1.
Santiago Province, Chile
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Santiago Province is one of the six provinces of the Santiago Metropolitan Region of central Chile. It encompasses the majority of the population of region, including 31 of the 36 communities of Greater Santiago. As a province, Santiago is an administrative division of Chile. In January 2001, the Provincial Delegation of Santiago was created via a Provincial Delegate, the province comprises 32 communes, each governed by a municipality consisting of an alcalde and municipal council. The climate of the Santiago Province, and generally of the Metropolitan Region is temperate Mediterranean cold, precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, generally as snow over 1000 m above sea level and, in colder years, over the city of Santiago. Winter tends to be cold with frequent frosts during which temperature drops below 0 °C, the summer months are usually dry and hot. The Cordillera de la Costa acts as a screen and reduces marine influence. This situation becomes apparent when comparing precipitation from a location such as Valparaíso with that of Santiago de Chile. The annual median precipitation reaches 367 mm on average, the annual median temperature comes out to 13.5 °C, with a median high of 21 °C and a median low of 6 °C. Most of the province is made up of an extremely fertile, before the Iberian conquest, the central zone of Chile was sparsely inhabited by an indigenous population of Picunches, the northern branch of the Mapuches. The European occupation had a impact on the native population and culture. Chief among the reasons was the Spanish Crowns granting of gifts of land to its colonists, in addition, the institution of a system of encomiendas, only abolished by the end of the 18th century, had irreversible consequences. It represented first the appropriation of indigenous ground, and second the practice of Spaniards receiving groups of natives who had to pay tribute. According to the census of 2002, Santiago Province has 4,668,473 inhabitants, of whom 2,244,497 are male and 2,423,976 female, meaning that the number of males is 92. 6% that of females. The population density is the highest in Chile, with 2,999.4 inhabitants/km², the most densely populated comuna is that of Lo Prado and the most populous is La Florida, a suburb of the capital. In 2002, there were 4,658,687 persons living in areas and 9,786 persons living in rural areas. The annual population growth rate is calculated for 2005 as 0. 9%, life expectancy is exactly the Chilean national average, which is the highest national life expectancy in Latin America,80 years on average,78 for men and 82 for women. The area has a household income of $29,062 in PPP US dollars
2.
Colo-Colo
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Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo is a Chilean football club based in Macul, Santiago. Founded in 1925, they play in the Chilean Primera División, the team plays its home games at Estadio Monumental David Arellano since 1989. Colo-Colo is regarded as the most successful club of Chilean football, Colo-Colo has won more Primera División de Chile than any other Chilean club and a record eleven Copa Chile titles. It was the first Chilean team to win a continental tournament conquering the 1991 Copa Libertadores after beating Club Olimpia 3–0 on 5 June with Mirko Jozić as manager. Next year, the club went on to win two titles that were 1992 Recopa Sudamericana and 1992 Copa Interamericana, completing the clubs three international honours. Colo-Colo is the team with most supporters in Chile, and holds a standing rivalry with Club Universidad de Chile. The club also holds a rivalry in matches against C. D. Cobreloa and Club Deportivo Universidad Católica, the IFFHS placed the team into the top 30 club ranking in 2007. In 2009, that same institution named the team as the 20th centurys top club of its country, the team was founded in early 1925 by Magallanes footballer David Arellano, who led a group of young players leaving the club after institutional problems. The team began to play games, but in 1926, Colo-Colo took part in the Metropolitan League of Honour. The following year, Colo-Colo became the first Chilean football team to participate in a tour across Europe, the inflammation would lead to his death the next day. The team played another tournament final that season against Audax Italiano, however, due to a collapse of a platform at the Estadio Italiano and subsequent roughhousing by fans, the game was suspended while the Albos were winning 2–1. That days tragedy resulted in 130 injuries and three deaths, the match was canceled and the champion position for that year remained vacant. Other authors however declared that both Audax Italiano and Colo-Colo were declared champions, one year later, six Santiago based clubs along with Colo-Colo decided to create the first professional league within the country, which was established in 1933. On 23 July, the won the Campeonato de Apertura. However, in the first Primera División official tournament, Colo-Colo finished first alongside Magallanes, in 1937 the team was undefeated, leading to their first league title. After another title in 1941 with Platko as coach, the club went on two win honours in 1944 and 1947, the following year Colo-Colo organized the South American Club Championship – precursor of the Copa Libertadores – in Santiago, which brough together the 1947 champions of the continent. In 1945, the club had the worst season in its history, in the early 1950s, clubs president Antonio Labán hired Newcastle United striker George Robledo for £25,000, who with his goals led the team to the tournaments of 1953 and 1956
3.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
4.
Chile
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Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres of Antarctica, the arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes, the southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. Spain conquered and colonized Chile in the century, replacing Inca rule in northern and central Chile. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic, in the 1960s and 1970s the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil. The regime, headed by Augusto Pinochet, ended in 1990 after it lost a referendum in 1988 and was succeeded by a coalition which ruled through four presidencies until 2010. Chile is today one of South Americas most stable and prosperous nations and it leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Union of South American Nations and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. There are various theories about the origin of the word Chile, another theory points to the similarity of the valley of the Aconcagua with that of the Casma Valley in Peru, where there was a town and valley named Chili. Another origin attributed to chilli is the onomatopoeic cheele-cheele—the Mapuche imitation of the warble of a locally known as trile. The Spanish conquistadors heard about this name from the Incas, ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name Chile, after naming the Mapocho valley as such. The older spelling Chili was in use in English until at least 1900 before switching over to Chile, stone tool evidence indicates humans sporadically frequented the Monte Verde valley area as long as 18,500 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, migrating Native Americans settled in fertile valleys, settlement sites from very early human habitation include Monte Verde, Cueva del Milodon and the Pali Aike Craters lava tube. They fought against the Sapa Inca Tupac Yupanqui and his army, the result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river. The next Europeans to reach Chile were Diego de Almagro and his band of Spanish conquistadors, the Spanish encountered various cultures that supported themselves principally through slash-and-burn agriculture and hunting. The conquest of Chile began in earnest in 1540 and was carried out by Pedro de Valdivia, one of Francisco Pizarros lieutenants, who founded the city of Santiago on 12 February 1541. Although the Spanish did not find the gold and silver they sought, they recognized the agricultural potential of Chiles central valley
5.
Santiago Wanderers
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Club de Deportes Santiago Wanderers are a football club in Valparaíso, Chile, which plays in the Campeonato Nacional, the first tier of the Chilean Football Federation. Founded on 15 August 1892, it’s the country’s oldest club, being Santiago Wanderers the oldest club in the Chilean football it has many cups won along its history. In the early times of the club, the institution was part of the Liga Valparaíso, in 1926 there was an unification of the football associations in Chile and begun the decline of Valparaíso as the administrative center of the Chilean football. After this period, the club won three league titles in. Nevertheless, Wanderers have a rivalry with neighbour Everton and the two sides contest the Seaport Derby, the club have been based at Elías Figueroa Brander Stadium in Playa Ancha Hill, Valparaíso, since 1931, after moving from Barrio Puerto district. Wanderers form part of the Club de los 100 alongside other Chilean teams like Audax Italiano or Unión Española, noteworthy, the club was declared as intangible heritage of Valparaíso. The clubs home colours are green shirts and socks with white shorts, Santiago Wanderers was officially established on 15 August 1892 in the Barrio Puerto district of Valparaíso. Because the presence of a club called Valparaíso Wanderers, the name Santiago was adopted by the founders to distinguish the new team to the already existent. However, in 1944, Wanderers definitely joined the league and completed regular campaigns during the late 1940s. Wanderers first successful era started when José Pérez was made manager in 1955, in 1958, his third season in charge, the club won their first League title and in 1959 its first ever Copa Chile where beat 5–1 win to Deportes La Serena in the final. However, Wanderers again reached the Cup title in 1961, defeating Universidad Católica in the aggregate, nevertheless, the club was promoted at the first attempt after winning the championship, just two points clear of Naval from Talcahuano. Once in top-tier Wanderers didn’t highlighted and generally finished on mid-table or the last places, Wanderers were relegated for the third time in 1984 and did not return until 1989, after beating 4–1 to Unión San Felipe in the promotion playoffs. However, in 1991, Wanderers were relegated again to Second Division and celebrated its 100th anniversary close to fall to the Third Division, following four seasons at second-tier, Wanderers finally returned to top level in 1995. In 2007, after relative well seasons the club back to Primera B after finishing in the annual table’s penultimate place, however two seasons later, the club returned once again to top-tier following a victory in both legs of promotion playoffs to San Luis Quillota. After a 2010 season on mid-table, the team shook off the relegation against Naval, in 2014, after realizing an impressive Torneo Clausura, Wanderers finished runner-up behind giants Universidad de Chile after beating Colo-Colo and advance the second place. However the club qualified to a tournament following a twelve-year absence, reaching the 2015 Copa Sudamericana. In 1907 the team added a diagonal band in the classic white uniform. It was like that when James McLean, an Englishman who had come to Valparaiso few years earlier, proposed sending uniforms from England, in McLean’s return, Wanderers received twenty green kits and twenty white shorts, besides a black uniform for the goalkeepers
6.
Chile national football team
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The Chile national football team represents Chile in all major international football competitions and is controlled by the Federación de Fútbol de Chile which was established in 1895. The team is referred to as La Roja. They have appeared in nine World Cup tournaments and were hosts of the 1962 FIFA World Cup where they finished in third place, since the mid to late 1960s, the Elo ratings ranks Chile among the 25 strongest football teams in the world. Chile are the reigning Copa América champions, after winning 2015 Copa América on home soil, prior to this, Chile had been runners-up in the competition on four occasions. As a result of winning the 2015 Copa América, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, the Federación de Fútbol de Chile is the second oldest South American federation, having been founded in Valparaíso on June 19,1895. Chile is one of the four founding nations of CONMEBOL. Together with Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, the four competed in the first South American Championship, later to be renamed the Copa América, on October 12,1926, Chile made the first corner-kick goal in Copa América history in a match against Bolivia. Chile was one of the thirteen teams that competed in the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The team started off well, beating Mexico and France without conceding a goal, a 3–1 loss to Argentina in the final game left the Chilean team in second place within the group, eliminating it from the tournament. In the 1950 World Cup, Chile defeated the United States, 5–2, the best Chilean result in the World Cup was third place in 1962, as the host nation. Chile lost 4–2 to eventual champion Brazil in a semi-final but went on to defeat Yugoslavia 1–0 to earn third place, the players banned were captain Jorge Valdivia, defenders Álvaro Ormeño, Rodrigo Tello, Jorge Vargas, Pablo Contreras and striker Reinaldo Navia. Nelson Acostas resignation as manager came after Chile were knocked out of the 2007 Copa América, Chile had qualified to the quarter-finals after a 3–2 win against Ecuador, and a 0–0 draw against Mexico. But two losses, one of those being a 6–1 defeat against Brazil, sealed Acostas fate, former Argentina manager Marcelo Bielsa was given the task of becoming the Chile national team manager in preparation for the 2010 World Cup qualifiers. On October 16,2008, Chile beat Argentina 1–0 for the first time in a qualifying competition, Marcelo Bielsa was acclaimed for this accomplishment by both Chilean and Argentinian people. This match was seen as one of the reasons that ended Alfio Basiles tenure as Argentinas coach, Bielsa stated that he would leave his position if Jorge Segovia were elected as President of the Chilean Football Board. He followed through on this threat, despite Segovias election being annulled, Claudio Borghi then became Chiles manager in March 2011. After a string of bad performances and harsh criticisms, Claudio Borghi stepped down as Chiles manager in November 2012, a new manager, Jorge Sampaoli, was appointed in December 2012. A disciple of Marcelo Bielsa, Jorge Sampaoli broke new records for La Roja by winning 10, drawing 3, with Sampaoli, Chile were able to qualify for 2014 FIFA World Cup, reaching to the round of 16, where Chile lost to Brazil in penalties
7.
Pearl Jam
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Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Since its inception, the bands line-up has comprised Eddie Vedder, Mike McCready, Stone Gossard, the bands fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron, who has been with the band since 1998. Boom Gaspar has also been a member with the band since 2002. Drummers Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band, formed after the demise of Gossard and Aments previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with its debut album, Ten, in 1991. In 2006, Rolling Stone described the band as having spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame, to date, the band has sold nearly 32 million records in the United States and an estimated 60 million worldwide. Pearl Jam has outlasted and outsold many of its contemporaries from the alternative rock breakthrough of the early 1990s, stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic referred to Pearl Jam as the most popular American rock & roll band of the 90s. Pearl Jam is to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7,2017, Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament were members of pioneering grunge band Green River during the mid-1980s. Green River toured and recorded to moderate success but disbanded in 1987 due to a division between the pair and bandmates Mark Arm and Steve Turner. In late 1987, Gossard and Ament began playing with Malfunkshun vocalist Andrew Wood, in 1988 and 1989, the band recorded and toured to increasing interest and found the support of the PolyGram record label, which signed the band in early 1989. Mother Love Bones debut album, Apple, was released in July 1990, Ament and Gossard were devastated by the death of Wood and the resulting demise of Mother Love Bone. Gossard spent his time writing material that was harder-edged than what he had been doing previously. After a few months, Gossard started practicing with fellow Seattle guitarist Mike McCready, whose band, Shadow, had broken up, after practicing for a while, the trio sent out a five-song demo tape in order to find a singer and a drummer. They gave former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons the demo to see if he would be interested in joining the band, Irons passed on the invitation but gave the demo to his basketball buddy, San Diego, California singer Eddie Vedder. Vedder was the lead vocalist for a San Diego band, Bad Radio and he listened to the tape shortly before going surfing, where lyrics came to him. He then recorded the vocals to three of the songs in what he described as a mini-opera entitled Momma-Son. Vedder sent the tape with his vocals back to the three Seattle musicians, who were impressed enough to fly Vedder up to Seattle for an audition, within a week, Vedder had joined the band. With the addition of Dave Krusen on drums, the band took the name Mookie Blaylock, the band played its first official show at the Off Ramp Café in Seattle on October 22,1990, and soon signed to Epic Records and renamed themselves Pearl Jam. In a 2006 Rolling Stone cover story however, Vedder admitted that this story was total bullshit, Pearl Jam entered Seattles London Bridge Studios in March 1991 to record its debut album, Ten
8.
Pearl Jam Twenty Tour
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The Pearl Jam Twenty Tour was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam to celebrate the bands 20th anniversary. The festival dates had support from Queens of the Stone Age, Mudhoney, Liam Finn, John Doe, due to high ticket demand for pre-sale tickets, the website had to be taken offline. On July 11, the band announced an additional nine dates in Latin America and this was the second time that the band had toured Latin America, after their 2005 tour and included a show in San José, Costa Rica. On August 19, a date was added in Sao Paulo. American punk band X were announced as the band for the Latin American shows. The opening show at Alpine Valley featured songs by Mother Love Bone and this was then repeated for the second show. During the first show at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, the show was later released exclusively as a free digital download through Google Music on November 10 in celebration of the upcoming, official launch of that site on November 16
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela