nominated film The War Room. After 1992 Carville stopped working on campaigns, stating that he would bring unneeded publicity. In 2002, Carville helped Bolivian Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada win the presidency in Bolivia and this was portrayed in the documentary Our Brand Is Crisis. In 2004, he was brought in for last-minute consulting on John Kerrys presidential campaign, in 2005, Carville taught a semester of the course Topics in American Politics at Northern Virginia Community College. In 2006, Carville switched gears from politics to sports and became a host on a show called 60/20 Sports on XM Satellite Radio with Luke Russert. The show is a look at the culture of sports based on the ages of the two hosts. In late November 2006, Carville proposed a truce of sorts, Carville is the executive producer of the 2006 film All the Kings Men, starring Sean Penn and Anthony Hopkins, which is loosely based on the life of Louisiana Governor Huey Long
12.
Katherine Harris
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Katherine Harris is a politician, elected in 1998 as Secretary of State of Florida and in 2002 to the United States House of Representatives from Florida. A Republican, Harris won the 2002 election to represent Floridas 13th congressional district, Harris lost her campaign in 2006 for a United States Senate seat from Florida. In 1994 Harris was noted for the most expensive campaign for the Florida Senate to date, Harris was born in Key West, Florida to one of the states wealthiest and most politically influential families. She is the daughter of Harriet and George W. Harris, Jr. who owned Citrus and Chemical Bank in Lakeland and her maternal grandfather was Ben Hill Griffin, Jr. a successful businessman in the citrus and cattle industries and a powerful figure in the state legislature. Shortly before his death in 1990, he was ranked as the 261st richest American on the Forbes 400 list, Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at the University of Florida is named for him. Harris extended family has been active in Christian evangelism and her grandfather was a Christian missionary in Africa, while her aunt and uncle were missionaries in India. They now head the Arab World Missions, Harris studied under Dr. Francis Schaeffer at a L’Abri Fellowship International center. Harris attended Greystone, an all-girls Christian camp at Asheville, North Carolina. She has said her faith is “the most important thing in my life. ”Harris was reared in the Presbyterian Church in America and she attends Calvary Chapel, a non-denominational charismatic church in Sarasota, Florida. Harris married Swedish businessman Sven Anders Axel Ebbeson in 1996 and has one stepdaughter, Sven Ebbeson committed suicide in November 2013. Harris graduated from Bartow High School in Bartow, Florida, in 1975 and she attended the University of Madrid in 1978. Harris received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia and she studied under Christian theologian Francis Schaeffer at the LAbri community in Huemoz, Switzerland, near Lausanne. While in college she worked as an intern for U. S, before entering politics, Harris worked as a marketing executive at IBM and a vice president of a commercial real estate firm. Nearly two decades after graduation, Harris earned a mid-career M. P. A. from Harvard Universitys Kennedy School of Government in 1997 with a concentration in international trade. She ran for the Florida Senate in 1994 in one of the most expensive state races in Florida history to date, Harriss political career was guided by Dan Berger, Adam Goodman, and Benjamin McKay, along with her campaign manager, David Lapides. Harris played a prominent role in introducing William Griffin, the CEO of Riscorp, in the 1994 state senate election, Sarasota-based Riscorp, Inc. made illegal contributions totaling $400,000 to dozens of political candidates and committees, including $20,600 to the Harris campaign. This issue later emerged during her campaign for Florida Secretary of State in 1998, William Griffin eventually pleaded guilty to illegal campaign donations, among allegations of other serious wrongdoing at Riscorp, and served prison time in 1998. The election of Republican Jeb Bush as governor of Florida is considered to have been a factor in stopping further state investigation into the Riscorp scandal
13.
United States Senate elections, 2006
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The United States Senate elections,2006 were held on November 7,2006, with all 33 Class 1 Senate seats being contested. The term of office for those elected in 2006 ran from January 3,2007, prior to the election, the Republican Party controlled 55 of the 100 Senate seats. Democrats kept their two seats in Minnesota and Maryland, and Republicans held onto their lone open seat in Tennessee. In Vermont, Bernie Sanders, an independent, was elected to the left open by independent Senator Jim Jeffords. In the 2006 election, two new female Senators were elected to seats held by men. This brought the number of female senators to an all-time high of 16. Following the elections, no party held a majority of seats for the first time since January 1995, however, the Democrats were able to control the chamber because independents Bernie Sanders and Joe Lieberman chose to caucus with the Democrats. The Democrats needed at least 51 seats to control the Senate because Vice President Dick Cheney would have broken any 50–50 tie in favor of the Republicans, summary of the November 7,2006, United States Senate election results ID The Independents joined with the Democrats in their caucus. Sources, Dave Leips Atlas of U. S, Elections United States Elections Project at George Mason University Wealthy real estate developer Jim Pederson declared his intention to challenge Senator Jon Kyl of Arizona on September 14,2005. Pederson served as Arizona Democratic Party Chairman from 2001 to 2005 while spending millions of his own money to help Democrats modernize, Kyl got an unexpected boost when TIME listed him as one of the Ten Best Senators. While polling in October showed Pederson catching up, Kyl was re-elected 53%-44%, Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut was originally thought to be a shoo-in, but his reelection prospects were complicated by political cross-currents. Lamont defeated Lieberman for the Democratic nomination in the August 8 primary 52%-48% and he also filed to create a new independent party, Connecticut for Lieberman. Challenging Lamont and Lieberman in the election was Republican Alan Schlesinger, former mayor of Derby. Schlesinger had a history of winning crossover Democratic voters, but he had never run in a large constituency, Schlesinger was embarrassed when it was revealed that he was thrown out of a casino for counting cards under an assumed name. Lieberman went on to win the election with 50% of the vote to Lamonts 40%, Schlesinger trailed far behind with only 10%, in part due to Lieberman receiving support from only 33% of Democrats but a commanding 70% of Republicans. While Lieberman won as the CFL nominee, he decided to serve as an Independent Democrat in the current Congress, Senator Paul Sarbanes announced on March 11,2005, that he would retire rather than run for re-election in 2006. Sarbanes seat had been considered safe, considering Marylands Democratic voting tendencies, Representative Ben Cardin bested former Representative and NAACP President Kweisi Mfume and others in the Democratic primary. Lieutenant Governor Michael S. Steele, a Republican, announced his candidacy on October 25,2005, on November 7, Cardin was victorious over Steele by a vote of 54%-44%
14.
CNN
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The Cable News Network is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. It was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel, upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage, and was the first all-news television channel in the United States. While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from the Time Warner Center in New York City and its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U. S. to distinguish the American channel from its sister network. As of August 2010, CNN is available in over 100 million U. S. households, broadcast coverage of the U. S. channel extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, as well as carriage on cable and satellite providers throughout Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories, as of February 2015, CNN is available to about 96,289,000 cable, satellite, and telco television households in the United States. The Cable News Network was launched at 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time on June 1,1980, after an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channels first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the vice president of CNN at its launch, hired most of the channels first 200 employees, including the networks first news anchor. Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite providers, several websites. The company has 36 bureaus, more than 900 affiliated local stations, the channels success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warners eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1,1982, on January 28,1986, CNN carried the only live television coverage of the launch and subsequent break-up of Space Shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members on board. On October 14,1987, Jessica McClure, an 18-month-old toddler, fell down a well in Midland, CNN quickly reported on the story, and the event helped make its name. This was before correspondents reported live from the capital while American bombs were falling. Before Saddam Hussein held a press conference with a few of the hundreds of Americans he was holding hostage. Before the nation watched, riveted but powerless, as Los Angeles was looted and burned, before O. J. Simpson took a slow ride in a white Bronco, and before everyone close to his case had an agent and a book contract. This was uncharted territory just a time ago. The moment when bombing began was announced on CNN by Bernard Shaw on January 16,1991, as follows, lets describe to our viewers what were seeing. The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated, were seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky
15.
Rush Limbaugh
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Rush Hudson Limbaugh III is an American entertainer, radio talk show host, writer, and conservative political commentator. Since he was 16, Limbaugh has worked a series of disc jockey jobs and his talk show began in 1984 at Sacramento, California radio station KFBK, featuring his ongoing format of political commentary and listener calls. In 1988, Limbaugh began broadcasting his show nationally from radio station WABC in New York City, and he currently resides in Palm Beach, Florida, where he broadcasts The Rush Limbaugh Show. According to December 2015 estimates by Talkers Magazine, Rush Limbaugh has a cume of around 13.25 million unique listeners, in the 1990s, Limbaughs books The Way Things Ought to Be and See, I Told You So made The New York Times Best Seller list. In his books and on his show, Limbaugh frequently criticizes what he regards as liberal policies and politicians, Limbaugh is among the highest paid people in U. S. media, signing a contract in 2008 for $400 million through 2016. In 2015, Forbes listed his earnings at $79 million for the previous 12 months and his most recent contract, signed on July 31,2016, will take his radio program to 2020, its 32nd year. Rush Hudson Limbaugh III was born in Cape Girardeau, Missouri and his father was a lawyer and a U. S. fighter pilot who served in the China Burma India Theater of World War II. His mother was a native of Searcy, Arkansas, the name Rush was originally chosen for his grandfather to honor the maiden name of family member Edna Rush. Limbaugh is of part German ancestry and his family has many lawyers, including his grandfather, father and brother David. His uncle, Stephen N. Limbaugh, Sr. is a judge in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. His cousin, Stephen N. Limbaugh, Jr. is currently a judge in the same court, the Federal Courthouse in Cape Girardeau is named for Limbaughs grandfather Rush. Limbaugh began his career in radio as a teenager in 1967 in his hometown of Cape Girardeau, Limbaugh graduated from Cape Girardeau, Missouri Central High School in 1969. Because of his parents desire to see him attend college, he enrolled in Southeast Missouri State University, According to his mother, he flunked everything, and he just didnt seem interested in anything except radio. Limbaughs biographer states that a part of his life has been dedicated to gaining his fathers respect. After dropping out of college, Limbaugh moved to McKeesport, Pennsylvania, in 1972, he became a Top 40 music disc jockey on WIXZ, a small AM radio station that reached much of the Pittsburgh area. He started with a show and later did mornings, broadcasting under the name Jeff Christie. Limbaugh moved to Pittsburgh station KQV in 1973 as the disc jockey. He was fired in late-1974, when the station was sold to Taft Broadcasting, Limbaugh was reportedly told by management that he would never make it as on-air talent, and should consider going into sales
16.
Las Vegas Valley
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The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area located in the southern part of the U. S. state of Nevada. The largest urban agglomeration in the state, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, the Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a 600 sq mi basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area. The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada, Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas, six unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada. Since the 1990s the Las Vegas Valley has seen exponential growth, in 2014, a record breaking 41 million visited the Las Vegas area, producing a gross metropolitan product of more than $100 billion. The first reported non-Native American visitor to the Las Vegas Valley was the Mexican scout Rafael Rivera in 1829. Las Vegas was named by Mexicans in the Antonio Armijo party, including Rivera, in the 19th century, areas of the valley contained artesian wells that supported extensive green areas, or meadows, hence the name Las Vegas. The area was settled by Mormon farmers in 1854 and later became the site of a United States Army fort in 1864. Since the 1930s, Las Vegas has generally been identified as a center as well as a resort destination. Nellis Air Force Base is located in the northeast corner of the valley, the ranges that the Nellis pilots use and various other land areas used by various federal agencies, limit growth of the valley in terms of geographic area. Businessman Howard Hughes arrived in the late 1960s and purchased many casino hotels, as well as television, legitimate corporations began to purchase casino hotels as well, and the mob was run out by the federal government over the next several years. The constant stream of tourist dollars from the hotels and casinos was augmented by a new source of money from the establishment of what is now Nellis Air Force Base. The influx of personnel and casino job-hunters helped start a land building boom which is now leveling off. The Las Vegas area remains one of the top entertainment destinations. The valley is contained in the Las Vegas Valley landform and this includes the cities of Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, and Henderson, and the unincorporated towns of Paradise, Spring Valley, Sunrise Manor, Enterprise, Winchester, and Whitney. The valley is located within the larger metropolitan area, as the metropolitan area covers all of Clark County -including parts that do not fall within the valley. The government of Clark County has an Urban Planning Area of Las Vegas and this definition is a roughly rectangular area, about 20 mi from east to west and 30 miles from north to south. Notable exclusions from the Urban Planning Area include Red Rock, Blue Diamond, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department is the largest police department in the valley and the state and exercises jurisdiction in the entire county. The department does not exercise jurisdiction in areas with separate police forces such as North Las Vegas, Henderson, Boulder City, Nellis Air Force Base
17.
Downtown Las Vegas
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Downtown Las Vegas is the central business district and historic center of Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the townsite and was the gambling district of Las Vegas prior to the Strip. Downtown is located in the center of the Las Vegas Valley and just north of the Las Vegas Strip, centered on Fremont Street, the Fremont Street Experience and Fremont East. The city defines the area as bounded by I-15 on the west, Washington Avenue on the north, Maryland Parkway on the east, perhaps the earliest visitors to the Las Vegas area were nomadic Paleo-Indians, who traveled here 10,000 years ago, leaving behind petroglyphs. Anasazi and Paiute tribes came here at least 2,000 years ago, the area was named Las Vegas, which is Spanish for the meadows, in the 1800s because it featured abundant wild grasses, as well as desert spring waters for westward travelers. The year 1844 marked the arrival of John C, frémont, whose writings helped lure pioneers to the area. Downtown Las Vegas’ Fremont Street is named after him, eleven years later, members of the LDS Church chose Las Vegas as the site to build a fort halfway between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, where they would travel to gather supplies. The fort was abandoned several years afterward, the remainder of this fort can still be seen at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Washington Avenue at the Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park. Las Vegas was founded as a city in 1905, when 110 acres of adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned in what would become the downtown area. In 1911, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city, the year 1931 was a pivotal one for Las Vegas. At that time, Nevada legalized casino gambling and reduced residency requirements for divorce to six weeks and this year also witnessed the beginning of construction on nearby Hoover Dam. The influx of workers and their families helped Las Vegas avoid economic calamity during the Great Depression. Following World War II, lavishly decorated hotels, gambling casinos, the 1950s saw the opening of the Moulin Rouge Hotel, the first racially integrated casino-hotel in Las Vegas. In 1951, the first atomic bomb detonation at the Nevada Test Site,65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, City residents and visitors were able to witness the mushroom clouds until 1963, when the Limited Test Ban Treaty required that nuclear tests be moved underground. During the 1960s, corporations and business such as Howard Hughes were building and buying hotel-casino properties. Gambling was referred to as gaming, which transitioned into legitimate business, in 1989, entrepreneur Steve Wynn changed the face of the Las Vegas gaming industry by opening up The Mirage, the Las Vegas Strip’s first mega-casino resort. This strengthened the pull of visitors away from the downtown area, in 1995, the Fremont Street Experience in Las Vegas’ downtown area was opened. This canopied, five-block area features 12.5 million LED lights and 550,000 watts of sound from dusk until midnight during shows held on the top of each hour
18.
Las Vegas courthouse shooting
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The 2010 Las Vegas courthouse shooting was an attack on January 4,2010, in which a gunman opened fire in the lobby of the Lloyd D. George Federal District Courthouse in Las Vegas, Nevada. Two people were killed in the attack, including the gunman, who was identified by authorities as Johnny Lee Wicks, stanley W. Cooper, a 72-year-old court security officer, was also killed after a shotgun blast struck him in the chest. Marshal named Richard Gardner was shot in the arm, chest, and head, with a total of eight pieces of buckshot entering his body, and hospitalized at the University Medical Center. Seven federal marshals returned fire and chased the shooter from the courthouse, as he fled, Wicks was shot in the head and died on the sidewalk in front of the Fifth Street School, a historic school that had been converted into office building. Witnesses said about 20 shots were fired over several minutes, authorities said Wicks was the only gunman involved in the shooting. Wicks had filed a complaint against the Social Security Administration in 2008 regarding a reduction to his benefit, after Wicks relocated from California to a Las Vegas retirement home, his Social Security benefit was reduced by $317. Social Security Administration attorneys claimed the payments were reduced because, as a Nevada resident, however, in his complaint, Wicks claimed the reduction was because he was an African American, although he cited no evidence to support the claim. Wicks wrote, Its all about race, Wicks failed to follow the Social Security systems appeals process, and a judge threw out the case in September 2009. The nine-floor courthouse hosted offices for U. S, senators Harry Reid and John Ensign. Neither senator received any credible threats before the shooting, shortly after the shooting, a man named Nicholas Gramenos recorded a video from few blocks away during the shooting. The clip was posted on the video-sharing site YouTube under his usernname, several gunshots can be heard in the video, but the shooting itself was not visible. Hours after the shooting, some television stations falsely reported multiple gunmen were still at large. Several media outlets reported conflicting, erroneous information in the immediately following the shooting. The Associated Press first reported at least two federal marshals were shot, and the Las Vegas Sun reported two or three federal marshals were wounded, the Las Vegas Review-Journal initially reported two FBI agents were shot. In the immediate aftermath, the Christian Science Monitor opined that this shooting highlights rising threats, the United States House of Representatives honored the heroic actions of the officers who responded to the shooting incident, naming specifically Officer Cooper and Deputy Marshall Gardner, in H. Res. 1242, sponsored by Congressman Hank Johnson, the UGSOA International Union honors Officer Cooper on their in memoriam web page of Fallen Officers. According to the Center for American Progress, this shooting was the incident in a series of shootings in Nevada from 2010 to 2013 that highlighted the need for universal background checks. Over three years after the incident, United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid invoked the memory of the shooting in support of gun control
19.
United States Marshals Service
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The United States Marshals Service is a federal law enforcement agency within the U. S. Department of Justice. It is the oldest American federal law enforcement agency, which was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789 during the presidency of George Washington, the Marshals Service is attached to the Judicial branch of government, and is the enforcement arm of the federal courts. It is the agency for fugitive operations, responsible for prisoner transport, the protection of officers of the court. The Marshals Service operates the Witness Protection Program, and serves federal level arrest warrants, the office of United States Marshal was created by the First Congress. President George Washington signed the Judiciary Act into law on September 24,1789, the Act provided that the United States Marshals primary function was to execute all lawful warrants issued to him under the authority of the United States. The critical Supreme Court decision, affirming the authority of the federal marshals, was made in In re Neagle 135 U. S.1. For over 100 years marshals were patronage jobs, typically controlled by the district judge and they were paid primarily by fees until a salary system was set up in 1896. Many of the first US Marshals had already proven themselves in service during the American Revolution. From the nations earliest days, marshals were permitted to recruit special deputies as local hires, Marshals were also authorized to swear in a posse to assist with manhunts, and other duties, ad hoc. Marshals were given authority to support the federal courts within their judicial districts. Federal marshals were by far the most important government officials in territorial jurisdictions, local law enforcement officials were often called marshals so there is often an ambiguity whether someone was a federal or a local official. Federal marshals are most famous for their law enforcement work, the largest part of the business was paper work—serving writs, and other process issued by the courts, made all the arrests, and handled all federal prisoners. They also disbursed funds as ordered by the courts, Marshals paid the fees and expenses of the court clerks, U. S. Attorneys, jurors, and witnesses. They rented the courtrooms and jail space, and hired the bailiffs, criers and they made sure the prisoners were present, the jurors were available, and that the witnesses were on time. The marshals thus provided local representation for the government within their districts. They took the census every decade through 1870. During the settlement of the American Frontier, marshals served as the source of day-to-day law enforcement in areas that had no local government of their own. U. S. Marshals were instrumental in keeping law and order in the Old West era, Bill Tilghman, Heck Thomas, and Chris Madsen formed a legendary law enforcement trio known as The Three Guardsmen when they worked together policing the vast, lawless Oklahoma and Indian Territories
20.
Everett Dirksen
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Everett McKinley Dirksen was an American politician of the Republican Party. He represented Illinois in the House of Representatives and the Senate, Dirksen, a conservative, was one of the Senates strongest supporters of the Vietnam War and was also known as The Wizard of Ooze because of his flamboyant oratorical style. Dirksen was born in Pekin, Illinois, a city near Peoria. He was the son of German immigrants Johann Friedrich Dirksen and his wife Antje Conrady, Everett had a fraternal twin, Thomas Dirksen, and a brother named Benjamin Harrison, a nod to the Republican leanings of his father. The boys father died when the twins were nine years old, Dirksen grew up on a farm on Pekins outskirts, in a section called Beantown because immigrants grew beans instead of flowers. After attending the schools, he entered the University of Minnesota Law School. He served as a lieutenant in a field artillery battery. He was a member of the Reformed Church in America, founded in the 18th century by Dutch immigrants, after the war, Dirksen invested money in an electric washing machine business, but it failed. He joined his brothers in running a bakery and he expressed his artistic side by writing a number of unpublished short stories, as well as plays with former classmate Hubert Ropp. In addition, Dirksen was active in the American Legion, and his political career began in 1926, when he was elected to the nonpartisan Pekin City Council. He placed first in field of eight candidates vying for four seats, at the time, the top votegetter also received appointment as the citys commissioner of accounts and finance, and Dirksen held both posts from 1927 to 1931. Dirksen was a Freemason and was a member of Pekin Lodge #29 in Pekin, in 1954, he was Grand Orator of the Grand Lodge of Illinois. He was honored with the 33rd degree in 1954, after losing in the 1930 Republican primary, Dirksen won the nomination and the congressional seat in 1932 and was re-elected seven times. His support for many New Deal programs marked him as a moderate, Dirksen was able to secure the passage of an amendment to the Lend Lease Act by introducing a resolution while 65 of the Houses Democrats were at a luncheon. It provided that the Senate and the House could, by a majority in a concurrent resolution. Dirksen studied law privately in Washington, D. C. after he was elected and he was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1936 and the bar of Illinois in 1937. In December 1943, Dirksen announced that he would be a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in 1944 and he stated that a coalition of midwestern Republican representatives had urged him to run and that his campaign was serious. Dirksens presidential campaign was still alive on the eve of the 1944 convention
21.
National Press Foundation
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The National Press Foundation is an American journalism organization focused on educational programs for journalists and issuing awards for accomplishment. All programs are free for accepted fellows with expenses covered, all awards carry cash awards, the National Press Foundation is affiliated with the Council of National Journalism Organizations. The NPF was incorporated in the District of Columbia on August 5,1975, the NPF focused its activities over time. By 1995 it limited itself to organizing educational programs for journalists, past presidents of NPF were Robert Alden, Frank Aukofer, Joseph Slevin, David Yount, and Bob Meyers, all former journalists. The National Press Foundation conducts programs in Washington, D. C. around the U. S. in other countries, by 2013 NPF was conducting 35–50 days of programming annually, including webinars. Programs are specifically designed to help increase their knowledge and skills in specific areas. The Paul Miller Washington Reporting Fellowship provides nine days of programs annually for new to Washington DC. Four-day long programs are keyed issues such as cancer or retirement, capitol Hill Issues Briefings look at legislation being considered by the House or the Senate, webinars provide information and access to journalists outside Washington. Other programs are developed in response to events, such as a one-day program on the 25th anniversary of the publication of the first paper on what is now called HIV. NPF’s programs for journalists are organized under the title of Journalist to Journalist. These programs were held in Barcelona, Bangkok, Toronto, Mexico City, in 2007 NPF began conducted the same kind of training program prior to the smaller, and more scientifically-based, AIDS conferences held in Sydney and Rome. NPF has also collaborated with the AIDS Vaccine Alliance on small, highly technical programs, in Paris, Atlanta, in 2011 the program was held in Cancun, then in Berlin, then Paris. NPF adds a Train the Trainer component to its international programs, NPF webinars cover content-oriented topics as well as skills sessions. Topics have included violence against women, the U. S. farm bill, understanding risk, skills training webinars have included sessions on using new Google tools, Twitter for journalists, finding stories in the U. S. Census, redistricting, and understanding vaccines. NPF puts all resources on its website and uses as appropriate channels on YouTube, of original and particular note within its resources is the Washington Beat Book, a detailed look at the agencies and organizations within Washington, written by and for journalists. The resources include video, audio, graphics and all forms of resources. NPF awards are made by a vote of individual committees, ratified by the board of directors and it funds certain activities through endowment gifts, and uses the net proceeds from its annual awards dinner for day-to-day activities. NPF is governed by a board of journalists and business executives
22.
Jeb Bush
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John Ellis Jeb Bush Sr. is an American businessman and politician who served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. Bush, who grew up in Houston, is the son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush. He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and attended the University of Texas, in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development, and in 1986 became Floridas Secretary of Commerce until 1988. At that time, he joined his fathers campaign for the Presidency. In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two points to the incumbent, Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote and he ran for reelection in 2002, defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent, to become Floridas first two-term Republican governor. Bush announced his candidacy on June 15,2015. He suspended his campaign on February 20,2016, shortly after the South Carolina primary, Bush later made headlines by joining a group of Republicans who opposed the GOP nominee for President, Donald Trump. Jeb Bush was born on February 11,1953 in Midland, when he was six years old, the family relocated to the Tanglewood neighborhood of Houston, Texas. The nickname Jeb is composed of his initials J. E. B and he grew up with two younger brothers, Neil and Marvin, one younger sister, Dorothy, and one older brother, George, who is seven years older. Jeb Bush initially attended Grady Elementary School in Houston, Bush completed ninth grade in Houston, but was advised to repeat it at Andover, and was nearly expelled due to poor grades. Bush recreationally used marijuana, hashish, and cigarettes during his school years, although he made the honor roll by the end of his senior year. While in Mexico, he met his wife, Columba Garnica Gallo. Bush, who had largely avoided criticizing or supporting the Vietnam War, registered for the draft after his graduation from high school in 1971. In the fourth and final lottery drawing, on February 2,1972, for men born in 1953 and to be inducted during 1973. But no new orders were issued after 1972, because the U. S. changed to an all-volunteer military beginning in 1973. Though many in his family had attended Yale University, Bush chose to attend the University of Texas at Austin and he played on the Texas Longhorns varsity tennis team in 1973. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude from the University of Texas at Austin with a B. A. in Latin American studies and he completed his coursework in two and a half years
23.
Terri Schiavo case
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The Terri Schiavo case was a right-to-die legal case in the United States from 1990 to 2005, involving Theresa Marie Terri Schiavo, a woman in an irreversible persistent vegetative state. Schiavos husband and legal guardian argued that Schiavo would not have wanted prolonged artificial life support without the prospect of recovery, Schiavos parents argued in favor of continuing artificial nutrition and hydration and challenged Schiavos medical diagnosis. Schiavo had a cardiac arrest in her St. Petersburg, Florida and she was resuscitated, but had massive brain damage due to lack of oxygen to her brain and was left comatose. After two and a half months without improvement, her diagnosis was changed to that of a persistent vegetative state, for the next two years, doctors attempted speech and physical therapy and other experimental therapy, hoping to return her to a state of awareness, without success. In 1998, Schiavos husband, Michael, petitioned the Sixth Circuit Court of Florida to remove her feeding tube pursuant to Florida law and he was opposed by Terris parents, Robert and Mary Schindler, who argued that she was conscious. On February 25,2005, a Pinellas County judge again ordered the removal of Terri Schiavos feeding tube. Several appeals and federal government intervention followed, which included U. S. President George W. Bush returning to Washington D. C. to sign legislation designed to keep her alive. S. Congress, and President George W. Bush, and four denials of certiorari from the Supreme Court of the United States, the case also spurred highly visible activism from the pro-life movement, the right-to-die movement, and disability rights groups. Since Schiavos death, both her husband and her family have written books on their sides of the case, Terri Schiavo was born Theresa Marie Schindler on December 3,1963, in Lower Moreland Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. Overweight throughout her childhood, as a teenager Terri stood 53 tall and she attended Brebeuf Jesuit High School. Through dieting she had lost 65 pounds by the time she attended college and she attended Bucks County Community College, where she met Michael Schiavo in 1982. The two began dating and were married on November 10,1984 and they moved to Florida in 1986, following Terris parents. Michael worked as a restaurant manager, while Terri took up a job with an insurance company. In the early morning of February 25,1990, Terri Schiavo collapsed in a hallway of her St. Petersburg, firefighters and paramedics, arriving in response to her husband Michaels 9-1-1 call, found her face-down and unconscious. She was not breathing and had no pulse and they attempted to resuscitate her and she was transported to the Humana Northside Hospital. Paramedics had her intubated and ventilated, upon admission to the hospital, she was noted as suffering from hypokalemia, her serum potassium level was an abnormally low 2.0 mEq/L. Her sodium and calcium levels were normal, electrolyte imbalance is often caused by drinking excessive fluids. A serious consequence of hypokalemia can be heart rhythm abnormalities, including sudden death syndrome
24.
White House Correspondents' Association
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The White House Correspondents Association is an organization of journalists who cover the White House and the President of the United States. The WHCA operates independently of the White House, among the more notable issues handled by the WHCA are the credentialing process, access to the President and physical conditions in the White House press briefing rooms. Its most high-profile activity is the annual White House Correspondents Dinner, brady Press Briefing Room in the West Wing of the White House. The WHCAs annual dinner, begun in 1921, has become a Washington, D. C. tradition and is attended by the president. Fifteen presidents have attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924, the dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton. Until 1962, the dinner was open only to men, even though WHCAs membership included women, at the urging of Helen Thomas, President John F. Kennedy refused to attend the dinner unless the ban on women was dropped. Prior to World War II, the annual dinner featured singing between courses, a movie, and an hour-long, post-dinner show with big-name performers. Since 1983, however, the speaker has usually been a comedian, with the dinner taking on the form of a roast of the president. The dinner is a benefit for gifted students in college journalism programs. Many annual dinners were cancelled or downsized due to deaths or political crises, in 1981, Ronald Reagan did not attend because he was recuperating after the attempted assassination on his life the previous month. The WHCD has been criticized as an example of the coziness between the White House press corps and the administration. The dinner typically includes a skit, either live or videotaped, by the president in which he mocks himself. The press corps, in turn, hobnobs with administration officials, increasing scrutiny by bloggers has contributed to added public focus on this friendliness. After the 2007 dinner, New York Times columnist Frank Rich implied that the Times will no longer participate in the dinners, in recent years, the dinners have drawn increasing public attention, and the guest list grows more Hollywood. This has led to an atmosphere of coming to the event only to see and this usually takes place at pre-dinner receptions and post-dinner parties hosted by various media organizations, which are often a bigger draw and can be more exclusive than the dinners themselves. Awarded for outstanding examples of deadline reporting, awarded for excellence on a story of national or regional significance. Gridiron Club List of dining events National Press Club Parliamentary Press Gallery Radio and Television Correspondents Association Alfred E
25.
Las Vegas
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The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment and it is the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World and it is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world. Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the worlds most visited tourist destinations. The citys tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, it was the most populated American city founded within that century, population growth has accelerated since the 1960s, and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled, increasing by 85. 2%. Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century, and according to a 2013 estimate, perhaps the earliest visitors to the Las Vegas area were nomadic Paleo-Indians, who traveled there 10,000 years ago, leaving behind petroglyphs. Anasazi and Paiute tribes followed at least 2,000 years ago, a young Mexican scout named Rafael Rivera is credited as the first non-Native American to encounter the valley, in 1829. Trader Antonio Armijo led a 60-man party along the Spanish Trail to Los Angeles, the area was named Las Vegas, which is Spanish for the meadows, as it featured abundant wild grasses, as well as desert spring waters for westward travelers. The year 1844 marked the arrival of John C, frémont, whose writings helped lure pioneers to the area. Downtown Las Vegas Fremont Street is named after him, eleven years later members of the LDS Church chose Las Vegas as the site to build a fort halfway between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, where they would travel to gather supplies. The fort was abandoned several years afterward, the remainder of this Old Mormon Fort can still be seen at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Washington Avenue. Las Vegas was founded as a city in 1905, when 110 acres of adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned in what would become the downtown area. In 1911, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city,1931 was a pivotal year for Las Vegas. At that time, Nevada legalized casino gambling and reduced residency requirements for divorce to six weeks and this year also witnessed the beginning of construction on nearby Hoover Dam. The influx of workers and their families helped Las Vegas avoid economic calamity during the Great Depression. The construction work was completed in 1935, in 1941, the Las Vegas Army Air Corps Gunnery School was established. Currently known as Nellis Air Force Base, it is home to the team called the Thunderbirds
26.
Wynn Las Vegas
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Wynn Las Vegas, often simply referred to as Wynn, is a luxury resort and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The US$2. 7-billion resort is named after casino developer Steve Wynn and is the property of Wynn Resorts. It is located at the northeast corner of Las Vegas Boulevard and Sands Avenue, the 614-foot -high hotel has 49 floors, with the 2,716 rooms ranging in size from 640 sq ft to villas at 7,000 sq ft. The complex also includes a 111,000 sq ft casino, together with the adjacent Encore, the entire Wynn resort complex has a total of 4,750 rooms, making it the worlds seventh-largest hotel. The resort has earned AAA five diamond, Mobil five-star, Forbes five-star, Michelin five star, hotel ratings, as well as one Michelin star for its restaurant Wing Lei. It is considered to be one of the finest hotels in the world, Wynn Las Vegas and its sister property Encore Las Vegas collectively hold more Forbes five-star awards than any other resort and casino in the world. Wynn Las Vegas also made Forbes Award history by earning five-star ratings in every category—Hotel, Restaurant and it has held the distinction of winning the award in the hotel sector every year since 2007. The building is the first high-rise to be cleaned by a window washing system. The resort is named to the Condé Nast Traveller Gold List as one of the Top Hotels in the World, Steve Wynn first revealed plans of a 49-story,2, 455-room, and 514-foot resort and four-acre lake in August 2001. The project did not have a name and would be built on the site of the Desert Inn. The projects name was revealed on October 19,2001, as Le Rêve, to make way for the resort, the Desert Inns main tower was imploded on October 23,2001. The rest of the Desert Inn was imploded on November 17,2004, the project included the redesigning of the historic Desert Inn golf course, which was renamed the Wynn Golf Club. The remainder of the property was acquired by purchasing private residences that were located along Paradise Avenue. While some owners sold early on, others held out and this resulted in numerous legal actions between the various parties. In the end, the site acquired totaled 215 acres, in June 2002, Steve Wynn filed for an IPO to help fund the project. Wynn hired Marnell Corrao Associates to design and build the resort, the resort was built at a cost of $2.7 billion, which made it the largest privately funded construction project in the nation. The name of the resort was changed from Le Rêve to Wynn Las Vegas on June 23,2003, early advertising for the resort featured exterior images of the hotel tower, with Wynn standing on the roof, just above his signature logo. The initial commercial aired in local markets during the 2005 Super Bowl, a teaser website for the resort included both the commercial and a making-of video
27.
Oscar Goodman
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Oscar Baylin Goodman is an American attorney and politician. He was the mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada from 1999 to 2011, Goodman is an Independent and a former member of the Democratic Party. Goodman was born and raised in Philadelphia, after attending Central High School for a time, he graduated from The Haverford School, Haverford College and received his law degree from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He and his wife Carolyn have four children, one of his notorious clients was reputed Chicago mobster Anthony Tony the Ant Spilotro, who was known to have a short and violent temper. In the semi-factual 1995 movie Casino, the character of Nicky Santoro was based on Spilotro and was portrayed by actor Joe Pesci. Goodman had an appearance in the film as himself while defending Ace Rothstein. Goodman also represented former San Diego Mayor Roger Hedgecock, who was convicted of accepting illegal campaign contributions, Hedgecock was later cleared of all charges on appeal. In 1980-81, he served as president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Goodman was a senior partner in the law firm of Goodman & Chesnoff. Goodman currently serves as Of Counsel to Goodman Law Group, a Las Vegas law firm formed by his son, Ross C. Goodman was elected mayor of Las Vegas on June 8,1999, receiving 32,765 votes while his opponent, then-Las Vegas City Councilman Arnie Adamsen, Goodman was re-elected to a second four-year term in 2003, defeating five opponents and receiving 29,356 of the votes. On April 3,2007, he was re-elected to a third and final term with 26,845 votes, Las Vegas law prevents the mayor, who has been called the towns most popular mayor, from serving more than three terms. Goodman was a member of the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority before being elected mayor, Goodman appears as himself in the 1995 Martin Scorsese film Casino. Later on, he made brief appearance in the film Looney Tunes. On June 8,1999, he was elected mayor of Las Vegas, on June 28,1999, Goodman was the first mayor of Las Vegas to have his image placed on $5 and $25 casino chips issued by a Las Vegas casino. The two chips were issued by the Four Queens Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas, in 2006, the Four Queens put out a $200 Silver Strike with the likeness of Oscar on it. In 2000, a doll was issued as a promotion during a Las Vegas 51s baseball game. Mayor Goodman was a celebrity photographer for the Playboy Cyber Club. He shot a pictorial of Miss January 2001 Irina Voronina for the website
28.
Encore Las Vegas
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Encore Las Vegas is a luxury resort, casino and hotel located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The resort is connected to its resort, Wynn Las Vegas. Encore has been awarded the AAA Five Diamond Award every year since opening, the Towers Suites at Encore and The Spa have both received the Forbes five-star award. Together with adjacent Wynn Las Vegas, the entire Wynn complex has a total of 4,750 rooms, on April 28,2006, Wynn Las Vegas celebrated its one-year anniversary by breaking ground on a second hotel tower. Initially named the Encore Suites at Wynn Las Vegas, the 2, 034-room hotel project cost $2.3 billion and was sited adjacent to the existing resort and on the remaining frontage of Las Vegas Boulevard. Originally envisioned as an expansion of Wynn Las Vegas, Encore Las Vegas quickly became a full-scale resort, the resort was estimated to add 5,300 jobs to the Las Vegas area. After 2½ years of construction, the resort opened to the public at 8,00 pm on December 22,2008. Due to the economic downturn, the opening was designed to be more subdued than previous casino resort openings. The resorts jewelry shop featured the 231 carats, prune-sized Wynn Diamond, to open the betting, Steve Wynn gave high-rollers a few million dollars to make the initial bets and initiated the action by declaring over a microphone, Let the games begin. The start of gambling was accompanied by a recording of Frank Sinatras Luck Be a Lady Tonight. The resort features a 74, 000-square-foot casino,60,000 square feet of space,27,000 sq ft of retail space in The Esplanade, a spa and salon, five restaurants, seven bars. The pool area includes 29 rentable cabanas, in late November 2009, the casino was slightly altered, removing drapery and palm trees in an effort to open up the space a bit more. Steve Wynn, after reviewing and walking through, replaced the planting, the resorts nightclub, XS, was developed by Victor Drai and opened on New Years Eve 2008 with 40,000 sq ft and space for 3,000 guests. Other restaurants are Wazuzu, a bistro that features a 27 ft crystal dragon, Andreas an Asian inspired cuisine by Chef Joseph Elevado, and Society Cafe. The Encore Beach Club opened in June 2010, replacing the Strip entry, the Resort Suites contain 700–745 ft² of floor space. The hotel tower features two sections, the standard Resort tower and the smaller, more upscale Tower Suites, the resorts permanent show was singer-comedian-impressionist Danny Gans, until his death on May 1,2009. The performance space, built with Wynn Las Vegas and previously named the Broadway Theater, Encore Beach Club is a 50,000 square feet venue featuring 40-foot palm trees surrounding three tiered pools. There are chaise lounges, couches, and day beds featuring private safes and it includes oversized lily pads resting in shallow water, and shower poles
29.
Human Nature (band)
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Human Nature is an Australian harmony pop group, which formed in 1989, with Toby Allen, Phil Burton and brothers, Andrew and Mike Tierney. Originally they were a group, the 4 Trax, while the members were schoolmates. After signing with Sony Music as Human Nature, they released their album, Telling Everybody. Three of their albums have reached number one on the ARIA Albums Charts, Counting Down, Reach Out, The Motown Record and Dancing in the Street, Two other albums reached number two, Get Ready and Jukebox. Their top 10 hits on the related ARIA Singles Chart are Wishes, Dont Say Goodbye, Everytime You Cry, Dont Cry, Eternal Flame, He Dont Love You and When You Say You Love Me. Three of their albums received certification from ARIA, and four have received platinum, with a total shipment of over 1.6 million records in Australia. The group have toured nationally and internationally including as a support act for Celine Dion on her Falling Into You Around the World Tour. They also opened for Michael Jackson on the HIStory World Tour, at the ARIA Music Awards of 2006 they won Highest Selling Album for Reach Out, The Motown Record. In May 2009 they began a residency performing a Motown-themed show on the Las Vegas Strip, Human Nature started as the 4 Trax when Toby Allen and Phil Burton joined with brothers Andrew and Mike Tierney. They represented Hurlstone Agricultural High School in a combined regional schools concert at the Bankstown Town Hall, all four members had choir backgrounds and were inspired by groups from the Motown era, including the Four Tops. In Bankstown, they had sung The Penguins hit Earth Angel, Andrew later told Megan Riggs of Whats on Highway Radio that it was the only song they knew and they were encouraged to listen to more Motown groups. Mike, the youngest member of the group, was doing his Higher School Certificate in his year of secondary school. The 4 Trax initially gave street performances in the doo-wop style, the group sent demo recordings to record labels. On a visit to Sony CEO, Denis Handlin, they performed an a cappella version of People Get Ready, by 1995 the group felt the 4 Trax name was dated, so they brainstormed alternatives, Mike suggested Human Nature. Allen said, At first we thought it was probably a bit obvious, because its such a well-used term and we were singing a cappella at the time, and it represented what we were about, Singing was our human nature. On 1 March 1996 Human Nature released their first single, Got It Goin On and it was co-written by the Tierney brothers with their producer, Paul Begaud. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1996 they received their first nomination and they followed up with Tellin Everybody in July, which reached the top 30. The third single, Wishes, peaked at No.6, Wishes was co-written by Alan Glass with its producer, Andrew Klippel
30.
Politico
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Politico is an American political-journalism company based in Arlington County, Virginia, that covers politics and policy in the United States and internationally. It distributes content through television, the Internet, The Politico newspaper, radio and its coverage in Washington, D. C. includes the U. S. Congress, lobbying, media and the presidency. John F. Harris and Jim VandeHei left The Washington Post to become The Politicos editor-in-chief and executive editor, respectively, frederick J. Ryan Jr. served as its first president and chief executive officer. Robert L. Allbritton is founder and publisher, in 2015, Politico launched a Brussels-based European edition called Politico Europe. The newspaper has a circulation of approximately 40,000, distributed for free in Washington, D. C. the newspaper prints up to five issues a week while Congress is in session and sometimes publishes one issue a week when Congress is in recess. It carries advertising, including ads from trade associations and a large help-wanted section listing Washington political jobs. Politico is a partner with several outlets that co-report and distribute its video, print. Partners include CBS News, Allbritton Communicationss ABC station WJLA and cable channel NewsChannel 8, radio station WTOP-FM, journalists covering political campaigns for Politico carry a video camera to each assignment, and journalists are encouraged to promote their work elsewhere. Though Politico seeks to break the traditional journalism mold, it expects to make much of its money initially from Washington, D. C. –focused newspaper advertising. Among the journalists who have worked for Politico are Mike Allen, John Bresnahan, Carrie Budoff Brown, Alex Burns, Dylan Byers, Josh Gerstein, Andrew Glass, roger Simon became The Politicos Chief Political Columnist in December 2006. In 2010, The Politico added two opinion columnists, Michael Kinsley and Joe Scarborough, in a 2007 opinion piece, progressive watchdog group Media Matters for America accused The Politico of having a Republican tilt. In a letter from editor in chief John F, to that end, he asked his colleagues for an honest assessment of the claims set forth in the letter from Media Matters. Ben Smith answered, Media Matters has a point, … that Bushs public endorsement made us seem too close to the White House. That was clearly a favor from the president to us, and felt to me one of those clubby Beltway moments that make the insiders feel important. The other primary editors disagreed with the accusation for a variety of reasons. A2009 profile of the organization in Vanity Fair said The Politico had a staff of 75. Its newspaper circulation is around 32,000, and as of summer 2009 and this is fewer than the 11 million it had during the high point of the campaign, but most political news outlets have lower traffic outside election years. As of July 2009, it was expected to have revenue of around $15 million, primarily from the printed product
31.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
32.
New York Daily News
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The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City. It is the fourth-most widely circulated newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919, and was the first U. S. daily printed in tabloid format and it is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman, and is headquartered at 4 New York Plaza in Lower Manhattan. The Daily News was founded by Joseph Medill Patterson in 1919, Patterson and his cousin, Robert R. McCormick were co-publishers of the Chicago Tribune and grandsons of Tribune founder Joseph Medill. On his way back, Patterson met with Alfred Harmsworth, who was the Viscount Northcliffe and publisher of the Daily Mirror, impressed with the advantages of a tabloid, Patterson launched the Daily News on June 26,1919. The Daily News was not a success, and by August 1919. Still, New Yorks many subway commuters found the tabloid format easier to handle, by the time of the papers first anniversary in June 1920, circulation was over 100,000 and by 1925, over a million. Circulation reached its peak in 1947, at 2.4 million daily and 4.7 million on Sunday. The Daily News carried the slogan New Yorks Picture Newspaper from 1920 to 1991, for its emphasis on photographs, and a camera has been part of the newspapers logo from day one. The papers later slogan, developed from a 1985 ad campaign, is New Yorks Hometown Newspaper, while another has been The Eyes, the Ears, the Honest Voice of New York. News-gathering operations were, for a time, organized using two-way radios, prominent sports cartoonists have included Bill Gallo, Bruce Stark and Ed Murawinski. Editorial cartoonists have included C. D. Batchelor, editions were published as extras in 1991 during the brief tenure of Robert Maxwell as publisher. In 1982, and again in the early 1990s during a newspaper strike, in the 1982 instance, the parent Tribune offered the tabloid up for sale. In 1991, millionaire Robert Maxwell offered financial assistance to The News to help it stay in business, when Maxwell died shortly thereafter, The News seceded from his publishing empire, which eventually splintered under questions about whether Maxwell had the financial backing to sustain it. After Maxwells death in 1991, the paper was held together in bankruptcy by existing management, led by editor James Willse, mort Zuckerman bought the paper in 1993. From its founding until 1991, the Daily News was owned by the Tribune Company, in 1948 The News established WPIX, whose call letters were based on The News nickname of New Yorks Picture Newspaper, and later bought what became WPIX-FM, which is now known as WFAN-FM. The News also maintains local bureaux in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, at City Hall, within One Police Plaza, in January 2012, former News of the World and New York Post editor Colin Myler was appointed editor-in-chief of the Daily News. Myler was replaced by his deputy Jim Rich in September 2015, ather than portraying New York through the partisan divide between liberals and conservatives, The News has played up the more mythic rift between the city’s fiends and heroes
33.
Fortune.com
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Fortune is a multinational business magazine, published and owned by Time Inc. and headquartered in New York City. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929, the magazine competes with Forbes and Bloomberg Businessweek in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles. The magazine is best known for the Fortune 500, a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955, in late October 1929, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred, marking the onset of the Great Depression. In a memo to the Time Inc. board in November 1929, Luce wrote and we will recognize that this business slump may last as long as an entire year. The publication made its debut in February 1930. Its editor was Luce, managing editor Parker Lloyd-Smith, and art director Thomas Maitland Cleland, single copies of the first issue costed US$1. In fact, there were 30,000 subscribers who had signed up to receive that initial 184-page issue. By 1937, the number of subscribers had grown to 460,000, Fortune was also noted for its photography, featuring the work of Margaret Bourke-White, Ansel Adams, and others. Walker Evans served as its editor from 1945 to 1965. The magazine became an important leg of Luces media empire, after the launch of Time in 1923 and Fortune in 1930, Luce went on to launch Life in 1936. From its launch in 1930 to 1978, Fortune was published monthly, in January 1978, it began publishing biweekly. In October 2009, citing declining advertising revenue and circulation, Fortune began publishing every three weeks, marshall Loeb was named managing editor in 1986. During the years when Time Warner owned Time Inc, Fortune articles were hosted at CNNMoney. com. In June 2014, after Time Inc. spun off from its corporate parent, in the human resources field, for example, it publishes a list of the Best Companies to Work For. Lists include companies ranked in order of gross revenue and business profile, following the elimination of the editor-in-chief role at Time Inc. in October 2013, the top editors title was changed from managing editor to editor in 2014. In JSTOR Official website Fortune India Fortune China Fortune Turkey List of 100 Best Companies to Work For Fortune Data Store, complete downloadable list of Fortune 500/1000 Companies – 1955–2008
34.
Twitter
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Twitter is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, tweets, restricted to 140 characters. Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them, users access Twitter through its website interface, SMS or a mobile device app. Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams and launched in July. The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, in 2012, more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has described as the SMS of the Internet. As of 2016, Twitter had more than 319 million monthly active users. On the day of the 2016 U. S. presidential election, Twitter proved to be the largest source of breaking news, Twitters origins lie in a daylong brainstorming session held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then a student at New York University. The original project name for the service was twttr, an idea that Williams later ascribed to Noah Glass, inspired by Flickr. The developers initially considered 10958 as a code, but later changed it to 40404 for ease of use. Work on the project started on March 21,2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 9,50 PM Pacific Standard Time, Dorsey has explained the origin of the Twitter title. we came across the word twitter, and it was just perfect. The definition was a short burst of inconsequential information, and chirps from birds, and thats exactly what the product was. The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as a service for Odeo employees. Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitters startup until 2011, Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007. Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013 interview, With Twitter and they called it a social network, they called it microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didnt replace anything. There was this path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is, Twitter actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network, the tipping point for Twitters popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000, the Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages, remarked Newsweeks Steven Levy
