Edict of Gülhane
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The Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerifi or Tanzimât Fermânı was a proclamation by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I in 1839 that launched the Tanzimât period of reforms and reorganization in the Ottoman Empire. It is nam
Edict of Gülhane in Ottoman Turkish
Mustafa Reşid Pasha, the principal architect of the Edict of Gülhane (The Ottoman Imperial Edict of Reorganization, proclaimed on 3 November 1839)
Ahmed Muhtar Bey contributed to the secularization of the state
Ottoman Parliament 1877
Abdülmecid I
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Abdülmecid I was the 31st sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839.
Edict of Gülhane
…The Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerifi ("Supreme Edict of Gülhane") or Tanzimât Fermânı ("Imperial Edict of Reorganization") was a proclamation by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I in 1839 that launched the Tanzimât period of reforms and reorganization in the Ottoman Empire. It is named after Gülhane Park, where the edict was first…
Portrait by Konstantin Cretius
Portrait of Abdülmecid I by David Wilkie, 1840.
A painting of Abdulmejid at the Pera Museum in Istanbul (oil on canvas, 1850s).
Sultan Abdülmecid (left) with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Emperor Napoleon III of France