Elisha William Keyes was an American lawyer, politician, postmaster, and local judge. He was the 6th and 22nd Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin, and represented Dane County in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was Postmaster of Madison from the end of the Civil War until the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. He is most known for his eight years as Chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin and his work building a Republican Party political machine.

The Republican Party of Wisconsin is a conservative political party in Wisconsin and is the Wisconsin affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP). The state party chair is Brian Schimming. The state party is divided into 72 county parties for each of the state's counties, as well as organizations for the state's eight congressional districts.