Emily Taft Douglas was a Democratic Party politician from the U.S. state of Illinois. She served as a U.S. Representative at-large from 1945 until 1947 and was married to U.S. Senator Paul Douglas from 1931 until his death in 1976. She was the first female Democrat elected to Congress from Illinois, and her election made Illinois one of the first two states to have been represented by female House members from both parties.

Illinois elected its United States Representative at-Large on a general ticket upon achieving statehood December 3, 1818. It last elected a US Representative in the Election of 1946. The district has been inactive since.