1.
Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
2.
Faroe Islands
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The Faroe Islands, also spelled the Faeroes, is an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic, about halfway between Norway and Iceland,320 kilometres north-northwest of Scotland. Its area is about 1,400 square kilometres with a population of 49,188 in 2016, the Faeroe Islands is an autonomous country within the Danish Realm. The land of the Faeroes is rugged, and these islands have an oceanic climate, windy, wet, cloudy. Despite this island groups northerly latitude, temperatures average above freezing throughout the year because of the Gulf Stream, between 1035 and 1814, the Faeroes were part of the Hereditary Kingdom of Norway. In 1814, the Treaty of Kiel granted Denmark control over the islands, the Faroe Islands have been a self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark since 1948. The Faroese have control of most domestic matters, areas that remain the responsibility of Denmark include military defence, the police department, the justice department, currency, and foreign affairs. However, as they are not part of the customs area as Denmark, the Faroe Islands have an independent trade policy. The islands also have representation in the Nordic Council as members of the Danish delegation, the people of the Faroe Islands also compete as national team in certain sports. In Danish, the name Færøerne may reflect an Old Norse word fær, the morpheme øerne represents a plural of ø in Danish. The Danish name thus translates as the islands of sheep, in Faroese, the name appears as Føroyar. Oyar represents the plural of oy, older Faroese for island, the modern Faeroese word for island is oyggj. In the English language, their name is sometimes spelled Faeroe, archaeological evidence shows settlers living on the Faroe Islands in two successive periods prior to the arrival of the Norse, the first between 400 and 600 and the second between 600 and 800. Scientists from the University of Aberdeen have also found early cereal pollen from domesticated plants, archaeologist Mike Church noted that Dicuil mentioned what may have been the Faroes. He also suggested that the living there might have been from Ireland, Scotland or Scandinavia. A Latin account of a made by Brendan, an Irish monastic saint who lived around 484–578. This association, however, is far from conclusive in its description, Dicuil, an Irish monk of the early 9th century, wrote a more definite account. 800, bringing Old West Norse, which evolved into the modern Faroese language, according to Icelandic sagas such as Færeyjar Saga, one of the best known men in the island was Tróndur í Gøtu, a descendant of Scandinavian chiefs who had settled in Dublin, Ireland. Tróndur led the battle against Sigmund Brestursson, the Norwegian monarchy, a traditional name for the islands in Irish, Na Scigirí, possibly refers to the Skeggjar Beards, a nickname given to island dwellers
3.
Eysturoy
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Eysturoy meaning East Island is a region and the second-largest of the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic, both in size and population. Eysturoy is separated by a sound from the main island of Streymoy. Eysturoy is extremely rugged, with some 66 separate mountain peaks, including Slættaratindur, important settlements on Eysturoy are Fuglafjørður in the north and the densely populated area of the municipalities of Runavík and Nes in the south. Eysturoy is connected with Streymoy by a bridge over the sound. The islanders humorously refer to this bridge as the bridge over the Atlantic. Leirvík on the east coast of the island is the gateway for transport connections to the islands, particularly Klaksvík on the island of Borðoy. In 2019, the sub-sea Eysturoy Tunnel is to open a link between Runavík, Strendur and Tórshavn, making southern Eysturoy a central place on the Tórshavn-Klaksvík axis. Off the northern tip of the island are the sea stacks Risin og Kellingin. Eysturoy travel guide from Wikivoyage Personal website with 15 aerial photos of Eysturoy
4.
Greenwich Mean Time
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Greenwich Mean Time is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. GMT was formerly used as the civil time standard, now superseded in that function by Coordinated Universal Time. Today GMT is considered equivalent to UTC for UK civil purposes and for navigation is considered equivalent to UT1, consequently, the term GMT should not be used for precise purposes. Due to Earths uneven speed in its orbit and its axial tilt, noon GMT is rarely the exact moment the sun crosses the Greenwich meridian. This event may occur up to 16 minutes before or after noon GMT, noon GMT is the annual average moment of this event, which accounts for the word mean in Greenwich Mean Time. Originally, astronomers considered a GMT day to start at noon while for almost everyone else it started at midnight, to avoid confusion, the name Universal Time was introduced to denote GMT as counted from midnight. Astronomers preferred the old convention to simplify their observational data, so each night was logged under a single calendar date. Today Universal Time usually refers to UTC or UT1, in some countries Greenwich Mean Time is the legal time in the winter and the population uses the term. For an explanation of why this is, see GMT in legislation below, synchronisation of the chronometer on GMT did not affect shipboard time, which was still solar time. Most time zones were based upon GMT, as an offset of a number of hours ahead of GMT or behind GMT and it was gradually adopted for other purposes, but a legal case in 1858 held local mean time to be the official time. On 14 May 1880, a signed by Clerk to Justices appeared in The Times, stating that Greenwich time is now kept almost throughout England. For example, our polling booths were opened, say, at 813 and closed at 413 PM. This was changed later in 1880, GMT was adopted on the Isle of Man in 1883, Jersey in 1898 and Guernsey in 1913. Ireland adopted GMT in 1916, supplanting Dublin Mean Time, hourly time signals from Greenwich Observatory were first broadcast on 5 February 1924, rendering the time ball at the observatory redundant in the process. The daily rotation of the Earth is irregular and constantly slows, on 1 January 1972, GMT was superseded as the international civil time standard by Coordinated Universal Time, maintained by an ensemble of atomic clocks around the world. Indeed, even the Greenwich meridian itself is not quite what it used to be—defined by the centre of the instrument at the Observatory at Greenwich. Nevertheless, the line in the old observatorys courtyard today differs no more than a few metres from that line which is now the prime meridian of the world. Historically GMT has been used two different conventions for numbering hours. The long-standing astronomical convention dating from the work of Ptolemy, was to refer to noon as zero hours and this contrasted with the civil convention of referring to midnight as zero hours dating from the Romans
5.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
6.
Summer Time in Europe
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It corresponds to the notion and practice of daylight saving time to be found in many other parts of the world. European Summer Time is observed across three zones, beginning at 01,00 UTC/WET on the last Sunday in March. This means that Summer Time lasts, depending upon the calendar year, Summer Time was first introduced during the First World War. However, most countries discontinued the practice after the war and it was then restarted in various countries during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. It has remained in place in most European countries since that time, historically the countries of Europe had different practices for observing Summer Time, but this hindered coordination of transport, communications and movements. Starting in 1981 the European Community began issuing directives requiring member states to legislate particular start, since 1981 each directive has specified a transition time of 01,00 UTC and a start date of the last Sunday in March, but the end dates have differed. In 1996 the end date was changed to the fourth Sunday in October for all countries, in 1998 the end date was adjusted to be the last Sunday in October, this happened to be the same as the previous rule for 1996 and 1997. The ninth directive, currently in force, has made this permanent, the above formula is valid until 2099. See, British Double Summer Time Central European Midsummer Time Moscow Midsummer Time There are three countries that do not use summer time, and keep the time all year. Some may be thought of as using permanent summer time since they are using time zones allocated to regions further east than themselves, Belarus explicitly decided to stay permanently on summer time after 2011. Belarus switched to summer time in Spring 2011 and did not switch back, the midpoint of Belarus has longitude 28°E. Iceland observes UTC all year round despite being at longitudes which would indicate UTC−1, icelands high latitude means that sunset and sunrise times change by many hours over the year, and the effect of changing the clock by one hour would, in comparison, be small. Russia used permanent summer time from 2011 to 2014, in October 2014 Russia changed permanently back to standard time, setting the clocks back one hour at the same time as other European countries did. Turkey decided not to observe daylight saving time anymore in September 2016, and decided to stay in UTC+3 throughout the year rather than switching back to its original time UTC+2. In most of Europe, the word Summer is added to the name of each European time zone during this period, thus, in the UTC+01,00 time zone, Central European Time becomes Central European Summer Time. Austria-Hungary used summer time during World War I in 1916,1917 and 1918, Summer time was introduced in Bulgaria in 1979 by a regulation of the Bulgarian Council of Ministers. Bulgaria observes the European Union rules for summer time, in the Kingdom of Bohemia, summer time was used for three seasons since 1916 to 1918, while being part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I. During the World War II period, when Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia became a de facto part of Nazi Germany, in 1940/1941 and 1941/1942, the summer time was kept continuously even during the winter
7.
Oceanic climate
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Oceanic climates are defined as having a monthly mean temperature below 22 °C in the warmest month, and above 0 °C in the coldest month. It typically lacks a dry season, as precipitation is evenly dispersed throughout the year. Oceanic climates generally have cool summers and mild to cool winters, Oceanic climates are most dominant in Europe, where they spread much farther inland than in other continents. Oceanic climates can have much storm activity as they are located in the belt of the stormy westerlies, many oceanic climates have frequent cloudy or overcast conditions due to the near constant storms and lows tracking over or near them. Precipitation is both adequate and reliable throughout the year in oceanic climates, extended months of rain and cloudy conditions are common in oceanic climates. Seattle is an example of this, between October and May, Seattle experiences high rainfall and is mostly or partly cloudy six out of every seven days. In most areas with a climate, precipitation comes in the form of rain for the majority of the year. However, some areas with this climate see some snowfall annually during winter, outside of Australia and parts of New Zealand, most areas with an oceanic climate experience at least one snowstorm per year. In the poleward locations of the climate zone, snowfall is more frequent. Overall temperature characteristics of the oceanic climates feature cool temperatures and infrequent extremes of temperature, summers are cool, with the warmest month having a mean temperature below 22 °C. Poleward of the latter is a zone of the subpolar oceanic climate, with long and cold winters and cool. Examples of this climate include parts of coastal Iceland in the Northern Hemisphere and extreme southern Chile, Oceanic climates are not necessarily always found in coastal locations on the aforementioned parallels, however, in most cases oceanic climates parallel higher middle latitude oceans. The polar jet stream, which moves in a west to east direction across the middle latitudes, advancing low pressure systems, storms, in coastal areas of the higher middle latitudes, the prevailing onshore flow creates the basic structure of most oceanic climates. Oceanic climates are a product and reflection of the adjacent to them. In summer, high pressure pushes the prevailing westerlies north of many oceanic climates. As a result of the Gulf Stream, west-coast areas located in high latitudes like Ireland, the UK, Oceanic climates in Europe occur mostly in Northwest Europe, from Ireland and Great Britain eastward to central Europe. Most of France, Germany, Norway, the north coast of Spain, examples of oceanic climates are found in London, Bergen, Dublin, Berlin, Bilbao, Donostia-San Sebastian, Biarritz, Bayonne, Zürich, Copenhagen and Paris. With decreasing distance to the Mediterranean Sea, the climate of Northwest Europe gradually changes to the subtropical dry-summer or Mediterranean climate of southern Europe
8.
Danish language
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There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway, Sweden, Spain, the United States, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas, around 15–20% of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language. Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of Old Norse, until the 16th century, Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions. With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing, a language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect. It spread through use in the system and administration though German. Today, traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared, though there are variants of the standard language. The main differences in language are between generations, with youth language being particularly innovative, Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels, and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød, a kind of laryngeal phonation type. The grammar is moderately inflective with strong and weak conjugations and inflections, nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender. As in English, Danish only has remnants of a case system, particularly in the pronouns. Its syntax is V2, with the verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence. Danish is a Germanic language of the North Germanic branch, other names for this group are the Nordic or Scandinavian languages. Along with Swedish, Danish descends from the Eastern dialects of the Old Norse language, Scandinavian languages are often considered a dialect continuum, where there are no sharp dividing lines between the different vernacular languages. Like Norwegian and Swedish, Danish was significantly influenced by Low German in the Middle Ages, Danish itself can be divided into three main dialect areas, West Danish, Insular Danish, and East Danish. Danish is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Swedish, both Swedes and Danes also understand Norwegian better than they understand each others languages. By the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse, had some changes. This language was called the Danish tongue, or Norse language. Norse was written in the alphabet, first with the elder futhark. From the 7th century the common Norse language began to undergo changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, most of the changes separating East Norse from West Norse started as innovations in Denmark, that spread through Scania into Sweden and by maritime contact to southern Norway
9.
Faroese language
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It is one of five languages descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages, the others being Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Around 900, the language spoken in the Faroes was Old Norse, however, many of the settlers were not from Scandinavia, but descendants of Norse settlers in the Irish Sea region. In addition, women from Norse Ireland, Orkney, or Shetland often married native Scandinavian men before settling in the Faroe Islands, as a result, the Irish language has had some influence on both Faroese and Icelandic. There is some evidence of Irish language place names in the Faroes, for example. Until the 15th century Faroese had a similar to Icelandic and Norwegian. The islanders continued to use the language in ballads, folktales and this maintained a rich spoken tradition, but for 300 years the language was not used in written form. This changed when Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb and the Icelandic grammarian and politician Jón Sigurðsson published a standard for Modern Faroese in 1854. They set a standard for the orthography of the language, based on its Old Norse roots and this had the advantage of being etymologically clear, as well as keeping the kinship with the Icelandic written language. The actual pronunciation, however, often differs from the written rendering, the letter ð, for example, has no specific phoneme attached to it. Jakob Jakobsen devised a system of orthography, based on his wish for a phonetic spelling. In 1937, Faroese replaced Danish as the school language, in 1938 as the church language. However, Faroese did not become the language of media. Today Danish is considered a language, although around 5% of residents on the Faroes learn it as a first language. Old Faroese is a form of Old Norse spoken in medieval times in the Faroe Islands, the most crucial aspects of the development of Faroese are diphthongisation and palatalisation. There is not enough available to establish an accurate chronology of Faroese. Iotacism may be connected with the palatalisation of k, g and sk before Old Norse e, i, y, ø, au > /kj, ɡj, skj/ > /cç, ɟʝ, ɕcç/ > /tʃʰ, tʃ. Before the palatalisation é and ǽ merged as /ɛː/ and approximately in the same period epenthesis u is inserted into word-final /Cr/, the Great Quantity Shift operated in the 15th/16th centuries. In the case of skerping, it took place after iotacism, the shift of hv to /kw/, the deletion of /h/ in word-initial /h/–sonorant clusters, and the dissolution of þ appeared before the end of the 13th century
10.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
11.
EB/Streymur
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EB/Streymur is a Faroese Semi-professional football club based in Streymnes. The club was founded in 1993, as result of the merger between EB, and Streymur, in 2016 they will play in 1. Deild, the tier of Faroese football. They have won the Faroe Islands Premier League two times, and the Faroe Islands Cup four times, the club is a result of a merger in 1993 between Eiðis Bóltfelag, who were founded on 23 February 1913, and Streymur, founded in 1976. Prior to the merger, both EB Eiði and Streymur usually played their football in the second or third division, after the merger in 1993 the team still resided in the lower divisions, but this soon changed. With a newly built ground at Mølin, Eiði. Among these players in were, Hans Pauli Samuelsen, Bárður Olsen, Brian Olsen, Marni Djurhuus, Gert Hansen, with the help of veteran attacker Jón Sigurd Gleðisheygg, the team won promotion in the 1999/00 season, finishing in place second, behind B36. EB/Streymur had since gained a foothold in the top division, as a title contenders, with four matches left to play their lead at the top of the table was seven points. A dip in form followed, but the club went into the final match requiring a draw against KÍ to win the title, however, a late KÍ goal, coupled with HB taking the lead in their match with two minutes remaining meant EB/Streymur were denied the title. In 2007 the club finished second, and played in European competition for the first time. On 21 October 2008, after finishing as runners-up in the two years in a row previously, the club finally won its first championship, and thus the double in the 2008 season. In July 2008 the club was drawn against Manchester City of Englands Premier League in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Cup 2008-09. The tie, which was played in Tórshavn, ended with a defeat of 0 –2 to Manchester City with goals coming in the first half from Martin Petrov & Dietmar Hamann. The away leg was played at the Oakwell Stadium of Championship League side Barnsley Football Club rather than Manchester Citys, the Pitch was re-surfaced as a Bon Jovi Concert was a couple of weeks before the match. The accident happened while unloading fish from the trawler, something went wrong, according to Rúni Nolsøe, EB/Streymurs coach, Faroese football had lost a very good football player. He played 11 caps and scored 4 goals for the U21 Faroe Islands team, EB/Streymur was supposed to play against NSÍ Runavík the a few days later, but the match was cancelled because of the death of Gunnar Zachariasen. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality
12.
Risin og Kellingin
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Risin og Kellingin are two sea stacks just off the northern coast of the island of Eysturoy in the Faroe Islands close to the town of Eiði. The name Risin og Kellingin means The Giant and the Witch, the Giant is the 71m stack further from the coast, and the witch is the 68m pointed stack nearer land, standing with her legs apart. A legend tells how, once upon a time, the giants in Iceland were envious, so the giant and the witch were sent down to the Faroe Islands to bring them back. However, when she attached the rope to the mountain and pulled, further attempts were also unsuccessful, and they struggled through the night, but the base of the mountain was firm and they could not move it. If the sun shines on a giant or witch, it turns to stone. So it was that as they continued to struggle they didnt notice time passing and they have stood there ever since, staring longingly across the ocean towards Iceland. A number of versions of this legend are recounted in sources about the Faroe Islands, the stacks can be viewed by walking north from Eiði then turning east towards the coast and following the low cliffs for a short way. Other good views can be had on a day from Tjørnuvík on the island of Streymoy. Faroese geologists predict that Kellingin, which stands on two legs, will fall into the sea sometime in the next few decades during the winter storms. Already part of the stack broke off at the beginning of the twentieth century
13.
Municipalities of the Faroe Islands
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The Faroe Islands are administratively divided in 30 municipalities, with about 120 cities and villages. Until December 31,2008, there were 34 municipalities, and until December 31,2004, in 1998 it was suggested that no municipality should have fewer than 2,000 inhabitants, but whether this will be true is a political question. The Faroese government has decided not to conduct forced, top-down amalgamation. The geographically large Sunda municipality is an example of this, the larger municipalities are organized in Kommunusamskipan Føroya and the smaller are organized in Føroya Kommunufelag. On 1 January 2009, Funningur fused with Runavík, gøta and Leirvík fused into Eystur. Miðvágur and Sandavágur fused into Vágar, on 1 January 2005, Elduvík, Oyndarfjørður and Skála fused with Runavík. Gjógv, Haldarsvík, Hósvík, Hvalvík and Saksun fused with Sunda municipality, hestur, Kirkjubøur and Nólsoy fused with Tórshavn. On 1 January 1997 Argir and Kaldbak fused with Tórshavn, on 1 August 1948 Funningur split into Funningur and Gjógv. Hagstova Føroya - Municipalities by size and width, population growth and density, age and sex - December 31,2002
14.
Eystur Municipality
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Eystur Municipality is a municipality in the Faroe Islands. In Faroese, eystur means east and so the municipality is East Municipality and it covers an eastern part of the island of Eysturoy. It was created on 1 January 2009 from the merger of Leirvík and it includes the villages of Norðragøta, Leirvík, Gøtueiði, Gøtugjógv and Syðrugøta, as well as other small settlements. Eysturkommuna. fo - The website of Eystur Municipality
15.
Fugloy
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Not to be confused with the Scottish island of Foula. Fugloy is the eastern-most island in the Faroe Islands, the name means bird island, and refers to the large number of birds that nest on the islands cliffs. There are two settlements, Kirkja on the south-coast and Hattarvík on the east-coast, Fugloy is special because of the stone-material consisting of basalt stratum, making the island very steep and inaccessible. The Eystfelli cliffs, which are 448m are located on the east coast, nearby on the 47 metre high sea stack Stapin there is also a lighthouse, a natural arch feature and what looks like the outline of an Egyptian Pharaoh. Fugloy was also a site for the now extinct great auk. On the east side of the island there is a ledge called Gorfuglarókin Garefowl Ledge. Grey seals are regular visitors to the coastlines of Fugloy, mountain hares were introduced by humans, and inhabit the higher altitudes on the island. Fugloy has its own subspecies of house mouse Mus musculus domesticus, in contrast to the other Norðoyar islands, Fugloy is green and fertile all the way up to the mountain tops. Some rare plants are found on the island, e. g. the Fugloy Eyebright Euphrasia foulaensis, the island has been populated since the Viking age. One of the most important stories of the island is that of the Floksmenn and they were a flock of rebels, in the Middle Ages, from Fugloy. The most notorious of the separatists, were Høgni Nev, Rógvi Skel, Hálvdan Úlvsson and these men controlled and ravaged the northern parts of the Faroe Islands for a long time. This is one of the most important separatist myths of the Faroe islands, the smarter Sjúrður við Kellingará was forced to go the more militant way of rebellion by Høgni Nev and Hálvdan Ulvsson who were more criminally minded. All the four men were caught and sentenced to death. Because the harbour of Fugloy is not protected by breakwaters, it has stopped any form of growth since the early 20th century. The islands only income has been agriculture and some fishing, the Faroese parliament has tried to work out plans for the future of the island, such as the island getting electricity in the 1960s. In the 1980s a road from Kirkja to Hattarvík was built, when the population was at its peak at the beginning of the 20th century, there were around 250-300 people living there. Due to a change in lifestyles and norms, island life has become less popular, today, there are only five people living all year around in Hattarvík and some 20 in Kirkja. There are few jobs on the islands, one shop and few jobs on the harbour are all there are
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Hov, Faroe Islands
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Hov is a village located on Suduroys east coast, in the Faroe Islands, it is frequently mentioned in the countrys history. Salmon sea farming has been practiced in Hov since the 1980s, north of Hov along the old road to Øravík are interesting basalt columns that march along the hills. The wooden church in Hov was originally built in Vágur on Kirkjukletti in 1862 and it was moved to Hov in 1942. A new church was built in Vágur, it was ready in 1939, after that they could start to take down the old church and move it to Hov, in 2007 the road tunnel Hovstunnilin opened. It connects the villages Hov and Øravík, but it also connects the southern, now it is not necessary to drive over the mountain, which can be difficult in wintertime. Now it takes only 15 minutes to drive from Tvøroyri to Vágur, the tunnel is 2.5 km long. According to the Faroese Sagas and local tradition, the first Viking settler on Suðuroy established a farm in Hov and his grave is at undir Homrum in Hov and is the only chieftain burial site to be found on the Faroes. Hov lies in the middle of the island and the area is flat and this enabled Suðuroys first settlers to follow exactly what was happening on the sea around. The viking Havgrímur who was chief of half of the lived in Hov in the 10th century. His burial plot is located in the hills above the village, west of Hov is a waterfall with the name Foldarafossur. It lies in Hovsá, which runs from Vatnsnes and is the line of demarcation between the villages of Porkeri and Hov. The waterfall is formed at the place where Hovsá runs over the edge at Foldarshamri, and these three place names all have the same origin, and linguists think that the name comes from the soil below these localities. 30 years ago, the electricity company SEV commenced construction work in Hovsdal, so that the hydropower could be converted into electricity, and a dam was built approx. Therefore, the waterfall does not have the power as before, but if it rains a lot, and water flows out over the dam. There is an old building down in the harbour of Hov, which now is a museum, an art gallery, the eastern part of the house is called Fiskastovan. The western part of the house has been a shop until sometime in 1980s, other parts of the house and the area around it has been used for clip fish industry, the fish was dried outside the house on the flat stones. A white flag was raised in order to let people in the village know when there was work for them and that was before the phone was a possibility. The house was in bad shape a few years ago, some interesting items and old books with peoples names and how much they earned etc. are still in the house
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Hvalba
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Hvalba is a village and a municipality in the Faroe Islands, which consists of Hvalba, Nes-Hvalba and Sandvík. The village spreads around the bottom of an inlet, Hvalbiarfjørður. Hvalba is one of the villages in the Faroe Islands. The total population of Hvalba Municipality was 723 as of 1 January 2010, the population of Hvalba and Nes was 626, the small village Nes is often called Nes-Hvalba, because there are two other villages with the same name. Nes is located on the arm of the fjord Hvalbiarfjørður. Nes does not have its own postal code, Hvalba has one supermarket, a fast food shop and a few more shops. Some of the work as coalminers, Hvalba is the only place in the Faroes which still has active coalmine industry. There are two harbours and some factories in Hvalba, both harbours are on the northern side of the bay. There is a harbour in Nes and a small harbour in Sandvík. The municipality plans to make a new marina between the two harbors on a place which is called Á Hamranesi, some trawlers belong to the village, they deliver fish for the fish factory. Some people work in other villages i. e. e, IT supporters, carpenters, transport company, dietitian, internet shop etc. Hvalba is located on the east side of the island but the inlet is so deep that the distance to the west coast is quite short, there are two isthmuses in Hvalba, Hvalbiareiði and Norðbergseiði. Two tunnels connect Hvalba to its neighbouring villages, the southbound tunnel leads to Trongisvágur/Tvøroyri, it was made in 1963 and was the first road tunnel ever made in the Faroe Islands. The northbound one leads to Sandvík, the northernmost village, it was made in 1969, on the west coast there is a place of call that makes it possible to go fishing in small boats from both sides of the island. The place has two names, it is called Hvalbiareiði or Fiskieiði, the name Hvalbiareiði refers to the name of the village Hvalba, Fiskieiði refers to the fact that this place used to be a fish harbour. There are still a few houses there, but most of them are ruins. Most of the men of Hvalba are member of the crews of one of the trawlers of the village, many people from Hvalba own their share of these trawlers. There is another Eiði in Hvalba, it is called Norðbergseiði, named after a mountain nearby, Norðbergseiði is the northern one of the two eidi
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Hvannasund
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Hvannasund is a village and municipality in the Faroe Islands, an autonomous region in Denmark. Hvannasund located on the west coast of the island of Viðoy, the villages are connected to each other by a dam. A large cracked rock rests in an area just north of Hvannasund, an old legend details that the rock, called Skrudhettan, broke the very moment that Jesus was born. On 26 May 2008, the ocean inexplicably receded 2½ –3 metres before suddenly hitting the area with great strength, a couple of days later, it was reported that a mini-tsunami had hit Hvannasund. There were no injuries or fatalities, on 3 September 2008, a majority of the town council, notably excluding the mayor, announced that there would be a referendum on merging Hvannasund municipality with the municipality of Klaksvík. The referendum was held on 17 September, of the 321 eligible,278 cast their votes. The result was 68 in favor,208 against and 2 blanks, Hvannasund Norðdepil Depil Norðtoftir Fossá Múli List of towns in the Faroe Islands Faroeislands. dk, Hvannasund Images and description of all cities on the Faroe Islands
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Porkeri
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Porkeri is a village in the Faroe Islands, situated northeast of Vágur on Suðuroys east coast. As of 2008 it had a population of 362, and it has been inhabited at least as early as the 14th century. Tradition says that once in the old days a dispute of field boundaries between Porkeri and the neighbouring village Hov was sorted out by a walking-race between one man from each village, near the school is a memorial of people who lost their lives at sea. The name of the dead are written with letters on stone plates on the small piles which stand around the large pile in the middle. Joen is the Danish form of the Faroese name Jógvan, in the 19th century and earlier peoples names were written in the Danish form. The second stone has 6 names, the third stone has 5 names. The fourth stone has 6 names, the fifth stone has 6 names (all 6 went drowned in 1910 with North Star. The 6th stone has 5 names The 7th stone has 5 names, the 8th stone has 5 names. The 9th stone has 8 names The 10th stone has 6 names The 11th stone has 5 names The 12th stone has 3 names All together 65 names of men from Porkeri who lost their lives at sea, Porkeri Church is a black and white wooden church with grass roof. The church is from 1847 and contains things donated by seamen who survived lethal storms on the sea, in 1984 a new school was built in the village. It is built in a modern Faroese style and has grass on the roof, the old school in Porkeri was built in 1888. It was used as such for 96 years and it is now owned by Porkeris Bygdasavn. There are many interesting items, which tell the maritime history. There is a street with houses, but with different colors. The street is called Skiparavegur, which means Skippers Street or Captains Street, there is a supermarket where you can find all sorts of food and other things. There is also a hairdresser in Porkeri, in August most of the people in Porkeri are busy with cutting grass for hay, drying it and storing for winter feed for their sheep. Visit the Church and Museum of Porkeri, an interesting little museum with items from daily life in Porkeri, agricultural and maritime history. After Hov you will drive above Porkeri, list of towns in the Faroe Islands Flick photoset Faroeislands. dk, Porkeri Local web-site www. faroe stamps Zacharias Müllers memories Porkeri fyrr og nú
20.
Sandur, Faroe Islands
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Sandur is a village on the south coast of the island of Sandoy in the Faroe Islands. The Sandur hoard, dating to the end of the 11th century, in January 2010 the population stood at 558. The Municipality of Sandur consists of the village of Sandur only, Sandur is an old site of the thing where every year the local Várting was held. Excavations here have unearthed a stave church from the 11th century, in 1988 the modern church suffered a devastating fire in which all of the churchs silver melted. The fire turned out to be arson, in the following year the church was restored, just in time for its 150th anniversary. In 1863 while extending the churchyard a treasure of silver was found consisting of 98 coins from the 11th century, furthermore in 1989 archaeologists discovered a pagan burial ground from the times of Viking occupation. The burial included the skeleton of a woman from the Faroe Islands in a grave 150 cm long. The grave also included three beads of amber, a glass bead, and a knife. In the open-air museum of the Danish national museum close to Copenhagen one can see a water-mill which originally, the local museum Sands Bygdasavn is open in summer. It displays objects of everyday life belonging to the ancestors of the local inhabitants, Sandur can be reached from Tórshavn via the ferry ports Gamlarætt and Skopun. From there along the lake Sandsvatn on Road 30 to Sandur, all villages on the island can be reached by bus from Sandur. They are therefore suitable for day trips, due to the topography of the island walking-tours are suitable for casual strolling and cyclists. Popular trips are to Søltuvík on the west coast, Skarvanes in the south, the small passenger only ferry MV Sildberin departs Sandur for Skúvoy, an island to the south. Particularly interesting is the tour in the Faroese rowboat Hvíthamar from Sandur to the rocks on the west coast or to Skúvoy. Boatbuilder Jóan Petur Clementsen himself is rowing, the campsite á Munkinum is one of the camping sites on Sandoy. The other two camping sites are in Húsavík and Dalur, in addition Sandsvatn and Gróthúsvatn are attractive places for fishing. The Hotel Ísansgarður has been reconstructed, the tourist information in Sandur provides up-to-date information on private accommodation and holiday homes. The Art Museum of Sandur is open from May to October every day except for Monday from 14, in wintertime it is open Sundays from 14, 00-16,00
21.
Skopun
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Skopun is a town in the Faroe Islands situated on the northern coast of Sandoy. Skopun is the second-largest town on the island, Skopun Municipality consists only of the town of Skopun. Although the area has been inhabited since the Middle Ages, Skopun was not founded until 1833, the people of Skopun did not possess any land. They subsisted on fishing so the houses are close to the water, in 1897, Skopuns church was constructed out of timber taken from the old church of Vestmanna. The Faroe Islands first road was built on Sandoy in 1917 and it connects Skopun with Sandur, the islands main town. Skopuns harbor was built in 1926 and later extended, in 1982, the harbor was furnished with a gate which protects the dock from the sea. A1988 hurricane destroyed the small forest. A car ferry used to connect Skopun with the capital, Tórshavn, today, the ferry goes to the newly constructed port of Gamlarætt, located on the south coast of Streymoy. dk Maps, airports, & weather on Skopun, Faeroe Islands Page
22.
Sumba, Faroe Islands
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Sunnbøur is the southernmost village of the Faroe Islands on the island of Suðuroy. It is located in Sumba Municipality,239 of these people are living in Sumba. The other villages in the Municipality of Sumba are, Lopra, Akrar, Sumba is known for several things, e. g. its beauty, for the high bird cliff Beinisvørð and the skills of the local people regarding Faroese chain dance. They are very good dancers and have a tradition for singing long songs along with the chain dance. Poul F. Joensen is one of the most famous Farose poets, he was born in Sumba, later he got married and moved to Froðba. Residents of the village are known as Sumbingar, high mountains separate the village from the other settlements of the island. The village lies on the west coast as the one on the island except from Fámjin. Sumba is said to be one of the oldest villages in the Faroe Islands, excavations have shown traces from people from the 7th century. Sumba is a village in its natural setting. The church in Sumba is from 1887, Sumba lies behind high mountains and it used to be difficult to reach in wintertime when the storms raged, but now there is a tunnel, which makes all transport much easier. Just outside the coast of Sumba is the islet Sumbiarhólmur, in summertime men from Sumba take 7 or 8 rams out on the islet and collect them again in September. The rams gain much weight when they are grassing on Sumbiarhólmur, up to 30 pounds, in 1997 a tunnel was blown through the mountains from Lopra to Sumba. This makes life easier for people in Sumba who work in Vágur or Tvøroyri, south of Sumba just above the village Lopra you will encounter a fork in the road. One way leads to the old, but passable mountain road to Sumba, the leads to the long tunnel through the mountain. If you take the road, you could stop near the birdscliff Beinisvørð. From the top, there is a magnificent view over the sea, rocks and it is possible to climb Beinisvørð from the backside even if it is pretty steep. In 1975 a part of the top of Beinisvørð fell into the sea, the people from Sumba used to catch birds in Beinisvørð. Some men have lost their lives because of it, Sumba had a sports club, Sunnbiar Ítróttarfelag, which was a football club and a rowing club
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Sunda, Faroe Islands
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Sunda kommuna is an amalgamated-municipality stretching across vast areas of the two large Faroese islands Streymoy and Eysturoy. Sunda kommuna is formed by the municipalities of Hósvíkar kommuna, Hvalvíkar kommuna, Saksunar kommuna, Haldarsvíkar kommuna, Sunda kommuna. Altogether Sunda kommuna accounts for 1,655 inhabitants, and the population is steadily increasing, the increase is mainly due to the highway that runs right through the municipality connecting the north-eastern Faroes with the western and southern parts of the Faroes. This highway - currently one of the main-arteries of the Faroes - also features a bridge across the sound that divides Eysturoy and Streymoy, the major is Kim Durhuus from Hósvík, who in 2009 replaced Heðin Zachariasen
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Vestmanna
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Not to be confused with Vestmannaeyjar. Vestmanna is a town in the Faroe Islands on the west of the island of Streymoy and it was formerly a ferry port, until an undersea tunnel was built from Vágar to Kvívík and Stykkið. The cliffs west of Vestmanna, Vestmannabjørgini, are popular for excursions by boat. A Vestmann was a Westman, or Gael in Old Norse, the original name was Vestmannahavn, i. e. Westmens/Irishmens harbour. In December 1759, during the Seven Years War, François Thurots squadron sheltered from stormy conditions at Vestmanna, the lack of supplies available from the islanders motivated the subsequent raids by the squadron on the north Irish coast. It is surrounded by the mountains of Hægstafjall, Økslin, Loysingafjall, Moskurfjall, Vestmanna is often called the tourist village on the Faroe Islands. The main tourist attraction is Vestmannabjørgini, in 2012 a camping site was established at Inni á Fjørð with a capacity of 120 caravans in addition to tents. Vestmanna. fo, Municipality of Vestmanna Sightseeing. fo Puffin. fo Visit-vestmanna. com List of towns in the Faroe Islands
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Kingdom of Denmark
Faroe Islands
listen) (Northern Faroese [ˈɔiːjɪ]; Danish: Ejde) is a village located on the north-west tip of Eysturoy, Faroe Islands..JPG)
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