Energy consumption per person in Turkey is similar to the world average, and over 85 per cent is from fossil fuels. From 1990 to 2017 annual primary energy supply tripled, but then remained constant to 2019. In 2019, Turkey's primary energy supply included around 30 per cent oil, 30 per cent coal, and 25 per cent gas. These fossil fuels contribute to Turkey's air pollution and its above average greenhouse gas emissions. Turkey mines its own lignite but imports three-quarters of its energy, including half the coal and almost all the oil and gas it requires, and its energy policy prioritises reducing imports.
Wind turbines on the island of Gökçeada in the far west
Karabuk Solar Energy Farm
The Kanuni is an offshore deep-sea drilling ship.
A wind farm in Gaziantep Province
Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases.
Government-owned Turkish Coal Operations Authority mine in Yeniköy, Milas
Wharf that formerly shipped coal out of Zonguldak
Antique coke stove exhibited in Arıkan House, Kozan.
Children's models commemorating the Soma mine disaster - "This is how they earn their daily bread"