1.
El Segundo, California
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El Segundo is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. El Segundo, from Spanish, means The Second in English, located on the Santa Monica Bay, it was incorporated on January 18,1917, and part of the South Bay Cities Council of Governments. The population was 16,654 at the 2010 census, up from 16,033 at the 2000 census, the El Segundo and Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva and Chumash Native American tribes hundreds of years ago. The area was once a part of Rancho Sausal Redondo, Rancho Sausal Redondo extended from Playa Del Rey in the North to Redondo Beach in the South. Originally a Mexican land grant owned by Antonio Ygnacio Avila, the rancho was purchased by a Scottish baronet named Sir Robert Burnett. After his return to Scotland, the property was purchased by current manager of the rancho. Daniel Freeman sold portions of the rancho to multiple owners, george H. Peck owned the 840 acres of land the Chevron Refinery now sits on. Peck also developed land in neighboring El Porto where a street bears his name. The city earned its name as it was the site of the second Standard Oil refinery on the West Coast, the company was renamed Chevron in 1984, and the El Segundo refinery will soon enter its second century of operation. The city was incorporated in 1917, the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in El Segundo was one of the major aircraft manufacturing facilities in California during World War II. It was one of the producers of SBD Dauntless dive bombers. The facility, now operated by Northrop Grumman, is still an aircraft plant, pollution and toxic waste cleanup remain issues as El Segundo converts industrial sites to shopping malls and sports facilities. The north and south boundaries of the town are Los Angeles International Airport and Manhattan Beach, Aircraft noise from LAX is a major issue for residents on the north side of El Segundo. Residents are currently active in tree-planting along Imperial Highway, El Segundo is located at 33°55′17″N 118°24′22″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.5 square miles. The 2010 United States Census reported that El Segundo had a population of 16,654, the population density was 3,047.9 people per square mile. The racial makeup of El Segundo was 12,997 White,337 African American,68 Native American,1,458 Asian,38 Pacific Islander,799 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,609 persons. The Census reported that 16,578 people lived in households,66 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 369 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships
2.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
3.
State school
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State schools generally refer to primary or secondary schools mandated for or offered to all children without charge, funded in whole or in part by taxation. The term may refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State education is inclusive, both in its treatment of students and in that enfranchisement for the government of public education is as broad as for government generally and it is often organized and operated to be a deliberate model of the civil community in which it functions. Although typically provided to groups of students in classrooms in a school, it may be provided in-home, employing visiting teachers. It can also be provided in non-school, non-home settings, such as shopping mall space, State education is generally available to all. In most countries, it is compulsory for children to school up to a certain age. In the case of private schooling, schools operate independently of the state, the funding for state schools, on the other hand, is provided by tax revenues, so that even individuals who do not attend school help to ensure that society is educated. In poverty stricken societies, authorities are often lax on compulsory school attendance because child labour is exploited and it is these same children whose income-securing labor cannot be forfeited to allow for school attendance. The term public education when applied to schools is not synonymous with the term publicly funded education. Government may make a policy decision that it wants to have some financial resources distributed in support of, and it may want to have some control over. Grants-in-aid of private schools and vouchers systems provide examples of publicly funded private education, conversely, a state school may rely heavily on private funding such as high fees or private donations and still be considered state by virtue of governmental ownership and control. In some countries, private associations or churches can operate schools according to their own principles, when these specific requirements are met, especially in the area of the school curriculum, the schools will qualify to receive state funding. Proponents of state education assert it to be necessary because of the need in society for people who are capable of reading, writing. In most industrialized countries, these views are distinctly in the minority, Government schools are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents, whereas independent schools usually charge attendance fees. They can be divided into two categories, open and selective schools, the open schools accept all students from their government-defined catchment areas. Government schools educate approximately 65% of Australian students, with approximately 34% in Catholic, regardless of whether a school is part of the Government or independent systems, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks of their state or territory. The curriculum framework however provides for flexibility in the syllabus. Public or Government funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh and these schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examinations for students in years 5,8, and 10
4.
Superbad (film)
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Superbad is a 2007 American teen comedy film directed by Greg Mottola and produced by Judd Apatow. The film stars Jonah Hill and Michael Cera as Seth and Evan, before graduating, the boys want to go to a party and lose their virginities. However, their plan proves harder than expected, written by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, the script began development when Rogen and Goldberg were 13 years old, and was loosely based on their experience as seniors in Vancouver during the 1990s. The main characters have the given names as the two writers. The film received favorable reviews, with praising the dialogue. The film also proved successful, grossing a total of $169 million from only a $20 million budget. Seth and Evan are two high school seniors who lament their virginity and poor social standing, Best friends since childhood, the two are about to go off to different colleges, as Seth did not get accepted into Dartmouth like Evan. After Seth is paired with Jules during Home-Ec class, she invites him to a party at her later that night. Later, their friend Fogell comes up to the two and reveals his plans to obtain a fake ID during lunch, Seth uses this to his advantage and promises to bring alcohol to Jules party. Meanwhile, Evan runs into his crush Becca and he offers to get her some Goldslick vodka for the party, Fogells fake ID is met with derision by Seth and Evan, as it states that Fogells name is simply McLovin. After contemplating their options, Seth decides they have no choice, Fogell goes in and successfully buys the alcohol, but is interrupted when a robber enters the store, punches him in the face, and takes money from the cash register. When police officers Slater and Michaels arrive to investigate the robbery, Seth, inside the store, Slater and Michaels are apparently fooled by Fogells ID and give him a ride to the party. While arguing over what to do, Seth is hit by a car being driven by Francis, who promises to take them to a party he is attending in exchange for them not telling the police. During Fogells time with the police, they exhibit very irresponsible behavior such as drinking on the job, shooting their firearms at a stop sign, all the while, the three develop a strong friendship. When Seth and Evan arrive at the party, they discover that Francis is not welcome there. Francis is brutally beaten by Mark, the party host, while Seth fills detergent bottles from the basement with alcohol he finds in the fridge. After running away from the party, Evan and Seth begin to argue, Evan angrily responds that Seth has been holding him back for years and he does not want to miss out because of him. During the argument, Evan pushes Seth in front of the police cruiser driven by Slater and Michaels
5.
WarGames
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WarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Dabney Coleman, John Wood, the film follows David Lightman, a young hacker who unwittingly accesses WOPR, a United States military supercomputer originally programmed to predict possible outcomes of nuclear war. Lightman gets WOPR to run a war simulation, originally believing it to be a computer game. The computer, now tied into the weapons control system. The film was a box office success, costing US$12 million, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards. A sequel, WarGames, The Dead Code, was released direct to DVD on July 29,2008, during a surprise drill of a nuclear attack, many United States Air Force Strategic Missile Wing controllers prove unwilling to turn a required key to launch a missile strike. Such refusals convince John McKittrick and other engineers at NORAD that missile launch control centers must be automated. Control is given to a NORAD supercomputer, WOPR, programmed to continuously run war simulations, David Lightman, a bright, but unmotivated Seattle high school student and hacker, uses his computer to break into the school districts computer system and change his grades. He does the same for his friend and classmate Jennifer Mack, later, while war dialing numbers in Sunnyvale, California to find a computer company, he connects with a system that does not identify itself. Two hacker friends explain the concept of a password and suggest tracking down the Falken referenced in Falkens Maze. David discovers that Stephen Falken was an artificial intelligence researcher. David does not know that the Sunnyvale phone number connects to WOPR at the Cheyenne Mountain Complex and he starts a game of Global Thermonuclear War, playing as the Soviet Union. The computer starts a simulation that briefly convinces the military personnel at NORAD that actual Soviet nuclear missiles are inbound. While they defuse the situation, Joshua nonetheless continues the simulation to trigger the scenario and win the game, David learns the true nature of his actions from a news broadcast, and FBI agents arrest him and take him to NORAD. He realizes that WOPR is behind the NORAD alerts, but because he fails to convince McKittrick, David escapes NORAD by joining a tourist group and, with Jennifers help, travels to the Oregon island where Falken lives. David and Jennifer find that Falken has become despondent and believes that war is inevitable. The teenagers convince Falken that he should return to NORAD to stop WOPR, the computer stages a massive Soviet first strike with hundreds of missiles, submarines, and bombers. Believing the attack to be genuine, NORAD prepares to retaliate, Falken, David, and Jennifer convince military officials to cancel the second strike and ride out the attack
6.
Swimming
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Human swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through water or another liquid, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival. Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response. Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, as a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics, which takes place every four years. Swimming relies on the buoyancy of the human body. On average, the body has a density of 0.98 compared to water. However, buoyancy varies on the basis of body composition and the salinity of the water. Higher levels of fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy. Since the human body is slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming. As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land such as running. The density and viscosity of water also create resistance for objects moving through the water, Swimming strokes use this resistance to create propulsion, but this same resistance also generates drag on the body. Hydrodynamics is important to stroke technique for swimming faster, and swimmers who want to swim faster or tire less try to reduce the drag of the motion through the water. Just before plunging into the pool, swimmers may perform such as squatting. Squatting helps in enhancing a swimmer’s start by warming up the thigh muscles, human babies demonstrate an innate swimming or diving reflex from newborn until the age of approximately 6 months. Other mammals also demonstrate this phenomenon, Swimming can be undertaken using a wide range of styles, known as strokes, and these strokes are used for different purposes, or to distinguish between classes in competitive swimming. It is not necessary to use a stroke for propulsion through the water. There are four main strokes used in competition and recreation swimming, the front crawl, also known as freestyle, the breaststroke, the backstroke, competitive swimming in Europe started around 1800, mostly using the breaststroke. In 1873, John Arthur Trudgen introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, Swimming has been recorded since prehistoric times, and the earliest records of swimming date back to Stone Age paintings from around 7,000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC, some of the earliest references include the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible, Beowulf, and other sagas
