Esen (1407–1454), was a powerful Oirat taishi and the de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty between 12 September 1453 and 1454. He is best known for capturing the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1449 in the Battle of Tumu Fortress and briefly reuniting the Mongol tribes. The Four Oirat reached the peak of their power under his rule.
Zhu Qizhen, captured by Esen Taishi
Oirats or Oirds, also formerly Eluts and Eleuths, are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia.
The Oirat ruler Arghun Aqa (damaged) in Tārīkh-i Jahān-Gushā 'The History of The World Conqueror", dated 1290. Suppl. Pers. 205 - Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
Tayiji (prince) of the Torghuts, one of the main Oirat tribes, and his wife (土爾扈特台吉). Huang Qing Zhigong Tu, 1769.
The Zunghar Khanate at 1750 (light-blue color)
Oirat ceremonial hat