1.
Grover Cleveland Alexander
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Grover Cleveland Alexander, nicknamed Old Pete, was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs and he was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938. Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of thirteen children and he played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month. In 1909 he played for the Galesburg Boosters in the Class D Illinois–Missouri League and his career was almost ended when he was struck by a thrown ball while baserunning. Alexander made his Philadelphia debut during the pre-season 1911 City Series, pitching five innings of no-hit and he made his official Major League debut on April 15. He was joined on the Phillies that year by catcher Bill Killefer, in his rookie year, Alexander led the league with 28 wins,31 complete games,367 innings pitched, and seven shutouts, while finishing second in strikeouts and fourth in ERA. From 1912 to 1921, Alexander led the league in ERA five times, wins five times, innings six times, strikeouts six times, complete games five times, and shutouts five times. He won pitchings Triple Crown in 1915,1916, and 1920, in 1915, he was instrumental in leading the Phillies to their first pennant, and he pitched a record five one-hitters. Along the way Alexander began to have problems with alcohol, a struggle that would plague him the rest of his life, Alexander was drafted and one month before shipping out, he married Amy Marie Arrants on May 31 in a courthouse ceremony in Manhattan, Kansas. Alexander spent most of the 1918 season in France as a sergeant with the 342nd Field Artillery, while he was serving in France, he was exposed to German mustard gas and a shell exploded near him, causing partial hearing loss and triggering the onset of epilepsy. Following his return from the war, Alexander suffered from shock and was plagued with epileptic seizures. In spite of all this, Alexander gave Chicago several successful years, tiring of his increasing drunkenness and insubordination that was often directly related to his epilepsy, the Cubs sold him to the Cardinals in the middle of the 1926 season for the waiver price. Then-Cubs manager, Joe McCarthy stated the reason for the sale was, The Cubs finished last last year and if they finish last again, Id rather it be without. The Cardinals won the National League pennant that year and met the New York Yankees in the World Series, Alexander came to the game in the seventh inning after starter Jesse Haines developed a blister, with the Cardinals ahead 3–2, the bases loaded and two out. Facing Yankee slugger Tony Lazzeri, Alexander struck him out and then held the Yankees scoreless for two innings to preserve the win and give St. Louis the championship. He had one last 20-win season for the Cardinals in 1927 and he left major league baseball after a brief return to the Phillies in 1930, and pitched for the House of David until 1940. Alexander attended game three of the 1950 World Series at Yankee Stadium where he saw the Phillies lose to the Yankees and he died less than a month later, on November 4 in St. Paul, Nebraska, at the age of 63. Alexanders 90 shutouts are a National League record and his 373 wins are tied with Christy Mathewson for first in the National League record book and he is also third all time in wins, tenth in innings pitched, second in shutouts, and eighth in hits allowed
2.
1915 World Series
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In the 1915 World Series, the Boston Red Sox beat the Philadelphia Phillies four games to one. In their only World Series before 1950, the Phillies won Game 1 before being swept the rest of the way and it was 65 years before the Phillies won their next Series game. The Red Sox pitching was so strong in the 1915 series that the young Babe Ruth was not used on the mound and only made a single pinch-hitting appearance. Red Sox owner Joseph Lannin lost the toss for home field advantage. The league presidents selected the umpires, and it was announced that J. G. Taylor Spink would be one of the official scorers, one controversy surrounded the allocation of tickets to the Red Sox Royal Rooters fan club. Each visiting team was allocated 200 tickets, but the Red Sox requested an additional 400 on behalf of their supporters, the Phillies Baker Bowl sat only 20,000, and their above-cited owner, William Baker, refused to allocate additional tickets for visiting fans. The matter was resolved by National Commission chairman Garry Herrmann, who gave the Red Sox tickets from the Commissions own Series allocation. The Phillies won Game 1, 3–1, although New York Times reporter Hugh Fullerton wrote of the future 300+ game-winning Hall of Famer, Alexander pitched a bad game of ball. He had little or nothing in his review of the game, headed Nothing, the Times also reported that a crowd of 10,000 gathered in Manhattans Times Square to view a real-time mechanical recreation of the game on a giant scoreboard sponsored by the newspaper. The Phillies were not to win another game until 1977. The Red Sox swept Games 2–5, all by one run, in Game 2, Woodrow Wilson became the first U. S. President to attend a World Series game. This was the second year that a Boston team beat a Philadelphia team in the World Series after the Braves had swept the Athletics the year before. Unlike the 1913 Series, where the team won only one of the five games. In Fenway or Philadelphias Baker Bowl, it might have been a run or at least an extra-base hit which might have turned the Series around. The Phillies had packed some extra outfield seats into their already-small bandbox of a ballfield and this proved crucial in the decisive Game 5, in which Bostons Harry Hooper twice homered over the moved-in center field fence and Duffy Lewis followed suit. In Braves Field, those would have been extra-base hits at best, AL Boston Red Sox vs. NL Philadelphia Phillies The Red Sox won on three home runs by two of their outfielders, two cheapies by Harry Hooper and one by Duffy Lewis. Those were the only round-trippers in the entire Series, the first four games being pitchers duels,1915 World Series, Boston Red Sox over Philadelphia Phillies Cohen, Richard M. Neft, David S. The World Series, Complete Play-By-Play of Every Game, 1903–1989, archived from the original on 2008
3.
Pitcher
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In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the pitcher is assigned the number 1. The pitcher is often considered the most important defensive player, there are many different types of pitchers, such as the starting pitcher, relief pitcher, middle reliever, lefty specialist, setup man, and closer. The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position. In most cases, the objective of the pitcher is to deliver the pitch to the catcher without allowing the batter to hit the ball with the bat. A successful pitch is delivered in such a way that the batter either allows the pitch to pass through the zone, swings the bat at the ball and misses it. If the batter elects not to swing at the pitch, it is called a strike if any part of the passes through the strike zone. A check swing is when the batter begins to swing, If the batter successfully checks the swing and the pitch is out of the strike zone, it is called a ball. There are two legal pitching positions, the windup and the set position or stretch, either position may be used at any time, typically, the windup is used when the bases are empty, while the set position is used when at least one runner is on base. Each position has certain procedures that must be followed, a balk can be called on a pitcher from either position. A power pitcher is one who relies on the velocity of his pitches to succeed, generally, power pitchers record a high percentage of strikeouts. A control pitcher succeeds by throwing accurate pitches and thus records few walks, nearly all action during a game is centered on the pitcher for the defensive team. A pitchers particular style, time taken between pitches, and skill heavily influence the dynamics of the game and can determine the victor. Meanwhile, a batter stands in the box at one side of the plate. The type and sequence of pitches chosen depend upon the situation in a game. The relationship between pitcher and catcher is so important that some teams select the starting catcher for a game based on the starting pitcher. Together, the pitcher and catcher are known as the battery, although the object and mechanics of pitching remain the same, pitchers may be classified according to their roles and effectiveness. The starting pitcher begins the game, and he may be followed by relief pitchers, such as the long reliever, the left-handed specialist, the middle reliever. In Major League Baseball, every team uses Baseball Rubbing Mud to rub game balls in before their pitchers use them in games, a skilled pitcher often throws a variety of different pitches to prevent the batter from hitting the ball well
4.
East Bend, North Carolina
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East Bend is a town in northeastern Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 612 at the 2010 census and it is a Piedmont Triad community. East Bend is located at 36°13′3″N 80°30′33″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 659 people,271 households, the population density was 514.8 people per square mile. There were 304 housing units at a density of 237.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 95. 14% White,1. 21% African American,0. 91% Native American,0. 15% Asian,1. 67% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 50% of the population. 28. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.96. In the town, the population was out with 25. 6% under the age of 18,9. 0% from 18 to 24,30. 3% from 25 to 44,22. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males, the median income for a household in the town was $39,333, and the median income for a family was $49,000. Males had an income of $32,321 versus $26,667 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,611, about 3. 3% of families and 6. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4. 4% of those under age 18 and 14. 1% of those age 65 or over. Boonville King Tobaccoville Bethania Winston-Salem Lewisville One of the most significant Native American excavation sites in North Carolina is located near the Yadkin River west of town at Donnaha, Donnaha was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on December 6,1978. Experts from Wake Forest University believe this was the site of a village of at least 100 Sioux Indians dating to the late Woodland Period. Earl Norman, an East Bend artifact collector, donated 5,000 pieces of his collection of more than 10,000 relics to the North Carolina Department of Archives, East Bend was first known as Banners Store. It was named for merchant Martin Luther Banner, early settler Martin Luther Banner later moved west and founded Banner Elk, North Carolina. On March 7,1887 the General Assembly incorporated the town of East Bend, officers were mayor J. H Johnson, commissioners Dr. Evan Benbow, J. H. Jenkins, J. A. Huff established the first buggy-manufacturing business in town in 1873, the Huff Buggy Factory, built in 1893, was said to be the largest buggy factory in the South
5.
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Winston-Salem is a city in and the county seat of Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States. With a 2015 estimated population of 241,218, it is the second largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region and the fifth largest city in the state. Winston-Salem is home to the tallest office building in the region,100 North Main Street, formerly the Wachovia Building, Winston-Salem is called the Twin City for its dual heritage and City of the Arts and Innovation for its dedication to fine arts and theater and technological research. Camel City is a reference to the citys involvement in the tobacco industry related to locally based R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Companys Camel cigarettes. Winston-Salem is also known for its traditional furniture company, many locals refer to the city as Winston in informal speech. The Dash is referenced from the hyphen between Winston and Salem and was popularized by the nickname of the minor league baseball team. In 2012, the city was listed among the 10 best places to retire in the U. S. by CBS MoneyWatch, the city of Winston-Salem is a product of the merging of the two neighboring towns of Winston and Salem in 1913. The origin of the town of Salem dates to January 1753 and he called this area die Wachau named after the ancestral estate of Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf. The land, just short of 99,000 acres, was purchased from John Carteret. On November 17,1753, the first settlers arrived at what would become the town of Bethabara. This town, despite its growth, was not designed to be the primary settlement on the tract. Some residents expanded to a settlement called Bethania in 1759. Finally, lots were drawn to select suitable sites for the location of a new town. The town established on the site was given the name of Salem chosen for it by the Moravians late patron. On January 6,1766, the first tree was felled for the building of Salem, Salem was a typical Moravian settlement congregation with the public buildings of the congregation grouped around a central square, today Salem Square. These included the church, a Brethrens House and a Sisters House for the members of the Congregation. For many years members of the Moravian Church were permitted to live in the settlement. This practice had ended by the American Civil War, many of the original buildings in the settlement have been restored or rebuilt and are now part of Old Salem Museums & Gardens
6.
1912 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1912 throughout the world. April 11 The New York Highlanders, predecessors of the New York Yankees, in the first inning, Boston scores a run against pitcher Ray Caldwell‚ while New York respond with two runs in the bottom against Smoky Joe Wood. That is all the scoring until the ninth inning‚ when the Sox score four runs‚ including two on a Wood single, Boston wins‚ 5–3‚ on Woods seven hitter. New York Giants pitcher Rube Marquard begins a 19-game winning streak with an 18–3 triumph over the Brooklyn Dodgers, april 20 – The Boston Red Sox play their first home game in the history of Fenway Park. The Red Sox open up with an 11-inning, 7–6 victory over the New York Highlanders, Boston outfielder Tris Speaker delivers the game-winning RBI before a crowd of 27,000 fans. Minutes later, the Detroit Tigers christen their Navin Field with a 6–5 victory over the Cleveland Naps, april 26 – Hugh Bradley of the Boston Red Sox became the first player to hit a home run over the Green Monster at Fenway Park. It was his home run of the 1912 season. May 17 – Fenway Park is officially dedicated, almost one month after hosting its first game, nevertheless, the home town fans had their day spoiled as the White Sox trimmed the Red Sox, 5–2. May 18 – The Cincinnati Reds play the first game in the history of Crosley Field, june 9 – Boston Red Sox outfielder Tris Speaker hits for the cycle, leading his team to a 9–2 victory over the St. Louis Browns. June 10 – New York Giants catcher Chief Meyers hits for the cycle against the Chicago Cubs, june 28 – Christy Mathewson of the New York Giants becomes the eighth pitcher to record 300 career wins. July 2 – At Hilltop Park, Larry Gardner of the Boston Red Sox hit two home runs but Boston still lose to the New York Highlanders, 9–7. July 4 – In the second game of a double-header, George Mullin of the Detroit Tigers tosses a no-hitter against the St. Louis Browns in a 7–0 Tigers win. July 25 – Bert Daniels, outfielder for the New York Highlanders, august 15 – Guy Zinn, a little-known New York Highlanders outfielder, steals home twice in a 5–4 win over the Detroit Tigers at Navin Field. This will add to last-place New Yorks major-league record of 18 steals of home for a single season, august 22 – Pittsburgh Pirates shortstop Honus Wagner hits for the cycle against the New York Giants. August 30 – St. Louis Browns pitcher Earl Hamilton returns the favor to the Detroit Tigers and he tosses a no-hitter in a 7–1 Browns victory. October 16 – The Boston Red Sox defeat the New York Giants, 3–2, in Game 8 of the World Series, the Red Sox win the World Championship four games to three. Nearly all of the games were close, four games in this series were decided by one run. A sixth was decided by two runs, Game 7 was the only one with a margin greater than three runs
7.
History of the New York Giants (baseball)
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The San Francisco Giants existed in the New York metropolitan area from 1883–1957. Prior to the start of the 1958 season, the moved to San Francisco, California. During the clubs tenure in New York, it won five of the franchises eight World Series wins and 17 of its 24 National League pennants, for most of that time, the Giants played home games in the Polo Grounds in the Upper Manhattan region of New York City. The Giants had intense rivalries with their rivals, the New York Yankees. The New York-Brooklyn rivalry soon evolved into the Los Angeles-San Francisco rivalry, numerous inductees of the Baseball Hall of Fame played for the New York Giants, including John McGraw, Mel Ott, Bill Terry, Willie Mays, Monte Irvin, and Travis Jackson. The Giants began as the baseball club founded by millionaire tobacconist John B. Day and veteran amateur baseball player Jim Mutrie, the Gothams, as the Giants were originally known, entered the National League in 1883, while their other club, the Metropolitans played in the American Association. Nearly half of the original Gotham players were members of the disbanded Troy Trojans, louis Browns in an early incarnation of the World Series. They repeated as champions the year with a pennant and World Series victory over the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. It is said that one particularly satisfying victory over the Philadelphia Phillies, Mutrie stormed into the dressing room and exclaimed. From then on, the club was known as the Giants, the Giants original home stadium, the Polo Grounds, also dates from this early era. It was originally located north of Central Park adjacent to Fifth and Sixth Avenues and 110th and 112th Streets, the Giants were a powerhouse in the late 1880s, winning their first two National League Pennants and World Championships in 1888 &1889. But nearly all of the Giants stars jumped to the upstart Players League, whose New York franchise was named the Giants. The new team built a stadium next door to the Polo Grounds. With a decimated roster, the NL Giants finished a distant sixth, attendance took a nosedive, and the financial strain affected Days tobacco business as well. The Players League dissolved after the season, and Day sold a minority interest in his NL Giants to the defunct PL Giants principal backer, as a condition of the sale, Day had to fire Mutrie as manager. Although the Giants rebounded to third in 1891, Day was forced to sell a controlling interest to Talcott at the end of the season. Four years later, Talcott sold the Giants to Andrew Freedman, when Freedman offered Rusie only $2,500 for 1896, the disgruntled hurler sat out the entire season
8.
1920 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1920 throughout the world. Won-loss records were reported due to lack of interest by the press mainly in New York. Bacharach claimed the pennant, although Hilldale disputed it, january 3 – The New York Yankees purchase outfielder Babe Ruth from the Boston Red Sox for $100,000. February 13 – A meeting in Kansas City results in the birth of the Negro National League, april 14 – Stan Coveleski and the Cleveland Indians hold the St. Louis Browns to five hits in a 5–0 victory at Dunn Field. April 19 – Babe Ruth enters Fenway Park as a member of the team for the first time in his career as the Boston Red Sox sweep a doubleheader from Ruth. Ruth goes three-for-eight with an RBI, april 25 – High Pockets Kelly drives in three as the New York Giants defeat the Brooklyn Robins 5–2 in the first meeting of the National Leagues two New York teams. May 1 – The Brooklyn Robins Leon Cadore and the Boston Braves Joe Oeschger pitched 26 innings in a 1–1 tie, morning rain delayed the start of the game until 3,00 p. m. The Dodgers scored a run in the top of the fifth, the Braves tied it in the bottom of the sixth with a double by Walt Cruise and a single by Tony Boeckel. The game went into extra innings, no runs were scored for the rest of the game and it was called due to darkness in the 26th inning. May 2 – Opening day for the Negro National League, may 3 – Dutch Leonard and the Detroit Tigers defeat the Cleveland Indians 5–1 for their first win of the season versus thirteen losses. May 14 – Walter Johnson of the Washington Senators records his 300th win, may 20 – At Griffith Stadium, the Washington Senators and Chicago White Sox go into extra innings tied at three. The ChiSox score two in the fifteenth inning only to be matched by Washington in the bottom of the inning, Chicago then puts up eight runs in the sixteenth to win the game by a final score of 13–5 in sixteen innings. Red Faber pitches all sixteen innings for Chicago, june 1 – In a slugfest at Dunn Field, the Detroit Tigers defeat the Cleveland Indians 11–10. Detroits Ty Cobb goes two-for-five with two RBIs and a run scored, june 24 – Following a 5–3 loss to the Cincinnati Reds, the Philadelphia Phillies fall into last place in the National League. With the Philadelphia As having been in last place since the 13th, both Philadelphia teams spend the rest of the season in last, june 28 – The Philadelphia Athletics defeat the Washington Senators 6–2 to end an 18-game losing streak. After giving up two runs on two hits and a walk in the first inning, As starter Slim Harriss cruises the rest of the way for the game victory. July 1 – Six weeks after recording his 300th, Walter Johnson pitches the only no-hitter of his career, as the Washington Senators top the Boston Red Sox, july 27 – The Washington Senators defeat the Cleveland Indians 19–6. Indians starter Ray Caldwell lasts just 1.1 innings, and is replaced by George Uhle, who gives up four hits, Tony Faeth picks up the third out of the second inning to stop the bleeding after the Senators have plated twelve runs
9.
New York Yankees
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The Essendon Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League, the sports premier competition. Formed in 1871 as a club and playing as a senior club since 1878. It is historically associated with Essendon, a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne, dyson Heppell is the current team captain. A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association, in 1877, and the Victorian Football League, in 1896, the club claims to have over at least one million supporters Australia wide. Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships which, along with Carlton, is the most of any club in the competition, the club was founded by members of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Melbourne Hunt Club and the Victorian Woolbrokers. The Essendon Football Club is thought to have formed in 1872 at a meeting it the home of a well-known brewery family, the McCrackens, whose Ascot Vale property hosted a team of local junior players. Robert McCracken, the owner of several city hotels, was the founder and first president of the Essendon club and his son, Alex, Alex would later become president of the newly formed VFL. Alexs cousin, Collier, who had played with Melbourne, was the teams first captain. The club played its first recorded match against the Carlton second twenty on 7 June 1873, Essendon played 13 matches in its first season, winning seven, with four draws and losing two. The club was one of the junior members of the Victorian Football Association in 1877. During its early years in the Association, Essendon played its matches at Flemington Hill. In 1878, Essendon played in the first match on what would be considered by modern standards to be a field at Flemington Hill. In 1879 Essendon played Melbourne in one of the earliest night matches recorded when the ball was painted white, in 1883 the team played four matches in Adelaide. In 1891 Essendon won their first VFA premiership, which they repeated in 1892,1893 and 1894, one of the clubs greatest players, Albert Thurgood played for the club during this period. Essendon was undefeated in the 1893 season, at the end of the 1896 season Essendon along with seven other clubs formed the Victorian Football League. Essendons first VFL game was in 1897 was against Geelong at Corio Oval in Geelong, Essendon won its first VFL premiership by winning the 1897 VFL finals series. Essendon again won the premiership in 1901, defeating Collingwood in the Grand Final, the club won successive premierships in 1911 and 1912 over Collingwood and South Melbourne respectively. The nickname first appeared in print in the local North Melbourne Advertiser in 1889 and it was known firstly as Essendon Town and, after 1905, as Essendon
10.
Earned run average
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In baseball statistics, earned run average is the mean of earned runs given up by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by dividing the number of earned runs allowed by the number of innings pitched, runs resulting from defensive errors are recorded as unearned runs and omitted from ERA calculations. Henry Chadwick is credited with devising the statistic, which caught on as a measure of pitching effectiveness after relief pitching came into vogue in the 1900s. Some criterion was needed to capture the apportionment of earned-run responsibility for a pitcher in games that saw contributions from other pitchers for the same team, a pitcher is assessed an earned run for each run scored by a batter who reaches base while batting against that pitcher. The National League first tabulated official earned run average statistics in 1912, recently written baseball encyclopedias display ERAs for earlier years, but these were computed retroactively. Negro League pitchers are often rated by RA, or total runs allowed, as with batting average, the definition of a good ERA varies from year to year. During the dead-ball era of the 1900s and 1910s, an ERA below 2.00 was considered good, in the 1960s, sub-2.00 ERAs returned, as other influences such as ballparks with different dimensions were introduced. Today, an ERA under 4.00 is again considered good, the all-time record for the lowest single season earned run average by a pitcher pitching 300 or more innings is 1.12, set by Bob Gibson in 1968. The record for the lowest career earned run average is 1.82, held by Ed Walsh, but a purported record based on so few innings pitched is highly misleading. Over the years, more than a dozen part-time pitchers have pitched 105 or more innings and had a run average lower than 0.86. Some sources may list players with infinite ERAs and this can happen if a pitcher allows one or more earned runs without retiring a batter. Additionally, an undefined ERA occasionally occurs at the beginning of a baseball season and it is sometimes incorrectly displayed as zero or as the lowest ranking ERA, even though it is more akin to the highest. At times it can be misleading to judge relief pitchers solely on ERA, because they are charged only for runs scored by batters who reached base while batting against them. Thus, if a pitcher enters the game with his team leading by 1 run, with 2 outs and the bases loaded. If he retires the batter, his ERA for that game will be 0.00 despite having surrendered the lead. Starting pitchers operate under the rules but are not called upon to start pitching with runners already on base. The relievers freedom to use their energy for a few innings, or even for just a few batters. ERA, taken by itself, can also be misleading when trying to objectively judge starting pitchers, the advent of the designated hitter rule in the American League in 1973 made the pitching environment significantly different
11.
Strikeout
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In baseball or softball, a strikeout occurs when a batter accumulates three strikes during a time at bat. It usually means the batter is out, a strikeout is a statistic recorded for both pitchers and batters, and is denoted by K. Although a strikeout suggests that the pitcher dominated the batter, the style that generates home runs also leaves batters susceptible to striking out. Some of the greatest home run hitters of all time — such as Alex Rodriguez, Gorman Thomas, Reggie Jackson, and Sammy Sosa — were notorious for striking out. A pitched ball is ruled a ball by the if the batter did not swing at it and, in that umpires judgment. Any pitch at which the batter swings or, that in that umpires judgment passes through the zone, is ruled a strike. Each ball and strike affects the count, which is incremented for each pitched ball with the exception of a ball on any count with two strikes. That is, a strike may only occur by the batter swinging and missing at a pitched ball. A pitched ball that is struck by the batter with the bat on any count, a batter may also strike out by bunting, even if the ball is hit into foul territory. In Japan, this is called furinige, or swing and escape, in Major League Baseball, it is known as an uncaught third strike. When this happens, a strikeout is recorded for both the pitcher and the batter, but no out is recorded, because of this, a pitcher may occasionally be able to record more than three strikeouts in one half-inning. In baseball scorekeeping, a strikeout is recorded as a K. A strikeout looking is often scored with a backward K, and sometimes as a K-L, CK, despite the scorekeeping custom of using K for strikeout, SO is the official abbreviation used by Major League Baseball. K is still used by fans and enthusiasts for purposes other than official record-keeping. The K may be placed backward in cases where the batter strikes out looking, the use of K for a strikeout was invented by Henry Chadwick, a newspaper journalist who is widely credited as the originator of the box score and the baseball scorecard. As is true in much of baseball, both the box score and scorecard remain largely unchanged to this day, Chadwick decided to use K, the last letter in struck, since the letter S was used for sacrifice. Chadwick was responsible for several other scorekeeping conventions, including the use of numbers to designate player positions and those unaware of Chadwicks contributions have speculated that K was derived from the last name of 19th century pitcher Matt Kilroy. If not for the evidence supporting Chadwicks earlier use of K, Kilroy raised the prominence of the strikeout, setting an all-time single-season record of 513 strikeouts in 1886, only two years after overhand pitching was permitted
12.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
13.
1914 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1914 throughout the world. June 9 – Honus Wagner of the Pittsburgh Pirates becomes the member of the 3000 hit club. July 17 – Red Murray of the New York Giants catches game winning catch and is struck by lightning. September 9 – In the second game of a doubleheader, George Davis of the Boston Braves pitches a no-hitter against the Philadelphia Phillies in a 7-0 win. September 19 – Ed Lafitte tosses a no-hitter for the Brooklyn Tip-Tops of the Federal League in a 6-2 win over the Kansas City Packers, september 27 – Nap Lajoie of the Cleveland Naps becomes the third member of the 3000 hit club. October 13 – The Boston Braves defeat the Philadelphia Athletics, 3-1, in Game 4 of the World Series to win their first World Championship and this was the first four-game sweep in World Series history. The Cubs had defeated the Tigers four games to none in 1907, november 1 – Philadelphia Athletics owner Connie Mack starts a fire sale, asking waivers on Jack Coombs, Eddie Plank and Chief Bender. Coombs goes to the Brooklyn Robins as Plank and Bender escape Macks maneuvering by jumping to the Federal League. Despite the American League Pennant title, Philadelphia fans did not support the Athletics, january 13 – Aaron Clapp,57, first baseman for the 1879 Troy Trojans of the National League. January 20 – Pat Lyons,53, Canadian second baseman who played for the Cleveland Spiders of the National League in 1890. February 1 – Sam Weaver,58, pitcher who posted a 68-80 record, february 9 – Buster Brown,32, National League pitcher who had a 51-103 record and a 3.21 ERA for the St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Doves/Braves. February 9 – Jack Farrell,56, second baseman for 11 seasons, february 21 – Farmer Vaughn,49, catcher who hit.274 with 21 home runs and 525 RBI in 925 games for five teams from 1886 to 1899. February 23 – Nat Jewett,69, catcher for the 1872 Brooklyn Eckfords of the National Association, february 28 – Art Sladen,53, outfielder for the Boston Reds of the Union Association in 1884. According to Lee Allen, in The American League Story, there were those who considered it appropriate that Waddell should pass away on April Fools Day, Louis Browns ten games to five. April 16 – Podge Weihe,51, American Association outfielder who hit.254 in two seasons with the Indianapolis Hoosiers and Cincinnati RedStockings, April 27 – Herb Worth,66, outfielder for the 1872 Brooklyn Atlantics of the National Association. May 8 – George Fox,45, first baseman for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association, may 26 – Jumbo Latham,61, first baseman who hit.247 in 334 games for five different teams from 1875 to 1884, while managing two of them. June 16 – Bert Dorr,52, pitcher for the 1882 St. Louis Browns, july 5 – Wee Willie Mills,36, pitcher for the National League New York Giants in 1901. July 9 – Ossee Schreckengost,39, catcher for eleven seasons, most notably with the Philadelphia Athletics from 1902 to 1908, who pioneered one-handed style and batted.300 twice
14.
1917 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1917 throughout the world. Ruths performance marks the start of things to come. He will win 24 games this year, while leading the American League with 35 complete games, april 14 – Eddie Cicotte of the Chicago White Sox tosses a no-hitter in an 11–0 victory over the St. Louis Browns. April 24 – George Mogridge pitches a no-hitter for the New York Yankees in a 2–1 win over the Boston Red Sox. May 2 – In one of the most outstanding pitching duels in baseball history, opposing pitcher Hippo Vaughn did not surrender a hit until a one-out single in the 10th inning. May 5 – Ernie Koob pitches a no-hitter to lead the St. Louis Browns to a 1–0 victory over the Chicago White Sox. May 7 – Babe Ruth pitches a shutout and drives in the only run on a sacrifice fly as the Red Sox top Walter Johnson. June 23 – Ernie Shore of the Boston Red Sox pitched the most notable game of his career leading his team to a 4–0 win against the Washington Senators, Babe Ruth started the game for Boston but walked the leadoff hitter, Ray Morgan. Ruth then engaged in an argument with home plate umpire, Brick Owens. Then Shore came into the game to relieve Ruth, Morgan was caught stealing, and Shore retired the next 26 Senators he faced. July 6 – The Chicago White Sox put a stop to Ty Cobbs consecutive-game hitting streak, july 15 – Boston Braves catcher Hank Gowdy reports for duty with the Ohio National Guard becoming the first Major League player to enlist for service during World War I. August 28 – The Indians pennant chances suffer a blow when outfielder Tris Speaker is suspended after an argument with an umpire. October 15 – The Chicago White Sox defeat the New York Giants, 4–2, in Game 6 of the World Series to capture their second World Championship, four games to two. The White Sox were essentially dismantled following the 1920 season by baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis due to the Black Sox Scandal in the 1919 Series. The team would not win another World Series for the next 88 years.318 and posted a 19-23 record with the New York Mutuals, Cleveland Forest Citys and Elizabeth Resolutes between 1871 and 1873. January 10 – Jack McFetridge,47, pitcher who played in 1890 and 1903 with the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League, january 13 – Jim Garry,47, pitcher for the 1893 Boston Beaneaters. January 16 – Charlie Geggus,54, pitcher who posted a 10-9 record, january 17 – Pat McCauley,46, backup catcher who played between 1893 and 1903 for the St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and New York Highlanders. January 19 – Charlie Enwright,29, shortstop who played for the 1909 St. Louis Cardinals, january 26 – Jim McGuire,41, shortstop for the 1901 Cleveland Blues of the American League
15.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
16.
1916 World Series
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In the 1916 World Series, the Boston Red Sox beat the Brooklyn Robins four games to one. Casey Stengel shone on offense for the Robins in the 1916 Series, the Soxs Babe Ruth pitched thirteen shutout innings in Game 2, starting a consecutive scoreless innings streak that would reach 29 in 1918. As with the 1915 Series, the Red Sox played their games at the larger Braves Field. Brooklyn fielded some strong teams under their manager and namesake Wilbert Robinson in the late 1910s, the Robins, also interchangeably called the Dodgers, would win the pennant again in 1920, but the American League teams were generally stronger during that interval. It would be 39 years before the Dodgers would win their first World Series title in 1955, the Series had the longest game in terms of innings in World Series history until Game 3 of the 2005 World Series. AL Boston Red Sox vs. NL Brooklyn Robins Until the ninth, holding a comfortable 6-1 lead, a walk, hit batter, error and bases-full walk to Fred Merkle finally forced the Red Sox to call on Carl Mays from the bullpen to preserve a 6-5 win. The Robins scored in the top of the first on a home run by Hy Myers. The game remained 1–1 until the bottom of the 14th, when the Red Sox won it on a single by Del Gainer. A seventh-inning home run by Larry Gardner chased Brooklyn starter Jack Coombs, jeff Pfeffer came through with 2.2 innings of hitless relief to save the victory for Coombs. Brooklyns first three batters reached safely off Dutch Leonard in a two-run first inning, but thats all the Dodgers would get off him. Larry Gardners second home run in two days was a one to left-center that scored two teammates ahead of him, giving Leonard all hed need. The final game was over in a snappy 1 hour,43 minutes, Boston scratched out a run on a walk, sacrifice bunt, groundout and passed ball. The Red Sox added more in the third, thanks to an error and a Chick Shorten RBI single, casey Stengel led off the Dodger ninth with a hit, but Shore allowed no more. 1916 World Series, Boston Red Sox over Brooklyn Robins Cohen, Richard M. Neft, the World Series, Complete Play-By-Play of Every Game, 1903–1989. Archived from the original on 2008
17.
No-hitter
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In baseball, a no-hitter is a game in which a team was not able to record a single hit. Major League Baseball officially defines a no-hitter as a game in which a team that batted in at least nine innings recorded no hits. A pitcher who prevents the team from achieving a hit is said to have thrown a no-hitter. This is an accomplishment for a pitcher or pitching staff, only 295 have been thrown in Major League Baseball history since 1876. In most cases in MLB, no-hitters are recorded by a pitcher who throws a complete game. The most recent no-hitter by a pitcher was thrown on April 21,2016 by Jake Arrieta of the Chicago Cubs against the Cincinnati Reds at Cincinnatis Great American Ball Park. The most recent combined no-hitter was thrown by Cole Hamels, Jake Diekman, Ken Giles and it is possible to reach base without a hit, most commonly by a walk, error, or being hit by a pitch. A no-hitter in which no batters reach base at all is a perfect game, on two occasions, a team has thrown a nine-inning no-hitter and still lost the game. It is theoretically possible for opposing pitchers to throw no-hitters in the same game, although this has never happened in the majors. A no-hitter is defined by Major League Baseball as follows, An official no-hit game occurs when a pitcher allows no hits during the course of a game. Games lost by the team in 8½ innings but without allowing any hits do not qualify as no-hitters. Major League Baseball has officially recognized 295 no-hitters thrown since 1876, two no-hitters have been thrown on the same day twice, Ted Breitenstein and Jim Hughes on April 22,1898, and Dave Stewart and Fernando Valenzuela on June 29,1990. Eight no-hitters were thrown by major league pitchers in the 1884 season, in the modern era, seven no-hitters were thrown in 1990,1991,2012, and 2015. The longest period between any two no-hitters in the era is 3 years,44 days between Bobby Burke on August 8,1931, and Paul Daffy Dean on September 21,1934. There was a drought of 3 years,11 months, without a no-hitter after the first National League no-hitter on July 15,1876, the most recent year without any no-hitters is 2005. The previous record was a 4, 015-game streak without a no-hitter from September 30,1984, the pitcher who holds the record for the most no-hitters is Nolan Ryan, who threw seven in his long career. His first two came exactly two months apart, while he was with the California Angels, the first on May 15,1973, and he had two more with the Angels on September 28,1974, and June 1,1975. Ryans fifth no-hitter with the Houston Astros on September 26,1981 and his sixth and seventh no-hitters came with the Texas Rangers on June 1,1990, and May 1,1991
18.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
19.
Guilford College
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Guilford College is a small liberal arts college in Greensboro, North Carolina. Guilford has both traditional students and students who attend its Center for Continuing Education, Guilford College is the only Quaker-founded college in the southeastern United States. Opening in 1837 as New Garden Boarding School, the became a four-year liberal arts college in 1888. Levi Coffin, a well-known abolitionist, Quaker, and political dissenter grew up on the land, the woods of New Garden, which still exist on campus today, were used as a meeting point for the Underground Railroad in the 19th century, run by Coffin. Guilford competes as an NCAA Division III as an Old Dominion Athletic Conference member, the school has won five national championships, including the 1973 NAIA mens basketball title, the 1981 NAIA womens tennis title and the 1989,2002 and 2005 mens golf titles. In the past decade, Guilfords Bryan Series has brought many speakers to the campus. Past speakers have included Desmond Tutu, Mikhail Gorbachev, Colin Powell, Madeleine Albright, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Ken Burns, Mary Robinson, David McCullough, and Toni Morrison. The 2008–09 Bryan Series lecturers were Khaled Hosseini, Christiane Amanpour and James Rubin, Salman Rushdie, the 2009–10 lecturers were Garry Trudeau, Paul Krugman, Anna Deavere Smith, David Gregory, and Yo-Yo Ma. Every summer, the hosts the five-week-long Eastern Music Festival. Each year, EMF features more than 70 concerts and music-related events on-, the largest campus-wide event of the year is Serendipity, held annually in the spring. It began in 1972 as a replacement to the somewhat antiquated May Day festivities, and has featured games, musical performances, and general mayhem. During its peak in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the festival was attended by Guilford students and alumni. Despite the fact that Serendipity is considered by alum to be a hallmark of the Guilford experience, as of December 2014, following concerns expressed by the interim Dean of Students Jenn Agor about music festival culture, school officials have begun to discuss to possibility of discontinuing the tradition. This has led to a sizable student backlash, the dispute over Serendipity is indicative of the tensions between the very liberal student body and its more conservative administration. Con This event has been occurring annually since 2001, Major guests include a host of webcomic creators and wrock bands. The most recent Con, held February 10–12,2012, attracted around 300 attendees, peak attendance has been around 500 people. Long time high school Athletic Director and football coach, member of the New Jersey Coaches Hall of Fame. Tony Womack,1992, Major League Baseball player David M. Dobson, David Hammond, notable director, is a Theater Studies Professor at Guilford
20.
Babe Ruth
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George Herman Babe Ruth Jr. was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Ruth established many MLB batting records, including home runs, runs batted in, bases on balls, slugging percentage, and on-base plus slugging. Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time, in 1936, Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its first five inaugural members. At age seven, Ruth was sent to St, in 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox. By 1916, he had built a reputation as a pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs. With regular playing time, he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919, after that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy. The trade fueled Bostons subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the Curse of the Bambino superstition, in his 15 years with New York, Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League championships and four World Series championships. As part of the Yankees vaunted Murderers Row lineup of 1927, Ruth hit 60 home runs and he retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves. During his career, Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times, Ruths legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties. During his career, he was the target of press and public attention for his baseball exploits. His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals, after his retirement as a player, he was denied a managerial job in baseball, most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career. In his final years, Ruth made many appearances, especially in support of American efforts in World War II. In 1946, he became ill with cancer, and died two years later, George Herman Ruth Jr. was born in 1895 at 216 Emory Street in Pigtown, a working-class section of Baltimore, Maryland, named for its meat-packing plants. Its population included recent immigrants from Ireland, Germany and Italy, Ruths parents, George Herman Ruth, Sr. and Katherine Schamberger, were both of German American ancestry. According to the 1880 census, his parents were born in Maryland, the paternal grandparents of Ruth, Sr. were from Prussia and Hanover. Ruth, Sr. had a series of jobs, including lightning rod salesman and streetcar operator, before becoming a counterman in a combination grocery. George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his grandfather, Pius Schamberger. Only one of young Georges seven siblings, his younger sister Mamie, many details of Ruths childhood are unknown, including the date of his parents marriage
21.
Baltimore Orioles (minor league)
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The city of Baltimore, Maryland has been home to two minor league baseball teams called the Baltimore Orioles, besides the four major league baseball teams. Orioles is a name for baseball clubs in Baltimore. Since 1923, the Yankees have compiled 27 World Series championships, in 1903, an Oriole minor league team joined the Eastern League. This Orioles team stayed mediocre for the first few years of its existence, Orioles team played at the old American League Park at the southwest corner of Greenmount Avenue and 29th Street in the Waverly neighborhood of northeast Baltimore. After the Federal Leagues demise, Dunn returned with an Orioles team in 1916 and this team, later in the 1919 I. L. Featuring another future Hall-of-Fame pitcher in Lefty Grove, the Orioles improved on that in 1920 by winning 110 games, in 1921, the Orioles won 27 straight games. The Orioles won the League by 20 games over the second place team, despite their impressive record, however, they lost the Little World Series to the American Associations champion Louisville Colonels,4 games to 1. The I. L. Orioles continued to roll over International League opposition for more seasons straight through to the 1925 Baseball Season. The team entered the Governors Cup playoffs in the International circuit in 1936,1937, and 1940, the team was leading the League on July 4 of that year, when their home wooden and steel beamed stadium, Oriole Park, burned down. The Orioles, under manager Alphonse Tommy Thomas, went on to win the Junior World Series that year, after the 1953 season, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and took the name of the Baltimore Orioles. The Orioles won the Governors Cup, the championship of the IL,2 times,1936 – Lost to Buffalo 1937 – Lost to Newark 1940 – Lost to Newark 1944 – Defeated Newark 1950 – Defeated Rochester
22.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
23.
Fenway Park
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Fenway Park is a baseball park located in Boston, at 4 Yawkey Way near Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home for the Boston Red Sox and it is the oldest ballpark in MLB. It is the fourth-smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second-smallest by total capacity, Fenway has hosted the World Series ten times, with the Red Sox winning five of them, and the Boston Braves winning one. The first, in the inaugural season, was the 1912 World Series. April 20,2012, marked Fenway Parks centennial, on March 7 of that year, the park was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Former pitcher Bill Lee has called Fenway Park a shrine and it is a pending Boston Landmark which will regulate further changes to the park. Today, the park is considered to be one of the most well-known sports venues in the world, the Red Sox moved to Fenway Park from the old Huntington Avenue Grounds. In 1911, owner John I. Taylor purchased the land bordered by Brookline Avenue, Jersey Street, Van Ness Street and Lansdowne Street and developed it into a larger baseball stadium. However, given that Taylors family also owned the Fenway Realty Company, like many classic ballparks, Fenway Park was constructed on an asymmetrical block, with consequent asymmetry in its field dimensions. The General Contractor was the Charles Logue Building Company, the first game was played April 20,1912, with mayor John F. Fitzgerald throwing out the first pitch and Boston defeating the New York Highlanders, 7-6 in 11 innings. Newspaper coverage of the opening was overshadowed by continuing coverage of the Titanic sinking a few days earlier, Fenway Park has historically drawn low attendance, its lowest occurring late in the 1965 season with two games having paid attendance under 500 spectators. On Wednesday, June 17,2009, the park celebrated its 500th consecutive Red Sox sellout, according to WBZ-TV, the team joined three NBA teams which achieved 500 consecutive home sellouts. The sellout streak ended on April 11,2013, in all the Red Sox sold out 794 regular season games, the parks address was originally 24 Jersey Street. In 1977, the section of Jersey Street nearest the park was renamed Yawkey Way in honor of longtime Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey, and the parks address is now 4 Yawkey Way. Some of the include, In 1934, a hand-operated scoreboard was added, with what was then considered high-technology lights to indicate balls. The scoreboard is updated by hand today from behind the wall. The National League scores were removed in 1976, but restored in 2003, in 1946, upper deck seats were installed, Fenway Park is essentially the first double-tiered ballpark in Boston since the South End Grounds of the 1880s. In 1947, arc lights were installed at Fenway Park, the Boston Red Sox were the third-to-last team out of 16 major league teams to have lights in their home park
24.
Ray Morgan
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Raymond Caryll Morgan was an infielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a second baseman for the Washington Senators from 1911 through 1918. Listed at 58,155 lb. Morgan batted and threw right-handed and he was born in Baltimore, Maryland. During the dead-ball era, second baseman Ray Morgan was part of a double play combo along with shortstop George McBride for the Washington Senators in a span of eight years. Basically a slap-hitter, Morgan compiled a.254 batting average and his most productive season came in 1913, when he posted career-highs in average, hits, runs, RBI and walks, while turning 61 double plays in 134 games. Following his major league stint Morgan finished his career with the Baltimore Orioles of the International League and he hit a.293 average in 168 Minor league games in parts of three seasons. Morgan died in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 50, after complications related to pneumonia, batting statistics Interestingly, Morgan is forever linked with Babe Ruth. During the 1917 season, Ruth pitched for the Boston Red Sox during the first game of a Boston-Washington doubleheader on June 23 at Fenway Park. Morgan, leading off for the Senators, was awarded first base after home plate umpire Brick Owens called the first four pitches all balls, after an altercation with Owens, Ruth was ejected and Ernie Shore came into the game to relieve him. Then Morgan tried stealing second base on the first pitch by Shore, after that, Shore retired the next 26 Senators he faced
25.
Brick Owens
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Clarence Bernard Brick Owens was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League in 1908 and 1912–1913, and in the American League from 1916 through 1937. He officiated in the World Series in 1918,1922,1925,1928 and 1934 and he also worked the All-Star Game in 1934, calling balls and strikes for the games second half. After local authorities began the process of bringing charges, the father offered Owens $750 to drop the matter. By mid-1903 Owens had moved to the Western League, and he joined the Missouri Valley League when the Western League reorganized in 1904 and he moved on to the American Association in 1905–1906, then the Eastern League in 1907 before returning to the American Association from 1908 to 1912. After a 1906 game, local Minneapolis officials tried to get an injunction to overturn a call he made to end the contest, in a 1908 game in Milwaukee, he fought off 50 fans after a game-ending decision before being rescued by police. Another Milwaukee incident saw a rescuing policeman get his finger bitten off, after briefly working in the NL in 1908, he had an offer from Pulliam to join the NL staff in 1909, but the offer fell through due to Pulliams subsequent illness. After Pittsburgh Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss took exception to one of Owens decisions, he had the umpire followed by a private detective, the league released Owens to satisfy the Pirates owner, and Owens worked in the International League in 1913 before returning to the American Association in 1914–1915. American League president Ban Johnson hired him for the 1916 season, Owens is perhaps best known for the game of June 23,1917, in which Babe Ruth was the starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. Ruth walked the first batter for the Washington Senators in four pitches, Owens died at age 64 in Chicago after suffering a heart attack at the wholesale meat distributor where he had worked as a salesman since leaving baseball. He was buried in Fairmount-Willow Hills Memorial Park in Willow Springs and he was survived by his wife Helen. List of Major League Baseball umpires BaseballLibrary Retrosheet Brick Owens at Find a Grave
26.
Pinch Thomas
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Chester David Thomas was a backup catcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1912 through 1921 for the Boston Red Sox and Cleveland Indians. Listed at 5 ft 9.5 in,173 lb. Thomas batted left-handed and he was born in Camp Point, Illinois. The Red Sox signed Thomas in 1911 but allowed him to play the 1911 season with the Sacramento Sacts before recalling him to the Major Leagues for the 1912 season and he spent the 1912 season as a little-used backup catcher for 1912 World Series championship Red Sox. A fine defensive replacement, Thomas was the catcher for the Red Sox during three years, helping them to the World Championship in 1915 and 1916. In 1917 he led American League catchers with a and he did not appear in a game for the Athletics and was sold to the Indians. While in Cleveland, he won a third World Series ring in 1920, a good pinch-hitter as well, he hit.417 from 1913 to 1918. In a 10-season career, Thomas was a.237 hitter with two runs and 102 RBI, including 88 runs,27 doubles, eight triples,12 stolen bases. In 423 catching appearances, he commiited 52 errors in 1,948 chances for a.973 fielding percentage and he appeared as himself in the Paramount feature film Warming Up. Thomas died in Modesto, California at age 65, career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Baseball Library Retrosheet
27.
Perfect game
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A perfect game is defined by Major League Baseball as a game in which a pitcher pitches a victory that lasts a minimum of nine innings and in which no opposing player reaches a base. Thus, the pitcher cannot allow any hits, walks, hit batsmen, or any opposing player to reach safely for any other reason. The feat has been achieved 23 times in MLB history –21 times since the era began in 1900. A perfect game is also a no-hitter and a shutout, a fielding error that does not allow a batter to reach base, such as a misplayed foul ball, does not spoil a perfect game. Weather-shortened contests in which a team has no baserunners and games in which a team reaches first base only in extra innings do not qualify as perfect games under the present definition. The first confirmed use of the perfect game was in 1908. Although it is possible for multiple pitchers to combine for a game, to date. In Nippon Professional Baseball, no-hitters or perfect games that use two or more pitchers are considered unofficial, the first known use in print of the term perfect game occurred in 1908. Several sources have claimed that the first recorded usage of the perfect game was by Ernest J. Lanigan in his Baseball Cyclopedia. The Chicago Tribune came close to the term in describing Richmonds game in 1880, Richmond was most effectively supported, similarly, in writing up Wards perfect game, the New York Clipper described the perfect play of Providences defense. The definition of game was made to parallel this new definition of the no-hitter. There has been one game in the World Series, thrown by Don Larsen for the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers on October 8,1956. By coincidence, the second Yankee pitcher to throw a game, David Wells in 1998, graduated from the same high school as Larsen - Point Loma High School in San Diego. The most recent perfect game pitched in Major League Baseball was thrown by Félix Hernández of the Seattle Mariners against the Tampa Bay Rays on August 15,2012 and he struck out the side twice and struck out twelve total batters in the 1-0 victory over Tampa Bay. Since the beginning of the 2009 MLB season, it was the time that the Tampa Bay Rays were on the losing end of a perfect game. The only perfect game thrown in a Little League World Series championship was by Angel Macias of the Monterrey, Mexico, the Perfect Game, A Classic Collection of Facts, Figures, Stories and Characters from the Society for American Baseball Research. More Than Merkle, A History of the Best and Most Exciting Baseball Season in Human History, Perfect, The Inside Story of Baseballs Seventeen Perfect Games. The Greatest Game Ever Pitched, Sports Illustrated,27 Men Out, Baseballs Perfect Games
28.
Harry Frazee
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Harry Herbert Frazee was an American theatrical agent, producer and director, and owner of the Major League Baseball Boston Red Sox from 1916 to 1923. He is well known for selling Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees, Harry Frazee was born June 29,1880, in Peoria, Illinois, son of William and Margaret Frazee. He attended Peoria High School, where he was a teammate of Harry Bay. At 16, Frazee became assistant manager of the Peoria Theater, within a year, he was player-coach of the Peoria Distillers semi-pro baseball club. As his theatrical endeavors continued, Frazee moved to Chicago, where he built the Cort Theater in 1907 and he also promoted a boxing match between Jess Willard and Jack Johnson on April 5,1915 in Havana, Cuba and was reported by then to be a millionaire. Frazee bought the Boston Red Sox baseball team from Joseph Lannin for a reported $500,000 after their victory in the 1916 World Series, the Sox won another World Series title in 1918. The team finished in sixth in 1919, and after the 1919 season Frazee started selling players to the New York Yankees, then he left the Red Sox in bankruptcy while continuing to make theatre productions. After the sale of Ruth, the team crashed into the American League cellar, the Red Sox would not win another pennant until 1946, and would not win another World Series until 2004, the third longest drought in MLB history. He was the subject of a portrait in Fred Liebs account of the Red Sox. This would become an element in the Curse of the Bambino. The truth is more nuanced and has as much to do with a long-running dispute between Frazee and American League founder and president Ban Johnson as it does with Frazees finances. Frazee was the first American League owner who hadnt been essentially hand-picked by Johnson, in response, Johnson began actively campaigning to yank the Red Sox from under Frazee. The dispute finally boiled over in the summer of 1919 when pitcher Carl Mays jumped the team, Johnson ordered him suspended, but Frazee instead sold him to the then-moribund Yankees. Johnson had promised Yankee owners Jacob Ruppert and Cap Huston to get better players. The Mays flap divided the American League into two factions—the Yankees, Red Sox and Chicago White Sox on one side and the five clubs, known as the Loyal Five. Under the circumstances, when Frazee finally lost patience with Ruth, under pressure from Johnson, the Loyal Five rejected Frazees overtures almost out of hand. In effect, Johnson limited Frazee to dealing with either the White Sox or the Yankees. With the note from Lannin that hed used in part to finance his purchase of the Red Sox having come due in November 1919, Frazee had little choice, Ruth became the property of the Yankees on January 5,1920
29.
Forsyth County, North Carolina
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Forsyth County is a county located in the U. S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 350,670, Forsyth County is included in the Winston-Salem, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area. Parts of Forsyth County are in the Yadkin Valley wine region, the county was formed in 1849 from Stokes County. It was named for Colonel Benjamin Forsyth, who was killed in the War of 1812. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 413 square miles. The population density was 747 people per square mile, there were 133,093 housing units at an average density of 325 per square mile. 6. 40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, in 200562. 9% of Forsyth countys population was non-Hispanic whites. 25. 9% of the population was African-American,1. 3% was Asian and 1. 1% reported two or more races. The decline in the last is due to changes in counting which basically excluded all Latinos from this category,28. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the family size was 2.94. In the county, the population was out with 23. 90% under the age of 18,9. 60% from 18 to 24,31. 10% from 25 to 44,22. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 91.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $42,097, and the median income for a family was $52,032. Males had an income of $36,158 versus $27,319 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,023, about 7. 90% of families and 11. 00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 10% of those under age 18 and 9. 70% of those age 65 or over. The Forsyth County Government Center is located at 201 North Chestnut Street in Downtown Winston-Salem, Forsyth County is a member of the regional Northwest Piedmont Council of Governments. The Forsyth County Public Library, founded in 1906, is free for residents of Forsyth and surrounding counties, the library runs Adult, Childrens, and Hispanic Outreach programs. Its main Central Library is in downtown Winston-Salem, with locations all across the county
30.
Minor League Baseball
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All of the minor leagues are operated as independent businesses. Most are members of the organization known as Minor League Baseball. Several leagues, known as independent baseball leagues, do not have any links to Major League Baseball. Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball teams may enter into a PDC for a two- or four-year term. At the expiration of a PDC term, teams may renew their affiliation, or sign new PDCs with different clubs, though many relationships are renewed and endure for extended time periods. Minor League teams that are owned directly by the major league club do not have PDCs with each other and are not part of the reaffiliation shuffles that occur every other year, several more independent leagues operate in the United States and Canada. The earliest professional baseball association, the National Association of 1871 to 1875 and this system proved unworkable, however, as there was no way to ensure competitive balance, and financially unsound clubs often failed in midseason. This problem was solved in 1876 with the formation of the National League, with a membership which excluded less competitive. Professional clubs outside the National League responded by forming regional associations of their own, there was a series of ad hoc groupings, such as the New England Association of 1877 and the Eastern Championship Association of 1881. These were loose groups of independent clubs which agreed to play a series of games for a championship pennant, the first minor league is traditionally considered to be the Northwestern League of 1883 to 1884. Unlike the earlier minor associations, it was conceived as a permanent organization and it also, along with the National League and the American Association, was a party to the National Agreement of 1883. Included in this was the agreement to respect the reserve lists of clubs in each league, teams in the National League and the American Association could only reserve players who had been paid at least $1000. Northwest League teams could reserve players paid merely $750, implicitly establishing the division into major and minor leagues, over the next two decades, more minor leagues signed various versions of the National Agreement. Eventually, the minor leagues joined together to negotiate jointly, in the late 1890s, the Western League run by the fiery Ban Johnson decided to challenge the National Leagues position. Representatives of the different minor leagues met at the Leland Hotel in Chicago on September 5,1901, in response to the National–American battle, they agreed to form the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, called the NAPBL, or NA for short. The purpose of the NA at the time was to maintain the independence of the leagues involved, several did not sign the agreement and continued to work independently. Powers was made the first president of the NAPBL, whose offices were established in Auburn, in 1903, the conflict between the American and National Leagues ended in the National Agreement of 1903. The NAPBL became involved in the stages of the negotiations to develop rules for the acquisition of players from their leagues by the National
31.
Gene Hooks Field at Wake Forest Baseball Park
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Gene Hooks Field at Wake Forest Baseball Park is a collegiate and former minor-league baseball park in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. The ballpark is located at 401 Deacon Boulevard, directly east of BB&T Field and it is bounded by Deacon Boulevard to the south, Shorefair Drive to the east, and BB&T Field to the west. West 32nd Street lies to the north behind a group of buildings, after Shore retired as a ballplayer, he served as Forsyth County Sheriff and baseball guru for many years. He helped spearhead the drive for a new ballpark, after the decades-old South Side Park had burned, the effort was successful, and the Twins, as they were then called, had a new home. Since then, the team has gone through various nicknames and is called the Dash. The park was also the field of the Demon Deacons baseball team until they opened Gene Hooks Stadium on campus in 1981. Because Hooks Stadium lacked lights, some early-season and necessary night games continued to be played at Ernie Shore Field, like their now-demolished on-campus ballpark, the renamed Ernie Shore Field honors former Wake Forest athletic director Gene Hooks. The baseball park was used for key scenes in the 1990 movie Mr. Destiny starring James Belushi. In that movie, Belushis character travels back in time to try again in a high school ball game. With the resurgence of minor league baseball during the 1980s and 1990s, the sale was completed prior to the 2009 baseball season. The new ballparks construction experienced various delays, the Dash had hoped to begin the 2009 season at the downtown park, but pushed the date back to mid-season. Wake Forest University accommodated the Dash for as much of the 2009 season as necessary, on June 2, the club announced the opening of the new ballpark for the 2010 season, allowing Wake Forest complete control of Wake Forest Baseball Park. List of NCAA Division I baseball venues More Info Ernie Shore Field Views - Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues
32.
Wake Forest University
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Wake Forest University is a private, independent, nonprofit, nonsectarian, coeducational research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, founded in 1834. The university received its name from its location in Wake Forest, north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Reynolda Campus, the main campus, has been located north of downtown Winston-Salem since the university moved there in 1956. The university also occupies lab space at Biotech Plaza at Innovation Quarter, the Universitys Graduate School of Management maintains a presence on the main campus in Winston-Salem and in Charlotte, North Carolina. Wake Forest has produced 15 Rhodes Scholars, including 13 since 1986, Wake Forest has graduated many other successful alumni, including dozens of politicians, attorneys, physicians, scientists, and academicians. Dr. Samuel Wait, a Baptist minister, was selected as the principal, later president, in 1838, it was renamed Wake Forest College, and the manual labor system was abandoned. The town that grew up around the college came to be called the town of Wake Forest, in 1862, during the American Civil War, the school closed due to the loss of most students and some faculty to service in the Confederate States Army. The college re-opened in 1866 and prospered over the four decades under the leadership of presidents Washington Manly Wingate, Thomas H. Pritchard. In 1894, the School of Law was established, followed by the School of Medicine in 1902, the university held its first summer session in 1921. Lea Laboratory was built in 1887-1888, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The leading college figure in the early 20th century was Dr. William L. Poteat, a gifted biologist, Dr. Billy continued to promote growth, hired many outstanding professors, and expanded the science curriculum. The School of Medicine moved to Winston-Salem in 1941 under the supervision of Dean Coy Cornelius Carpenter, the school then became the Bowman Gray School of Medicine. The following year,1942, Wake Forest admitted its first female undergraduate students, Charles and Mary Babcock donated to the college about 350 acres of fields and woods at Reynolda, their estate. From 1952 to 1956, fourteen new buildings were constructed on the new campus and these buildings were constructed in Georgian style. The old campus in Wake Forest was sold to the Baptist State Convention to establish the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. On April 27,1962, Wake Forests Board of Trustees voted to accept Edward Reynolds and this made Wake Forest the first major private university in the South to desegregate. Reynolds, a student from Shaw University, later became the first black graduate of the university in 1964. Later, he went on to earn degrees at Ohio University and Yale Divinity School
33.
Cleveland Public Library
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The Cleveland Public Library was founded in 1869 and is located in Cleveland, Ohio. Librarian William Howard Brett opened the librarys first stand-alone childrens room on February 22,1898, effie Louise Power was appointed Clevelands first childrens librarian. In 1915, the Cleveland architectural firm of Walker and Weeks won a competition to design a new library building, construction of their classical Renaissance design, delayed by the First World War, began in 1923 under Linda Anne Eastman. Eastman was the first woman to head a major U. S. city library system and she opened bookshelves to patrons, replacing the New York Public Library system in which a librarian fetched the books. The Main Library consists of two buildings, the older wing, completed on May 6,1925 and renovated between 1997 and 1999, has five stories, each as high as two stories in most buildings. The renovations included the restoration of a mural painted by Ora Coltman in 1934 for the Federal Arts Project. The work was done by the Intermuseum Conservation Association, the second building, named after former U. S. Congressman Louis Stokes, was dedicated in 1997, in 2002, the Cleveland Public Library had annual attendance of 804,692 and an annual circulation of 1,698,928 items. In 2014, the collection totaled 3,721,300 items. The Cleveland Public Library is a member of CLEVNET, a consortium of 43 public libraries throughout northern Ohio, in 1947, it became a depository library for the United Nations Library network, holding documents for the state of Ohio. There are only 400 UN depository libraries worldwide, in 2012, the Library released a strategic plan focusing on communities of learning and preparing for its 150th anniversary in 2019. Main Building 1st Floor, Popular Library magazines, newspapers, circulation is also available on this floor. 2nd Floor, Literature includes fiction, film, comics, and television 3rd Floor, Fine Arts includes art, architecture, and music. This floor also houses Special Collections which includes the John G. White Collection of Folklore, Orientalia, and Chess, the Cleveland Digital Public Library opened on this floor on February 14,2015. 4th Floor, Youth Services and Foreign Literature 5th Floor is book storage Basement Walkway to Louis Stokes Wing Louis Stokes Wing Lower Level, the librarys Auditorium is also on this level. This floor also houses the Sports Research Center, 6th Floor, History and Geography also includes an extensive genealogy collection. The Map Collection is also on this floor, United Nations documents are deposited here too. H
34.
Find a Grave
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Find a Grave is a website that allows the public to search and add to an online database of cemetery records. It is owned by Ancestry. com, the worlds largest for-profit genealogy company, the site was created in 1995 by Salt Lake City resident Jim Tipton to support his hobby of visiting the burial sites of celebrities. He later added an online forum, Find a Grave was launched as a commercial entity in 1998, first as a trade name and then incorporated in 2000. The site later expanded to include graves of non-celebrities, in order to allow visitors to pay respect to their deceased relatives or friends. In 2013, Tipton sold Find a Grave to Ancestry. com, burial information is a wonderful source for people researching their family history. In a September 30,2013, press release, Ancestry, as of March 2017, Find a Grave contained over 159 million burial records and 75 million photos. The website contains listings of cemeteries and graves from around the world, american cemeteries are organized by state and county, and many cemetery records contain Google Maps and photographs of the cemeteries and gravesites. Individual grave records may contain dates and places of birth and death, biographical information, cemetery and plot information, photographs, Interment listings are added by individuals, genealogical societies, and other institutions such as the International Wargraves Photography Project. Contributors must register as members to submit listings, called memorials, the submitter becomes the manager of the listing but may transfer management. Only the current manager of a listing may edit it, although any member may use the features to send correction requests to the listings manager. Managers may add links to other listings of deceased spouses, parents, members may post requests for photos of a specific grave, these requests will be automatically sent to other members who have registered their location as being near that grave. Find a Grave also maintains lists of memorials of famous persons by their claim to fame, such as Medal of Honor recipients, religious figures, Find a Grave exercises editorial control over these listings. Canadian Headstones Interment. net National Cemetery Administrations Nationwide Gravesite Locator Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness Tombstone tourist Colker, web site answers grave concerns about stars. Web site attracts millions of grave-seekers, Find VIPs who R. I. P. through online cemetery. Genealogy, Find a Grave tremendous on many different levels, terre Haute, Indiana, Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. Archived from the original on May 14,2011, tip, Find a Grave has info youre dying to know. Tracking Down Relatives, Visiting Graves Virtually, media related to Images from Find A Grave at Wikimedia Commons Official website
35.
Bob Groom
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Robert Groom, was a professional baseball player who played as a pitcher in two midwest minor leagues and the Pacific Coast League from 1904 to 1908, and then in the Major Leagues from 1909 to 1918. He pitched for the Washington Senators, St. Louis Terriers, St. Louis Browns, on May 6,1917, while with the Browns, Groom no-hit the eventual World Champion Chicago White Sox 3–0. The no-hitter came in the game of Sunday double-header, after Groom preserved the win in the first game. It also came the day after teammate Ernie Koobs 1–0 no-hitter against the White Sox, to date, Koob and his best major league season was with the 1912 Senators, when he won 24 games and Washington finished second in the American League. During his debut season, Groom became the first pitcher to achieve 19 consecutive losses in a season and he did and coached them to the state and regional championships in their first season. He led the Hilgards through 1944, and for his role in founding the team was inducted into the Hilgard Hall of Fame in February 2008. C
36.
Dutch Leonard (left-handed pitcher)
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Hubert Benjamin Dutch Leonard, was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who had an 11-year career from 1913 to 1921, and 1924 to 1925. He played for the Boston Red Sox and Detroit Tigers, the all-time record holder is Tim Keefe with a 0.86 ERA in 1880. Another pitcher named Dutch Leonard pitched in the National League around a decade later, born in Birmingham, Ohio, Leonard played baseball for the Saint Marys College of California Gaels in Moraga, California, from 1910 to 1911. In 1912, he played for the Denver Grizzlies of the Western League, where he compiled a 22–9 record with 326 strikeouts, Leonard broke in with the Boston Red Sox in 1913. Leonard also pitched well in Bostons 1915 and 1916 World Series victories and he won Game 3 of the 1915 World Series, outduelling the Phillies Grover Cleveland Alexander 2–1. He also won Game 4 of the 1916 World Series against the Brooklyn Robins, Leonard also pitched two no-hitters for the Red Sox, the first in 1916 against the St. Louis Browns and the second in 1918 against the Detroit Tigers. In January 1919, the Red Sox sold Leonard to the Detroit Tigers, Leonard became embroiled in a salary dispute with Tigers owner Frank Navin in 1922, and Leonard opted to play for Fresno, in the San Joaquin Valley League in 1922 and 1923. Leonard was suspended by the American League for his actions, Leonard pitched in his final major league game on July 19,1925. Even before their player-manager feud, Leonard and Cobb had a history, in 1914, Leonard hit Cobb in the ribs with a fastball. In the next at bat, Cobb dragged a bunt which the Red Sox first baseman was forced to field, a full feud broke when Cobb took over as the Tigers manager in 1921. Cobb took pleasure in fining Leonard, who enjoyed late nights, in 1922, Leonard and Cobb fought over how to pitch to George Sisler and Tris Speaker. Leonard cursed Cobb to his face during the dispute, and Leonard ended up quitting the team in 1921, when Leonard returned to the Tigers in 1924 after two seasons in the San Joaquin Valley League, the feud with Cobb resumed. By the middle of the 1925 season, Leonard was 11–3, in front of the team, Cobb berated Leonard, Dont you dare turn bolshevik on me. Leonard accused Cobb of over-working him, and Cobb responded in July 1925 by leaving Leonard on the mound for a game despite Leonards giving up 20 hits. After that, Leonard refused to pitch for Cobb, as a result, the Tigers put Leonard on waivers, and when no team picked him up, his baseball career came to an end. Rumors began to spread that Leonard was claiming he had something on Cobb, Leonard was quoted as saying, I am going to expose that bastard Cobb, Ill ruin him. And in 1926 Leonard sought his revenge, contacting American league president Ban Johnson, Leonard claimed that Speaker and Cobb had conspired before a 1919 Tigers-Indians game to allow the Tigers to win, enabling the team to reach third place and qualify for World Series money. To corroborate his story, Leonard produced letters written at the time that referred to gambling or game-fixing
37.
Jack Barry (baseball)
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John Joseph Jack Barry was an American shortstop, second baseman, and manager in Major League Baseball, and later a college baseball coach. From 1908 through 1919, Barry played for the Philadelphia Athletics, born in Meriden, Connecticut, Barry spent his nearly entire tenure in the big leagues on winning teams, first the Philadelphia Athletics and later the Boston Red Sox. Athletics manager Connie Mack signed Barry off the campus of the College of the Holy Cross to play shortstop on what would become his famous $100,000 infield. The unit, one of the most famous groups of teammates in history, consisted of first baseman Stuffy McInnis, second baseman Eddie Collins. In 1915, the year after the Boston Braves swept the Athletics in the World Series, Red Sox owner Joe Lannin paid $8,000 for Barrys services, as Mack was dismantling the team. Upon joining the Red Sox, he hit just.262 but played reliable defense at shortstop and he played in the World Series in 1915 and 1916 for the Red Sox. Acknowledged as the teams leader, he became a player-manager in 1917, leading the team to a 90-win season. He served all of 1918 in the military, after poor play in 1919, he decided to retire rather than be sold away in another fire sale following Harry Frazees decision to sell his shortstop back to the Athletics. In an 11-season career, Barry posted a.243 batting average with 10 home runs and 429 RBI in 1223 games. Barry became the coach at Holy Cross in 1921, and continued in that position for 40 years until his death in Shrewsbury. During his tenure, he posted the highest career winning percentage in collegiate history and he was among the initial class of inductees to the American Baseball Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 1966. In 2007 he was an inaugural inductee of the College Baseball Hall of Fame along with Lou Gehrig, Christy Mathewson. List of Major League Baseball player–managers Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference Baseball Library
38.
Hick Cady
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Forrest Leroy Hick Cady was a backup catcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox and Philadelphia Phillies. He was born in Bishop Hill, Illinois, in a seven-season career, Cady was a.240 hitter with one home run and 74 RBI in 355 games played. Cady managed in the minors in 1922 and 1924, Cady died in a hotel fire in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, at the age of 60. 1912 World Series 1915 World Series 1916 World Series Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Baseball Almanac Baseball Library
39.
Bill Carrigan
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William Francis Carrigan, nicknamed Rough, was a Major League baseball catcher. He was born in Lewiston, Maine, where he graduated from Lewiston High School, before studying at Holy Cross College in Worcester, Carrigan started his career as a platoon catcher and played all ten seasons with the Boston Red Sox. Midway through the 1913 baseball season, he replaced Jake Stahl as manager of the defending World Series champion Red Sox as a player-manager. He then led Boston to a finish in 1914 and two world championships in 1915 and 1916, compiling an 8–2 record as a manager in World Series play. Until Terry Francona duplicated the feat in 2007, he was the manager to have won two World Series titles with Boston. Babe Ruth called Carrigan the best manager he ever played for and he then left baseball to become a banker in his home state of Maine. He returned to manage the Red Sox in 1927, but he was unable to duplicate his previous success as Boston finished in last place for three straight seasons, bill Carrigan died in Lewiston, Maine, at the age of 85. He was posthumously elected to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2004
40.
Ray Collins (baseball)
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Ray Williston Collins was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Boston Red Sox. A native of Colchester, Vermont, Collins batted and threw left-handed and he debuted on July 19,1909, and played his final game on October 7,1915. In a seven-season career, Collins posted an 84–62 record with 511 strikeouts, a graduate of the University of Vermont, Collins was a good-hitting pitcher and an outstanding fielder, but the key to his success was his remarkable control. He consistently ranked among the American League leaders in fewest walks allowed per nine innings, finishing third in the league in 1912, second in 1913 and fourth in 1914. He also averaged 16 wins from 1910 to 1914, including a combined 39 wins in 1913–14, Collins became a regular in Boston rotation in 1910. In his first full season, he pitched a one-hitter against the Chicago White Sox and compiled a 13–11 record, making him the second-winningest pitcher on the Red Sox behind Eddie Cicotte. He did not start a game until early June, but won two games in three days over the Philadelphia Athletics at Shibe Park, 7–3 on July 3 and 5–3 on July 5. Collins finished fifth in the AL with four shutouts, by all of them came in the half of the season. He compiled a 13–8 mark and his ERA stood at 2.53, the only left-hander in Boston rotation, Collins was considered the second-best on the pitching staff behind Smoky Joe Wood as the Red Sox clinched the American League pennant. Collins started Game Two of the World Series against Christy Mathewson and he led 4–2 after seven innings and was pulled in the eight with only one out after the Giants rallied for three runs. The game was called on account of darkness after 11 innings with the score tied 6–6, Collins was supposed to start again in Game Six, but Red Sox manager Jake Stahl opted by Buck OBrien, coming off a 20–13 season. The Giants shelled him for five runs in the first inning, then, Collins relieved in the second and pitched shutout ball for seven innings in a 5–2 lost cause. Collins enjoyed his best season yet in 1913, finishing at 19–8, in the midseason, he pitched a four-hit, 9–0 shutout and hit a home run St. Louis Browns on July 9. Later, on July 26, he pitched a five-hitter and hit a triple to give Boston a 4–1 victory over the Chicago White Sox. Collins also faced great Walter Johnson and the Washington Senators three times that season, each game finished 1–0, with Collins winning two of them, including scoreless ball for 11 innings on August 29. Collins became the ace of Boston pitching staff in 1914 with a 20–13 record and his six shutouts ranked him fourth in the American League that season, and he was one of only three pitchers in the league to reach the 20-win plateau, joining Walter Johnson and Stan Coveleski. In 1915, the Red Sox were in the position of having too many good pitchers, Rube Foster, Ernie Shore, Dutch Leonard. Then Collins was relegated to the bullpen, starting only nine games, the fewest since his rookie year, Collins finished with a 4–7 record and a 4.30 ERA in 25 pitching appearances
41.
Rube Foster (AL pitcher)
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George Rube Foster was a Major League Baseball player. Foster was a pitcher with the Boston Red Sox from 1913 to 1917. Foster was picked up by the Boston Red Sox and made his league debut for the team on April 10,1913. Foster acted as a pitcher and a relief pitcher for the team during the 19 games he pitched in during the season. Foster posted a 3–3 record with a 3.16 ERA and 36 strikeouts in 68.3 innings pitched, Fosters sophomore season in the big leagues was one of his best, in which he pitched in 32 games, while starting in 27 of them. He finished with a 14–8 record, and finished second in the American League with an impressive 1.70 ERA. Foster was only behind his Boston Red Sox teammate, Dutch Leonard, who posted a 0.96 ERA, in 1915, Foster posted a 20–8 record, and another impressive 2.11 ERA. Foster most effectively showed his importance to the team in the 1915 World Series where he picked up 2 complete game wins and only gave up 4 earned runs, with the bat, Foster went 4-for-8, with a double and an RBI. Foster had another good campaign in 1916 acting as a starting pitcher and he went 14–7 in the season, and posted a decent 3.06 ERA. On June 21 of that year, he no-hit the New York Yankees 2-0 at Fenway Park, in the 1916 World Series, Foster came in relief in Game 3, and pitched three scoreless innings. The Red Sox ended up winning the series 4 games to 1, Foster went back to a mainly starting role in 1917, posting an 8–7 record with a 2.53 ERA. Before the start of the 1918 season, Foster was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for Dave Shean, Rube Foster refused to report to his new team and so the Red Sox sent cash to the Reds to complete the trade. Rube Fosters baseball career ended, and he finished his major career with 58–33 career pitching record. List of Major League Baseball no-hitters Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Baseball Almanac- Rube Foster Baseball Library- Rube Foster
42.
Del Gainer
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Dellos Clinton Gainer, nicknamed Sheriff, was an American baseball player. In his first full year in the leagues, he drew praise for his fielding and was batting.302 when he was struck by a pitched ball. Gainer suffered from the wrist injury and other injuries over the several seasons. In 1914, Gainer was sold to the Boston Red Sox and he played for Boston teams that won the World Series in consecutive seasons in 1915 and 1916. He had the third highest batting average on the Red Sox in 1915 and he had the game-winning hit in the 14th inning of Game 2 of the 1916 World Series. He spent the 1918 season in the United States Navy during World War I, in 10 major league seasons, Gainer appeared in 548 games,444 of them at first base, and compiled a.272 batting average. Gainer was born in Montrose, West Virginia, in 1886, as a young man, he worked as a carpenter in Elkins, West Virginia, and played baseball as a shortstop in Elkins. He began playing baseball for $80 a month with the Grafton, West Virginia. His fielding was not adequate at the position, and he was moved to first base. He drew attention, however, for his batting, compiling a.317 batting average in 74 games for the Grafton team, in early August 1909, Gainer was purchased from Grafton by the Detroit Tigers. He made his league debut with the Detroit Tigers on October 2,1909. He appeared in two games for the 1909 Tigers and had two hits and two strikeouts in five at bats, in 1910, Gainer was farmed out to the Fort Wayne Billikens in the Central League. The deal required Fort Wayne to pay $500 for Gainer and allowed Detroit to buy him back at the end of the season for the same sum and he appeared in 136 games for Fort Wayne and compiled a.311 batting average in 489 at bats. On September 26,1910, the Tigers exercised their option to recall Gainer, in 1911, Gainer appeared in 70 games for the Tigers,69 of them as a first baseman, and compiled a.302 batting average in 248 at bats. Early in the season, one report noted that his fielding is making him the sensation of the American League. The 1911 Tigers opened the season with a phenomenal 21–2 record, Jennings noted, This boy is an ideal player. He abides by every rule of nature and he will always be in condition to play his best. There is something else about Gainer that you must appreciate and he does not think no one can tell him a thing
43.
Larry Gardner
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William Lawrence Larry Gardner was a third baseman in Major League Baseball. From 1908 through 1924, Gardner played for the Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Athletics, Gardner was born in Enosburg, Vermont and attended Enosburg High School. He began playing baseball in the Franklin County League and attended the University of Vermont where he played baseball for three years and he was the first player out of the University of Vermont to play in the American League. Gardner was signed by the Boston Red Sox as a free agent in 1908. He played most of his prime in the era, as the third baseman on several successful Red Sox teams. While he was with the Red Sox, he played in the 1912,1915, Gardner homered in consecutive games of the 16 Series, including a three-run inside-the-park homer in Game 4. He played in another World Series for the Indians in 1920, Gardner batted left-handed and threw right-handed. In his 17-season career, Larry Gardner posted a.289 batting average with 27 home runs and 929 RBI in 1922 games, Gardner was inducted into Vermonts Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969. After his retirement, he returned to the University of Vermont as a baseball coach, Gardner died on March 11,1976 in St. George, Vermont. He was cremated and the location of his ashes are unknown, in its December 27,1989 issue commemorating the millennium, Sports Illustrated named Gardner as one of the Top 50 Vermont athletes of the 20th Century. Gardner was inducted to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2000, in 2012 Gardner was inducted into the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame
44.
Vean Gregg
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Sylveanus Augustus Vean Gregg was born April 13,1885, in Chehalis, Washington. For three years, the left-hander was one of the most dominant pitchers in the major leagues, Gregg started his professional career in Portland, Oregon in 1910 with the Pacific Coast League. The next year, he played for the Cleveland Naps, going 23–7 with a league leading 1.80 ERA, in 1912 and 1913, he started 34 games both years with an identical 20–13 record each season. Gregg was traded to the Boston Red Sox in mid-1914 and he played for them on both the 1915 and 1916 World Series championship teams. He developed an arm in 1914 and had continual arm problems for the rest of his career. In December 1917, Connie Mack acquired Gregg for the Philadelphia Athletics and he went 9–14 in 30 games in 1918 with a respectable 3.12 ERA for the last-place Athletics. Gregg did not play baseball at any level from 1919 to 1921 and he returned to the Pacific Coast League in Seattle, Washington in 1922 and played there until 1924. In 1925, he signed with the Washington Senators and went 2–2 with two saves after a 6-year absence from major league baseball and he later was inducted in the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame. Greggs major league record is 92–63 with a lifetime 2.70 ERA in 1,393 innings pitched and 720 strikeouts. He was the pitcher in the 20th century to win 20 games or more in his first three seasons. His brother, Dave, pitched one inning in 1913 as Veans teammate for the Cleveland Naps, Vean Gregg died on July 29,1964 in Aberdeen, Washington. List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Baseball-Reference Dave Gregg Biography
45.
Olaf Henriksen
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Olaf Henriksen was a Major League Baseball outfielder who remains to date the only Danish-born person ever to play in the major leagues. Defensively Olaf Henriksen solely played the outfield and his primary offensive skill was to get on base, and he recorded the second highest on-base percentage in modern baseball history among rookies with more than 100 plate appearances. He never showed much power, though, as he only had one home run. Henriksen was mainly a player for the Red Sox. In his active career he was 5 ft. 7½ in. Tall and weighed 158 lb. Olaf Henriksen was born in the Danish village Kirkerup on Western Zealand in 1888, not much is known about the reason for his immigration to the United States. Boston lost the game 5–11 to the Philadelphia Athletics, at the beginning of the 1912 season rumour had it that Olaf Henriksen and his teammate Hugh Bradley were to be traded to the New York Highlanders in exchange for star player Hal Chase. The New York Times described it as one of the most important trades of recent years, Olaf Henricksen, however, is going to give Lewis a fight for his job. Henricksen, until he was injured, was going at a great clip and his last game was against the Washington Senators on June 27,1917. Three days later Olaf Henriksen was released from the team and sent back to the minor leagues, after his own professional career ended, Olaf Henriksen became the manager of the baseball team at Boston College. He also managed the team of the Grow Tire Company of Boston Henriksens family included his wife Mary. On October 17,1962 Olaf Henriksen died in Norwood, Massachusetts and he is buried in St. Mary Cemetery in the town of Canton, Massachusetts. A baseball card from 1912, which was produced by a cigar company and he is described as a slashing hitter who quickly gathered interest from scouts of the Boston Americans. In the Major Leagues he was used as a pinch hitter. He never became a regular in the lineup but instead he served as a backup for Red Sox famous outfield trio consisting of Tris Speaker, Harry Hooper, in 1915 he appeared in 73 regular season games and 2 additional games in the playoffs which was his personal record. Defensively Henriksen exclusively played the outfield and he had most appearances as right fielder, second most as left fielder and finally some as center fielder. Boston was behind by a run and the pitcher was Christy Mathewson. With a late swing Henriksen hit a curveball from Mathewson directly against 3rd base, the ball ricocheted off the base and went far enough into foul territory for the runner on 2nd to score
