Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is no scientific consensus on a definition. Emotions are often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, or creativity.
Sixteen faces expressing the human passions – colored engraving by J. Pass, 1821, after Charles Le Brun
Suffering, agony, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual. Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of affective phenomena. The opposite of suffering is pleasure or happiness.
Tragic mask on the façade of the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, Sweden
Mahavira torch-bearer of ahimsa
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Neuroimaging sheds light on the seat of suffering