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Estates of the realm
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The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe. Different systems for dividing society members in
A 13th-century French representation of the tripartite social order of the Middle Ages – Oratores ("those who pray"), Bellatores ("those who fight"),
A 13th-century French representation of the tripartite social order of the Middle Ages – Oratores ("those who pray"), Bellatores ("those who fight"), and Laboratores ("those who work").
The Three Estates of Christendom by Bartholomäus Bruyn c. 1535
The Three Estates of Christendom by Bartholomäus Bruyn c. 1535
Satire of the three estates from 1789; the hard-working Third Estate carries the lazy nobility and clergy. The legend reads A faut espérer q[u]'eu jeu
Satire of the three estates from 1789; the hard-working Third Estate carries the lazy nobility and clergy. The legend reads A faut espérer q[u]'eu jeu là finira b[i]entôt ("Hopefully, this game will be over soon"), prefiguring the French Revolution.
French miniature depicting the Three Estates, with King Charles VII at centre, 1400/50
French miniature depicting the Three Estates, with King Charles VII at centre, 1400/50
Ancien régime
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The ancien régime was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France that the French Revolution overturned. This was accomplished through its abolition in 1790 of the feudal system of the Fr
Estates of the realm
…early modern Europe. Different systems for dividing society members into estates developed and evolved over time. The best known system is the French ancien régime (old regime), a three-estate system which was made up of a First Estate of clergy, a Second Estate of titled nobles, and a Third Estate of all other…
Louis XIV (the Sun King), under whose reign the ancien régime reached an absolutist form of government; portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701
Louis XIV (the Sun King), under whose reign the ancien régime reached an absolutist form of government; portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701
The Storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, later taken to mark the end of the ancien régime
The Storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, later taken to mark the end of the ancien régime
Dioceses of France in 1789
Dioceses of France in 1789