Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, shortened as Enem, is a non-mandatory, standardized Brazilian national exam, which evaluates high school students in Brazil. The ENEM is the most important exam of this kind in Brazil, with more than 8.6 million registered candidates in 2016. It is the second largest in the world after China's National Higher Education Entrance Examination.

The Programa Universidade para Todos, also known as ProUni, was created by the Brazilian Federal Government and developed by Fernando Haddad, Minister of Education at the time, with the purpose of providing full and partial scholarships in undergraduate and sequential courses of specific training in private higher education institutions. It was instituted by Law No. 11,096 of January 13, 2005 during Lula's administration.