Etiolation
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In botany, etiolation is a characteristic of flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light. It is characterized by long, weak stems; smaller leaves due to longer internodes; and a pal
Spanish bluebells Hyacinthoides hispanica, showing both leaves and flowers in both etiolated and non-etiolated states. The longest etiolated leaves are about 50 cm long.
Shade avoidance
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Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and al
Individual and densely standing trees to demonstrate the shadow escape: in the forest, trees compete for light and show an apical aldominance that is characteristic of the shadow escape.
