Eugene Raymond Sullivan is a senior federal judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces in Washington, D.C. Sullivan was nominated by President Ronald Reagan as a federal judge in 1986 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate that May. In 1990, President George H. W. Bush named him the chief judge of his court in Washington, D.C. When not recalled to active court service, Sullivan is a senior partner in the Washington, D.C., law firm of Freeh, Sporkin & Sullivan LLP.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces is an Article I court that exercises worldwide appellate jurisdiction over members of the United States Armed Forces on active duty and other persons subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The court is composed of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The court reviews decisions from the intermediate appellate courts of the services: the Army Court of Criminal Appeals, the Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals, the Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals.