The Eleven Members were members of the House of Commons of England, who were identified by commanders of the New Model Army as their principal opponents. They were suspended and forced into exile for six months; after the 1648 Second English Civil War, many were permanently removed in December 1648.
Denzil Holles, one of the Eleven Members, and leader of the Presbyterian faction in Parliament
The Second English Civil War took place between February and August 1648 in England and Wales. It forms part of the series of conflicts known collectively as the 1639–1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which include the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars, the 1639–1640 Bishops' Wars, and the 1649–1653 Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
Charles I at his trial; defeat led to his execution in January 1649
Denzil Holles, a leader of the Presbyterian faction in Parliament
Carisbrooke Castle, on the Isle of Wight, where Charles was held in December 1648
Pontefract Castle in 1648, with civil war fortifications surrounding the old medieval ones.