1.
Red Hook, Brooklyn
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Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, New York. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 6, Red Hook has been part of the Town of Brooklyn since it was organized in the 1600s. It is named for the red soil and the point of land projecting into the Upper New York Bay. The village was settled by Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam in 1636, in Dutch Hoek means point or corner and not the English hook. The actual hoek of Red Hook was a point on an island that stuck out into Upper New York Bay at todays Dikeman Street west of Ferris Street. From the 1880s to the present time, people who live in the area of Red Hook have referred to their neighborhood as The Point. Today, the area is home to about 11,000 people and she was born near Wallabout Bay, which later became the site of the New York Naval Shipyard. Rapelye Street in Red Hook is named for Rapelje and his descendants, during the Battle of Brooklyn, a fort was constructed on the hoek called Fort Defiance. It is shown on a map called a Map of the Environs of Brooklyn drawn in 1780 by a loyalist engineer named George S. Sproule, the entire earthwork was about 1,600 feet long and covered the entire island. The three redoubts covered an area about 400 feet by 800 feet, the two principal earthworks were about 150 feet by 175 feet, and the tertiary one was about 75 feet by 100 feet. The Sproule and Ratzer maps show that Red Hook was an area full of tidal mill ponds created by the Dutch. General Israel Putnam came to New York on April 4,1776, to assess the state of its defenses, among the works initiated were forts on Governors Island and Red Hook, facing the bay. On April 10, one thousand Continentals took possession of both points and began constructing Fort Defiance which mounted one three pounder cannon and four eighteen pounders, the cannons were to be fired over the tops of the forts walls. In May, Washington described it as small but exceedingly strong, on July 5, General Nathanael Greene called it a post of vast importance and, three days later, Col. Varnums regiment joined its garrison. They stayed there for over a month, beating off harassing attacks and it appeared that gunfire from Fort Defiance did damage to the British ships. In 1839, the City of Brooklyn published a plan to create streets, in the 1840s, entrepreneurs began to build ports as the offloading end of the Erie Canal. These included the Atlantic, Erie and Brooklyn Basins, by the 1920s, they made Red Hook the busiest freight port in the world, but this ended in the 1960s with the advent of containerization. In the 1930s, the area was poor, and the site of the current Red Hook Houses was the site of a city for the homeless
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
4.
University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth
5.
City College of New York
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The City College of the City University of New York is a public senior college of the City University of New York in New York City. Located on a hill overlooking Harlem in Manhattan, City Colleges 35-acre Collegiate Gothic campus spans Convent Avenue from 130th to 141st Streets and it was initially designed by renowned architect George B. Post, and many of its buildings have achieved landmark status, affectionately known as the Harvard of the proletariat, the college has graduated more Nobel Prize winners than any other public university in the United States. Among these 10 alumni, the latest is a Bronx native, founded in 1847, City College was the first free public institution of higher education in the United States. It is the oldest of CUNYs 24 institutions of higher learning, the City College of New York was founded as the Free Academy of the City of New York in 1847 by wealthy businessman and president of the Board of Education Townsend Harris. A combination prep school and college, it would provide children of immigrants, in 1847, New York State Governor John Young had given permission to the Board of Education to found the Free Academy, which was ratified in a statewide referendum. Dr. Horace Webster, a West Point graduate, was the first president of the Free Academy. In 1847, a curriculum was adopted which had nine main fields, mathematics, history, language, literature, drawing, natural philosophy, experimental philosophy, law, and political economy. The Academys first graduation took place in 1853 in Niblos Garden Theatre, even in its early years, the Free Academy showed tolerance for diversity, especially in comparison to its urban neighbor, Columbia College, which was exclusive to the sons of wealthy families. The Free Academy had a framework of tolerance that extended beyond the admission of students from every social stratum, in 1854, Columbias trustees denied Oliver Wolcott Gibbs, a distinguished chemist and scientist, a faculty position because of Gibbss Unitarian religious beliefs. Gibbs was a professor and held an appointment at the Free Academy since 1848, later in the history of CCNY, in the early 1900s, President John H. Finley gave the College a more secular orientation by abolishing mandatory chapel attendance. This change occurred at a time when more Jewish students were enrolling in the College, in 1866, the Free Academy, a mens institution, was renamed the College of the City of New York. In 1929, the College of the City of New York became the City College of New York, the names City College of New York and City College, however, remain in general use. With the name change in 1866, lavender was chosen as the Colleges color, in 1867, the academic senate, the first student government in the nation, was formed. Having struggled over the issue for ten years, in 1895 the New York State legislature voted to let the College build a new campus. A four-square block site was chosen, located in Manhattanville, within the area which was enclosed by the North Campus Arches, like President Webster, the second president of City College was a West Point graduate. The second president, General Alexander S. Webb, assumed office in 1869, one of the Unions heroes at Gettysburg, General Webb was the commander of the Philadelphia Brigade. When the Union Army repulsed the Confederates at Cemetery Hill, General Webb played a role in the battle
6.
Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre
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Neighborhood Playhouse had originally been founded as an off-Broadway theatre by philanthropists Alice Lewisohn and Irene Lewisohn in 1915, but closed in 1927. The following year, it re-opened as the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre with the addition of Rita Wallach Morgenthau, sanford Meisner joined the faculty in 1935 from the Group Theatre. Meisner used his study of Russian theatre and acting innovator, Konstantin Stanislavskis System to develop his own technique, the Executive Director Emeritus of the Playhouse, Harold G. Baldridge, a graduate of the school himself, had been head of the school for 32 years. Pamela Moller Kareman serves as the current Executive Director, also a graduate of The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre, the school offers a Two Year Certificate Program, with admission to the second year dependent upon unanimous approval of the faculty. There is also a Six Week Summer Intensive, the Neighborhood Playhouse also offers Playhouse Juniors, a popular Saturday training program for children in grades 1–12. Children attend a fixed curriculum of singing, acting and dancing classes in a non-competitive environment, playwright Horton Foote met actor Robert Duvall at Neighborhood Playhouse when Duvall starred in a 1957 production of Footes play, The Midnight Caller. Foote recommended Duvall to play the part of Boo Radley in the 1962 film, To Kill a Mockingbird
7.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
8.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
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The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is a 1966 Italian epic Spaghetti Western film directed by Sergio Leone, starring Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef, and Eli Wallach in the title roles respectively. The screenplay was written by Age & Scarpelli, Luciano Vincenzoni, director of photography Tonino Delli Colli was responsible for the films sweeping widescreen cinematography and Ennio Morricone composed the films score, including its main theme. It was a co-production between companies in Italy, Spain, West Germany, and the United States, the film is known for Leones use of long shots and close-up cinematography, as well as his distinctive use of violence, tension, and stylistic gunfights. The film was the collaboration between Leone and Clint Eastwood, and the second with Lee Van Cleef. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly was marketed as the third and final installment in the Dollars Trilogy, following A Fistful of Dollars, the film was a financial success, grossing over $25 million at the box office, and is credited with catapulting Eastwood into stardom. Due to general disapproval of the Spaghetti Western genre at the time, critical reception of the film following its release was mixed, but it gained critical acclaim in later years. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is now seen as an influential example of the Western film genre. Stevens offers Angel Eyes $1,000 to kill Baker, Angel Eyess employer, Angel Eyes accepts the contract, and kills Stevens as he leaves. Angel Eyes returns to Baker for his fee, then shoots Baker, meanwhile, Mexican bandit Tuco Ramírez is rescued from three bounty hunters by Blondie, who delivers him to the local sheriff to collect his $2,000 bounty. As Tuco is about to be hanged, Blondie severs Tucos noose by shooting it, the two escape on horseback and split the bounty in a lucrative money-making scheme. They repeat the process in another town for more reward money, Blondie grows weary of Tucos complaints, and abandons him penniless in the desert. A vengeful Tuco tracks Blondie to a town being abandoned by Confederate troops, as he prepares to have Blondie hang himself, Union forces shell the town, allowing Blondie to escape. Following an arduous search, Tuco recaptures Blondie and force-marches him across a desert until Blondie collapses from dehydration, as Tuco prepares to shoot him, he sees a runaway carriage. Inside is a delirious Bill Carson, who promises Tuco $200,000 in Confederate gold, Tuco demands to know the name on the grave, but Carson collapses from thirst before answering. When Tuco returns with water, Carson has died and Blondie, slumped next to him, reveals that Carson recovered, Tuco, who now has strong motivation to keep Blondie alive, gives him water and takes him to a nearby frontier mission to recover. After Blondies recovery, the two leave in Confederate uniforms from Carsons carriage, only to be captured by Union soldiers, at roll call, Tuco answers for Bill Carson, getting the attention of Angel Eyes, now a disguised Union sergeant at the camp. Angel Eyes tortures Tuco, who reveals the name of the cemetery, realizing that Blondie will not yield to torture, Angel Eyes offers him an equal share of the gold and a partnership. Blondie agrees and rides out with Angel Eyes and his gang, Tuco is packed on a train to be executed, but escapes
9.
The Magnificent Seven
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The film is an Old West-style remake of Akira Kurosawas 1954 Japanese film Seven Samurai. The films musical score was composed by Elmer Bernstein, in 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. A poor village in Mexico is periodically raided for food and supplies by Calvera, after he and his forty mens latest raid, during which they kill a villager, the village leaders decide the situation cannot continue. They discuss it with the elder who lives just outside the village. Taking what meager objects of value the village has, a delegation rides to a town just inside the United States border hoping to barter for weapons to defend themselves with, once there they approach Chris Adams, a veteran Cajun gunslinger. Chris suggests they hire gunfighters to defend the village, which would be cheaper than buying guns and he cautions the village men that once they actively resist Calvera they will have to keep killing until all the bandits are dead. At first Chris agrees only to help the delegation find capable men, despite the poor pay offered, he is able to find five gunmen, all doing it for their own reasons. On their way to the village they are trailed by the hotheaded Chico, now impressed by his persistence, Chris invites him to join the group. Arriving at the village, they have the villagers build fortifications, each finds himself befriending particular villagers. Chico is pursued by Petra, one of the young women. Bernardo bonds with some of the villages boys, residents comfort Lee, who is struggling with nightmares and fearing the loss of his skills. Harry presses the villagers for information about any treasure, later, when Bernardo points out that the seven are consuming almost all the food in the village, the gunmen share it with the village children. Calvera and his bandits arrive, sustain heavy losses in a shootout with the seven and the villagers, Hilario and Vin, guarding against another possible attack, briefly discuss nerves on the eve of battle. Vin admits he feels such nerves, and says he envies Hilario for fighting for an honourable cause. Chico, who is Mexican, partly from recklessness and partly to impress the others, follows Calvera back to his camp and he learns that Calvera must raid the village soon because he and his men are desperate for food. Upon hearing this information, some fearful villagers call for the gunfighters to leave, even some of the seven waver, Vin is of two minds, and Harry argues they were hired merely to put up enough resistance that Calvera would move on to an easier village. But Chris insists that they stay, even threatening to kill anyone who suggests giving up the fight and they ride out to make a surprise raid on Calveras camp, but find it abandoned. Returning to the village, they find that some villagers have allowed Calvera and his men to sneak in, Calvera spares the sevens lives, believing they have learned that the simple farmers are not worth defending
10.
The Misfits (film)
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The Misfits is a 1961 American drama film written by Arthur Miller, directed by John Huston, and starring Clark Gable, Marilyn Monroe and Montgomery Clift. The supporting cast features Thelma Ritter, Eli Wallach and Kevin McCarthy and it marked the last completed film of Gable and Monroe. For Gable, the film was released, while Monroe died the following year. The plot centers on a divorced woman and her time spent with a cowboy. The film was a failure at the time of its release, but received positive critical comments for its script and performances. In Reno, Nevada, Roslyn Tabor is a 30-year-old woman who has just gotten a quickie six-week divorce from her inattentive husband Raymond, while there, they meet an aging cowboy named Gaylord Gay Langland and his tow truck driver friend Guido. They invite Roslyn and Isabelle to Guidos place in the Nevada country to help her forget about the divorce and they arrive at the unfinished house Guido built for his late wife, who died several years earlier during childbirth. Roslyn has too much to drink, so Gay drives her home to Reno, eventually, Roslyn and Gay move into Guidos half-finished house and start to work on it. One day after breakfast, Gay tells Roslyn how he wishes he were more of a father to his own children, whom he has not seen for some years. Later that afternoon, Roslyn and Gay argue when Gay states his intention to find, when Guido and Isabelle later show up at the house, Gay suggests that they round up wild mustangs to sell. They plan to go to a rodeo in Dayton to look for. Along the way, they meet Perce Howland, a friend of Gays who is also on his way to the Dayton rodeo to compete. Gay offers to pay for the broke Perces $10 rodeo entry fee if he helps the group round up mustangs for slaughter afterward. Isabelle sees her ex-husband Charles and his new wife Clara, and decides to invite them to her instead of going to the rodeo with Gay, Guido, Perce. Before the rodeo, Guido, Perce, Roslyn and Gaylord all drink heavily at a Dayton bar, the group is nearly involved in a fist fight when another patron at the bar spanks Roslyns bottom. At the rodeo, Roslyn becomes somewhat upset when Guido tells her how the horses are made to buck with a flank strap. She declares that all rodeos should be banned, later, Perce is thrown by a bucking horse and Roslyn begs him to go to a hospital, but he insists on riding a bull he had already signed up and paid to ride. He gets thrown again, resulting in a head injury, later, after Roslyn dances with Perce, he passes out in a back alley
11.
Don Altobello
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Osvaldo Ozzie Altobello is a fictional character and the primary antagonist of the film The Godfather Part III. In the film, he is portrayed by Eli Wallach, frank Sinatra biographer Tom Santopietro notes that Francis Ford Coppola approached Sinatra to play Altobello. The singer considered accepting the role, but wasnt keen on the shooting schedule. Ultimately, his wife Barbara talked him out of it, Altobello is an aging gangster and longstanding ally of the Corleone crime family. He was the consigliere of Rico Tattaglia from 1955 to 1961, by the time of Godfather III, he has become a close friend and ally of Michael Corleone. Altobello even donates one million dollars to be a part of the Vito Corleone Foundation, aside from being Michaels associate, Altobello is also Connie Corleones godfather. Altobello wants in on Michaels investments as he attempts to complete his familys move from crime-based profits to legitimate business, Altobello had left the conference room just prior to the attack. Michael escapes unharmed, but many others are killed, Michael instructs his nephew Vincent Corleone to approach Altobello pretending to pledge his allegiance to him, without promising to betray Michael. While in Sicily, Altobello enlists an assassin named Mosca to kill Michael and he plans the attack for when Michaels son, Anthony is performing in Cavalleria Rusticana at Teatro Massimo opera house. Before the performance, Connie presents Altobello a box of cannoli as a birthday gift and he suspects the cannoli may be poisoned and offers Connie the first bite. Connie takes a bite of the cannoli, reassuring him. He finishes eating the poisoned cannoli and dies in his seat as Connie watches through her opera glasses, Altobello is a supporting character in the novels The Godfather Returns and The Godfathers Revenge, set before the events of The Godfather Part III
12.
The Two Jakes
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The Two Jakes is a 1990 American neo-noir mystery film, and the sequel to the 1974 film Chinatown. Directed by and starring Jack Nicholson, it also features Harvey Keitel, Meg Tilly, Madeleine Stowe, Richard Farnsworth, Frederic Forrest, David Keith, Rubén Blades, Tracey Walter and Eli Wallach. Reprising their roles from Chinatown are Joe Mantell, Perry Lopez, James Hong, Allan Warnick and, in a brief voice-over, the character of Katherine Mulwray returns as well, played by Tilly. The musical score for the film is by Van Dyke Parks, the screenplay is by Robert Towne, whose script for Chinatown won an Academy Award. It was released by Paramount Pictures on August 10,1990, the film was not a box office success and plans for a third film about J. J. Gittes, with him near the end of his life, were abandoned. In Los Angeles in 1948, Julius Jake Berman hires private investigator J. J. Jake Gittes to catch his wife, Kitty, during the sting, Berman kills his rival, who also happens to be his business partner in a real estate development company. Gittes must convince LAPD captain Escobar that he should not be charged as an accomplice, oddly, Berman seems unconcerned with the possibility that he may be accused of murder. Gittes has the recording, which Bermans attorney Cotton Weinberger and mobster friend Mickey Nice both want, locked in a safe in his office in L. A. which is being rocked by earthquake temblors, Bermans housing development in the Valley also is experiencing seismic activities. Gittes is nearly killed in a gas explosion, waking to find Berman, Gittes has a confrontation, and later a sexual encounter, with Lilian Bodine, the dead mans angry widow. He is presented with proof that Earl Rawley, a wealthy and ruthless oil man, may be drilling under the Bodine and Berman development and this leads to a need to determine who owns the mineral rights to the land. Gittes discovers that the rights are owned by one Katherine Mulwray, daughter of Evelyn Mulwray and he also discovers that the deed transfers were executed in such a way as to attempt to hide Katherine Mulwrays prior ownership and continued claim of the mineral rights. Gittes operatives have seen Berman in the company of a woman along with Mickey Nice. With a bit of sleuthing Gittes determines that the woman is an oncologist and is treating Berman for cancer somewhere below the waist, Gittes confronts Berman with this knowledge and gets a full confession. Along the way, Gittes discovers that Berman is not going to survive, in order to get Kitty Berman to talk to him, Gittes must prove that Jake Berman set out to kill his partner. Once accomplished, Kitty agrees to meet Gittes and tell him what she knows about her husband, Kitty had never suspected that her husband is dying. In order to prove premeditation, passion, and perhaps even connections to a long missing, seemingly everyone wants the recording. Somehow, Gittes edits the recording, leaving Katherine Mulwrays name chopped out of the dialog, shooting and this makes the inquest a short, satisfying meeting where the judge has no reason to suspect murder. Jake Berman is now free of criminal charges and he doesnt want an autopsy to interfere with Kittys inheritance
13.
The Holiday
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The Holiday is a 2006 American romantic comedy film written, produced and directed by Nancy Meyers. Co-produced by Bruce A. Jude Law and Jack Black were cast as the leading men Graham and Miles, with Eli Wallach, Shannyn Sossamon, Edward Burns. Distributed by Columbia Pictures and Universal Pictures, The Holiday was first released on December 6,2006, in Spain and on December 8,2006, in North America and it grossed over $205 million worldwide. Critics praised the visual aesthetic design and the casts performances. When she learns at a company Christmas party that he is engaged to be married, on the spur of the moment she decides to get away for the Christmas holidays and visits a home-exchange website on which Iris has listed her quaint cottage in Surrey. Amanda contacts Iris, and the two women agree to swap homes for two weeks. While Iris revels in the luxury of Amandas Los Angeles home, Amanda is disappointed by the slow, Amanda grows bored after just a few hours and books a flight home for the next day. Later that night, Iriss brother, Graham, knocks at the door thinking Iris is home, Graham asks Amanda to let him spend the night despite the fact that he is a stranger, as he has been drinking at the pub and doesnt want to drive. Because of the chemistry between them, they end up sleeping together. In the morning, Graham receives phone calls from Sophie and Olivia, Graham, knowing that Amanda is planning to return home imminently, says to Amanda that if the flight gets cancelled, having dinner at the pub with friends. At the airport Amanda decides to stay and goes to the pub, Graham enters the pub and looks for her but cannot see her until he meets his friends and then sees Amanda. Amanda drinks far too much that night, and Graham agrees to stay the night with her, the next day Graham suggests they go to lunch to get to know one another better. During lunch, Amanda shares with Graham that her parents divorced when she was fifteen, Graham tells her that he cries all the time, movies, books, and birthday cards. He also reveals himself to be a book editor, while obviously enjoying each others company, Amanda is nonetheless worried that the relationship will become complicated. Meanwhile, Iris is enjoying her stay at Amandas house and she meets Ethans friend Miles when he comes with his girlfriend Maggie to Amandas house. Later, she meets an elderly neighbour named Arthur Abbott, standing lost at the corner and she learns that he was a screenwriter during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Amanda chooses not to see Graham again but, alone again in the cottage, she has a change of heart and he looks uncomfortable at the door, Amanda asks Graham whether he is alone, and he says he isnt. Before she can turn away, Olivia and Sophie come to the door, inside the house, Amanda asks Graham in a whisper if he is married
14.
Mr. Freeze
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Mr. Freeze is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. Created by Bob Kane, David Wood, and Sheldon Moldoff, the character first appeared in Batman #121, Mr. Freeze is one of Batmans most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batmans rogues gallery. The disaster lowered his body temperature to the point that he must wear a suit in order to survive. Mr. IGNs list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as #67, originally called Mr. Zero, he was renamed and popularized by the 1960s Batman television series, in which he was played by several actors. Nearly 30 years later, a adaptation of Batman revitalized him once again. Batman, The Animated Series retold Mr. Freezes origin in Heart of Ice, the episode introduced his terminally ill, cryogenically frozen wife Nora, which explained his obsession with ice and need to build a criminal empire to raise research funds. Freeze was resurrected in the comic after the episode aired, the episode was seen as groundbreaking for a Saturday morning cartoon and helped set the tone for the rest of the series. This back story was made canon in the comics and has been the characters official origin in almost every incarnation of Batman until New 52. Elements of this story were incorporated into the 1997 film Batman & Robin, in which he was portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger. From the time of his first appearance in 1959 onwards, Mr. Freeze was portrayed as one of many joke villains cast as stock enemies of Batman. Originally called Mr. Zero, the producers of the 1960s Batman television series renamed him Mr. Freeze, the three actors who portrayed Mr Freeze were George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach. Post-Crisis, Freeze was revamped using a similar backstory to the one created by Paul Dini for Batman, Dr. Victor Fries, Ph. D. was a brilliant cryogenicist. As a child, he was fascinated with cryonics, so he began his hobby of freezing animals and his parents, horrified by his fascination, sent him to a strict boarding school, where he was miserable and felt detached from humanity. In college, he met a woman named Nora, whom he fell in love with, a year and a half after Bruce Wayne becomes Batman, Nora contracts a fatal illness, while Fries works on a freeze ray for GothCorp. Fries boss Ferris Boyle decides to tell the mob about the gun, Fries decides to use the device on Nora, to put her in cryo-stasis. His boss interrupts and tampers with the experiment, however, resulting in an explosion that kills Nora, Fries survives, but the chemicals in the freeze ray lower his body temperature to the point that he must wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive. He swears revenge on those responsible for the death of his wife, and becomes Mr. Freeze, Batmans operatives find Freeze, who shoots one of them with his freeze gun. Freezes crimes tend to involve freezing everyone and everything he runs into so he never forges alliances with the criminals in Gotham
15.
Baby Doll
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Baby Doll is a 1956 American black comedy drama film directed by Elia Kazan, and starring Carroll Baker, Karl Malden and Eli Wallach. The film also features Mildred Dunnock and Rip Torn and it was produced by Kazan and Tennessee Williams, and adapted by Williams from his own one-act play 27 Wagons Full of Cotton. The film was controversial when it was released due to its sexual themes, provoking a largely successful effort to ban it. Nevertheless, the film received nominations for major awards and performed decently at the box office. The film is credited with originating the name and popularity of the babydoll nightgown, the film was featured in The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made. In the Mississippi Delta, failing, bigoted, middle-aged cotton gin owner Archie Lee Meighan has been married to pretty, empty-headed 19-year-old virgin Baby Doll Meighan for two years. Archie impatiently waits for Baby Dolls 20th birthday just a few days away when, by agreement with Baby Dolls dying father. Baby Dolls senile Aunt Rose Comfort lives in the house as well, after Archie fails to make payments to a furniture leasing company, virtually all of the furniture in the house is repossessed and Baby Doll threatens to leave. Archies competitor, Sicilian Silva Vacarro, who owns a newer and more modern cotton gin, has taken all of Archies business. Suspecting Archie as the arsonist, Vacarro plans a revenge plot and visits the farm the day with truckloads of cotton. After Vacarro outright accuses Archie of burning down his gin, Baby Doll goes to confront Archie, Vacarro comforts Baby Doll, and after becoming friendly and chasing each other throughout the house, Vacarro forces her to sign an affidavit admitting to Archies guilt. He then takes a nap in Baby Dolls crib, and is invited for supper at Baby Dolls request as a storm approaches, after Vacarro confronts Archie with the affidavit, Archie retrieves his shotgun and chases Vacarro outside while Baby Doll calls the police. The police arrive, and Archie is arrested when Vacarro presents them with the affidavit, ecstatic at his victory, Vacarro leaves the farm, abandoning Baby Doll but saying he will be back the following day with more cotton. As Archie is taken away by the police, Baby Doll and her Aunt Rose return inside the house, armstrong as Townsman Sid Madeleine Sherwood as Nurse in Doctors Office Rip Torn as Dentist Both Eli Wallach and Rip Torn made their film debuts in Baby Doll. It was Carroll Bakers third film, having appeared in Easy to Love. The film was shot in Benoit, Mississippi in the J. C. Burrus house, built in 1848, other locations were Greenville, Mississippi and New York City. According to Kazan, Williams did not stay long while the film was shooting in Benoit, some locals were used for minor roles, and one, Boll Weevil not only acted but was the production units utility man as well. The working titles for the film included the name of the play and Mississippi Woman, although Baker was Kazans first choice for the role, Williams would have preferred to see Marilyn Monroe get the part
16.
The Godfather Part III
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The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American crime film written by Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola, and directed by Coppola. A sequel to The Godfather and The Godfather Part II, it completes the story of Michael Corleone, a Mafia kingpin who attempts to legitimize his criminal empire. The film also includes fictionalized accounts of two events, the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981–82. The film stars Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, and Andy García, and features Eli Wallach, Joe Mantegna, George Hamilton, Bridget Fonda, Coppola and Puzo preferred the title, The Death of Michael Corleone, but Paramount Pictures found that unacceptable. Coppola subsequently stated that The Godfather series is two films and that Part III is the epilogue, Part III received mixed reviews compared to the critical acclaim that the first two films received. It grossed $136,766,062 and was nominated for seven Academy Awards including the Academy Award for Best Picture, in 1979, as Michael Corleone is approaching 60, he regrets his ruthless rise to power and is especially guilt-ridden for having his brother Fredo murdered. He has semi-retired from the Mafia, leaving management of the business to Joey Zasa. Michael uses his tremendous wealth and power in an attempt to rehabilitate his reputation via numerous charitable acts, Michael and Kay are divorced, their children, Anthony and Mary, live with Kay. At a ceremony in St. Patricks Old Cathedral, Michael is named a Commander of the Order of Saint Sebastian, at the reception, Anthony tells his father that he is leaving law school to become an opera singer. Kay supports his decision, but Michael asks Anthony to complete his law degree, Anthony refuses to adhere to his fathers wishes. Michael and Kay have a reunion, in which Kay reveals that she. Vincent Mancini, Sonny Corleones illegitimate son with Lucy Mancini, arrives at the reception and he is embroiled in a feud with Zasa, who has involved the Corleone family in drug trafficking and turned Little Italy into a slum. Michaels sister, Connie, arranges a meeting between Vincent and Zasa, when Zasa calls Vincent a bastard, Vincent bites Zasas ear. Vincent overpowers two hitmen sent to him and learns that Zasa was responsible. Michael, troubled by Vincents fiery temper but impressed by his family loyalty and he makes a tender offer to buy the Vaticans 25% share in the company, which will give him controlling interest. Immobiliares board quickly approve the offer, pending ratification by the Pope, Don Altobello, an elderly New York Mafia boss and Connies godfather, visits Michael, telling him that his old partners on the Commission want in on the Immobiliare deal. Michael wants the deal untainted by Mafia involvement and pays off the mob bosses from the sale of his Las Vegas holdings, Zasa receives nothing and, declaring Michael his enemy, storms out. Altobello follows Zasa, saying he will reason with him, minutes later, a helicopter hovers outside the conference room and opens fire
17.
Batman (TV series)
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Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin — two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains and it is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality. This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk. One hundred and twenty episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12,1966, to March 14,1968, twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Batman as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time, ostensibly a crime series, the style of the show was in fact campy and tongue-in-cheek. It was a situation comedy, in that situations were exaggerated and were generally played for laughs. This increased as the seasons wore on, with the addition of ever greater absurdity, the characters, however, always took the absurd situations extremely seriously - which added to the comedy. The series focused on the adventures of Batman and Robin, the Dynamic Duo typically come to the aid of the Gotham City Police upon the latter being stumped by a supervillain. Throughout each episode, Batman and Robin have to follow a series of clues to discover the plan, then figure out how to thwart that plan. For the first two seasons, Batman aired twice a week on consecutive nights, every story is a two-parter, except for two three-parters featuring villainous team ups in the second season. The titles of each story usually rhymed. For the third season, which aired once a week, most episodes were self-contained stories and this would inevitably be resolved early in the follow-up episode. By relying heavily on a formula, it easy to spoof various elements of that formula. The typical story begins with a villains caper, in his office, Commissioner Gordon, along with Chief OHara, learn of the crime and the culprit. Helpless to stop the villain, they contact Batman via the Batphone - a bright red telephone that provides a direct link to Batman. At stately Wayne Manor, Alfred answers the Batphone and informs Bruce Wayne of the call, frequently, Wayne and his ward, Dick Grayson, are found talking with Dicks aunt, Harriet Cooper, who is unaware of Bruce and Dicks secret identities. Alfred discreetly interrupts and they excuse themselves to go to the Batphone in Waynes study, upon learning the details from Gordon, Wayne turns a switch concealed within a bust of Shakespeare that stands on his desk to reveal two firemans poles hidden behind a sliding bookcase. Wayne exclaims, and he and Grayson slide down the poles that lead to the Batcave, similar in style and content to the 1940s serials, Batman and Robin would arrive at the bottom of the Batpoles in the Batcave in full costume
18.
Anne Jackson
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Anna Jane Anne Jackson was an American actress of stage, screen, and television. She was the wife of actor Eli Wallach, with whom she often co-starred, in 1956, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in Paddy Chayefskys Middle of the Night. In 1963, she won an Obie Award for Best Actress for her performance in two Off-Broadway plays, The Typists and The Tiger. Jackson was born in Millvale, Pennsylvania in 1925, the daughter of Stella Germaine and John Ivan Jackson and she was the youngest of three children, after Catherine, eight years older, and Beatrice, three years older. Her year of birth had been misreported for years as 1926, Jacksons mother was of Irish Catholic descent and her father, whose original name was Ivan Jchekovitch, had emigrated from Croatia in 1918. Her family moved to Brooklyn, New York when she was eight years old and she attended Franklin K. Lane High School. In New York, Jackson trained at the Neighborhood Playhouse and The Actors Studio and she made her Broadway debut in 1945. Her theater credits included Summer and Smoke, Arms and the Man, Luv, The Waltz of the Toreadors, Mr. Peters Connections and she narrated Stellaluna on an episode of the PBS series Reading Rainbow. In March,2017, the Harry Ransom Center announced the acquisition of Anne Jacksons archive along with her husbands and it will be made available to the public when cataloging is complete. Jackson was married to actor Eli Wallach, with whom she acted frequently, from March 5,1948 and they had three children, Peter, Katherine, and Roberta. Her marriage to Wallach was one of the longest and most successful in the industry and she later taught at the HB Studio in Manhattan, and continued to act in cameo roles. Jackson died at her home in Manhattan on April 12,2016, Anne Jackson at the Internet Movie Database Anne Jackson at the Internet Off-Broadway Database Anne Jacksons papers at the University of Wisconsins Actors Studio audio collection
19.
Joan Wallach Scott
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Joan Wallach Scott, is an American historian of France with contributions in gender history and intellectual history. She is the Harold F. Linder Professor at the School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, among her publications was the article Gender, A Useful Category of Historical Analysis, published in 1986 in the American Historical Review. She was born Joan Wallach in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Lottie and Sam Wallach and her family was Jewish, and her father was born in Dolina, Poland. She graduated from Brandeis in 1962 and received her PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1969, at Brown University she was founding director of the Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women, and the Nancy Duke Lewis University Professor and professor of history. She serves on the boards of Signs, Differences, History and Theory and, since January 2006. In 2010, she helped to found History of the Present, Scott has written that it was during her time at the Pembroke Center that she first started to think about theory and gender. Scott has also played a role in the American Association of University Professors as the chair of its Committee on Academic Freedom. Drawing on a range of thought, as well as on a rethinking of her own training as a labor historian. Her current work focuses on the relationship of the particularity of gender to the universalizing force of democratic politics. Scotts work has been concerned with modern French history and with the history of gender. According to Scott, the male and white Western historians have over the centuries promoted the idea of one Truth in history. Instead, if one grants that meanings are constructed through exclusions, one must acknowledge, Scotts earlier work on French history as often been history from below dealing with the lives of ordinary French people instead of the high and mighty. Despite their presence, women are marginal in the book, they serve to underline, Scott argues that the two forms of womens history, namely social history and herstory histories are completely inadequate for explaining the experience of women in history. Thus in Scotts view, social historians integrate the experience of women too much into the story while herstory historians do the opposite. Scott argues that only way of writing womens history is using the concept of gender. Sex refers to the differences between men and women, whereas gender refers to the social roles assigned to the sexes. Ones sex is biologically determined whereas gender is a more fluid category as ideas and ideals of masculinity and femininity differed from society to society and from time to time. Scott argues that historians who take this viewpoint are all grossly sexist as such a viewpoint assumes that men are naturally the dominating sex and women are naturally the dominated sex
20.
Character actor
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A character actor or character actress is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters. The term, often contrasted with that of leading actor, is somewhat abstract, in a literal sense, all actors can be considered character actors since they all play characters, but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role. In either case, character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras, the term is used primarily to describe television and film actors, and is less used to describe theater actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor, if they play such roles convincingly and memorably. Unlike leading actors, they are seen as less glamorous. Generally, the names of actors are not featured prominently in movie and television advertising on the marquee. Some character actors have distinctive voices or accents, or they develop memorable mannerisms, a character actor with a long career may not have a well-known name, yet may be instantly recognizable. During the course of a career, an actor can sometimes shift between leading roles and secondary roles. Some leading actors, as they get older, find that access to leading roles is limited by their increasing age, in the past, actors of color, who were often barred from roles for which they were otherwise suited, found work performing ethnic stereotypes. Sometimes character actors have developed based on specific talents needed in genre films, such as dancing, horsemanship, acrobatics, swimming ability. Some character actors develop a following with a particular audience. Ed Lauter usually portrayed a menacing figure because of his long, angular face which was recognized in public. Character actors can play a variety of types, such as the femme fatale, gunslinger, sidekick, town drunk, villain, whore with a heart of gold, Character actors subsume themselves into the characters they portray, such that their off-screen acting persona is practically unrecognizable. According to one view, great actors are rarely out of work. They are also highly regarded by fellow actors. Stock character Commedia dellarte Quinlan, David, quinlans Illustrated Directory of Film Character Actors. Character Kings, Hollywoods Familiar Faces Discuss the Art & Business of Acting
21.
Sanford Meisner
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Sanford Meisner, also known as Sandy, was an American actor and acting teacher who developed an approach to acting instruction that is now known as the Meisner technique. Meisner maintained an emphasis on the reality of doing, which was the foundation of his approach, born in Brooklyn, Meisner was the oldest of four children. Sanford, Jacob, Ruth, and Robert were the children of Hermann Meisner, a furrier, in an attempt to improve Sanfords health, the family took a trip to the Catskills, where Jacob was fed unpasteurized milk. As a result, Jacob contracted bovine tuberculosis and died shortly thereafter, in an interview many years later, Meisner later identified this event as the dominant emotional influence in my life from which I have never, after all these years, escaped. Blamed by his parents for Jacobs death, the young Meisner became isolated and withdrawn and he found release in playing the family piano and eventually attended the Damrosch Institute of Music where he studied to become a concert pianist. When the Great Depression hit, Meisners father pulled him out of school to help in the family business in New York Citys Garment District. Meisner believed this helped him develop an acute sense of sound. Later, as a teacher, he often evaluated his students scene work with his eyes closed. This trick was only partly for effect, the habit, he explained, actually helped him to more closely to his students work and to pinpoint the true. After graduation from school, Meisner pursued acting professionally, which had interested him since his youth. He had acted at the Lower East Sides Chrystie Street Settlement House under the direction of Lee Strasberg, at 19, Meisner heard that the Theatre Guild was hiring teenagers. After a brief interview, he was hired as an extra for They Knew What They Wanted, the experience deeply affected him and he realized that acting was what he had been looking for in life. He and Strasberg both appeared in the original Theatre Guild production of the Rodgers and Hart review The Garrick Gaieties, despite his parents misgivings, Meisner continued to pursue a career in acting, receiving a scholarship to study at the Theatre Guild of Acting. Here he encountered once again Harold Clurman and Lee Strasberg, in 1931, Clurman, Strasberg, and Cheryl Crawford selected 28 actors to form the Group Theatre. This company exerted an influence on the art of acting in the United States. Meisner summered with the Group Theatre at their headquarters at Pine Brook Country Club in the countryside of Nichols. Meisner, along with a number of actors in the company. As a result, Meisner began to focus on a new approach to the art of acting, when the Group Theatre disbanded in 1940, Meisner continued as head of the acting program at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York, at which he had taught since 1935
22.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
23.
Lee Strasberg
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Lee Strasberg was a Polish-born American actor, director, and theatre practitioner. He was born in a part of Galicia, Austrian Poland and he co founded, with directors Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford, the Group Theatre in 1931, which was hailed as Americas first true theatrical collective. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute has its own sets of entrance criteria required for admission into their program. Former student Elia Kazan directed James Dean in East of Eden, as a student, Dean wrote that Actors Studio was the greatest school of the theater the best thing that can happen to an actor. Playwright Tennessee Williams, writer of A Streetcar Named Desire, said of Strasbergs actors and they communicate emotions they really feel. They give you a sense of life, directors such as Sidney Lumet, a former student, have intentionally used actors skilled in Strasbergs method. Kazan, in his autobiography, wrote, He carried with him the aura of a prophet, a magician, a doctor, a psychoanalyst. Was the force held the thirty-odd members of the theatre together. Today, Ellen Burstyn, Al Pacino, and Harvey Keitel lead this nonprofit studio dedicated to the development of actors, playwrights and he also appeared in. And Justice for All. Strasbergs personal papers, including photos, are archived at the Library of Congress, Lee Strasberg was born Israel Strassberg in Budzanów in Austrian Poland, to Jewish parents, Baruch Meyer Strassberg and his wife, Ida, née Diner, and was the youngest of three sons. His father emigrated to New York while his family remained in their village with an uncle. His father, who worked as a presser in the garment industry, sent first for his eldest son, finally, enough money was saved to bring over his wife and his two remaining sons. In 1909, the family was reunited on Manhattans Lower East Side, a relative introduced him to the theater by giving him a small part in a Yiddish-language production being performed by the Progressive Drama Club. He later joined the Chrystie Street Settlement Houses drama club, when he was 23 years old, he enrolled in the Clare Tree Major School of the Theater. He became a naturalized United States citizen on January 16,1939, had his life-shaping revelation when Stanislavski brought his Moscow Art Theatre to the United States in 1923. He had seen good acting before, of course, but never an ensemble like this with actors completely surrendering their egos to the work. E observed, first of all, that all the actors, whether they were playing leads or small parts, worked with the same commitment, no actors idled about posing and preening. More important, every actor seemed to some sort of unspoken, yet palpable
24.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
25.
How the West Was Won (film)
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How the West Was Won is a 1962 American Metrocolor epic-Western film. The picture was one of the last old-fashioned epic films made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to enjoy great success, set between 1839 and 1889, it follows four generations of a family as they move ever westward, from western New York state to the Pacific Ocean. The picture was filmed in the curved-screen three-projector Cinerama process, the film is narrated by Spencer Tracy. The score was listed at #25 on AFIs 100 Years of Film Scores, the film also gained unanimous widespread critical acclaim, and a perfect 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. In 1997, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Zebulon Prescott and his family set out west for the frontier via the Erie Canal, along the journey, they meet mountain man, Linus Rawlings, who is traveling east, to Pittsburgh, to trade his furs. Rawlings and Zebulons daughter, Eve are attracted to each other, Linus Rawlings stops at an isolated trading post, run by a murderous clan of river pirates, headed by Alabama Colonel Jeb Hawkins. Linus is betrayed when he accompanies seductive Dora Hawkins, into a cave, modeled after the real outlaw haunt, of Cave-In-Rock State Park, Dora Hawkins stabs him in the back and Rawlings falls into a deep hole. He is not seriously wounded, and is able to rescue the Prescott party from a similar fate, the bushwhacking thieves, including Dora, are dispatched, being killed in an attack by Rawlings, in a form of rough, frontier justice. Linus, finding that he live without Eve, reappears. She insists on homesteading, at the spot where her parents died, Eves sister Lilith chooses to go to St. Louis, where she finds work performing in a dance hall. She attracts the attention of professional gambler Cleve Van Valen, after overhearing that she has just inherited a California gold mine, and to avoid paying his debts to another gambler, Cleve joins the wagon train taking her there. He and wagonmaster Roger Morgan court her along the way, surviving an attack by Cheyenne Indians, Lilith and Cleve arrive at the mine, only to find that it is worthless. Lilith returns to work in a hall in a camp town. Morgan finds her and again proposes marriage unromantically and she tells him, Not now, not ever. Later, Lilith is singing in the salon of a riverboat. By chance, Cleve is a passenger, when he hears Liliths voice, he leaves the poker table to propose to her. He tells her of the opportunities waiting in the growing city of San Francisco
26.
Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps
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Wall Street, Money Never Sleeps is a 2010 American drama film directed by Oliver Stone, a sequel to Wall Street. It stars Michael Douglas, Shia LaBeouf, Josh Brolin, Carey Mulligan, Frank Langella, Susan Sarandon and, in his film role before his death in 2014. The film takes place in New York,23 years after the original, principal photography took place in New York between September and November 2009. After having its release date moved twice, Money Never Sleeps was released worldwide on September 24,2010. Prior to its release, many journalists connected to the financial industry were reportedly shown advance screenings of the film. In 2001, Gordon Gekko is released from prison after serving eight years for insider trading, seven years later, Gekko is promoting his new book Is Greed Good. Warning about the economic downturn. His estranged daughter, Winnie, runs a small, non-profit news website and is dating Jacob Moore, Jacob is a protégé of managing director Louis Zabel, and is trying to raise money for a fusion research project which would create massive amounts of clean energy for the world. Jake is also assisting his mother, who has begun a new career selling real estate. When the recession of 2008 hits, Keller Zabels stock loses more than 50% of its value, Zabel kills himself by jumping in front of a subway train because he cannot handle the stress and embarrassment of losing his company. A distraught Jacob proposes marriage to Winnie, who accepts, then attends a lecture given by Gordon Gekko, Gekko tells him that Keller Zabels collapse started when rumors of the company having toxic debt started to spread. Jacob and Gekko arrange a trade, Jacob will try to reconcile Winnies and Gekkos relationship, Jake, aided by Gekko, learns that Bretton James profited from the Keller Zabel collapse. In revenge, Jake spreads rumors about the nationalization of an Equatorial Guinea oil field owned by Churchill Schwartz, the company loses $120 million, but Bretton offers Jake a job, impressed by his initiative. In his new position, Jake convinces Chinese investors to fund the research by Dr. Masters he has been supporting. Jake attends a fundraiser with Winnie and pays for a seat at a table for Gekko priced at $10,000, Gekko confronts Bretton about what he did to him and also to Zabel. Bretton mocks him that no one cares what Gekko knows or thinks anymore, Gekko also bumps into Bud Fox, and they discuss their shared experience going to jail. Gekko then follows Winnie outside, where she explains why she blames him for everything that went wrong, Gekko claims he paid for the best therapists and even paid off a drug dealer to stop selling to Rudy, who died from an overdose. As the economy starts to crumble, Bretton and business mentor Julius Steinhardt advise federal regulators what drastic actions must be taken, jakes mother continues to come to him for large sums of money
27.
The Ghost Writer (film)
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The Ghost Writer is a 2010 Franco-German-British political thriller film directed by Roman Polanski. The film is an adaptation of a Robert Harris novel, The Ghost, with the written by Polanski. It stars Ewan McGregor, Pierce Brosnan, Kim Cattrall and Olivia Williams, the film won numerous cinematic awards including Best Director for Polanski at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival and also at the 23rd European Film Awards in 2010. A British ghostwriter is hired by the publishing firm Rhinehart, Inc. to complete the autobiography of former Prime Minister Adam Lang and his predecessor and Langs aide, Mike McAra, has recently died in an apparent drowning accident. The writer travels to Old Haven on Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, Amelia forbids the writer from taking McAras manuscript outside, emphasizing that it is a security risk. Lang faces prosecution by the International Criminal Court unless he stays in the U. S, while Lang is in Washington, the writer finds items in McAras room suggesting he might have stumbled across a dark secret. Among them is an envelope containing photographs and a number the writer discovers is Rycarts. During a bike ride, the writer encounters an old man who tells him the current couldnt have taken McAras body from the ferry where he disappeared to the beach where it was discovered. He also reveals a neighbour saw flashlights on the beach the night McAra died, later, Ruth admits to the writer Lang had never been very political, and until recently always took her advice. When he tells her the old story, she suddenly rushes out into the rainy night to clear her head. Upon returning, she reveals Lang and McAra had argued the night before the death. The next morning, the writer takes the BMW X5 McAra used on his last journey, unable to cancel the pre-programmed directions on the cars sat-nav, he decides to follow them. He arrives in Belmont at the home of Professor Paul Emmett, when the writer tells Emmett the sat-nav proves McAra visited him the night he died, Emmett denies meeting McAra and becomes evasive. The writer leaves, and successfully eludes a car that is pursuing him and he boards the ferry back to Marthas Vineyard, but when he sees the pursuit car drive aboard, he flees the boat at the last moment and checks into a small motel by the ferry dock. With no one else to turn to, the writer redials Rycarts number, while waiting, the writer does research on Emmett and links his think tank to a military contractor. He also finds leads connecting Emmett to the CIA, Rycart further claims that McAra found new evidence, which he wrote about in the beginning of the manuscript. The men cannot, however, find anything in the early pages, the writer discusses Emmetts relationship with Lang, while Rycart recounts how Langs decisions as Prime Minister uniformly benefited U. S. interests. When the writer is summoned to accompany Lang on his flight by private jet, he confronts Lang
28.
British Academy Film Awards
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The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts to honour the best British and international contributions to film. Between 2008 and 2016, the ceremony was held in central London at the Royal Opera House, the 70th British Academy Film Awards were held on 12 February 2017 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. British Academy of Film and Television Arts was founded in 1947 as The British Film Academy, by David Lean, Alexander Korda, Carol Reed, Charles Laughton, Roger Manvell and others. BAFTA stated charitable purpose is to support, develop and promote the art forms of the image, by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners. In addition to awards ceremonies BAFTA runs a year-round programme of educational events including film screenings. BAFTA is supported by a membership of about 6,000 people from the film, television, the Academys awards are in the form of a theatrical mask designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe, which was commissioned by the Guild of Television Producers in 1955. The ceremony previously took place in April or May and since 2002 it takes place in February in order to precede the Oscars. The awards are open to all nationalities, though there is an award for Outstanding British Film. Only UK films are eligible for the categories of The British Short Film, the Awards ceremony is delayed broadcast on British television the same evening, and across the world for example its shown on BBC America in the United States. It has been broadcast in colour since 1970, the award ceremony is held in London. From 2000 to 2007 the ceremonies took place at the flagship Odeon cinema in Leicester Square, between 2008 and 2016, the ceremonies took place at the Royal Opera House. The 70th Awards in 2017 were held at the Royal Albert Hall, until 2012, the mobile network Orange sponsored the awards and starting in 2013 Oranges parent company, EE, began sponsorship. British Academy of Film and Television Arts British Academy Television Awards Official website BAFTA Awards database Museum of Broadcast Communications, BAFTA IMDB, BAFTA
29.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
30.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
31.
Harry Ransom Center
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The Ransom Center houses 36 million literary manuscripts,1 million rare books,5 million photographs, and more than 100,000 works of art. The Center has a room for scholars and galleries which display rotating exhibitions of works. Harry Ransom founded the Humanities Research Center in 1957 with the ambition of expanding the rare books and he acquired the Edward Alexander Parsons Collection, the T. Edward Hanley Collection, and the Norman Bel Geddes Collection. The Center moved into its current building in 1972, after Robertss tenure, John Payne and then Carlton Lake served as interim directors from 1976 to 1980. It was during this time that the Center acquired its complete copy of the Gutenberg Bible, in 1980, the Center hired Decherd Turner as director. Upon Decherd Turners retirement in 1988, Thomas F. Staley became director of the Center, Staley has acquired the Woodward and Bernstein Watergate Papers, a copy of the Plantin Polyglot Bible, and more than 100 literary archives. In September 2013, Stephen Enniss was appointed director of the Ransom Center, Enniss was formerly the Head Librarian of the Folger Shakespeare Library. The two most prominent items in the Ransom Centers collections are a Gutenberg Bible and Nicéphore Niépces View from the Window at Le Gras, both of these objects are on permanent display in the main lobby. Beyond these, the Center houses many important documents and artifacts. Particular strengths include modern literature, performing arts, and photography, the first edition of the book Os Lusíadas, printed in 1572. E. Lawrence, D. H. Lawrence, T. H, boyle, McSweeneys, Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Ian McEwan. S. Eliot, John Osborne, Edward Gordon Craig, J. B, the organizational archives of B. J. Simmons, Theatre Guild, and the College of Fellows of the American Theatre. A historic collection of 19th and 20th century portrait photography of actors and dancers, and production photography holdings including Joseph Abeles and Leo Friedman, Fred Fehl, design archives of Norman Bel Geddes, Gordon Conway, Eldon Elder, and Boris Aronson. David Garricks diary from his 1751 trip to Paris, which belonged to Harry Houdini. John Wilkes Booths personal production promptbook for Richard III, original costumes from the Ballets Russes including pieces from Narcisse and The Rite of Spring. Design holdings include two of Pablo Picassos costume designs and a set design from The Three-Cornered Hat, the original manuscripts for George Aikens 1852 stage adaptation of Uncle Toms Cabin and the archive of its producing company, George C. A1730 manuscript of George Frideric Handels Coronation Anthems made by his principal copyist. The papers of Robert De Niro, David O. Selznick, Nicholas Ray, Edward Carrick, Alfred Junge, Jay Presson Allen, Lewis Allen, Ernest Lehman, King Vidor, Tobe Hooper and Gloria Swanson
32.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
33.
Poland
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Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church
34.
Italian Americans
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Italian Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Italy, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States, about 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. Immigration began in earnest during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated than during the five previous decades altogether. The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to America. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year, further immigration would be greatly limited by a number of restrictive laws passed by Congress in the 1920s. Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy and Sicily, after unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps, Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, the Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17 million Americans claim Italian ancestry, third only to Brazil with 31 million, and Argentina, Italians and their descendants in America have helped to shape the country and, in turn, have adapted to it. They have gained prominence in politics, sports, the media, the arts, the culinary arts. Italian navigators and explorers played a key role in the discovery, exploration, christopher Columbus, the explorer who first reached the Americas in 1492–1504, was Italian. Another notable Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502, is the source of the name America. Englands claims in North America were based on the voyages of the Italian explorer John Cabot, in 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to map the Atlantic coast of todays United States, and to enter New York Bay. In 1539, Marco da Nizza, explored the territory later became the states of Arizona. In the 17th century, Henri de Tonti, together with the French explorer LaSalle, De Tonti founded the first European settlement in Illinois in 1679, and in Arkansas in 1683. With LaSalle, he co-founded New Orleans, and was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years and his brother Alphonse de Tonty, with French explorer Antoine Cadillac, was the co-founder of Detroit in 1701, and was its acting colonial governor for 12 years. Spain and France were Catholic countries and sent many missionaries to convert the native population, included among these missionaries were numerous Italians
35.
Ann Sheridan
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Clara Lou Ann Sheridan was an American actress and singer. She worked regularly from 1934 to her death in 1967, first in film, notable roles include Angels with Dirty Faces, The Man Who Came to Dinner, Kings Row, Nora Prentiss and I Was a Male War Bride. Born in Denton, Texas on February 21,1915, Sheridan was the daughter of G. W. Sheridan and she said that her father was a great-great-nephew of Civil War Union general Philip Sheridan. She was active in dramatics at Denison High School and at North Texas State Teachers College and she also sang with the colleges stage band. In 1933, she was a student at North Texas State Teachers College when her sister sent a photograph of her to Paramount Pictures. She subsequently entered and won a beauty contest, with part of her prize being a bit part in a Paramount film and she left college to pursue a career in Hollywood. After making her film début in 1934, aged 19, in Search for Beauty, Paramount made little effort to develop Sheridans talent, so she left, signing a contract with Warner Bros. in 1936, and changing her name to Ann Sheridan. Sheridans career prospects began to improve and she received as many as 250 marriage proposals from fans in a single week. Tagged The Oomph Girl—a sobriquet which she reportedly loathed—Sheridan was a popular girl in the early 1940s. She was the heroine of a novel, Ann Sheridan and the Sign of the Sphinx, written by Kathryn Heisenfelt, while the heroine of the story was identified as a famous actress, the stories were entirely fictitious. The story was written for a young teenage audience and is reminiscent of the adventures of Nancy Drew. It is part of a known as Whitman Authorized Editions,16 books published between 1941 and 1947 that always featured a film actress as heroine. She also appeared in musicals as It All Came True. She was also memorable in two of her biggest hits, Nora Prentiss and The Unfaithful, both in 1947, despite these successes, her career began to decline. Her role in I Was a Male War Bride, directed by Howard Hawks and co-starring Cary Grant, gave her another success, in 1950, she appeared on the ABC musical television series Stop the Music. In 1962, she played the lead in The Mavis Grant Story on the Western series Wagon Train, in the middle 1960s, Sheridan appeared on the NBC soap opera Another World. The 19th episode of the series, Beware the Hangman, aired, as scheduled, for her contributions to the motion picture industry, Ann Sheridan has a star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame at 7024 Hollywood Boulevard. Sheridan married actor Edward Norris August 16,1936, in Ensenada and they separated a year later and divorced in 1939
36.
Walter Cronkite
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Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. was an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years. During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, Kennedy, civil rights pioneer Martin Luther King, Jr. and Beatles musician John Lennon. He was also known for his coverage of the U. S. space program. He was the only recipient of a Moon-rock award. Cronkite is well known for his departing catchphrase And thats the way it is, Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. was born on November 4,1916, in Saint Joseph, Missouri, the son of Helen Lena, and Dr. Walter Leland Cronkite, a dentist. He had remote Dutch ancestry on his fathers side, the family surname originally being Krankheyt, Cronkite lived in Kansas City, Missouri, until he was ten, when his family moved to Houston, Texas. He was a member of the Boy Scouts and he attended college at the University of Texas at Austin, entering in the Fall term of 1933, where he worked on the Daily Texan and became a member of the Nu chapter of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He also was a member of the Houston chapter of DeMolay, while attending UT, Cronkite had his first taste of performance, appearing in a play with fellow student Eli Wallach. He dropped out in 1935, not returning for the Fall term and he dropped out of college in his junior year, in the fall term of 1935, after starting a series of newspaper reporting jobs covering news and sports. He entered broadcasting as an announcer for WKY in Oklahoma City. In 1936, he met his wife, Mary Elizabeth Maxwell, while working as the sports announcer for KCMO in Kansas City. His broadcast name was Walter Wilcox and he would explain later that radio stations at the time did not want people to use their real names for fear of taking their listeners with them if they left. In Kansas City, he joined the United Press in 1937 and he became one of the top American reporters in World War II, covering battles in North Africa and Europe. With his name now established, he received a job offer from Edward R. Murrow at CBS News to join the Murrow Boys team of war correspondents, CBS offered Cronkite $125 a week along with commercial fees amounting to $25 for almost every time Cronkite reported on air. Up to that point, he had been making $57.50 per week at UP, when he informed his boss Harrison Salisbury, UP countered with a raise of $17.50 per week, Hugh Baillie also offered him an extra $20 per week to stay. Cronkite ultimately accepted the UP offer, a move which angered Murrow and he also landed in a glider with the 101st Airborne in Operation Market Garden and covered the Battle of the Bulge. After the war, he covered the Nuremberg trials and served as the United Press main reporter in Moscow from 1946 to 1948, in 1950, Cronkite joined CBS News in its young and growing television division, again recruited by Murrow. Cronkite began working at WTOP-TV, the CBS affiliate in Washington and he originally served as anchor of the networks 15-minute late-Sunday-evening newscast Up To the Minute, which followed Whats My Line. at 11,00 pm ET from 1951 through 1962
37.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
38.
Hawaii
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Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21,1959. Hawaii is the only U. S. state located in Oceania and it is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U. S. state not located in the Americas, the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest island in the group, it is called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania, Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U. S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U. S. states. It is the state with an Asian plurality. The states coastline is about 750 miles long, the fourth longest in the U. S. after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, the state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawaiʻi is that was named for Hawaiʻiloa and he is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi is very similar to Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, cognates of Hawaiʻi are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori, Rarotongan and Samoan. According to linguists Pukui and Elbert, lsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the home, but in Hawaii. A somewhat divisive political issue arose in 1978 when the Constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as an official state language. The title of the constitution is The Constitution of the State of Hawaii. Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution uses The State of Hawaii, diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, predates the use of the okina and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the government recognized Hawaii as the official state name. Official government publications, department and office titles, and the Seal of Hawaii use the spelling with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length
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Officer Candidate School
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Officer Candidate School or Officer Cadet School are institutions which train civilians and enlisted personnel in order for them to gain a commission as officers in the armed forces of a country. How OCS is run differs between countries and services, typically, Officer Candidates are already Bachelors Degree holders, has a short duration of training which focuses primarily on military skills and leadership. This is in contrast with service academies which include academic instruction leading to a bachelors degree, Officer Cadet School of Australia – Portsea commenced training officers for the Australian Army in 1951 and continued through to the end of 1985. Since OCS Portseas closure in 1985, all Australian Army Officer training has been conducted at the Royal Military College, during the Vietnam War, the Officer Training Unit, Scheyville was used to train and commission National Servicemen as 2nd Lieutenants between 1965 and 1972. A transfiguration took place with some personnel from the Philippine Constabulary being transferred to form the nucleus of the Philippine Army. However, the 10-year program was incomplete by the time World War II broke out in the Pacific, nevertheless, many of its trainees were called to active duty to serve throughout the war mainly with the U. S. Army Forces in the Far East. Early training was held at Camp Tinio, Bangad, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Nichols Air Base in Pasay City, some graduates of these classes were sent to conflicts in both Korea and Vietnam. Later, the OCS training location was moved to Camp Capinpin, Tanay, in 1993, OCS started accepting two foreign officer candidates from the Royal Brunei Armed Forces who joined the Officer Candidate Course Balikatan Class 12-94. In 1994, five female OCs belonging to AFPOCS Balikatan Class 12-94 graduated to become the first female officers of the AFP and were not included anymore as Womens Auxiliary Corps officers. Some Filipino officer candidates were sent to train in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore. In Singapore, Officer Cadet School is a school within SAFTI Military Institute, other schools within the SAFTI MI complex include SAF Advanced Schools and Singapore Command and Staff College. Like the other schools on SAFTI MI, OCS is an institution which trains officers of the Army, Navy. A great deal of symbolism exists within the SAFTI MI complex to remind officers, unlike other countries, OCS is the only route to a commission in the SAF. Even selected cadets who hold scholarships to train in friendly service academies must complete two thirds of OCS and receive their commission before undergoing further training overseas, OCS in Singapore lasts approximately 38 weeks. The first term consists of knowledge applicable to all services. Subsequently, Officer Cadets are streamed into their services based on aptitude and personal preference, the Academys stated aim is to be the national centre of excellence for leadership. All British Army officers, including officers who were previously Warrant Officers. The Academy is the British Army equivalent of the Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth, Royal Air Force College Cranwell, the courses generally last from six to seventeen weeks and include classroom instruction in military subjects, physical training, and leadership
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Abilene, Texas
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Abilene is a city in Taylor and Jones counties in West Texas, United States. The population was 117,063 according to the 2010 census and it is the principal city of the Abilene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2011 estimated population of 166,416. It is the county seat of Taylor County, Dyess Air Force Base is located on the west side of the city. Abilene is located off Interstate 20, between exits 279 on its edge and 292 on the east. Abilene is 150 miles west of Fort Worth, Texas, the city is looped by I-20 to the north, US 83/84 on the west, and Loop 322 to the east. A railroad divides the city down the center north and south. The historic downtown area is on the side of the railroad. Many developments have begun in these three areas within the last few years, established by cattlemen as a stock shipping point on the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881, the city was named after Abilene, Kansas, the original endpoint for the Chisholm Trail. The T&P had bypassed the town of Buffalo Gap, the county seat at the time, eventually, a landowner north of Buffalo Gap, Clabe Merchant, known as the father of Abilene, chose the name for the new town. According to a Dallas newspaper, about 800 people had begun camping at the townsite. The town was out by Colonel J. Stoddard Johnson. By the end of the first day,139 lots were sold for a total of $23,810, and another 178 lots were sold the next day for $27,550. Abilene was incorporated soon after being founded in 1881, and Abilenians began to set their sights on bringing the county seat to Abilene, in 1888, the Progressive Committee was formed to attract businesses to the area, which later became the Board of Trade in 1890. By 1900,3,411 people lived in Abilene, and in that decade, however, this committee failed when the population only hit 9,204 in 1910. Replacing it was the Young Mens Booster Club, which became the Abilene Chamber of Commerce in 1914, the cornerstone was laid for the first of three future universities in Abilene, called Simmons College, in 1891, which later became Hardin-Simmons University. Childers Classical Institute followed in 1906, currently Abilene Christian University, in 1923, McMurry College was founded and later became McMurry University. Much more recently, Abilene succeeded in bringing Cisco Junior College and Texas State Technical College branches to Abilene, with the Cisco Junior College headquarters being located in Abilene. In 1940, Abilene raised the money to land for a U. S. Army base, southwest of town, named Camp Barkeley
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Casablanca
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Casablanca is the largest city in Morocco, located in the central-western part of the country bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest city in the Maghreb, as well as one of the largest and most important cities in Africa, Casablanca is Moroccos chief port and one of the largest financial centers on the continent. The 2012 census recorded a population of about 4 million in the prefecture of Casablanca, Casablanca is considered the economic and business center of Morocco, although the national political capital is Rabat. The leading Moroccan companies and international corporations doing Moroccan business have their headquarters, recent industrial statistics show Casablanca retains its historical position as the main industrial zone of the country. The Port of Casablanca is one of the largest artificial ports in the world, Casablanca also hosts the primary naval base for the Royal Moroccan Navy. The original name of the city was Anfa, in Berber language, after the Portuguese took control of Anfa in the 15th century AD, they rebuilt it, changing the name to Casa Branca. It derives from the Portuguese word combination meaning White House, the present name, which is the Spanish version, came when the Portuguese kingdom was integrated in personal union to the Spanish kingdom. During the French protectorate in Morocco, the name remained Casablanca, in the 18th century, an earthquake destroyed most of the town. It was rebuilt by the Sultan who changed the name into the local Arabic which is Ad-dar Al Baidaa, the city is still nicknamed Casa by many locals and outsiders to the city. In many other cities with a different dialect, it is called Ad-dar Al-Bida, a famous boulevard inside Casablanca City is called Anfa Boulevard. Anfa is generally considered the old original city of Casablanca. The area which is today Casablanca was founded and settled by Berbers by at least the seventh century BC and it was used as a port by the Phoenicians and later the Romans. In his book Description of Africa, Leo Africanus refers to ancient Casablanca as Anfa and he believed Anfa was the most prosperous city on the Atlantic Coast because of its fertile land. Barghawata rose as an independent state around this time, and continued until it was conquered by the Almoravids in 1068. Following the defeat of the Barghawata in the 12th century, Arab tribes of Hilal and Sulaym descent settled in the region, mixing with the local Berbers, during the 14th century, under the Merinids, Anfa rose in importance as a port. The last of the Merinids were ousted by a revolt in 1465. The Portuguese used the ruins of Anfa to build a fortress in 1515. The town that grew up around it was called Casa Branca, as Portugal broke ties with Spain in 1640, Casablanca came under fully Portuguese control once again
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France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
43.
This Is the Army
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This Is the Army is a 1943 American wartime musical comedy film produced by Hal B. Wallis and Jack L. Warner, and directed by Michael Curtiz, adapted from a stage musical with the same name, designed to boost morale in the U. S. during World War II. The screenplay by Casey Robinson and Claude Binyon was based on the 1942 Broadway musical by Irving Berlin, in World War I song-and-dance man Jerry Jones is drafted into the US Army, where he stages a revue called Yip Yip Yaphank. Among the teary, last-minute goodbyes Jones kisses his newlywed bride Ethel farewell, in the trenches of France, several of the soldiers in the production are killed or wounded by shrapnel from a German artillery barrage. Jones is wounded in the leg and must walk with a cane, nevertheless, he is resolved to find something useful to do, especially now that he is the father of a son. Eddie Dibble, the bugler, also survive. Twenty-five years later World War II is raging in Europe, jerrys son Johnny enlists in the Army shortly after Pearl Harbor. He tells his sweetheart Eileen Dibble that they cannot marry until he returns, Johnny reluctantly accepts an order to stage another musical, following in his fathers footsteps. The show goes on throughout the United States and eventually plays Washington. During the show it is announced that this is the last performance, Eileen, who has joined the Red Cross auxiliary, appears backstage. During a break in the show she brings a minister and convinces Johnny that they should marry now - which they do, in the alley behind the theater, the plot provides an envelope to showcase both revues. Davidson Rosemary DeCamp as Ethel Jones Ruth Donnelly as Mrs. OBrien Dorothy Peterson as Mrs. Nelson Gertrude Niesen as World War I Vocalist Ronald Reagan as Cpl, there he spoke with the commanding officers, including Capt. A. H. Rankin of Special Services, about restaging his original 1917 Army play, Ezra Stone was selected as director for the new contemporary play, and the two set up on base during the weekdays to put together the story and crew. Insisting on integration, Berlin was granted the chance to add African Americans into this play and this would not be unconventional for Berlin, but it would be for the United States Army—no whites and African Americans would appear on stage simultaneously. Though progressive in regard, Berlin was still planning on opening with a minstrel skit. Ezra Stone told his boss that it would be impossible to get 110 men out of blackface in time for the next number. Casting aside his minstrel show, Berlin instead wrote a new Puttin on the Ritz, the retooled play ran on Broadway, at the Broadway Theatre from July 4,1942, to September 26,1942. The show was directed by Sgt, the show was such a success that it went on the road
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Adolf Hitler
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Adolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the German Reich, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust, Hitler was born in Austria, then part of Austria-Hungary, and raised near Linz. He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I and he joined the German Workers Party, the precursor of the NSDAP, in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power, the failed coup resulted in Hitlers imprisonment, during which he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf. Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy, by 1933, the Nazi Party was the largest elected party in the German Reichstag, which led to Hitlers appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain, Hitler sought Lebensraum for the German people in Eastern Europe. His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland, resulting in British, in June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941 German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe, failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats. In the final days of the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Hitler married his long-time lover, on 30 April 1945, less than two days later, the two killed themselves to avoid capture by the Red Army, and their corpses were burned. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians, in addition,29 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European Theatre of World War II. The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in warfare, Hitlers father Alois Hitler Sr. was the illegitimate child of Maria Anna Schicklgruber. The baptismal register did not show the name of his father, in 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler married Aloiss mother Maria Anna. Alois was brought up in the family of Hiedlers brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, in 1876, Alois was legitimated and the baptismal register changed by a priest to register Johann Georg Hiedler as Aloiss father. Alois then assumed the surname Hitler, also spelled Hiedler, Hüttler, the Hitler surname is probably based on one who lives in a hut. Nazi official Hans Frank suggested that Aloiss mother had been employed as a housekeeper by a Jewish family in Graz, and that the familys 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger had fathered Alois. No Frankenberger was registered in Graz during that period, and no record has been produced of Leopold Frankenbergers existence, Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary, close to the border with the German Empire. He was one of six born to Alois Hitler and Klara Pölzl
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