Elizabeth Alice Maude O'Hara MB ChB was a doctor from Melbourne, Australia. She was one of the founding members of the Victorian Medical Women's Society, and was the first woman to take an appointment as a medical officer in the Australian Natives' Association. O'Hara was one of the first seven women to study medicine in Australia, enrolling at the University of Melbourne in 1887, and graduating in 1892.

The Victorian Medical Women's Society (VMWS) is the longest-running association of women medical practitioners and medical students. It was established in Melbourne, Australia in 1896 and is one of the oldest active medical organisations in the world. The aim of the society was to set a benchmark in women's health around Victoria, and to advance the professional development of medical women, through education, research, and the improvement of professional opportunities. The state-run society became affiliated with the national body, Australian Federation of Medical Women, and thereby the Medical Women's International Association.