Extended Wulff constructions refers to a number of different ways to model the structure of nanoparticles as well as larger mineral crystals. They can be used to understand the shape of gemstones and
Decision tree for shapes of particles, adapted from Boukouvala, Daniel and Ringe
Experimental image of a gold nanoparticle (top) on ceria at the top, and a corresponding Winterbottom model at the bottom with green for (111) and brown form (001 with the substrate in blue).
Fiveling (decahedral nanoparticle) showing diffusion growth at tips
A fiveling, also known as a decahedral nanoparticle, a multiply-twinned particle, a pentagonal nanoparticle, a pentatwin, or a five-fold twin is a type of twinned crystal that can exist at sizes rangi
Extended Wulff constructions
…but it is common to have twins in the crystals. These can occur either by accident (growth twins), or can be an integral part of the structure as in decahedral or icosahedral particles. To understand the shape of particles with twin boundaries a modified Wulff construction is used. All these add some additional…