1.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
2.
Morality play
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The morality play is a genre of Medieval and early Tudor theatrical entertainment. In their own time, these plays were known as interludes, Morality plays are a type of allegory in which the protagonist is met by personifications of various moral attributes who try to prompt him to choose a Godly life over one of evil. The plays were most popular in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries, having grown out of the religiously based mystery plays of the Middle Ages, they represented a shift towards a more secular base for European theatre. The earliest known morality play is Hildegard von Bingens Ordo Virtutum composed c and it is the earliest morality play by more than a century, and the only Medieval musical drama to survive with an attribution for both the text and the music. Morality plays typically contain a protagonist who represents either humanity as a whole or a social structure. Supporting characters are personifications of good and evil and this alignment of characters provides the play’s audience with moral guidance. Morality plays are the result of the dominant belief of the time period, in Everyman, perhaps the archetypal morality play, the characters take on the common pattern, representing broader ideas. Some of the characters in Everyman are God, Death, Everyman, Good-Deeds, Angel, Knowledge, Beauty, Discretion, the personified meanings of these characters are hardly hidden. The emphasis put on morality, the seemingly vast difference between good and evil, and the presence of God makes Everyman one of the most concrete examples of a morality play. At the same time, most morality plays focus more on evil, while Everyman focuses more on good, other plays that take on the typical traits of morality plays, but are rarely given the title of morality play are Hickscorner and The Second Shepherds Play. The characters in Hickscorner are Pity, Perseverance, Imagination, Contemplation, Freewill, in The Second Shepherds Play, the characters are less obviously representative of good and evil, being primarily a trio of shepherds. But other characters such as Mary, The Child Christ, and An Angel show a strong moral presence, in early English dramas Justice was personified as an entity which exercised “theological virtue or grace, and was concerned with the divine pronouncement of judgment on man”. However, as time progressed, more moralities began to emerge, the Justice in Respublica begins to concern himself with administering justice on “the criminal element”, rather than with the divine pronouncement on a generic representative of mankind. This is the first instance where one may observe a direct divergence from the theological virtues, the Justice in Respublica is personified as a “civil force rather than a theological one”. An evolution of sorts takes place within the morals and agendas of Justice, he begins to don on the Judicial Robe of prosecutor and executioner. Another change envelops in the character of Justice during the century in morality plays, Equity replaces Justice. One may readily observe the evolutionary progression of Justice as portrayed in the plays of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and it is a journey of discovery and great change on which Justice welcomes one to embark as one leafs through the pages of morality plays. Morality plays before the Reformation teach a Catholic approach to redemption, with an emphasis on works and the sacraments, a view originating with Tertullian, Cyprian, but beware, and they be small Before God, he hath no help at all
3.
Everyman (play)
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The Somonyng of Everyman, usually referred to simply as Everyman, is a late 15th-century morality play. Like John Bunyans 1678 Christian novel The Pilgrims Progress, Everyman uses allegorical characters to examine the question of Christian salvation, the premise is that the good and evil deeds of ones life will be tallied by God after death, as in a ledger book. The play is the accounting of the life of Everyman. In the course of the action, Everyman tries to convince other characters to accompany him in the hope of improving his account, all the characters are also allegorical, each personifying an abstract idea such as Fellowship, Goods, and Knowledge. The conflict between good and evil is dramatised by the interactions between characters, Everyman is being singled out because it is difficult for him to find characters to accompany him on his pilgrimage. Everyman eventually realizes through this pilgrimage that he is alone, despite all the personified characters that were supposed necessities. Everyman learns that when you are brought to death and placed before God, the play was written in Middle English during the Tudor period, but the identity of the author is unknown. Although the play was produced with some frequency in the seventy-five years following its composition. There is a similar Dutch-language morality play of the period called Elckerlijc. In the early 20th century, scholars did not agree on which of these plays was the original, convincingly shown that Everyman is a translation and adaptation from the Dutch Elckerlijc. The cultural setting is based on the Roman Catholicism of the era, Everyman attains afterlife in heaven by means of good works and the Catholic Sacraments, in particular Confession, Penance, Unction, Viaticum and receiving the Eucharist. Here begins a treatise how the high Father of Heaven sends Death to summon every creature to come and give account of their lives in this world, Death arrives at Everymans side to tell him it is time to die and face judgment. Upon hearing this, Everyman is distressed, so begs for more time, Death denies this, but will allow Everyman to find a companion for his journey. Everymans friend Fellowship promises to go anywhere with him, but when he hears of the nature of Everymans journey. Everyman then calls on Kindred and Cousin and asks them to go with him, in particular, Cousin explains a fundamental reason why no people will accompany Everyman, they have their own accounts to write as well. Afterwards, Everyman asks Goods, who will not come, God’s judgment will be severe because of the selfishness implied in Goods’s presence. Everyman then turns to Good Deeds, who says she would go with him, Good Deeds summons her sister Knowledge to accompany them, and together they go to see Confession. In the presence of Confession, Everyman begs God for forgiveness and repents his sins, after his scourging, Everyman is absolved of his sins, and as a result, Good Deeds becomes strong enough to accompany Everyman on his journey with Death
4.
Protagonist
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A protagonist is the main character in any story, such as a literary work or drama. The protagonist is at the center of the story, typically makes the key decisions, the protagonist usually affects the main characters circumstances as well, as they are often the primary actor propelling the story forward. If a story contains a subplot, or is a made up of several stories. The word protagonist is used notably in stories and forms of literature and culture that contain stories, in those forms the protagonist may simply be the leading actor, or the principal character in the story. The antagonist will provide obstacles and complications and create conflict that test the protagonist, thus revealing the strengths, the earliest known examples of protagonist are dated back to Ancient Greece. At first dramatic performances involved merely dancing and recitation by the chorus, but then in Poetics, Aristotle describes how a poet named Thespis introduced the idea of having one actor step out and engage in a dialogue with the chorus. This was the invention of tragedy, which occurred about 536 B. C, then the poet Aeschylus, in his plays, introduced a second actor, inventing the idea of dialogue between two characters. Sophocles then wrote plays that required a third actor, euripides play Hippolytus may be considered to have two protagonists. The protagonist of the first half is Phaedra, who dies partway through the play and her stepson, the titular Hippolytus, assumes the dominant role in the second half of the play. In Ibsen’s play The Master Builder, the protagonist is the architect Halvard Solness, the young woman, Hilda Wangel, whose actions lead to the death of Solness, is the antagonist. In Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is the protagonist and he is actively in pursuit of his relationship with Juliet, and the audience is invested in that story. The character of Tybalt opposes Romeo’s desires, he is the antagonist, in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Prince Hamlet, who seeks revenge for the murder of his father, is the protagonist. The antagonist would be the character who most opposes Hamlet, Claudius, in the novel The Catcher in the Rye, the character Holden Caulfield is the protagonist. He is the character, and the reader is invested in his story. Sometimes, a work will have a false protagonist, who may seem to be the protagonist, the character Marion in Alfred Hitchcocks film Psycho is an example. A novel that contains a number of narratives may have a number of protagonists, alexander Solzhenitsyns The First Circle, for example, depicts a variety of characters imprisoned and living in a gulag camp. Leo Tolstoys War and Peace, depicts fifteen major characters involved in or affected by a war
5.
Hero
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The concept of the hero was first founded in classical literature. It is the main or revered character in heroic epic poetry celebrated through ancient legends of a people, often striving for military conquest and living by a continually flawed personal honor code. The definition of a hero has changed throughout time, and the Merriam Webster dictionary defines a hero as a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities. The word hero comes from the Greek ἥρως, hero, warrior, before the decipherment of Linear B the original form of the word was assumed to be *ἥρωϝ-, hērōw-, R. S. P. Beekes has proposed a Pre-Greek origin. According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the Indo-European root is *ser meaning to protect, according to Eric Partridge in Origins, the Greek word Hērōs is akin to the Latin seruāre, meaning to safeguard. Partridge concludes, The basic sense of both Hera and hero would therefore be protector, the word hero is used in English to refer either explicitly to male heroes or as a gender neutral form. The use of the male form hero as a gender neutral substantive is a modern advent, see also Gender neutrality in English. A classical hero is considered to be a warrior who lives and dies in the pursuit of honor, each classical heros life focuses on fighting, which occurs in war or during an epic quest. Classical heroes are commonly semi-divine and extraordinarily gifted, like Achilles, or, alternatively, are like Beowulf, evolving into heroic characters through their perilous circumstances. While these heroes are incredibly resourceful and skilled, they are often foolhardy, court disaster, risk their followers lives for trivial matters, during classical times, people regarded heroes with the highest esteem and utmost importance, explaining their prominence within epic literature. Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War, Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, killing 31,000 Greek fighters, offers Hyginus. Hector was known not only for his courage but also for his noble, indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker motives. However, his familial values conflict greatly with his aspirations in The Iliad. Hector is ultimately betrayed by the gods when Athena appears disguised as his ally Deiphobus and convinces him to take on Achilles, Achilles was a Greek Hero who was considered the most formidable military fighter in the entire Trojan War and the central character of The Iliad. He was the child of Thetis and Peleus, making him a demi-god and he wielded superhuman strength on the battlefield and was blessed with a close relationship to the Gods. Achilles famously refuses to fight after his dishonoring at the hands of Agamemnon, Achilles was known for uncontrollable rage that defined many of his bloodthirsty actions, such as defiling Hectors corpse by dragging it around the city of Troy. Achilles plays a role in The Iliad brought about by constant de-humanization throughout the epic. Heroes in myth often had close but conflicted relationships with the gods, thus Heracless name means the glory of Hera, even though he was tormented all his life by Hera, the Queen of the Gods
6.
Fourth wall
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The fourth wall is a performance convention in which an invisible, imagined wall separates actors from the audience. While the audience can see through this wall, the convention assumes, the metaphor suggests a relationship to the mise-en-scène behind a proscenium arch. When a scene is set indoors and three of the walls of its room are presented onstage, in what is known as a box set, the fourth wall, though, is a convention of acting, rather than of set design. Breaking the fourth wall is any instance in which this performance convention and this can be done through either directly referencing the audience or the work they are in, or referencing their fictionality. The temporary suspension of the convention in this way draws attention to its use in the rest of the performance and this act of drawing attention to a plays performance conventions is metatheatrical. The phrase breaking the wall is used to describe such effects in those media. Breaking the fourth wall is also possible in other media, such as video games, the concept is usually attributed to the philosopher, critic and dramatist Denis Diderot. The term itself was used by Molière, one play that uses the fourth wall extensively for comedic effect is The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Critic Vincent Canby described it in 1987 as that invisible scrim that forever separates the audience from the stage, oliver Hardy was probably the first to break the fourth wall, in his movies with Stan Laurel, by staring at the camera to seek comprehension from the viewers. Groucho Marx spoke directly to the audience in Animal Crackers,1930, woody Allen broke the fourth wall several times in his movie Annie Hall, as he explained, because I felt many of the people in the audience had the same feelings and the same problems. I wanted to talk to them directly and confront them, the John Hughes movie Ferris Buellers Day Off is another well-known fourth-wall-breaking movie. Bueller, played by Matthew Broderick, often turns to the camera, in the Mel Brooks film Blazing Saddles, the characters literally break the fourth wall. Breaking the fourth wall is an part of the ending of Alejandro Jodorowskys 1973 film The Holy Mountain. More recent examples include the 2016 film Deadpool, in which it is used as a device between the main character and the audience. On television, breaking the wall is rare, though it has been done throughout the history of the medium. George Burns did it numerous times on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show he starred in with his real-life wife Gracie Allen from 1950 to 1958. Its Garry Shandlings Show and Mrs. Browns Boys both have their title character walking between sets mid-scene, and the latter occasionally shows characters retaking fluffed lines. Another television character who breaks the fourth wall is Francis Urquhart in the British TV drama series House of Cards, To Play the King
7.
Evita (musical)
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Evita is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. It concentrates on the life of Argentine political leader Eva Perón, the story follows Evitas early life, rise to power, charity work, and eventual death. The musical began as a rock concept album released in 1976. This has been followed by a string of tours and worldwide productions and numerous cast albums, as well as a major 1996 film of the musical starring Madonna. The musical was revived in London in 2006, and on Broadway in 2012, in 1972, Robert Stigwood proposed that Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice develop a new musical version of Peter Pan, but they abandoned the project. Travelling late to a one night in 1973, though. As a child stamp collector, he had been fascinated by her image on the Argentine stamps, but was unaware of her significance in Argentinas history. The executive also arranged for Rice to see the film at Thames Television which he did at least twenty times saying also that by that time I had seen Pasinis superbly researched film, after Jeeves, Lloyd Webber returned to Rice, and they began developing Rices proposed musical. The authors of the 1996 book Evita, The Real Life of Eva Perón claim the musical was based on Mary Mains biography The Woman with the Whip, though Rice praised the Main biography, it was never officially credited as source material. Rice created a character, Che, to serve as a narrator, when Harold Prince later became involved with the project, he insisted that the actors portraying Che should use Guevara as a role model. In the 1996 film adaptation, the returned to his more anonymous roots. This was also the case for the 2006 London revival, Lloyd Webber and the conductor Anthony Bowles presented the musical at the second Sydmonton Festival before making the recording with the London Philharmonic Orchestra. The recording, which was released by MCA Records who had previously marketed Jesus Christ Superstar, commenced in April 1976 and was produced by Lloyd Webber, the recording was engineered by David Hamilton Smith, whose work Rice later acknowledged was effectively that of a third producer. He also delivered the line, Statesmanship is more than entertaining peasants, released in 1976, the two-record set included Paul Jones as Juan Perón, Colm Wilkinson as Che, Barbara Dickson as Peróns mistress, and Tony Christie as Agustín Magaldi. The writers had originally considered Steve Marriott and John Fogerty but neither was interested, murray Head, who had enormous success with the Superstar album, recorded some demos but Rice later admitted they didnt really reproduce the magic that his portrayal of Judas had. Colm Wilkinson had recently played Judas in the London production of Superstar and agreed to audition, mike dAbo, who had succeeded Paul Jones as lead singer of Manfred Mann, had a minor role on the album which was notable as the first one which both had appeared. Mike Smith, former lead vocalist with the Dave Clark Five and dAbos then working partner, Pasini wrote the dialogue in Spanish of the first scene, A Cinema in Buenos Aires,26 July 1952. On this recording, he played the part of the actor in the soundtrack of a movie that grinds to a halt, when the album was presented to the press at Lloyd Webbers country home Sydmonton, Pasini organised a photographic presentation with his colleague Anton Furst to accompany it
8.
John Bunyan
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John Bunyan was an English writer and Puritan preacher best remembered as the author of the Christian allegory The Pilgrims Progress. In addition to The Pilgrims Progress, Bunyan wrote nearly sixty titles, Bunyan came from the village of Elstow, near Bedford. He had some schooling and at the age of sixteen joined the Parliamentary army during the first stage of the English Civil War, after three years in the army he returned to Elstow and took up the trade of tinker, which he had learned from his father. He became interested in religion after his marriage, attending first the church and then joining the Bedford Meeting, a nonconformist group in Bedford. After the restoration of the monarch, when the freedom of nonconformists was curtailed, Bunyan was arrested, Bunyans later years, in spite of another shorter term of imprisonment, were spent in relative comfort as a popular author and preacher, and pastor of the Bedford Meeting. He died aged 59 after falling ill on a journey to London and is buried in Bunhill Fields, the Pilgrims Progress became one of the most published books in the English language,1,300 editions having been printed by 1938,250 years after the authors death. He is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 30 August, Some other churches of the Anglican Communion, such as the Anglican Church of Australia, honour him on the day of his death. John Bunyan was born in 1628 to Thomas and Margaret Bunyan at Bunyans End in the parish of Elstow, Bunyans End is located about halfway between the hamlet of Harrowden and Elstow High Street. Bunyans date of birth is not known, but he was baptised on 30 November 1628, the name Bunyan was spelt in many different ways and had its origins in the Norman-French name Buignon. There had been Bunyans in north Bedfordshire since at least 1199, Bunyans father was a brazier or tinker who travelled around the area mending pots and pans, and his grandfather had been a chapman or small trader. As a child Bunyan learned his fathers trade of tinker and was given some rudimentary schooling, in the summer of 1644 Bunyan lost both his mother and his sister Margaret. That autumn, shortly before or after his birthday, Bunyan enlisted in the Parliamentary army when an edict demanded 225 recruits from the town of Bedford. There are few details available about his service, which took place during the first stage of the English Civil War. A muster roll for the garrison of Newport Pagnell shows him as private John Bunnian, Bunyan spent nearly three years in the army, leaving in 1647 to return to Elstow and his trade as a tinker. His father had remarried and had children and Bunyan moved from Bunyans End to a cottage in Elstow High Street. Within two years of leaving the army, Bunyan married and he also recalled that, apart from these two books, the newly-weds possessed little, not having so much household-stuff as a Dish or a Spoon betwixt us both. The couples first daughter, Mary, was born in 1650 and they would have three more children, Elizabeth, Thomas and John. By his own account, Bunyan had as a youth enjoyed bell-ringing, dancing and playing games including on Sunday, thought by many to be the Sabbath, one Sunday the vicar of Elstow preached a sermon against Sabbath breaking, and Bunyan took this sermon to heart
9.
The Pilgrim's Progress
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The Pilgrims Progress from This World, to That Which Is to Come is a 1678 Christian allegory written by John Bunyan. It is regarded as one of the most significant works of religious English literature, has translated into more than 200 languages. It has also cited as the first novel written in English. The English text comprises 108,260 words and is divided into two parts, each reading as a narrative with no chapter divisions. The first part was completed in 1677 and entered into the Stationers Register on 22 December 1677 and it was licensed and entered in the Term Catalogue on 18 February 1678, which is looked upon as the date of first publication. After the first edition of the first part in 1678, an expanded edition, the Second Part appeared in 1684. The entire book is presented as a dream sequence narrated by an omniscient narrator, the allegorys protagonist, Christian, is an everyman character, and the plot centres on his journey from his hometown, the City of Destruction, to the Celestial City atop Mount Zion. Christian is weighed down by a great knowledge of his sin—which he believed came from his reading the book in his hand. This burden, which would cause him to sink into Hell, is so unbearable that Christian must seek deliverance and he meets Evangelist as he is walking out in the fields, who directs him to the Wicket Gate for deliverance. Since Christian cannot see the Wicket Gate in the distance, Evangelist directs him to go to a shining light, Christian leaves his home, his wife, and children to save himself, he cannot persuade them to accompany him. Obstinate and Pliable go after Christian to bring him back, obstinate returns disgusted, but Pliable is persuaded to go with Christian, hoping to take advantage of the Paradise that Christian claims lies at the end of his journey. It is there in that bog where Pliable abandons Christian after getting himself out, Evangelist meets the wayward Christian as he stops before Mount Sinai on the way to Mr. Legalitys home. It hangs over the road and threatens to crush any who would pass it, in the Second Part, Goodwill is shown to be Jesus himself. To Christians query about relief from his burden, Goodwill directs him forward to the place of deliverance, Christian makes his way from there to the House of the Interpreter, where he is shown pictures and tableaux that portray or dramatize aspects of the Christian faith and life. From the House of the Interpreter, Christian finally reaches the place of deliverance, where the straps that bound Christians burden to him break and this event happens relatively early in the narrative, the immediate need of Christian at the beginning of the story being quickly remedied. After Christian is relieved of his burden, he is greeted by three angels, who give him the greeting of peace, new garments, and a scroll as a passport into the Celestial City. Encouraged by all this, Christian happily continues his journey until he comes upon three men named Simple, Sloth, and Presumption, Christian tries to help them, but they disregard his advice. Christian falls asleep at the arbor above the hill and loses his scroll, forcing him to go back, near the top of the Hill of Difficulty, he meets two weak pilgrims named Mistrust and Timorous who tell him of the great lions of the Palace Beautiful
10.
A Man for All Seasons
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A Man For All Seasons is a play by Robert Bolt. It was first performed in London opening at the Globe Theatre on 1 July 1960 and it later found its way to Broadway, enjoying a critically and commercially successful run of over a year. It has had several revivals, and was made into a multi-Academy Award-winning 1966 feature film. The play portrays More as a man of principle, envied by rivals such as Thomas Cromwell and loved by the common people, the title reflects 20th century agnostic playwright Robert Bolt’s portrayal of More as the ultimate man of conscience. As one who remains true to himself and his beliefs while adapting to all circumstances and times, despite external pressure or influence, More represents a man for all seasons. Bolt borrowed the title from Robert Whittington, a contemporary of More, for where is the man of that gentleness, lowliness and affability. And, as time requireth, a man of marvelous mirth and pastimes, a Man for All Seasons struggles with ideas of identity and conscience. More argues repeatedly that a person is defined by his conscience and his own position is depicted as almost indefensible, the Pope is described as a bad and corrupt individual, forced by the Emperor Charles V to act according to his will. But as More says to Norfolk, What matters is not that its true, but that I believe it, or no, not that I believe it, but that I believe it. More fears that if he breaks with his conscience, he will be damned to hell, while his associates and friends are more concerned with holding onto their own temporal power. At another key point of the play, More testifies before a committee and Norfolk attempts to persuade him to sign the Succession to the Crown Act 1534, Norfolk, Oh. Im not a scholar, as Master Cromwell never tires of pointing out, but damn it, Thomas, look at those names. Cant you do what I did, and come with us, for fellowship. More, And when we stand before God, and you are sent to Paradise for doing according to your conscience, Mores persecution is made to seem even more unjust by the inclusion of Eustace Chapuys, the long-time Imperial ambassador to England, into the story. Instead, More informs Norfolk of the plot, showing him to be patriotic, Bolt also establishes an anti-authoritarian theme which recurs throughout his works. All people in positions of power – King Henry, Cromwell, Wolsey, Cranmer, Chapuys, even Norfolk – are depicted as being corrupt, evil, or at best expedient. Bolts later plays and film screenplays also delve into this theme, although it is the law that eventually forces Mores execution, the play also makes several powerful statements in support of the rule of law. At one point Mores future son-in-law, Roper, urges him to arrest Richard Rich, More answers that Rich has broken no law, And go he should if he were the Devil himself until he broke the law
11.
Chuck Palahniuk
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Charles Michael Chuck Palahniuk is an American novelist and freelance journalist, who describes his work as transgressional fiction. He is the author of the award-winning novel Fight Club, which also was made into a film of the same name. Palahniuk was born in Pasco, Washington, the son of Carol Adele and he has French, Russian, and Ukrainian ancestry. His paternal grandfather was Ukrainian and migrated to New York from Canada in 1907, Palahniuk grew up living in a mobile home in Burbank, Washington. His parents separated when he was 14 and subsequently divorced, often leaving him, Palahniuk acknowledged in a 2007 interview that he is a distant nephew of actor Jack Palance, and that his family had talked of distant relations with Palance. In his 20s, Palahniuk attended the University of Oregon School of Journalism, while attending college, he worked as an intern for National Public Radio member station KLCC in Eugene, Oregon. He moved to Portland, Oregon soon after and he wrote for the local newspaper for a short while, and then began working for Freightliner as a diesel mechanic, continuing until his writing career took off. During that time, he wrote manuals on fixing trucks and had a stint as a journalist, after casually attending a seminar held by an organization called Landmark Education, Palahniuk quit his job as a journalist in 1988. He performed volunteer work for a shelter and volunteered at a hospice as an escort, providing transportation for terminally ill people. He ceased volunteering upon the death of a patient to whom he had grown attached, Palahniuk began writing fiction in his mid-30s. By his account, he started writing while attending workshops for writers that were hosted by Tom Spanbauer, Spanbauer largely inspired Palahniuks minimalistic writing style. When he attempted to publish his novel, Invisible Monsters, publishers rejected it and this led him to work on his most famous novel, Fight Club, which he wrote as an attempt to disturb the publisher even more for rejecting him. Palahniuk wrote this story in his time while working for Freightliner. While the original edition of the book received positive reviews and some awards. Initially, Palahniuk struggled to find an agent and went without one until after the publication of Fight Club. In 1999, three years after the publication, the film adaptation by director David Fincher was released. The film was a box office disappointment and critical reaction was mixed, three editions of the novel have been published in paperback, in 1999, in 2004, and in 2005. Palahniuk was cajoled to continue Fight Club in comics form by fellow novelist Chelsea Cain and comic writers Brian Michael Bendis, Matt Fraction and Kelly Sue DeConnick
12.
Fight Club (novel)
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Fight Club is a 1996 novel by Chuck Palahniuk. It follows the experiences of an unnamed protagonist struggling with insomnia, inspired by his doctors exasperated remark that insomnia is not suffering, the protagonist finds relief by impersonating a seriously ill person in several support groups. Then he meets a man named Tyler Durden and establishes an underground fighting club as radical psychotherapy. In 1999, director David Fincher adapted the novel into a film of the name, starring Brad Pitt. The film acquired a following despite lower than expected box-office results. The films prominence heightened the profile of the novel and that of Palahniuk, the sequel Fight Club 2 was released in comic book form in May 2015. Fight Club centers on an anonymous narrator, who works as a product recall specialist for a car company. Because of the stress of his job and the jet lag brought upon by frequent business trips, when he seeks treatment, his doctor advises him to visit a support group for testicular cancer victims to see what real suffering is like. He finds that sharing the problems of not having testicular cancer himself—alleviates his insomnia. The narrators unique treatment works until he meets Marla Singer, another tourist who visits the group under false pretenses. The possibly disturbed Marla reminds the narrator that he is a faker who does not belong there and he begins to hate Marla for keeping him from crying, and, therefore, from sleeping. After a confrontation, the two agree to attend separate support group meetings to avoid each other, the truce is uneasy, and the narrators insomnia returns. While on a beach, the narrator meets Tyler Durden. After an explosion destroys the narrators condominium, he asks to stay at Tylers house, Tyler agrees, but asks for something in return, I want you to hit me as hard as you can. Both men find that they enjoy the ensuing fistfight, Marla, noticing that the narrator has not recently attended his support groups, calls him to claim that she has overdosed on Xanax in a half-hearted suicide attempt. Tyler returns from work, picks up the phone to Marlas drug-induced rambling, Tyler and Marla embark on an uneasy affair that confounds the narrator and confuses Marla. Throughout this affair, Marla is unaware both of fight clubs existence and the interaction between Tyler and the narrator, because Tyler and Marla are never seen at the same time, the narrator wonders whether Tyler and Marla are the same person. As fight club attains a nationwide presence, Tyler uses it to spread his anti-consumerist ideas and he eventually gathers the most devoted fight club members and forms Project Mayhem, a cult-like organization that trains itself as an army to bring down modern civilization
13.
Fight Club
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Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. The film was directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, referred to as the narrator, who is discontented with his white-collar job. He forms a club with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt. The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a woman, Marla Singer. Palahniuks novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin, Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered, and was selected because of his enthusiasm for the film. Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast, the director and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause and The Graduate. They said its theme was the conflict between a generation of people and the value system of advertising. The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuks novel to make audiences uncomfortable, studio executives did not like the film and restructured Finchers intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses. It was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999, the film later found critical and commercial success with its DVD release, which established Fight Club as a cult film. The unnamed Narrator is a traveling automobile recall specialist who suffers from insomnia, the group assumes that he, too, is affected like they are, and he spontaneously weeps into the nurturing arms of another man, finding a freedom from the catharsis that relieves his insomnia. He decides to participate in groups of various kinds, always allowing the groups to assume that he suffers what they do. However, he begins to notice another impostor, Marla Singer, whose presence reminds him that he is attending these groups dishonestly, the two negotiate to avoid their attending the same groups, but, before going their separate ways, Marla gives him her phone number. On a flight home from a trip, the Narrator meets Tyler Durden. After the flight, the Narrator returns home to find that his apartment has been destroyed by an explosion, with no one else to contact, he calls Tyler, and they meet at a bar. After a conversation about consumerism, outside the bar, Tyler chastises the Narrator for his timidity about needing a place to stay, Tyler requests that the Narrator hit him, which leads the two to engage in a fistfight. The Narrator moves into Tylers home, a dilapidated house in an industrial area of their city. They have further fights outside the bar on subsequent nights, the fighting eventually moves to the bars basement where the men form a club which routinely meets only to provide an opportunity for the men to fight recreationally. Marla overdoses on pills and telephones the Narrator for help, he ignores her, leaving his phone receiver
14.
Leopold Bloom
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Leopold Bloom is the fictional protagonist and hero of James Joyces Ulysses. His peregrinations and encounters in Dublin on 16 June 1904 mirror, on a mundane and intimate scale. The character was inspired by James Joyces close friend Aron Ettore Schmitz, Bloom is introduced to the reader as a man of appetites, Mr Leopold Bloom ate with relish the inner organs of beasts and fowls. He liked thick giblet soup, nutty gizzards, a stuffed roast heart, liverslices fried with crustcrumbs, most of all he liked grilled mutton kidneys which gave to his palate a fine tang of faintly scented urine. The Bloom character, born in 1866, is the son of Rudolf Virág, and of Ellen Higgins. They lived in Clanbrassil Street, Portobello, Bloom converted to Catholicism to marry Marion Tweedy on 8 October 1888. The couple have one daughter, Millicent, born in 1889, their son Rudolph, born in December 1893, the family live at 7 Eccles Street in Dublin. Episodes in Ulysses relate a series of encounters and incidents in Blooms contemporary odyssey through Dublin in the course of the day of 16 June 1904. Joyce aficionados celebrate 16 June as Bloomsday, as the day unfolds, Blooms thoughts turn to the affair between Molly and her manager, Hugh Blazes Boylan, and, prompted by the funeral of his friend Paddy Dignam, the death of his child, Rudy. The reader becomes familiar with Blooms tolerant, humanistic outlook, his penchant for voyeurism, Bloom detests violence, and his relative indifference to Irish nationalism leads to disputes with some of his peers. Writer-director Mel Brooks used the name Leo Bloom for the accountant in his film/musical The Producers. Leo is an accountant, prone to panic attacks, who keeps a security blanket to calm himself. Nevertheless it is Leo who has the idea of how to make money from a failed play, in the 2005 film, after realizing his inner potential, Leo loudly asks Whens it gonna be Blooms Day. Hidden in the background of the office of Max Bialystock is a calendar marked for June 16th, former Pink Floyd bandmate Roger Waters references Leopold Bloom in his song Flickering Flame as sitting with Molly Malone. Grace Slicks song Rejoyce, from the album After Bathing at Baxters concerns the novel Ulysses, Leo Bloom King is the protagonist and narrator of Pat Conroys 2009 novel South of Broad. His mother is a fan of Joyce. The Greatest Jew of all, James Joyce, Leopold Bloom, jeff McClung, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.2 No.2. IV Calypso visualisation of Bloom in his first appearance in Ulysses John Henry Raleigh, the Chronicle of Leopold and Molly Bloom, Ullysses as narrative
15.
James Joyce
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James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde and is regarded as one of the most influential, other well-known works are the short-story collection Dubliners, and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Finnegans Wake. His other writings include three books of poetry, a play, occasional journalism and his published letters, Joyce was born in 41 Brighton Square, Rathgar, Dublin—about half a mile from his mothers birthplace in Terenure—into a middle-class family on the way down. He went on to attend University College Dublin, in 1904, in his early twenties, Joyce emigrated permanently to continental Europe with his partner Nora Barnacle. They lived in Trieste, Paris and Zurich, Ulysses in particular is set with precision in the streets and alleyways of the city. In the particular is contained the universal, James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on 2 February 1882 to John Stanislaus Joyce and Mary Jane May Murray, in the Dublin suburb of Rathgar. He was baptised according to the Rites of the Catholic Church in the nearby St Josephs Church in Terenure on 5 February by Rev. John OMulloy and his godparents were Philip and Ellen McCann. He was the eldest of ten surviving children, two of his siblings died of typhoid and his fathers family, originally from Fermoy in County Cork, had once owned a small salt and lime works. Joyces father and paternal grandfather both married into families, though the familys purported ancestor, Seán Mór Seoighe was a stonemason from Connemara. In 1887, his father was appointed rate collector by Dublin Corporation, around this time Joyce was attacked by a dog, which engendered in him a lifelong cynophobia. He also suffered from astraphobia, as an aunt had described thunderstorms to him as a sign of Gods wrath. In 1891 Joyce wrote a poem on the death of Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish Party had dropped Parnell from leadership. But the Vaticans role in allying with the British Conservative Party to prevent Home Rule left an impression on the young Joyce. The elder Joyce had the printed and even sent a part to the Vatican Library. In November of that year, John Joyce was entered in Stubbs Gazette. In 1893, John Joyce was dismissed with a pension, beginning the familys slide into poverty caused mainly by his drinking and general financial mismanagement. Joyce had begun his education at Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit boarding school near Clane, County Kildare and this came about because of a chance meeting his father had with a Jesuit priest who knew the family and Joyce was given a reduction in fees to attend Belvedere. In 1895, Joyce, now aged 13, was elected to join the Sodality of Our Lady by his peers at Belvedere, the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas continued to have a strong influence on him for most of his life
16.
Ulysses (novel)
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Ulysses is a modernist novel by Irish writer James Joyce. It is considered to be one of the most important works of modernist literature, according to Declan Kiberd, Before Joyce, no writer of fiction had so foregrounded the process of thinking. Ulysses chronicles the peripatetic appointments and encounters of Leopold Bloom in Dublin in the course of a day,16 June 1904. The novel imitates registers of centuries of English literature and is highly allusive, Ulysses is approximately 265,000 words in length and is divided into eighteen episodes. Since publication, the book has attracted controversy and scrutiny, ranging from early obscenity trials to protracted textual Joyce Wars, Joyce fans worldwide now celebrate 16 June as Bloomsday. Joyce first encountered the figure of Odysseus/Ulysses in Charles Lambs Adventures of Ulysses—an adaptation of the Odyssey for children, at school he wrote an essay on the character, entitled My Favourite Hero. Joyce told Frank Budgen that he considered Ulysses the only character in literature. Leopold Blooms home at 7 Eccles Street - Episode 4, Calypso, Episode 17, Ithaca, sweny’s pharmacy, Lombard Street, Lincoln Place. Episode 15, Circe Cabman’s shelter, Butt Bridge, - Episode 16, Eumaeus The action of the novel takes place from one side of Dublin Bay to the other, opening in Sandycove to the South of the city and closing on Howth Head to the North. Joyce divided Ulysses into 18 episodes, every episode of Ulysses has a theme, technique and correspondence between its characters and those of the Odyssey. The original text did not include these episode titles and the correspondences, instead, they originate from the Linati, Joyce referred to the episodes by their Homeric titles in his letters. It is 8 a. m. Buck Mulligan, a medical student. The three men eat breakfast and walk to the shore, where Mulligan demands from Stephen the key to the tower, departing, Stephen declares that he will not return to the tower tonight, as Mulligan, the usurper, has taken it over. Stephen is teaching a class on the victories of Pyrrhus of Epirus. After class, one student, Cyril Sargent, stays behind so that Stephen can show him how to do a set of arithmetic exercises, Stephen looks at the ugly face of Sargent and tries to imagine Sargents mothers love for him. Stephen then visits school headmaster Garrett Deasy, from whom he collects his pay, the two discuss Irish history and the role of Jews in the economy. As Stephen leaves, Deasy said that Ireland has never persecuted the Jews because the country never let them in. This episode is the source of some of the novels most famous lines, such as Dedaluss claim that history is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake and that God is a shout in the street
17.
Arthur Dent
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Arthur Philip Dent is a fictional character and the hapless protagonist of the comic science fiction series The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams. In the radio, LP and television versions of the story, in Ken Campbells stage production from 1979, Chris Langham took the part. In the film he is played by Martin Freeman, in The Illustrated Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, he is portrayed by Jonathan Lermit. Along with Ford Prefect, Dent barely escapes the Earths destruction as it is demolished to make way for a hyperspace bypass, Arthur spends the next several years, still wearing his dressing gown, helplessly launched from crisis to crisis while trying to straighten out his lifestyle. He rather enjoys tea, but seems to have trouble obtaining it in the far reaches of the galaxy, in time, he learns how to fly and carves a niche for himself as a sandwich-maker. In most versions of the series, Arthur and Ford eventually find themselves back on Earth –, the Golgafrincham arrival spurs the extinction of the native cavemen, resulting in the human races eventual replacement by a shipload of middle managers, telephone sanitisers and hairdressers. Having escaped the destruction of Earth once more and survived further adventures, here he falls in love with a woman named Fenchurch and seems set to live happily ever after — at least until the following — and final — novel, Mostly Harmless. However it is hinted that Arthur, his friends. In the Quintessential Phase of the series, there are multiple alternative endings after the final destruction of all possible Earths. They are teleported to Milliways where they meet up with Zaphod, marvin has been rebuilt as his warranty has yet to expire and is parking cars at Milliways again. Finally, they meet up with Fenchurch again who was teleported to Milliways after we last saw her in the Quandary Phase and has working as waitress there. They all settle in together, leaving the series on an upbeat note, one actually briefly appears in the book, wearing Arthurs traditional dressing gown and slippers, and is destroyed with the rest of Earth by the Grebulons. Ford almost sees him, but searches for a drink and misses him being vaporized, Arthur dies in the fifth installment of the book series, Mostly Harmless, in a club called Beta when the Earth and all its duplicates are seemingly destroyed by the Grebulons. Adams frequently expressed his disdain for this ending in retrospect, claiming that it was too depressing, in the radio series, Arthur is saved by the Babel Fish, which can teleport itself, along with its carrier, out of danger. Arthur and the others who died in the books are instead teleported by their Babel Fish to somewhere safer than Sector ZZ9 Plural Z Alpha and this is also used in Trillians dream sequence, as the reason for their escape. Written by Eoin Colfer, Arthur was put into a dream sequence, the Guides batteries soon run out, however, so all the main characters are re-awakened on the exploding Earth, at the exact point where Mostly Harmless left off. Zaphod then rescues them in the Heart of Gold, all alternative Arthurs are killed though, and Arthur is later left stranded on a beach planet about to be destroyed by Vogons. Asteroid 18610 Arthurdent Quintessential Phase BBCis page on Arthur Dent The SadGeezers Guide to The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, Arthur Dent
18.
Douglas Adams
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Douglas Noel Adams was an English author, scriptwriter, essayist, humorist, satirist and dramatist. Adamss contribution to UK radio is commemorated in The Radio Academys Hall of Fame, a posthumous collection of his works, including an unfinished novel, was published as The Salmon of Doubt in 2002. Adams was known as an advocate for environmentalism and conservation, as a lover of fast cars, cameras, technological innovation and the Apple Macintosh, Adams was born on 11 March 1952 to Janet and Christopher Douglas Adams in Cambridge, England. The following year in 1953, Watson and Crick famously first modelled DNA at Cambridge University, the family moved to East London a few months after his birth, where his sister, Susan, was born three years later. His parents divorced in 1957, Douglas, Susan, and their mother moved to an RSPCA animal shelter in Brentwood, Essex, Adams attended Primrose Hill Primary School in Brentwood. At nine, he passed the exam for Brentwood School, an independent school whose alumni include Robin Day, Jack Straw, Noel Edmonds. Griff Rhys Jones was a year below him, and he was in the class as Stuckist artist Charles Thomson. He attended the school from 1959 to 1964, then the main school until December 1970. Adams was six feet tall by age 12 and stopped growing at 6 ft 5 in and his form master, Frank Halford, said of him, Hundreds of boys have passed through the school but Douglas Adams really stood out from the crowd — literally. He was unnecessarily tall and in his short trousers he looked a trifle self-conscious, the form-master wouldnt say Meet under the clock tower, or Meet under the war memorial, he joked, but Meet under Adams. Yet it was his ability to write stories that really made him shine. He became the student ever to be awarded a ten out of ten by Halford for creative writing, something he remembered for the rest of his life. He also designed the cover of one issue of the Broadsheet, and had a letter and short story published nationally in The Eagle, in it, Adams rhymes futile with mute, while and exhausted with of course did. On the strength of an essay on religious poetry that discussed the Beatles and William Blake, he was awarded an Exhibition in English at St Johns College, Cambridge. He wanted to join the Footlights, an invitation-only student comedy club that has acted as a hothouse for comic talent, despite doing very little work—he recalled having completed three essays in three years—he graduated in 1974 with a B. A. in English literature. After leaving university Adams moved back to London, determined to break into TV, an edited version of the Footlights Revue appeared on BBC2 television in 1974. A version of the Revue performed live in Londons West End led to Adams being discovered by Monty Pythons Graham Chapman, the two formed a brief writing partnership, earning Adams a writing credit in episode 45 of Monty Python for a sketch called Patient Abuse. He is one of two people outside the original Python members to get a writing credit
19.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
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The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. The broad narrative follows the misadventures of the last surviving man, Arthur Dent, certain narrative details were changed between the various adaptations. The various versions follow the basic plot but they are in many places mutually contradictory. The first radio series comes from a proposal called The Ends of the Earth, six self-contained episodes, all ending with Earths being destroyed in a different way. While writing the first episode, Adams realized that he needed someone on the planet who was an alien to provide context. Adams finally settled on making the alien a roving researcher for a remarkable book named The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. As the first radio episodes writing progressed, the Guide became the centre of his story, however, he later claimed that he had told this story so many times that he had forgotten the incident itself, and only remembered himself telling the story. His friends are quoted as saying that Adams mentioned the idea of hitch-hiking around the galaxy to them while on holiday in Greece in 1973. Adamss fictional Guide is a guidebook to the entire universe, originally published by Megadodo Publications. The narrative of the versions of the story are frequently punctuated with excerpts from the Guide. The voice of the Guide, also provides general narration, the first radio series of six episodes was broadcast in 1978 on BBC Radio 4. Despite a low-key launch of the series, it received good reviews. A one-off episode was broadcast later in the year and this episode was released as part of the second radio series and, later, The Secondary Phase on cassettes and CDs. The Primary and Secondary Phases were aired, in an edited version. The first series was repeated twice in 1978 alone and many times in the next few years. This led to an LP re-recording, produced independently of the BBC for sale, a second radio series, which consisted of a further six episodes, and bringing the total number of episodes to 12, was broadcast in 1980. The radio series greatly benefited from the narration of noted comedy actor Peter Jones as The Book and he was cast after it was decided that a Peter Jonesy sort of voice was required. The series was notable for its use of sound, being the first comedy series to be produced in stereo
20.
Rick Grimes
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Rick Grimes is a fictional character and the protagonist in the comic book series The Walking Dead and in the television series of the same name, portrayed by Andrew Lincoln. Created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore, the made his debut in The Walking Dead #1 in 2003. Rick Grimes is a small town sheriffs deputy who shares a son, Carl Grimes and he awakens from a coma after a life threatening gun shot wound, to find the world overrun with zombies, and a fight for survival ensues. In the comic series, Rick remains the longest-living survivor, followed closely behind by his son, Andrea, the orphan Sophia. In both media, Rick awakens from a coma into the apocalypse and searches for Lori and Carl and finds them in the Atlanta camp with his best friend, Shane, and becomes the groups leader. Although Rick quickly adapts to the notion of killing walkers, he retains his morality, Ricks morality is constantly tested to protect his family and friends. Over time, he becomes colder and more brutal, which puts him at odds with other survivors who adopt the same mindset. As Rick desires to retain his sons innocence, his brutality is further tested by his own group when encountering non-group members who the group believe should join them. Rick manages to regain his morality when staying at communities, and is able to be a once more. Rick Grimes has been described as a character who emphasizes moral codes and values. Lincoln obtained the role in April 2010, Kirkman felt he was an amazing find, in preparation for the role, Lincoln sought inspiration from Gary Cooper in his work in the American western film High Noon, as well as the television drama series Breaking Bad. Lincoln has been well-received for his portrayal of the character, and has been nominated for several awards, before the zombie apocalypse, Rick was a police officer in the small town of Cynthiana, Kentucky. While in a shootout against an escaped convict with his partner and best friend, Shane Walsh, Rick is wounded and subsequently awakens from a coma some time later. After Duane Jones mistakes Rick for a zombie and hits him over the head with a shovel, Duanes father Morgan takes Rick in and informs him about what unfolded during his coma. In search of his wife, Lori, and son, Carl, Rick heads to Atlanta, Rick runs out of gas and stops at a farm. Rick finds the owners inside who have committed suicide, Rick throws up outside and searches their barn where he finds a horse. Upon arrival, Rick is rescued from a group of zombies by a fellow survivor named Glenn. Tension between Rick and Shane over leadership of the group and Loris affections boils over in a confrontation which ends with Carl shooting Shane to protect his father, afterwards, Rick leads the group away from Atlanta, trying to find shelter and safe haven from the undead
21.
The Walking Dead (comic book)
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The Walking Dead is an ongoing black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore. It focuses on Rick Grimes, a deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in the zombie apocalypse that placed Georgia under quarantine. He finds his wife and son, and meets other survivors, gradually taking on the role of leader among a group and later a community as Rick, first issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the comic is written by Kirkman with art by Moore and Charlie Adlard. Moore continued to do the covers through issue No.24, the Walking Dead received the 2007 and 2010 Eisner Award for Best Continuing Series at San Diego Comic-Con International. The series was adapted into the AMC television series The Walking Dead, the television program loosely follows the storyline of the comic book. The franchise has spawned multiple additional media properties, including video games, a companion television series, webisode series. The Walking Dead debuted in 2003, published by Image Comics, with art by Tony Moore for the first six issues, Charlie Adlard took over as artist on issue #7, after he was approached by Kirkman. Moore also did the art for the first twenty-four issues. The remainder were done by Adlard, when the television series premiered in October 2010, Image Comics announced The Walking Dead Weekly. The first 52 issues of the series began to be reprinted on January 5,2011, with one issue per week for a year. Volume 1, Days Gone Bye Rick Grimes, a deputy from Kentucky, is wounded in the line of duty. He returns home to find his house ransacked and his wife, Rick travels to a military evacuation zone in Atlanta to find his family, but finds Atlanta has also been overrun. He is rescued by Glenn Rhee, who takes him to his camp of survivors. Among them are Ricks wife Lori and his son Carl, following the attack, Shane Walsh, Ricks friend and former police partner, tries to murder Rick because hes become obsessed with Ricks wife Lori. Volume 2, Miles Behind Us Rick becomes the groups leader and he and the remaining survivors leave Atlanta and travel across hostile territory in search of a safer refuge. The group meets Tyreese, his daughter and her boyfriend, everyone takes shelter at Wiltshire Estates, a gated community, but are forced to leave when they stumble upon its zombie infestation. The group eventually finds shelter at a farm after Carl is shot. The farms owner, Hershel Greene and his family, are in denial about the nature and have been storing deceased loved ones
22.
Jim Halpert
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James Duncan Jim Halpert is a fictional character in the U. S. version of the television sitcom The Office, portrayed by John Krasinski. The character is based on Tim Canterbury from the version of The Office. The character is named after a friend of executive producer Greg Daniels. He is introduced as a representative at the Scranton branch of paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin. After Dunder Mifflin is bought by Sabre Corporation, Jim is very briefly the sole manager of the branch. Jim Halpert was born on October 1,1978, to Gerald and he has two brothers, Pete and Tom, who share his general love of pranks but have come across as unpleasant and somewhat bullying towards their little brother. Jims parents presumably live in Scranton as well, as his sister Larissa, while Pete and Tom have been seen on the show a few times, Larissa has not. He has a niece, Vanessa, and an old enough to play T-ball. In Branch Wars, while he is not specific on which brother he is referring to, Jim enjoys cycling, and, as he reveals in a deleted scene from Take Your Daughter to Work Day, at times, will babysit Toby Flendersons daughter, Sasha. He also lists soft-shell crab as his favorite food, Jim has noted that basketball Was kind of thing in high school. Although no high school is named by Jim, both Dunmore High School and West Scranton High School are referenced in separate episodes. In the Episode Dwights Speech, Jim tells Dwight that he majored in Public Speaking, however, Jim began working at Dunder Mifflin between 1998 and 1999. In several episodes, it is stated that Jim is a fan of the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Eagles, apparently, he is of Scottish descent, as in Niagara, his father can be seen wearing a kilt to his sons wedding to Pam. In the episode Weight Loss, it is revealed that his name for AIM is JIM9334. Despite their frequent conflicts, Jim and Dwight are also shown to be an extremely competent sales team in Traveling Salesmen and he and Pam share a 2009 Subaru Outback. Jim Halpert is first introduced in the Pilot and he is adamant throughout the series about his job as a salesman at Dunder Mifflin Paper being a temporary one, saying, This is work. If I advance any higher, this would be my career, and if this were my career, Id have to throw myself in front of a train. However, he succeeds professionally and is one of the best salesmen
23.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24,2005 to May 16,2013. It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name, the Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons. It is co-produced by Daniels Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions, the original executive producers were Greg Daniels, Howard Klein, Ben Silverman, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant, with numerous others being promoted in later seasons. The series depicts the lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania. To simulate the look of a documentary, it is filmed in a single-camera setup. The show debuted on NBC as a replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes. The Office initially featured Steve Carell, Rainn Wilson, John Krasinski, Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast, the first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews, but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics. These seasons were included on several critics year-end top TV series lists, winning awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards. While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, earlier writers oversaw the final season, Greg Daniels served as the senior series showrunner for the first four seasons of the series and developed the British series for American television. He then left the position when he co-created the comedy series Parks and Recreation with fellow Office writer Michael Schur, Paul Lieberstein and Jennifer Celotta were named the series showrunners for the fifth season. Celotta left the series after the season and Lieberstein stayed on as showrunner for the following two seasons. He left the spot after the eighth season for the potential Dwight Schrute spin-off, The Farm. Daniels returned to the position for the ninth and final season. Other executive producers include cast members B. J. Novak, Kaling, Novak, Daniels, Lieberstein and Schur made up the original team of writers. Kaling, Novak and Lieberstein also serve multiple roles on the series, as they play regular characters on the show, as well as write, direct, credited with twenty-four episodes, Kaling is the most prolific writer on the staff. Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, who created the original British series, are credited as producers, and wrote the pilot. Merchant later directed the episode Customer Survey while Gervais appeared in the episodes The Seminar, randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, before the series aired its second episode, the writers spent time researching in offices
24.
George Jetson
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George J. Jetson is a fictional character from the animated television series The Jetsons. He is the father of the Jetson family and he is the husband of Jane Jetson and the father of teenage daughter Judy and elementary school aged son Elroy. When George was a child, he had to fly through ten miles of asteroid storms to go to Orbit High School, George is now an employee at Spacelys Space Sprockets, a manufacturer of sprockets and other high tech equipment. His job title is digital index operator and his boss is Cosmo G. Spacely, noted for being short in both height and temper, Spacely usually treats his employees in a rather tyrannical fashion. Georges job primarily requires him to push a single button on a computer. In one of the episodes, George complained of his heavy work load- having to push a button for one hour, often, Mr. Spacely will fire George in a fit of anger, only to hire him back by the end of the same episode. Physically, George is a slim man of average height with short red hair. His personality is that of a well-meaning, caring father, OHanlon was well known for his roles as a common everyman and once said of his character, George Jetson is an average man. He has trouble with his boss, he has problems with his kids, the only difference is that he lives in the next century. Georges most famous catchphrase is Jane, seen at the end credits of the 1960s Jetsons episodes, but is also known for frequently uttering the phrase Hooba-dooba-dooba. or Hooba-Dooba to express wonder or astonishment. George OHanlon was the actor who did Georges voice in both the sixties and eighties versions of the cartoon series. OHanlon last did the voice for George Jetson in Jetsons, The Movie, in the Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law episode Back to the Present, George was voiced by Wally Wingert. In the episode, the Jetsons return to the past to sue the planet for causing global warming, George Jetson also appears at the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company and formerly Universal Studios Florida as a meetable character seen in 1996 video called Kids for Character. Jetson also appeared in a brief, silent cameo in an episode of Fantastic Max, George Jetson, along with his family, Rosie, and Mr. Spacely can be seen in a MetLife commercial in 2012. George Jetson appeared in a vintage 1960s Mister Softee commercial as a father, George also made a few cameo appearances on episodes of Family Guy, The Powerpuff Girls, and Dexters Laboratory
25.
The Jetsons
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It was Hanna-Barberas Space Age counterpart to The Flintstones. It debuted as the first program broadcast in color on ABC-TV, in contrast, The Flintstones, while always produced in color, was broadcast in black-and-white for its first two seasons. Following its primetime run, the show aired on Saturday mornings for decades, starting on ABC for the 1963–64 season and then on CBS, New episodes were produced for syndication from 1985 to 1987. No further specials or episodes of the show were produced after 1989 due to the deaths of stars George OHanlon and Mel Blanc. The 1990 film Jetsons, The Movie served as the finale to the television show until 27 years later. The Jetsons are a family residing in Orbit City, the citys architecture is rendered in the Googie style, and all homes and businesses are raised high above the ground on adjustable columns. Housekeeping is seen to by a maid, Rosie, which handles chores not otherwise rendered trivial by the homes numerous push-button Space Age-envisioned conveniences. The family has a dog named Astro, that like Scooby Doo talks with a consonant mutation in which every word begins with an R. George Jetsons workweek is typical of his era, an hour a day and his boss is Cosmo Spacely, the bombastic owner of Spacely Space Sprockets. Spacely has a competitor, Mr. Cogswell, owner of the rival company Cogswell Cogs, Jetson commutes to work in an aerocar that resembles a flying saucer with a transparent bubble top. Daily life is leisurely, assisted by numerous labor-saving devices, which break down with humorous results. Despite this, everyone complains of exhausting hard labor and difficulties living with the remaining inconveniences, George Jetson, age 40, is the main character and protagonist of the series. He is a family man who always seems to make the wrong decisions. He works at Spacelys Sprockets turning the Referential Universal Digital Indexer on and he is married to Jane and together they have two children, Judy and Elroy. Jane Jetson, claims age 33, but has a 40-year old husband, Jane is Georges wife, mother of their two children, and a homemaker. Jane is obsessed with fashion and new gadgetry and her favorite store is Mooning Dales. She is a wife who always tries to make life as pleasant as possible for her family. Outside of the home, she is a member of the Galaxy Women Historical Society and is a fan of Leonardo de Venus, Judy Jetson, age 16, is the elder child in the Jetson family
26.
Charlie Brown
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Charlie Brown is the central protagonist of the long-running comic strip Peanuts, syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a loser, Charlie Brown is one of the great American archetypes. Charlie Brown is characterized as a person who frequently suffers, and as a result is usually nervous, the characters creator, Charles M. Schulz, has said of the character that must be the one who suffers because he is a caricature of the average person. Most of us are more acquainted with losing than winning. Schulz has also said, I like to have Charlie Brown to be the point of almost every story. Lee Mendelson, producer of the majority of the Peanuts television specials, has said that He was, and is, Charlie Browns birth date is October 30. In the original Peanuts strips, his birth year is suggested to be 1946 according to a strip originally published Nov.3,1950. Initially Charlie Brown suggests he lives in an apartment with his grandmother occupying the one above his, a few years into the strip, he moves to a house with a back yard. His name was first used on May 30,1948, in an early Schulz comic strip called Lil Folks in which one boy has buried another in a sandbox and he made his official debut in the first Peanuts comic strip, on October 2,1950. The strip features Charlie Brown walking by, as two children named Shermy and Patty look at him. Shermy kept on praising him, but then reveals his hatred toward him on the last panel. During the strips early years, Charlie Brown was much more playful than he is known, as he often played pranks, on December 21 of the same year, his signature zig-zag T-shirt appeared, formerly, he only wore a plain one. On the March 6,1951, strip, Charlie Brown first appears to play baseball, as he was warming up before telling Shermy that they can start the game, however, he was the catcher, not yet the pitcher. An example is his relationship with Violet Gray, to whom he was introduced to on the February 7,1951, the two constantly remained on fairly good terms, a bit different from their now-known relationship. Charlie Brown often fed on Violets mud pies, on the August 16,1951, strip, she called Charlie Brown a blockhead, and that is the first time Charlie Brown was referred by that insult. Charlie Brown is introduced to Schroeder on May 30,1951, as Schroeder is still a baby, Charlie Brown cannot converse with him. Then on that years October 10, he told Schroeder the story of Beethoven, Charlie Brown placed the Beethoven bust on Schroeders piano on November 26,1951. Schroeder aged rapidly over time, catching up to Charlie Brown in age, Charlie Brown had Schroeder become his catcher for the first time on the April 12,1952, strip
27.
Peanuts
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Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz, which ran from October 2,1950, to February 13,2000, continuing in reruns afterward. The comic strip is the most popular and influential in the history of comic strips, with 17,897 strips published in all, making it arguably the longest story ever told by one human being. At its peak, Peanuts ran in over 2,600 newspapers, with a readership of 355 million in 75 countries and it helped to cement the four-panel gag strip as the standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. Reprints of the strip are still syndicated and run in almost every U. S. newspaper, the strip focuses entirely on a social circle of young children, where adults exist but are never seen or heard. The main character, Charlie Brown, is meek, nervous and he is unable to fly a kite, win a baseball game, or kick a football. Peanuts is one of the strips with philosophical, psychological. The strips humor is psychologically complex, and the characters interactions formed a tangle of relationships that drove the strip, the holiday specials remain popular and are currently broadcast on ABC in the U. S. during the corresponding seasons. The Peanuts franchise met acclaim in theatre, with the stage musical Youre a Good Man, Charlie Brown being a successful, in 2013, TV Guide ranked the Peanuts television specials the fourth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time. A computer-animated feature film based on the strip, The Peanuts Movie, was released on November 6,2015, Peanuts had its origin in Lil Folks, a weekly panel comic that appeared in Schulzs hometown paper, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, from 1947 to 1950. He first used the name Charlie Brown for a character there, the series also had a dog that looked much like the early 1950s version of Snoopy. In 1948, Schulz sold a cartoon to The Saturday Evening Post which published 17 single-panel cartoons by Schulz, the first of these was of a boy sitting with his feet on an ottoman. In 1948, Schulz tried to have Lil Folks syndicated through the Newspaper Enterprise Association, Schulz would have been an independent contractor for the syndicate, unheard of in the 1940s, but the deal fell through. Lil Folks was dropped in early 1950, later that year, Schulz approached the United Feature Syndicate - also operated by Scripps-Howard - with his best work from Lil Folks. When his work was picked up by United Feature Syndicate, they decided to run the new comic strip he had working on. This strip was similar in spirit to the comic, but it had a set cast of characters. The name Lil Folks was too close to the names of two comics of the time, Al Capps Lil Abner and a strip titled Little Folks. To avoid confusion, the settled on the name Peanuts. Peanuts was a title Schulz always disliked, in a 1987 interview, Schulz said of the title Peanuts, Its totally ridiculous, has no meaning, is simply confusing, and has no dignity—and I think my humor has dignity
28.
Stan Marsh
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Stanley Stan Marsh is a main character in the animated television series South Park. He is voiced by and loosely based on series co-creator Trey Parker, Stan is one of the shows four central characters, along with his friends Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick and Eric Cartman. Stan is a third, then fourth-grade student who commonly has extraordinary experiences not typical of conventional life in his fictional hometown of South Park. Stan is generally depicted as friendly, knowledgeable, helpful, and he often shares with his best friend Kyle a leadership role as the protagonist of the show. Stan is unreserved in expressing his distinct lack of esteem for adults and their influences, like the other South Park characters, Stan is animated by computer in a way to emulate the shows original method of cutout animation. He also appears in the feature film South Park, Bigger, Longer & Uncut, as well as South Park-related media. Stan lives in South Park at 2001 Bonanza Street with his parents Randy, Randy is a geologist, and Sharon is a secretary at a rhinoplasty clinic. Stan attends South Park Elementary as part of Mr. Garrisons fourth grade class, during the shows first 58 episodes, Stan and the other main child characters were in the third grade. His birthday is listed as October 19,2001 on his Facebook page during the season 14 episode You Have 0 Friends, Stan is frequently embarrassed and/or annoyed by his fathers antics and frequent acts of public drunkenness. Stans relationship as nephew to his uncle Jimbo received moderate attention in the shows first two seasons, Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. Stan and Kyle are best friends, and their relationship, which is intended to reflect the real-life friendship between Parker and Stone, is a common topic throughout the series, the two do have their disagreements, but always reconcile without any long-term damage to their friendship. As is the case with his friends and classmates, Stan is frequently at odds with Cartman, resenting Cartmans behavior. Stan also shares a friendship with Kenny, while Kenny professes that Stan is one of the best friends a guy could have. Stan can understand Kennys muffled voice perfectly, and typically exclaims the catchphrase Oh my God and they killed Kenny. following one of Kennys trademark deaths, allowing Kyle to follow up with You bastards. Stan is the character in the group to have had a steady girlfriend, Wendy Testaburger. As a running gag, a nervous Stan often vomits whenever Wendy approaches to kiss or speak to him, the character was composed of construction paper cutouts and animated through the use of stop motion. Santa, in which Stan also appeared, Stan next appeared on August 13,1997, when South Park debuted on Comedy Central with the episode Cartman Gets an Anal Probe. In the tradition of the animation style, Stan is composed of simple geometrical shapes
29.
South Park
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South Park is an American adult animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for the television network, Comedy Central. The show revolves around four boys—Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, Parker and Stone developed the show from The Spirit of Christmas, two consecutive animated shorts created in 1992 and 1995. The latter became one of the first Internet viral videos, ultimately leading to South Parks production and it debuted in August 1997 with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied but it remains one of Comedy Centrals highest rated shows, the pilot episode was produced using cutout animation, leading to all subsequent episodes produced with computer animation that emulated the technique ever since. Parker and Stone perform most of the acting for the shows male characters. Since 2000, each episode is written and produced during the week preceding its broadcast, with Parker serving as the primary writer. There have been a total of 277 episodes over the course of the shows 20 seasons, South Park has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and numerous inclusions in various publications lists of greatest television shows. In 2013, TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time, the show follows the exploits of four boys, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick. The boys live in the small town of South Park. Stan is portrayed as the everyman of the group, as the website describes him as an average. Kyle is the lone Jew among the group, and his portrayal in this role is often dealt satirically, Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker, Eric Cartman is loud, obnoxious, and amoral, often portrayed as an antagonist. His anti-Semitic attitude has resulted in a rivalry with Kyle. Kenny, who comes from a family, wears his parka hood so tightly that it covers most of his face. During the shows first five seasons, Kenny would die in every episode before returning in the next with little-to-none. He was written out of the sixth season in 2002. Since then, Kennys death has been used by the shows creators. During the shows first 58 episodes, the boys were in the third grade, in the season four episode 4th Grade, they entered the fourth grade, but have remained ever since
30.
Joe Martin (All My Children)
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Joe Martin is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime and The Online Network soap opera All My Children. Ray MacDonnell played the character from the shows inception on January 5,1970 and he reprised his role for three episodes in March 2011, and again for two episodes in September 2011 for the shows ABC finale. The character is the longest running character, the second being his former daughter-in-law Erica Kane. In 2005, MacDonnell received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Daytime Emmys, macDonnells 2010 retirement was brought on by the production of the show moving from New York to Los Angeles. The character of Joe along with his longtime wife Ruth leave town, MacDonnell reprised his role as Joe Martin on the Prospect Parks continuation of All My Children. Dr. Joe Martin, the head of one of the families in Pine Valley, was a widower raising two children, Jeff and Tara, when he met Ruth Brent, a nurse at the hospital where he worked. He fell hard for her but she married and had to resist his love, but Ruths alcoholic husband died in a car accident and Joe comforted her. The two fell in love and married in April 1972, the 1970s were a challenging time for the Martin marriage which was tested numerous times. Joes daughter Tara and Ruths son Phil married and had a marriage which also caused rifts between Joe and Ruth. In 1976, Ruth had an affair with a man named David Thorton. She accepted his proposal and made plans to divorce Joe but the night she was ask for her divorce Joe collapsed, Ruth reliezed her love for Joe was stronger than ever and broke it off with David. In 1978, the couple plans to adopt a boy of their own named Tad. Ray threatened and blackmailed the Martins and when Joe refused to give into his demands, Ruth was left in a coma and nearly dead. In 1979, the Martins had a child of their own. In 1981, the Martins briefly separated over his feelings for a patient he was treating, when Charles Tyler, Chief of Staff, died, Joe assumed his position. His history at Pine Valley Hospital has been nearly impeccable, except for a time when he was forced to step down by allegations made by conniving David Hayward. Joe has survived a tornado that almost took Tads life, had a heart attack brought on by a confrontation with Dimitri Marick. He is the patriarch of Pine Valley and the voice of reason
31.
All My Children
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Created by Agnes Nixon, All My Children is set in Pine Valley, Pennsylvania, a fictional suburb of Philadelphia, which is modeled on the actual Philadelphia suburb of Rosemont. The original series featured Susan Lucci as Erica Kane, one of daytimes most popular characters, the title of the series refers to the bonds of humanity. All My Children was the first new network daytime drama to debut in the 1970s, originally owned by Creative Horizons, Inc. the company created by Nixon and her husband, Bob, the show was sold to ABC in January 1975. The series started at a half-hour in per-installment length, then was expanded to an hour on April 25,1977. Earlier, the show had experimented with the format for one week starting on June 30,1975. From 1970 to 1990, All My Children was recorded at ABCs TV18 at 101 West 67th St, from March 1990 to December 2009, it was taped at ABCs Studio TV23 at 320 West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City, New York. In December 2009, the locale for taping the series moved from Manhattan to less costly Los Angeles, California. The show was produced in Stages 1 and 2 at the Andrita Studios in Los Angeles, California from 2010 to 2011. All My Children started taping in high definition on January 4,2010, All My Children became the third soap opera to be produced and broadcast in high definition. At one point, the programs popularity positioned it as the most widely recorded television show in the United States, also, in a departure from societal norms at the time, All My Children, in the mid-1970s, had an audience that was estimated to be 30% male. The show ranked No.1 in the daytime Nielsen ratings in the 1978–79 season, throughout most of the 1980s and into the early 1990s, All My Children was the No.2 daytime soap opera on the air. However, like the rest of the operas in the United States. By the 2010s, it had one of the least watched soap operas in daytime television. On April 14,2011, it was announced that ABC canceled All My Children after 41 years on the air due to low ratings. On July 7,2011, ABC sold the rights of All My Children to third-party production company Prospect Park with the show set to continue on the internet as a series of webisodes. The show taped its final scenes for ABC on August 30,2011, on September 26,2011, the following Monday, ABC replaced All My Children with a newly debuted talk show The Chew. Prospect Park had suspended its plan to revive the series on November 23,2011, due to lack of funding and unsuccessful negotiation with the organizations representing the actors. On January 7,2013, Prospect Park officially brought back its project to restore All My Children as a web series
32.
James Thurber
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James Grover Thurber was an American cartoonist, author, humorist, journalist, playwright, and celebrated wit. Thurber was best known for his cartoons and short stories, such as The Catbird Seat, published mainly in The New Yorker magazine, one of the most popular humorists of his time, Thurber celebrated the comic frustrations and eccentricities of ordinary people. In collaboration with his college friend Elliott Nugent, he wrote the Broadway comedy The Male Animal, later adapted into a film and his short story The Secret Life of Walter Mitty has been adapted for film twice, once in 1947 and once in 2013. Thurber was born in Columbus, Ohio, to Charles L. Thurber, both of his parents greatly influenced his work. Thurber described his mother as a comedian and one of the finest comic talents I think I have ever known. She was a joker and, on one occasion, pretended to be crippled and attended a faith healer revival, only to jump up. Thurber had two brothers, William and Robert, once, while playing a game of William Tell, his brother shot James in the eye with an arrow, and Thurber lost that eye. This injury would cause him to become almost entirely blind. Unable in his childhood to partake in sports and other activities because of his injury, from 1913 to 1918, Thurber attended Ohio State University, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. He never graduated from the university because his eyesight prevented him from taking a mandatory ROTC course. In 1995 he was awarded a degree. From 1918 to 1920, Thurber worked as a clerk for the Department of State, first in Washington, D. C. and then at the Embassy of the United States, Paris. On returning to Columbus, he began his career as a reporter for The Columbus Dispatch from 1921 to 1924. During part of time, he reviewed current books, films, and plays in a weekly column called Credos and Curios. Thurber returned to Paris during this period, where he wrote for the Chicago Tribune, in 1925, Thurber moved to Greenwich Village in New York City, getting a job as a reporter for the New York Evening Post. He joined the staff of The New Yorker in 1927 as an editor, White, his friend and fellow New Yorker contributor. Thurber contributed both his writings and his drawings to The New Yorker until the 1950s, in 1922, Thurber married Althea Adams. The marriage was troubled and ended in divorce in May 1935 and they had a daughter Rosemary together, and lived in Fairfield County, Connecticut
33.
Ted Mosby
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Theodore Evelyn Ted Mosby is a fictional character in the U. S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget. Ted is the character of the show. Born April 25,1978, he is from Shaker Heights, Ohio, a graduate of Wesleyan University, an Eagle Scout, after his best friend Marshall Eriksen gets engaged in the pilot episode, Ted decides to try to find his soulmate. This quest informs the general direction of the show, along with Teds relationship with the main characters Marshall Eriksen, Lily Aldrin, Robin Scherbatsky. Teds character is based largely on the creator, Carter Bays. His personality is also based on Ross Geller from the NBC sitcom Friends. His profession was changed to be an architect, due to the writers having difficulties fitting his profession as an archaeologist in a New York setting. In a similar vein, he dresses up as a hanging chad every year for Halloween, in the hopes of meeting The Slutty Pumpkin and he is seen cheering for the Cleveland Indians when they play the New York Yankees at a baseball game. He and Marshall were randomly assigned as freshman roommates at Wesleyan. In several episodes, Ted claims to have been vomit-free since 93, Ted knows French and sign language, and has an annoying habit of correcting everything that people around him say. As a child, he had a club called The Mosby Boys. Ted also speaks and reads Spanish, albeit clumsily, pablo Neruda is one of his favorite writers. He also has a fondness for high culture such as literature and philosophy. In the pilot episode, Ted meets Robin at MacLarens, the bar in which the main characters hang out and they go on a date, which Ted ruins by impulsively telling her he is in love with her. They decide to be friends, but they have lingering feelings for each other, eventually, Ted wins Robin over, and they start dating. They break up at the end of the season upon realizing that they want different things. They remain friends, and briefly become roommates in the fourth and seventh seasons, Ted never quite gets over Robin, however
34.
How I Met Your Mother
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How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19,2005 to March 31,2014. The series follows the character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son, the series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, who also served as the shows executive producers and were frequent writers. The series was inspired by their friendship when they both lived in New York City. Among the 208 episodes, there were four directors, Pamela Fryman, Rob Greenberg, Michael Shea. Known for its structure and eccentric humor, How I Met Your Mother has gained a cult following over the years. The show initially received positive reviews, while the later seasons received more mixed reviews, the show was nominated for 28 Emmy Awards, winning nine. In 2010, Alyson Hannigan won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress, in 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy, and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor. The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children, the lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The shows frame story depicts Ted verbally retelling the story to his son Luke, the show instead focuses on Teds prior relationships and his dissatisfaction with those women, thus setting the stage for his eventual happiness with Tracy. The two drew from their friendship in creating the characters, Ted is based loosely on Bays, and Marshall and Lily are based loosely on Thomas and his wife. Thomas wife Rebecca was initially reluctant to have a character based on her, Hannigan was looking to do more comedy work, and was available. The role of Barney was initially envisioned as a John Belushi-type character before Neil Patrick Harris won the role after being invited to an audition by the casting director Megan Branman. Pamela Fryman invited Bob Saget to be the narrator, Future Ted, explaining to him that the show would be like The Wonder Years. Saget either went to the studio and recorded the narration while watching the episode, or did so separately. He normally did not attend table readings, but did so for the last episode, in various interviews Bays and Thomas have stated that a pretty famous actress turned down the role of Robin, whom they revealed in February 2014 to have been Jennifer Love Hewitt. They then cast Cobie Smulders for the role who, at the time, was fairly unknown, Bays and Thomas later said, Thank God we did for a million reasons. When Teds seeing her for the first time, Americas seeing her for the first time — the intriguingness of that propelled the show going forward, according to an Entertainment Weekly article, the writers adopted facets of each main actors personality and incorporated them into their characters
35.
Winston Smith
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Winston Smith is a fictional character and the protagonist of George Orwells 1949 novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The character was employed by Orwell as an everyman in the setting of the novel and his name is usually taken to come from Winston Churchill and the common surname Smith. He was also inspired by the character of Rubashov from Arthur Koestlers novel Darkness at Noon, especially his response. NBC University Theater recording of 1984
36.
George Orwell
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Eric Arthur Blair, better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of injustice, opposition to totalitarianism. Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism and he is best known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945, Eric Arthur Blair was born on 25 June 1903, in Motihari, Bengal Presidency, in British India. His grandfather, Thomas Richard Arthur Blair, was a clergyman, although the gentility passed down the generations, the prosperity did not, Eric Blair described his family as lower-upper-middle class. His father, Richard Walmesley Blair, worked in the Opium Department of the Indian Civil Service and his mother, Ida Mabel Blair, grew up in Moulmein, Burma, where her French father was involved in speculative ventures. Eric had two sisters, Marjorie, five years older, and Avril, five years younger, when Eric was one year old, his mother took him and his sister to England. His birthplace and ancestral house in Motihari has been declared a monument of historical importance. In 1904, Ida Blair settled with her children at Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire, Eric was brought up in the company of his mother and sisters, and apart from a brief visit in mid-1907, they did not see the husband and father Richard Blair until 1912. His mothers diary from 1905 describes a lively round of social activity, before the First World War, the family moved to Shiplake, Oxfordshire where Eric became friendly with the Buddicom family, especially their daughter Jacintha. When they first met, he was standing on his head in a field, on being asked why, he said, You are noticed more if you stand on your head than if you are right way up. Jacintha and Eric read and wrote poetry, and dreamed of becoming famous writers and he said that he might write a book in the style of H. G. Wellss A Modern Utopia. During this period, he enjoyed shooting, fishing and birdwatching with Jacinthas brother and sister. At the age of five, Eric was sent as a day-boy to a convent school in Henley-on-Thames and it was a Roman Catholic convent run by French Ursuline nuns, who had been exiled from France after religious education was banned in 1903. His mother wanted him to have a school education, but his family could not afford the fees. Ida Blairs brother Charles Limouzin recommended St Cyprians School, Eastbourne, Limouzin, who was a proficient golfer, knew of the school and its headmaster through the Royal Eastbourne Golf Club, where he won several competitions in 1903 and 1904. The headmaster undertook to help Blair to win a scholarship, in September 1911 Eric arrived at St Cyprians. He boarded at the school for the five years, returning home only for school holidays
37.
Nineteen Eighty-Four
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Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell. The novel is set in Airstrip One, a province of the superstate Oceania in a world of war, omnipresent government surveillance. The superstate and its residents are dictated to by a political regime euphemistically named English Socialism, shortened to Ingsoc in Newspeak, the tyranny is ostensibly overseen by Big Brother, the Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of personality, but who may not even exist. The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake and it is not interested in the good of others, it is interested solely in power. The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth and his job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so that the historical record always supports the party line. The instructions that the workers receive portray the corrections as fixing misquotations and never as what they really are, forgeries and falsifications. A large part of the Ministry also actively destroys all documents that have not been edited and do not contain the revisions, in this way, Smith is a diligent and skillful worker but secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. The heroine of the novel, Julia, is based on Orwells second wife, as literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot and style. Many of its terms and concepts, such as Big Brother, doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak, Room 101, telescreen,2 +2 =5, and memory hole, have entered into common use since its publication in 1949. Nineteen Eighty-Four popularised the adjective Orwellian, which describes official deception, secret surveillance, in 2005, the novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005. It was awarded a place on lists of Modern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 13 on the editors list. In 2003, the novel was listed at number 8 on the BBCs survey The Big Read, on 4 December 1948, he sent the final manuscript to the publisher Secker and Warburg and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published on 8 June 1949. By 1989, it had translated into sixty-five languages, more than any other novel in English at the time. Warburg suggested changing the title to a more commercial one. In the novel 1985, Anthony Burgess suggests that Orwell, disillusioned by the onset of the Cold War, intended to call the book 1948. The introduction to the Penguin Books Modern Classics edition of Nineteen Eighty-Four reports that Orwell originally set the novel in 1980, the final title is also a permutation of 1948, the year of composition. The novel is in the domain in Canada, South Africa, Argentina, Australia. It will be in the domain in the United Kingdom and Brazil in 2021
38.
W. C. Fields
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William Claude Dukenfield, better known as W. C. Fields, was an American comedian, actor, juggler and writer, Fields comic persona was a misanthropic and hard-drinking egotist, who remained a sympathetic character despite his snarling contempt for dogs and children. His career in business began in vaudeville, where he attained international success as a silent juggler. He gradually incorporated comedy into his act, and was a comedian in the Ziegfeld Follies for several years. He became a star in the Broadway musical comedy Poppy, in which he played a colorful small-time con man and his subsequent stage and film roles were often similar scoundrels, or else henpecked everyman characters. Among his recognizable trademarks were his raspy drawl and grandiloquent vocabulary, the characterization he portrayed in films and on radio was so strong it was generally identified with Fields himself. It was maintained by the publicity departments at Fields studios and was established by Robert Lewis Taylors biography. Beginning in 1973, with the publication of Fields letters, photos, Fields by Himself, it was shown that Fields was married, and financially supported their son and loved his grandchildren. Fields was born William Claude Dukenfield in Darby, Pennsylvania, the oldest child of a working-class family and his father, James Lydon Dukenfield, was from an English family that emigrated to America from Sheffield, England in 1854. James Dukenfield served in Company M of the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment in the American Civil War and was wounded in 1863, Fields mother, Kate Spangler Felton, was a Protestant of British ancestry. The 1876 Philadelphia City Directory lists James Dukenfield as a clerk, after marrying, he worked as an independent produce merchant and a part-time hotel-keeper. Claude Dukenfield had a relationship with his short-tempered father. He ran away from home repeatedly, beginning at the age of nine and his education was sporadic, and did not progress beyond grade school. At age twelve he worked with his father selling produce from a wagon, in 1893 he worked briefly at the Strawbridge and Clothier department store, and in an oyster house. He had already discovered in himself a facility for juggling, at age 17, he was living with his family and performing a juggling act at church and theater shows. In 1904 Fields father visited him for two months in England while he was performing there in music halls. Fields enabled his father to retire, purchased him a summer home and his family supported his ambitions for the stage and saw him off on the train for his first stage tour. To conceal a stutter, Fields did not speak onstage, in 1900, seeking to distinguish himself from the many tramp acts in vaudeville, he changed his costume and makeup, and began touring as The Eccentric Juggler
39.
The Apartment
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The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film that was produced and directed by Billy Wilder, and which stars Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, and Fred MacMurray. It was Wilders next movie after Some Like It Hot and, like its predecessor, the film was nominated for ten Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Picture. The film was the basis of the 1968 Broadway musical Promises, Promises, with book by Neil Simon, music by Burt Bacharach, calvin Clifford Bud Baxter is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in New York City. The four managers write glowing reports about Bud, who hopes for a promotion from the personnel director, Sheldrake calls Baxter to his office but says that he has found out why they were so enthusiastic. Then he goes on to him in return for exclusive privileges to borrow the apartment. He insists on using it that night and, as compensation for such short notice. After work, Bud catches Fran Kubelik, an operator on whom he has had his eye. They agree to meet at the theater after she has a drink with a former fling, the man whom she meets, by coincidence, is Sheldrake, who convinces her that he is about to divorce his wife for her. They go to Baxters apartment as Baxter waits forlornly outside the theater, at Buds apartment, Fran confronts Sheldrake, upset with herself for believing his lies. Sheldrake maintains that he loves her but then leaves to return to his suburban family as usual. Meanwhile, Bud accidentally finds out about Sheldrake and Fran, heartbroken, he lets himself be picked up by a woman at a local bar. When they arrive at his apartment, he is shocked to find Fran in his bed, fully clothed and he enlists the help of his neighbor, Dr. Dreyfuss, to revive Fran without notifying the authorities and sends his confused bar pickup home. To protect his job, he lets Dreyfuss believe that he and Fran are lovers who had fought and this comes as no surprise to Dr. Dreyfuss or his wife, who long assumed Baxter was a womanizing playboy from all the noise coming from his apartment at all hours. Fran spends two days recuperating at his apartment, while Bud tries entertaining and distracting her from any further suicidal thoughts, since she has been missing, Frans brother-in-law Karl Matuschka comes to the office looking for her. She has not been there and neither has Baxter, the previous day, one of the executives had seen Fran in the bedroom when he came to the apartment hoping to borrow it, and mentioned it to the other executives. Resenting Bud for denying them access to his apartment, the direct the man there. Baxter again takes responsibility for Frans actions, and Karl punches him twice in the face, Fran kisses Bud for not revealing her affair with Sheldrake to Karl, and Bud, sensing that she now cares for him, smiles and says the punch didnt hurt a bit. Sheldrake rewards Bud with a promotion and fires Miss Olsen for telling Fran his history of womanizing
40.
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)
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Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series, it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling, in her screenwriting debut, and inspired by her book of the same name. It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series, and the overall in J. K. Rowlings Wizarding World. Principal photography began at Warner Bros, studios, Leavesden, England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D, the film received positive reviews from critics and it has grossed $813 million worldwide, making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016. The film was nominated for five BAFTAs, winning for Best Production Design, Rowlings Wizarding World to win an Academy Award. In 1926 the British wizard and magizoologist Newt Scamander arrives by ship to New York en route to Arizona and he encounters Mary Lou Barebone, a non-magical woman who heads the New Salem Philanthropic Society, which claims that witches and wizards are real and dangerous. As Newt listens to her speak, a Niffler escapes from his magically expanded suitcase, as he attempts to capture it, he meets No-Maj cannery worker and aspiring baker Jacob Kowalski, and they accidentally swap suitcases. Demoted Auror Tina Goldstein arrests Newt for being a wizard and takes him to the Magical Congress of the United States of America headquarters. However, as Jacobs suitcase contains only baked goods, Newt is released, at Jacobs tenement apartment, several creatures escape from Newts suitcase. After Tina and Newt find Jacob and the suitcase, Tina takes them to her apartment and introduces them to Queenie, Queenie and Jacob are mutually attracted, though American wizards are forbidden to marry or even socially interact with No-Majs. Newt extracted it from a girl who died, those afflicted rarely living past the age of ten. Newt persuades Jacob to help search for the missing creatures, after re-capturing two of the three escaped beasts, they re-enter the suitcase, which Tina takes to MACUSA. Officials arrest them, believing one of Newts beasts is responsible for killing Senator Henry Shaw Jr and they decide to destroy Newts suitcase and erase Jacobs recent memories. Director of Magical Security Percival Graves accuses Newt of conspiring with the dark wizard Gellert Grindelwald. Newt and Tina are sentenced to death but Queenie and Jacob rescue them. Thanks to the help of Goblin gangster Gnarlack, Tinas old informant, meanwhile, Percival Graves approaches Credence Barebone, Mary Lous adopted son, and offers to free him from his abusive mother. In exchange, he wants Credence to find an Obscurus, Graves believes it has caused the mysterious destructive incidents around the city
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Sam Winchester
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Samuel Sam Winchester is a fictional character and one of the two protagonists of the American drama television series Supernatural along with his older brother Dean. He is portrayed by Jared Padalecki, Sam was born on May 2,1983 to John and Mary Winchester in Lawrence, Kansas. He is one of two characters of the series. He is the second child, four years younger than his older brother Dean. He is named after his grandfather, Samuel Campbell. When Sam was only six months old, his mother Mary was killed by the demon Azazel, Sam is saved from the ensuing fire by his father, who then gives him to a four-year-old Dean to carry outside. Since that moment, Dean has felt responsible for Sam and became Sams protector, Sam and Dean spent their childhood moving from town to town every few weeks while their father hunted supernatural beings and their mothers unknown killer. Until the age of 8, Sam believed that his mother had died in a car accident and his father was a traveling salesman, at nineteen, after a heated argument with John, Sam leaves for Stanford University, thus leaving his family and their hunting crusade behind him. At the start of the series, 22-year-old Sam is seen as a senior at Stanford, Sam also has a girlfriend, Jessica, with whom he lives and secretly plans to marry. One night, Dean comes to Sams apartment seeking his help after their father John goes missing, although reluctant at first, Sam eventually accompanies his brother. This incites him to go with Dean to find their father and to kill the demon in order to avenge the deaths of his mother, in the consequent episodes, the brothers deal with dangerous mythical creatures and urban legends such as the wendigo, Bloody Mary, and shapeshifters. During this time, Sam begins experiencing episodes of precognitive dreams, the brothers eventually split up, with Dean going to investigate a mystery his father has assigned him while Sam decides to search for their father elsewhere. The two are reunited after Dean apologizes. Later in the season, John is captured by demons, however, they soon learn that the demon who killed their mother is in possession of their fathers body. Though John begs Sam to kill him, Sam instead shoots John in the leg using the Colt, and the demon escapes. As Sam drives his father and a badly wounded Dean to a hospital, at the beginning of the second season, the Winchesters are at the Nashville hospital, with Sam and John escaping with minor injuries, while Dean is on the brink of death. In a deal with Azazel, John sacrifices his soul and the Colt in exchange for Deans life. While the boys mourn their fathers death, Sam expresses much guilt about never having a chance to reconcile with John, as the boys start to take a more active role in hunting, Sam begins to search for psychic children like him to find out Azazels plan
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Supernatural (U.S. TV series)
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Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke. It was first broadcast on September 13,2005, on The WB, starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons, ghosts, monsters, and other supernatural beings. The series is produced by Warner Bros, Television, in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision. Along with Kripke, executive producers have been McG, Robert Singer, Phil Sgriccia, Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, John Shiban, Ben Edlund, former executive producer and director Kim Manners died of lung cancer during production of the fourth season. The series is filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia and surrounding areas and was in development for nearly ten years, as creator Kripke spent several years unsuccessfully pitching it. The pilot was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers, originally, Kripke planned the series for three seasons but later expanded it to five. The fifth season concluded the main storyline, and Kripke departed the series as showrunner. The series has continued on for more seasons with new showrunners, including Sera Gamble, Jeremy Carver, Robert Singer. The series was renewed for a season, which premiered on October 7,2015. With its eleventh season, Supernatural became the longest-running American fantasy series, the series was renewed for a twelfth season, which premiered on October 13,2016. On January 8,2017, The CW renewed the show for a thirteenth season, before bringing Supernatural to television, creator Eric Kripke had been developing the series for nearly ten years, having been fascinated with urban legends since he was a child. Although he had envisioned Supernatural as a movie, he spent years unsuccessfully pitching it as a series, Kripke wanted it to be a road trip series, feeling that it was the best vehicle to tell these stories because its pure, stripped down and uniquely American. These stories exist in small towns all across the country. As he had written for The WB series Tarzan, Kripke was offered the chance to pitch show ideas to the network. However, the network disliked his tabloid reporter idea, so Kripke successfully pitched his idea of the characters being brothers. He decided to have the brothers be from Lawrence, Kansas, because of its closeness to Stull Cemetery, when it came time to name the two lead characters, Kripke decided on Sal and Dean as an homage to Jack Kerouacs road-trip novel On the Road. However, he felt that Sal was inappropriate for a main character and it was originally intended for the brothers last name to be Harrison as a nod to actor Harrison Ford, as Kripke wanted Dean to have the devil-may-care swagger of Han Solo. However, there was a Sam Harrison living in Kansas, so the name had to be changed for legal reasons, combining his interest in the Winchester Mystery House and his desire to give the series the feel of a modern-day Western, Kripke settled on the surname of Winchester
