Eratosthenes
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene was an Ancient Greek polymath: a philosopher, scholar, mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. Eratosthenes eventually became the chief librarian at the
Eratosthenes teaching in Alexandria by Bernardo Strozzi (1635)
Early world maps
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The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appea
Eratosthenes
…the Earth's circumference. He was also the first to calculate Earth's axial tilt, which similarly proved to have remarkable accuracy. He created the first global projection of the world incorporating parallels and meridians based on the geographic knowledge of his era. Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology…
A 1628 reconstruction of Posidonius' ideas about the positions of continents (many details could not have been known by Posidonius)
Modern re-drawing of the Tabula Peutingeriana, from Iberia in the west, to India in the east.
Original Tabula Rogeriana (1154) with south up.