Evolutionary arms race
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In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-
An example of an asymmetrical arms race is cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) evolving to become better hunters and gazelle evolving to evade being killed.
Rough-skinned newt
Cane toads (Rhinella marina) have experienced a massive population explosion in Australia due to the lack of competition.
Evolutionary game theory
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Evolutionary game theory is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology. It defines a framework of contests, strategies, and analytics into which Darwinian competition can be mod
The mathematical biologist John Maynard Smith modelled evolutionary games.
Solution of the hawk dove game for V=2, C=10 and fitness starting base B=4. The fitness of a hawk for different population mixes is plotted as a black line, that of dove in red. An ESS (a stationary point) will exist when hawk and dove fitness are equal: Hawks are 20% of population and doves are 80% of the population.
War of attrition for different values of resource. Note the time it takes for an accumulation of 50% of the contestants to quit vs. the value (V) of resource contested for.
Dung fly (Scatophaga stercoraria) – a war of attrition player