1.
Action film
–
Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences, while action has long been a recurring component in films, the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. The genre is associated with the thriller and adventure film genres. Some historians consider The Great Train Robbery to be the first action film, during the 1920s and 1930s, action-based films were often swashbuckling adventure films in which actors, such as Douglas Fairbanks, wielded swords in period pieces or Westerns. The 1940s and 1950s saw action in a new form through war, the film, along with a war-adventure called The Guns of Navarone, inspired producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman to invest in their own spy-adventure, based on the novels of Ian Fleming. The long-running success of the James Bond films or series introduced a staple of the action film. Such larger-than-life characters were a veritable “one-man army”, able to dispatch villainous masterminds after cutting through their disposable henchmen in increasingly creative ways, such heroes are ready with one-liners, puns, and dry quips. The Bond films also used fast cutting, car chases, fist fights, a variety of weapons and gadgets, Dirty Harry essentially lifted its star, Clint Eastwood, out of his cowboy typecasting, and framed him as the archetypal hero of the urban action film. In many countries, restrictions on language, adult content, and violence had loosened up, in the 1970s, martial-arts films from Hong Kong became popular with Western audiences and inspired big budget films such as Bruce Lees Enter the Dragon. Chuck Norris blended martial arts with cops and robbers in films such as Good Guys Wear Black, from Japan, Sonny Chiba starred in his first martial arts movie in 1973 called the Karate Kiba. His breakthrough international hit was The Street Fighter series, which established him as the reigning Japanese martial arts actor in international cinema and he also played the role of Mas Oyama in Champion of Death, Karate Bearfighter, and Karate for Life. Chibas action films were not only bounded by martial arts, but also action thriller, jidaigeki, in the 1980s Hollywood produced many big budget action blockbusters with actors such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lorenzo Lamas, Michael Dudikoff, Charles Bronson and Bruce Willis. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas paid their homage to the Bond-inspired style with Raiders of the Lost Ark, in 1982, veteran actor Nick Nolte and rising comedian Eddie Murphy broke box office records with the action-comedy 48 Hrs. credited as the first buddy-cop movie. That same year, Sylvester Stallone starred in First Blood, the first installment in the Rambo film series made the character John Rambo a pop culture icon. 1984 saw the beginning of the Terminator starring Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger and this story provides one of the grittiest roles for a woman in action and Hamilton was required to put in extensive effort to develop a strong physique. The 1988 film, Die Hard, was influential on the development of the action genre. In the film, Bruce Willis plays a New York police detective who becomes embroiled in a terrorist take-over of a Los Angeles office building high-rise. The film set a pattern for a host of imitators, like Under Siege and Sudden Death, by the end of the 1980s, the influence of the successful action film could be felt in almost every genre
2.
Science fiction
–
Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
3.
The Pillows
–
The Pillows is a Japanese alternative rock band formed in 1989. As of 2016, the group has released 20 original studio albums, several EPs and compilations, outside Japan, they are best known as the group responsible for the soundtrack to the FLCL OVA series. In 1989 Kenji Ueda, bassist for Kenzi & The Trips, left the band with former Kenzis drummer Shinichiro Sato, since Yamanaka was not able to play the guitar well yet, Yoshiaki Manabe, the guitarist of the hair metal band Persia, joined them. The Pillows were formed on September 16,1989, Ueda and Yamanaka were the main songwriters and The Pillows released their first EPs, Pantomime and 90s My Life in 1990 under Captain Records. In 1991 they contracted with major label Pony Canyon and released their single, Ame ni Utaeba in May. In 1992 The Pillows visited England to record their second album, White Incarnation. Shortly after the release of White Incarnation, Ueda left The Pillows due to disagreements with other members, after a year with no activity or leadership, Sawao Yamanaka took over Uedas leadership role and recruited Tatsuya Kashima as a replacement on bass, restarting the band. Out of respect for Ueda, Kashima was labeled as a guest musician on releases on which he performed, the extremely rare The Pillows Presents Special CD, released only to The Pillows fanclub, contained their first recordings with Kashima. In 1995 The Pillows released their album, Living Field on March. Much like Kool Spice, it is difficult to pin a genre on the album, standout tracks include the reggae song Native World, the sixties-influenced nostalgic rock jam The Killing Field, and the beautiful single track Daydream Wonder. Some fans consider the listenability of Living Field its outstanding feature, while a musically diverse and intricate album, Living Field was not a commercial success, but their subsequent single, Girlfriend, was used in the romance movie Love Letter. Lostman, which is considered to be their best album by many fans. In March of the year, due to the success of Please Mr. Lostman The Pillows released one of the albums tracks. Later that year, two new singles were released, One Life in June and Hybrid Rainbow in November, which one of The Pillows most recognizable songs. In January 1998, The Pillows released their twelfth single Another Morning and their first concert DVD Hello, Welcome to Bubbletowns Happy Zoo. The last three singles were featured on their sixth album Little Busters, which came out in February and became one of their most famous records and, for several years, their best-selling album. Little Busters solidly established the band into a more upbeat variation of the ′90s Alternative style, while merging again with British pop sounds of the 1960s, strongly reminiscent of The Beatles. Later that year, two more followed, Instant Music and No Self Control that would be used on their 1999 album Runners High
4.
Production I.G
–
Production I. G, Inc. is a Japanese anime studio and production enterprise, founded on December 15,1987, by Mitsuhisa Ishikawa and headquartered in Musashino, Tokyo, Japan. Among its prominent works are Guilty Crown, Psycho-Pass, Eden of the East, and it is known in the video game industry for developing intros, cut-scenes, and artwork for games such as the Namco Tales Studios title, Tales of Symphonia. The letters I and G derive from the names of the founders, Mitsuhisa Ishikawa. The company is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations, initially founded as IG Tatsunoko Limited in 1987, it was a break-off branch-studio of Tatsunoko Productions which created Zillion. Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, the producer of Zillion, founded the studio to obstruct the dispersing of the excellent staffs of the Tatsunoko branch, kyoto Animation, one of the finishers of Zillion, supported Ishikawa and the IG Tatsunoko Limited was founded on December 15,1987. The IG was named after the initials of Ishikawa and Goto, the initial shareholders of the studio were Ishikawa, Goto, Hideaki Hatta and Tatsunoko Production, etc. Among Production I. Gs earliest most notable works was the feature length cinematic anime adaptation of the Patlabor story, thus, the movie Patlabor 2, released on August 1993, became the last product bearing the name IG Tatsunoko. In early 1997 Koichi Mashimo a fellow Tatsunoko employee presented an idea of his to President Ishikawa, Mashimo had conceived the idea of a small studio that could work on small productions and nurture the creative spirit of its staff members. Ishikawa liked the idea and sponsored Mashimos endeavor and studio Bee Train Animation Inc. was formed as a subsidiary company, Production I. G and Ishikawa helped supervise and produce the early productions such as PoPoLoCrois Monogatari, Wild Arms, Twilight Venom, and Arc the Lad. Along with Xebec it was the subsidiary company under I. G. In 2006, Bee Train became independent and Ishikawa stepped down as an executive in the company, the two studios would team up again in 2008 to work on Blade of the Immortal, Batman, Gotham Knight, and again in 2010 for Halo Legends. In 1998, the company incorporated to become Production I. G, following that, Production I. G merged with ING, another production company founded by the same Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, in 2000. In a Q&A session Ishikawa said, It stands for two words itsumo and genki, you should ask is that true, in reality it stands for Ishikawa, and my artist collaborator’s name Takayuki Goto, the initials of our last names. But now though I am the president, we kept the name. But I am happy to say it means Itsumo Genki, on July 4,2007, the company announced merger with Mag Garden, forming a new holding company called IG Port. 2006 saw the release of the new Mamoru Oshiis movie, Tachigui, The Amazing Lives of the Fast Food Grifters and its like my home, Oshii declared of I. G in an interview with Andrez Bergen for Japanese newspaper Daily Yomiuri. Its like Manchester for Manchester United, and Hamburg for HSV and they know the pitch in whatever condition and situations. The series was directed by Ryūtarō Nakamura and written by Chiaki J. Konaka
5.
Gainax
–
Evangelion has reportedly grossed over 150 billion yen, or approximately 1.2 billion USD. The company is headquartered in Koganei, Tokyo, series produced by Gainax are often known for their controversial twist endings. The Animage Anime Grand Prix has been awarded to Gainax for Nadia, The Secret of Blue Water in 1991, Neon Genesis Evangelion in 1995 and 1996, and The End of Evangelion in 1997. The studio was formed in the early 1980s as Daicon Film by university students Hideaki Anno, Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, Hiroyuki Yamaga, Takami Akai, Toshio Okada, Yasuhiro Takeda and Shinji Higuchi. Their first project was a short for the 20th Annual Japan National SF Convention, also known as Daicon III, held in 1981 in Osaka. Though the short had a scope, the animation was rough. The group made a bigger splash with the short they produced for the 22nd Annual Japan National SF Convention, Daicon IV. The action was all set to the Electric Light Orchestra song Twilight, the Daicon IV short firmly established Daicon Film as a talented new anime studio. The studio changed its name to Gainax in 1985, basing the term Gainax on an obscure Tottori Prefecture term for giant, Gainaxs first work as a commercial entity was Royal Space Force, The Wings of Honneamise, released in 1987. Honneamise was critically acclaimed and an anime movie, however. The next release, the 1988 OVA Gunbuster, was a success and put Gainax on a stabler footing to produce works like Nadia. During this period, Gainax also produced a number of such as garage kit. In 1995, Gainax produced perhaps their best known series, the commercially successful and it was later revealed that Gainax had concealed 1. Gainax president Takeshi Sawamura and tax accountant Yoshikatsu Iwasaki were arrested on July 13,1999, I guess he was vulnerable to temptation at that point, because no one knew how long the Evangelion goose would keep laying golden eggs. I dont think he purposely set out with the goal of evading taxes and it was more that our level of accounting knowledge wasnt up to the task of dealing with revenues on such a large scale. In 2004, Gainax marked their 20th anniversary with the production of Diebuster, Gainaxs most recent successes on television have been the popular anime series Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann and Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt. In August 2011, Gainax was sued by A. D. A. D, vision has asked to be awarded the live-action rights to Evangelion and any accruing legal fees. In 2012, Gainax announced it would be producing its first live-action television series, EAs Rock, Gainax also collaborated with Game Arts in 1992, resulting in the video game Alisia Dragoon
6.
Australasia
–
Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Charles de Brosses coined the term in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes and he derived it from the Latin for south of Asia and differentiated the area from Polynesia and the southeast Pacific. The bulk of Australasia sits on the Indo-Australian Plate, together with India, physiographically, Australasia includes New Zealand, Australia, and Melanesia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands north and east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. The designation is applied to all the lands and islands of the Pacific Ocean lying between the equator and latitude 47° south. Most of Australasia lies on the portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west. Sometimes the term encompasses the island of New Guinea. Many organisations whose names include the prefix Australasian Society of, limit their scope of operation to just Australia and New Zealand. In the past, Australasia has been used as a name for combined Australia/New Zealand sporting teams, examples include tennis between 1905 and 1915, when New Zealand and Australia combined to compete in the Davis Cup international tournament, and at the Olympic Games of 1908 and 1912. From an ecological perspective the Australasia ecozone forms a region with a common geologic and evolutionary history. In this context, Australasia is limited to Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Wallace Line marks the biological divide from the Indomalaya ecozone of tropical Asia – Borneo and Bali lie on the western, Asian side. These three land masses have been separated from other continents, and from one another, for millions of years, all of Australasia shares the Antarctic flora, although the northern, tropical islands also share many plants with Southeast Asia. Mainland Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania are separated from one another by shallow continental shelves and they share a similar fauna which includes marsupial and monotreme mammals and ratite birds. Eucalypts are the predominant trees in much of Australia and New Guinea, New Zealand has no extant native land mammals aside from bats, but also had ratite birds, including the kiwi and the extinct moa. Media related to Australasia at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Madman Entertainment
–
Madman Entertainment is an Australian company that distributes Australian and foreign films as well as Japanese anime and manga in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Madman is one of the entertainment companies in Australia. It employs approx 100 people and has a turnover of around A$50 million. Its headquarters is in Richmond, Victoria, Madman has secured the local release rights to popular titles including Sailor Moon, One Piece, Dragon Ball, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Akira, Steins, Gate and almost all of Studio Ghiblis catalogue. In addition to DVD sales, Madman manages the theatrical release of some of their titles, according to market research, Madman accounts for 97% of the total anime home media market in Australia. Later on in 1997, Madman started to distribute anime from ADV Films along with Siren Entertainment, in 2001 Madman Entertainment bought Sirens distribution equipment and established The AV Channel, allowing Madman to distribute their own titles. As of 2008, only some of Manga Entertainment Australias titles from the 1990s have been distributed by Madman, some of their DVD releases have been jointly mastered with Britains MVM Films or Revelation Films to save costs, and are therefore dual-region. A few DVD titles from Madman, such as the Oh My Goddess, oVAs, are all-region or multi-region DVDs in the NTSC format, imported from the US and repackaged for sale in Australia and New Zealand. Madman & Manga UK also work together on PAL DVD & Region B Blu-ray masters and video transfers, a growing selection of manga titles translated by Tokyopop in the United States and Chuang Yi in Singapore are being imported and distributed through Madman Entertainment. In February 2008, Madman announced that they would also be distributing manga titles from Viz Media, Madman currently distributes manga from Viz Media, Dark Horse Comics, Tokyopop, and recently from Yen Press with the 2012 release of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Madman launched in 1996 solely as a distribution company, but has since expanded. Madman also has a distribution arm called Madman Cinema. In addition, the company distributes original series produced by Australias Special Broadcasting Service on DVD, at the 2008 Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Madman announced plans to explore new distribution methods. The company now offers streaming of selected anime episodes, beginning with the first episode of School Rumble. Madman now has a sub-page, Madman Scereening Room, dedicated to video streaming, Madman has also begun releasing Blu-ray Disc titles, starting with The Transformers, The Movie in June 2009. On 1 June 2009, Madman Entertainment released an English adaption of Tamagotchi, The Movie, Madman also intended to dub the films sequel, Tamagotchi, Happiest Story in the Universe. But the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons, in April 2008, the company announced a collaboration with British company Warp Films. Warp and Madman plan to make at least two films together over the three years, starting with Tyrannosaur
8.
Northern America
–
Northern America is the northernmost subcontinent of North America. It lies directly north of the region of Middle America, consisting of Mexico, the Caribbean, the land border between the two regions coincides with the border between the United States and Mexico. Geopolitically, according to the scheme of geographic regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, maps using the term Northern America date back to 1755, when the region was occupied by France, Great Britain, and Spain. The Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America in 1813 applied to Mexico, Central America Middle America Americas Anglo-America
9.
Funimation
–
Funimation is an American entertainment, anime, and foreign licensing company based in Flower Mound, Texas. The studio is one of the distributors of anime and other foreign entertainment properties in North America alongside Viz Media, Sentai Filmworks. It was founded on May 9,1994 by Gen Fukunaga and his wife Cindy as FUNimation Productions, with funding by Daniel Cocanougher and his family, Funimation was sold to Navarre Corporation on May 11,2005 and the company was renamed FUNimation Entertainment. In April 2011, Navarre sold Funimation to a group of investors including Fukunaga for $24 million, around the same time, the companys trademark ball, star and blue bar were dropped from its logo and the company was renamed to simply Funimation. In May 2013, Funimation consolidated its divisions under its new holding company Group 1200 Media, Funimation is a portmanteau of the English words fun and animation. The company was founded on May 9,1994 by Japanese-born businessman Gen Fukunaga, fukunagas uncle, Nagafumi Hori, was working as a producer for Toei Company, Hori approached Gen about licensing Dragon Ball to the United States. He proposed that if Fukunaga could start a company and raise enough money. Fukunaga met with co-worker Daniel Cocanougher whose family owned a mill in Decatur, Texas and convinced Cocanoughers family to sell their business. The company was formed in Silicon Valley, California as Funimation Productions in 1994. They initially collaborated with companies on Dragon Ball, such as BLT Productions, Ocean Studios, Pioneer. This led Funimation to begin licensing other anime to the U. S, on May 11,2005, Funimation was acquired by the now-defunct Navarre Corporation for US$100.4 million in cash and 1.8 million shares of Navarre stock. Funimation moved into the Lakeside Business District with a ten-year lease, in July 2008, Funimation confirmed that they had acquired distribution rights to several Geneon titles, including some that Geneon had left unfinished when they ceased operations. At Anime Expo 2008, Funimation announced that it had acquired over 30 titles from the Sojitz catalog that had previously licensed by ADV Films. In 2009, Funimation signed a deal with Toei Animation to stream several of its anime titles online through the Funimation website, in the first quarter of 2010, Navarre Corporation reclassified Funimation as discounted operations and began preparations to sell the company. Navarre released a statement in April 2011 confirming that Funimation has been sold to a group of investors, including original owner Gen Fukunaga, for $24 million. It is speculated that Funimation was sold at such a low cost because Navarre wanted to continue distributing goods in relation to the products, Navarre remained as exclusive distributor of Funimations titles until 2013 when the company shutdown. From this point on, virtually all titles simulcasted by Niconico were acquired by Funimation, the deal has since been severed. On June 22,2015, Funimation and Universal Pictures Home Entertainment announced a home video distribution deal
10.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
11.
MVM Entertainment
–
MVM Entertainment, also known as MVM and MVM Films, is a British distributor of Japanese animation. It is part of the MVM Group, which also has wholesale and retail arms and it is headquartered in Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales. MVM Entertainment came into existence in 1990 as a mail order and it grew as did the demand for anime and manga products into the nineties, allowing the company to start licensing anime series for the United Kingdom market in 1998. Today MVM have over 40 different titles for the UK market and is the largest anime distributor in the country by volume of titles, some of their DVD releases have been jointly mastered with Australias Madman to save costs, and are therefore dual-region. The company also won the Best Anime distributor award in the 2006 Neo Magazine Awards, MVM Entertainment had also managed to win the 2009 Best Anime Distributor award in Neo magazine amid stiff opposition from the likes of Beez and Manga Entertainment UK. Up until November 2006, Funimation distributed their titles in the United Kingdom through MVM, however, in a surprise announcement, Funimation switched their British distributor to Revelation Films, starting in early 2007. This move has been credited to Funimation’s takeover by the Navarre Corporation, MVM retained their licenses for some series animated by studio GONZO and licensed by Funimation in North America, such as Samurai 7 and Burst Angel, since they were licensed directly from GONZO. Nevertheless, MVM’s market share was damaged, and the publisher lost some of their most popular titles, including Fruits Basket and Fullmetal Alchemist. MVMs most recent releases of Funimation-licensed titles are Aquarion. hack//Quantum, Shakugan no Shana, Ga-Rei, Zero, Sankarea, Is This a Zombie. and – Control
12.
FLCL
–
The six-episode series was released in Japan from April 2000 to March 2001. A manga and novel were created at the time. It aired in the United States on Adult Swim in 2003 several times and it aired once again on the networks Toonami block from October 26,2013 to January 25,2014. The series is available via Hulu, iTunes, and on Funimations website. Two new seasons totaling 12 episodes were announced on March 24,2016 as a co-production between Production I. G and Adult Swim, FLCL is a coming-of-age story and revolves around Naota Nandaba, a 12-year-old, working-class boy living with his widowed father and grandfather. Naota discovers that the blow to his created a N. O. portal. Naota later finds Haruko working in his house as a live-in maid and it is later discovered that Haruko is an investigator for the Galactic Space Police Brotherhood. Haruko uses Naota for her search for the Pirate King, Atomsk and she is at odds with Medical Mechanica, a monolithic industrial corporation. Naota is being watched by Commander Amarao, an agent of the Bureau of Interstellar Immigration. Naota is ultimately drawn into a battle between Haruko, Amarao and Medical Mechanica. FLCL was directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki and produced by the FLCL Production Committee, which included Gainax, Production I. G, fLCLs localization director and script writer Marc Handler stated that localization of the script was the hardest part of the show. The in-jokes in the show included obscure pop culture references that had to be decoded and transferred to English audiences. One example was a reference to Cheerio, a soft drink in Japan, for the English release the choice was made to use a discontinued American soft drink at the time. Director Kazuya Tsuramaki responded to criticism of FLCL, stating comprehension should not be an important factor in FLCL, the Medical Mechanica building featured is in the shape of a large iron. The character Amarao describes Medical Mechanicas goal as the destruction of all thought, FLCL uses the iron as a symbolic breakdown of thought by smoothing out the wrinkles as equated to the removing of the brains wrinkles. For English localization, the Japanese team had to explain the concept because a translation of script did not convey the ideology. Six DVD compilations, each containing one episode, have released in Japan by Gainax. In addition, a DVD collection box, containing all six DVD compilations, was released in Japan on August 13,2005, three DVD compilations were released by Synch-Point in North America
13.
Kadokawa Shoten
–
Kadokawa Shoten, formerly Kadokawa Shoten Co. Ltd. is a Japanese publisher and brand company of Kadokawa Corporation based in Tokyo, Japan. It became a division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1,2013. Kadokawa has published both manga novels and magazines, such as Newtype magazine, since its founding, Kadokawa has expanded into the multimedia sector, namely in video games and movies. Kadokawa Shoten was established on November 10,1945 by Genyoshi Kadokawa, the companys first publication imprint, Kadokawa Bunko, was published in 1949. The company went public on April 2,1954, in 1975, Haruki Kadokawa became the president of Kadokawa Shoten, following Genyoshi Kadokawas death. On April 1,2003, Kadokawa Shoten was renamed to Kadokawa Holdings, on July 1,2006, the parent company was renamed to Kadokawa Group Holdings, and inherited the management and integration businesses within Kadokawa Shoten. In January 2007, Kadokawa Group Holdings inherited the management and integration businesses within Kadokawa Shoten, the magazine businesses was transferred to the Kadokawa Magazine Group. The video game divisions of Kadokawa Shoten, ASCII Media Works, Kadokawa Shoten ceased being a kabushiki gaisha on October 1,2013 when it was merged with eight other companies to become a brand company of Kadokawa Corporation. Kadokawa Haruki Corporation, Founded in 1976 Haruki Kadokawa as a production company. The company was merged into Kadokawa Shoten. When Haruki Kadokawa was still on bail following his 1993 arrest, Fujimi Shobo, In 1991, Fujimi Shobo was merged into Kadokawa Shoten, but continued operations as a division of Kadokawa Shoten. The Television), In 1993, it was merged into Kadokawa Shoten, Kadokawa Media Office, In 1993, it was merged into Kadokawa Shoten. Kadokawa J-com media Kadokawa Gakugei Shuppan Publishing, Formerly Hichō Kikaku, in 2007, Kadokawas stake of Asmik Ace was transferred to Kadokawa Group Holdings. In 2010, Sumitomo purchased the remaining 20% stake from Kadokawa Group Holdings, cinema Paradise Taiwan Animate Chara Ani. hack//G. U. Bio Booster Armor Guyver Black Rock Shooter Brain Powerd Cardfight, frog Shangri-La Shibuya Fifteen Shirahime-Syo, Snow Goddess Tales Slayers Sora no Otoshimono Steel Angel Kurumi Strider Hiryu Super Lovers Tenchi Muyo
14.
Tokyopop
–
Tokyopop, styled TOKYOPOP, and formerly known as Mixx Entertainment, is an American distributor, licensor, and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa, and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, Tokyopops defunct US publishing division previously published works in English and Japanese. Tokyopop had its US headquarters in the Variety Building in Los Angeles, California, Tokyopop was founded in 1997 by Stuart J. Levy. In the late 1990s, the headquarters were located in Los Angeles. While the company was known as Mixx Entertainment, it sold MixxZine, mixxzine later became Tokyopop before it was discontinued. Cultural anthropologist Matt Thorn praised Stu Levy for opening up a market for cartoons with the publication of Sailor Moon. Before Sailor Moon, the belief among entertainment executives was that girls dont watch cartoons, due to Sailor Moon’s immense popularity, Tokyopop discontinued the serial from its magazines, and released it separately as its first manga graphic novel. Also, together with Diamond, Tokyopop offered retailers free spinner rack displays for Tokyopop manga, Tokyopop also licensed and distributed Japanese anime. ”The film was directed and scripted by Shoji Kawamori, who created Super Dimensional Fortress Macross and The Vision of Escaflowne. Taste of Cinema ranked “Spring and Chaos” thirteenth in its list of Top “25 Weird Animated Movies That Are Worth Your Time. In 2002, Tokyopop launched its line of 100% Authentic Manga, unfortunately, this often compromised the integrity of the titles original artwork. Tokyopop volumes hit the shelves monthly, bi-monthly or quarterly versus the six months or longer typical of competitors. It also allowed Tokyopop to sell books for a price point of $9.99 per book. Tokyopop was the first U. S. publisher to adopt such a sweeping policy, an authentic manga how-to guide was included in each graphic novel to keep readers from accidentally reading the final page first, and the authentic manga also featured special packaging. Tokyopop launched their Global Manga publishing program in 2003 via the introduction of its Rising Stars of Manga talent competition, the competition called for American manga artists to submit 15-25 page English-language stories of any genre. The top 10 entries, as judged by Tokyopop editors, received prizes and were published in an anthology of the winning works. The grand prize winners were given the chance to pitch full-length manga projects to Tokyopop for a chance to become professional manga-ka. The 5th Rising Stars of Manga competition added the People’s Choice award, “We are really pleased to open up the Rising Stars judging to the fans, commented Tokyopop editor Rob Valois. Since so many people have been vocal on the boards and at industry conventions
15.
Kodansha
–
Kodansha Ltd. is a Japanese publishing company headquartered in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. The company has its headquarters in Bunkyō, Tokyo, the Noma family continue as owners of Kodansha. Seiji Noma founded Kodansha in 1909 as a spin-off of the Dai-Nippon Yūbenkai, the name Kodansha originated in 1911 when the publisher formally merged with the Dai-Nippon Yūbenkai. The company has used its current legal name since 1958 and it uses the motto omoshirokute, tame ni naru. Kodansha Limited owns the Otowa Group, which manages subsidiary companies such as King Records and Kobunsha, and publishes Nikkan Gendai and it also has close ties with The Walt Disney Company, and officially sponsors Tokyo Disneyland. Kodansha is the largest publisher in Japan, Kodansha sponsors the prestigious Kodansha Manga Award, which has run since 1977. Kodanshas headquarters in Tokyo once housed Noma Dōjō, a kendo practice-hall established by Seiji Noma in 1925, the hall was demolished in November 2007, however, and replaced with a dōjō in a new building nearby. The company announced that it was closing its English-language publishing house, Kodansha International and their American publishing house, Kodansha Comics USA, will remain in operation. Kodansha USA began issuing new publications under the head administrator of the international branch Kentaro Tsugumi, many of Kodansha USAs older titles have been reprinted. According to Daniel Mani of Kodansha USA, Inc, though we did stopped publishing new books for about a year starting from late 2011, we did continue to sell most of our older title throughout that period. The Kodansha company holds ownership in various broadcasting companies in Japan and it also holds shares in Nippon Cultural Broadcasting, along with Kobunsha. In the 2005 takeover-war for Nippon Broadcasting System between Livedoor and Fuji TV, Kodansha supported Fuji TV by selling its stock to Fuji TV, Kodansha has a somewhat complicated relationship with Nippon Hoso Kyokai, Japans public broadcaster. Many of the manga and novels published by Kodansha have spawned anime adaptations, animation such as Cardcaptor Sakura aired in NHKs Eisei Anime Gekijō time-slot, and Kodansha published a companion-magazine to the NHK childrens show Okāsan to Issho. The two companies often clash editorially, however, the October 2000 issue of Gendai accused NHK of staging footage used in a news report in 1997 on dynamite fishing in Indonesia. NHK sued Kodansha in the Tokyo District Court, which ordered Kodansha to publish a retraction, Kodansha appealed the decision, and reached a settlement where it had to issue only a partial retraction, and to pay no damages. Gendais sister magazine Shūkan Gendai nonetheless published an article which probed further into the controversy which has dogged NHK. Japan Foundation, Japan Foundation Special Prize,1994 and this is a list of the manga magazines published by Kodansha according to their 2012 Company Profile
16.
Dark Horse Comics
–
Dark Horse Comics is an American comic book and manga publisher. It was founded in 1986 by Mike Richardson in Milwaukie, Oregon, Richardson started out by opening his first comic book store, Pegasus Books, in Bend, Oregon, in 1980. From there he was able to use the funds from his operation to start his own publishing company. Frank Millers Sin City is one of the most famous associated with Dark Horse. Today, the arm of the company flourishes despite no longer having its own universe of superpowered characters. Dark Horse also published the English translation of The Legend of Zelda, like Dell and Gold Key, Dark Horse was one of the few major American publishers of comic books never to display the Comics Code Authority seal on its covers. From 1993 to 1996, Dark Horse published a line of comics under the Comics Greatest World imprint. Legend was a book imprint at Dark Horse Comics created in 1994 by Frank Miller. Its logo was a moai drawn by Mike Mignola, later on, other creators were asked to join them. Art Adams Frank Miller John Byrne Mike Mignola Paul Chadwick, Dave Gibbons, Mike Allred Walter Simonson Dark Horse Manga is an imprint for Japanese manga. by Kōsuke Fujishima. Dark Horse also publishes a number of CLAMP titles, including Clover, Chobits, Okimono Kimono, Cardcaptor Sakura, Magic Knight Rayearth, a manga magazine titled Super Manga Blast. was published by Dark Horse starting in the spring of 2000. It was discontinued in December 2005 after 59 issues, Dark Horse also publish a number of Korean manhwa titles, including Banya, The Explosive Delivery Man. Maverick was an imprint for creator owned material, the DH Press imprint publishes novelizations of Dark Horses more popular comic book titles, including Aliens and Predator. DH Press has now been absorbed by DH Books, publications ranging from novels to film books by Leonard Maltin about John Landis, to comic related material such as a biography of Will Eisner, to health books. They have also published a series reprinting Playboy interviews, the M Press imprint was created to publish a diverse list of both literary fiction and non-fiction prose for authors with a unique voice. One such series is Orchid by Tom Morello, published from 2011–2013, the newest addition to M Press is an original graphic novel The Fifth Beatle by Vivek Tiwary, Andrew Robinson, and Kyle Baker, published on November 2013. In 2011, Dark Horse launched their iOS app and online comics store. Any device with a web browser can be used to read Dark Horse comics at their web store
17.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
18.
Adult Swim
–
Adult Swim is a programming block of the American cable network Cartoon Network that operates at night from 8,00 p. m. to 6,00 a. m. It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, the name comes from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults. Much of Adult Swims general content is known for its risqué, unorthodox, the network was granted its own Nielsen ratings report from Cartoon Network due to targeting a separate demographic. In the United States, Adult Swim has frequently aired adult animation features, anime, mockumentaries, sketch comedy, live-action, shows may have sexual themes, frank sexual discussion, nudity, strong language, and graphic violence. While the network features comedies and dramas of all types, many of its programs are aesthetically experimental, transgressive, improvised, Adult Swim has contracted with various studios known for their productions in absurd and shock comedy. In February 2015, Adult Swim was available to approximately 96,390,000 pay-television households in the United States, Cartoon Networks original head programmer Mike Lazzo conceived Adult Swim. The network grew out of Cartoon Networks previous attempts at airing content appropriate for teenagers, the network began experimenting with its late night programming by airing anthology shows like ToonHeads and Late Night Black and White, both of which presented uncensored classic cartoon shorts. Space Ghost Coast to Coast, one of Cartoon Networks first forays into original programming, was created in 1994 specifically for late night audiences. The series was created by Mike Lazzos Ghost Planet Industries, which eventually became Williams Street Studios, during early mornings in December 2000, several new Williams Street series made unannounced stealth premieres. Sealab 2021, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Aqua Teen Hunger Force and The Brak Show all premiered unannounced, the official schedules listed the shows as Special Programming. Adult Swim launched on September 2,2001 with the airing of the Home Movies episode Directors Cut. The first anime broadcast on Adult Swim also aired on the night of its launch, the block initially aired on Sunday nights, with a repeat of the same block on Thursday nights. On March 28,2005, Atlanta-based Turner Broadcasting System began recording Adult Swim Nielsen ratings separately from Cartoon Network for demographic purposes, promotions for Adult Swim are targeted towards the college age and those in their twenties and thirties, constituting the majority of their viewers. Adult Swim also had a direct and important role in the revival of two animated series, the aforementioned Family Guy and Futurama. On March 29,2004, less one year later, Fox announced it would be renewing Family Guy for a fourth season. Futurama was also revived in 2007 by Comedy Central for similar reasons, Adult Swim obtained Futuramas exclusive cable syndication rights in March 2002 for a reported $10 million, and the series first aired on the network in January 2002. These devices were in part of a guerrilla marketing advertising campaign. The next day, Boston authorities arrested two men involved with the incident, on February 5, Turner Broadcasting and marketer Interference, Inc. announced that they would pay $2 million in amends, one million to the city of Boston, and one million in goodwill funds
19.
Toonami
–
Toonami is a brand name geared towards action-oriented programming, primarily consisting of American animation and Japanese anime. Originally an afternoon and evening block on Cartoon Network and ended on September 20,2008, the brand was created by Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco and produced by Williams Street. The name is a portmanteau of the cartoon and tsunami. Toonami initially ran on Cartoon Network from 1997 to 2008, in its original run, the block was famous for showcasing action anime that became widely popular with American audiences. It was also recognized for its distinctive space-themed backdrop, anime music videos, drum and bass-flavored soundtrack, on May 26,2012, Adult Swim relaunched Toonami as an adult-oriented animated block, which continues as a Saturday night action block from its forerunner, Midnight Run. Shows from the lineup have occasionally returned, along with newer shows. Toonami was Cartoon Networks primary action-animation block, the block premiered on March 17,1997. It initially replaced Power Zone, Cartoon Networks most recent incarnation of the Super Adventures block, Toonami was originally a weekday afternoon cartoon and action block hosted by Space Ghost villain-turned-producer Moltar at the Ghost Planet Industries building from 1997 to July 9,1999. It was originally a five-hour Saturday night block at midnight EST until March 2000, when it moved to weeknights in an hour-long format until January 2003. It ran from 1999 to 2003, broadcast from 12,00 am EST to 5,00 am from 1999 to 2000 and it consisted of anime such as Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, Voltron, Robotech, Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, and Outlaw Star. Midnight Run tended to have more blood and violence than its daytime counterpart, another event was Dragon Ball Z taking over the Midnight Run for a week starting on March 26–30,2001. Starting in September 2000, Toonami presented special interactive events known as Total Immersion Events, the first TIE was The Intruder, which introduced T. O. M. s companion, an AI matrix known as S. A. R. A. The Intruder was an eight episode mini-series that aired during Toonami from September 18–27,2000 and it involved the Absolution being attacked by an alien blob known only as the Intruder, which ultimately devoured T. O. M. Though The Intruder resulted in the destruction of T. O. M and he was soon after upgraded by S. A. R. A. From a short Bomberman-esque character to a taller, sleeker, deeper-voiced incarnation dubbed T. O. M, a Saturday morning incarnation, Toonami Rising Sun, ran from 2000 to 2003 at 9,00 am to noon. It later ran from 10,00 am to 1,00 pm and this block was somewhat hampered to avoid competing with sister network Kids WB. From July 30,2001, until June 28,2002, Kids WB aired a Toonami block that was, more or less, the Kids WB lineup with the Toonami name. In spring 2002, Kids WB announced that they would drop the Toonami name from their weekday lineup, fights to save the Absolution from an attack by a giant trash compactor
20.
Japanese language
–
Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 125 million speakers, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic language family, whose relation to language groups, particularly to Korean. Little is known of the prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words, during the Heian period, Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese. Late Middle Japanese saw changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region in the Early Modern Japanese period. Following the end in 1853 of Japans self-imposed isolation, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, English loanwords in particular have become frequent, and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or make questions. Nouns have no number or gender, and there are no articles. Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person, Japanese equivalents of adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener. Japanese has no relationship with Chinese, but it makes extensive use of Chinese characters, or kanji, in its writing system. Along with kanji, the Japanese writing system uses two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. Latin script is used in a fashion, such as for imported acronyms. Very little is known about the Japanese of this period, Old Japanese is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language. Through the spread of Buddhism, the Chinese writing system was imported to Japan, the earliest texts found in Japan are written in Classical Chinese, but they may have been meant to be read as Japanese by the kanbun method. Some of these Chinese texts show the influences of Japanese grammar, in these hybrid texts, Chinese characters are also occasionally used phonetically to represent Japanese particles. The earliest text, the Kojiki, dates to the early 8th century, the end of Old Japanese coincides with the end of the Nara period in 794
21.
Hepburn romanization
–
The system was originally proposed by the Romanization Club in 1885. The revised edition by Romaji-Hirome-kai in 1908 is called standard style romanization, Hepburn is based on English phonology and has competed with the alternative Nihon-shiki romanization, which was developed in Japan as a replacement of Japanese script. In 1930, a Special Romanization Study Commission was appointed to compare the two, the ordinance was temporarily overturned by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers during the Occupation of Japan, but was reissued in 1954. In 1972, a version of Hepburn was codified as ANSI standard Z39. 11-1972. It was proposed in 1989 as a draft for ISO3602, the ANSI Z39. 11-1972 standard was consequently deprecated on October 6,1994. As of 1978, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, in addition The Japan Times, the Japan Travel Bureau, and many other private organizations used Hepburn instead of Kunrei-shiki. The National Diet Library used Kunrei-shiki, although Hepburn is not a government standard, some government agencies mandate it. In many other areas where it de jure status, Hepburn remains the de facto standard. Signs and notices in city offices and police stations, at shrines, temples, English-language newspapers and media use the simplified form of Hepburn. Cities and prefectures use it in information for English-speaking residents and visitors, official tourism information put out by the government uses it, as do guidebooks, local and foreign, on Japan. Many students of Japanese as a foreign language learn Hepburn, there are many variants of Hepburn romanization. The two most common styles are, Traditional Hepburn, as defined in various editions of Hepburns dictionary and this variant is characterized by the rendering of syllabic n as m before the consonants b, m and p, e. g. Shimbashi for 新橋. Modified Hepburn, also known as Revised Hepburn, in which the rendering of syllabic n as m before certain consonants is no longer used, in Japan itself, there are some variants officially mandated for various uses, Railway Standard, which follows the Hyōjun-shiki Rōmaji. All JR railways and other major railways use this type for station names, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Standard, which follows the modified Hepburn style. This is used for road signs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Passport Standard, a permissive standard which explicitly allows the use of non-Hepburn romaji in personal names, notably for passports. In particular, rendering the syllabic n as m before b, m, p, details of these variants can be found below. The romanizations set out in the first and second versions of Hepburns dictionary are primarily of historical interest, supporters argue that Hepburn is not intended as a linguistic tool. The long vowels are indicated by macrons
22.
Anime
–
Anime is Japanese hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the pronunciation of animation in Japanese, where this term references all animation. Arguably, the abstract approach to the words meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product, some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has continued to increase steadily. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media and it is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is an art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It consists of an ideal story-telling mechanism, combining art, characterization, cinematography. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of effects, including panning, zooming. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, the anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japans domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales and it has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that all genres found in cinema. In Japanese, the term refers to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, anime is more used to denote a Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment or as a style of animation created in Japan. The etymology of the anime is disputed. The English term animation is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション and is アニメ in its shortened form, in English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun
23.
Naota Nandaba
–
Other main characters are Mamimi Samejima, Commander Amarao, Canti, Atomsk, and Lieutenant Kitsurubami. Naota Nandaba,12, is the protagonist and his name is derived from the Japanese word for honesty. Unbeknownst to him, he has the kind of head to be used as an N. O. channel. Slightly wise beyond his years and heavily critical of others around him, Naota is cynical, obsessed with appearing mature and his attitude is largely reserved and bitter, though he can be somewhat smug and content at times. Naota idolizes his older brother Tasuku, carrying around Tasukus baseball bat, in Naotas mind, Tasuku is the epitome of what it means to be an adult, as opposed to the other adults in his life who he perceives as being immature. Much like Amarao, Naota is picky about his drinks and hates spicy foods and this being said, Amarao and Naotas childhoods nearly mirror each other. He embraces her with a kiss in the episode, and prior to that breaks down. Despite this, when his chance to be with her comes, he chooses to let her go and his bass is the Rickenbacker 4001 which was Harukos, but she leaves it behind when she takes the new combination of his Gibson Flying V and Atomsks Gibson EB-0. He is voiced by Jun Mizuki in Japanese and Barbara Goodson in English, Mamimi Samejima,17, Tasukus ex-girlfriend, though she is in some sort of relationship with Naota since his brother left Japan. She is a truant high school student with pyromaniacal tendencies, she smokes a lot. She is often seen with a camera, and always smokes a cigarette with Never Knows Best written onto the paper. It is implied that she is bullied at school, causing her to ditch. In episode three, Marquis de Carabas, it is hinted that her parents are separated or gone and she has the peculiar tendency to name people and things Ta-kun, after her personal nickname for Naotas brother. The -kun suffix is an informal and intimate honorific primarily used when addressing males of equal or junior status, Mamimi is likely using Naota as a substitute for Tasuku and therefore refers to him as Ta-kun which can be short for both Naota and Tasuku. Mamimi also calls Tasuku, Tasuku-senpai, since he is an older classmate and she also emanates an aura of benign vapidity that causes much of the cast to look upon her with disdain. In fact, Mamimi can be exceedingly destructive - although only when nobody is watching, Mamimi can be seen as lacking control over her life or willpower, hence the near-constant smoking and childlike reliance on others, whether it is Naota or his older brother Tasuku. This could also explain why she loves taking care of things that are weak-willed, at the end of the series, she leaves Mabase to become a professional photographer. In Naotas monologue at the end of FLCL, he says the last words she said to him leaving to be a photographer were, So long
24.
Haruko Haruhara
–
Other main characters are Mamimi Samejima, Commander Amarao, Canti, Atomsk, and Lieutenant Kitsurubami. Naota Nandaba,12, is the protagonist and his name is derived from the Japanese word for honesty. Unbeknownst to him, he has the kind of head to be used as an N. O. channel. Slightly wise beyond his years and heavily critical of others around him, Naota is cynical, obsessed with appearing mature and his attitude is largely reserved and bitter, though he can be somewhat smug and content at times. Naota idolizes his older brother Tasuku, carrying around Tasukus baseball bat, in Naotas mind, Tasuku is the epitome of what it means to be an adult, as opposed to the other adults in his life who he perceives as being immature. Much like Amarao, Naota is picky about his drinks and hates spicy foods and this being said, Amarao and Naotas childhoods nearly mirror each other. He embraces her with a kiss in the episode, and prior to that breaks down. Despite this, when his chance to be with her comes, he chooses to let her go and his bass is the Rickenbacker 4001 which was Harukos, but she leaves it behind when she takes the new combination of his Gibson Flying V and Atomsks Gibson EB-0. He is voiced by Jun Mizuki in Japanese and Barbara Goodson in English, Mamimi Samejima,17, Tasukus ex-girlfriend, though she is in some sort of relationship with Naota since his brother left Japan. She is a truant high school student with pyromaniacal tendencies, she smokes a lot. She is often seen with a camera, and always smokes a cigarette with Never Knows Best written onto the paper. It is implied that she is bullied at school, causing her to ditch. In episode three, Marquis de Carabas, it is hinted that her parents are separated or gone and she has the peculiar tendency to name people and things Ta-kun, after her personal nickname for Naotas brother. The -kun suffix is an informal and intimate honorific primarily used when addressing males of equal or junior status, Mamimi is likely using Naota as a substitute for Tasuku and therefore refers to him as Ta-kun which can be short for both Naota and Tasuku. Mamimi also calls Tasuku, Tasuku-senpai, since he is an older classmate and she also emanates an aura of benign vapidity that causes much of the cast to look upon her with disdain. In fact, Mamimi can be exceedingly destructive - although only when nobody is watching, Mamimi can be seen as lacking control over her life or willpower, hence the near-constant smoking and childlike reliance on others, whether it is Naota or his older brother Tasuku. This could also explain why she loves taking care of things that are weak-willed, at the end of the series, she leaves Mabase to become a professional photographer. In Naotas monologue at the end of FLCL, he says the last words she said to him leaving to be a photographer were, So long
25.
Manga
–
Manga are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century. They have a long and complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art, the term manga in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. Manga as a term used outside Japan refers to comics published in Japan. In Japan, people of all ages read manga, many manga are translated into other languages. Since the 1950s, manga has become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a ¥406 billion market in Japan in 2007. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience, in Europe and the Middle East the market was worth $250 million in 2012. In 2008, in the U. S. and Canada, the market was valued at $175 million, the markets in France. Manga stories are printed in black-and-white, although some full-color manga exist. In Japan, manga are usually serialized in manga magazines, often containing many stories. If the series is successful, collected chapters may be republished in tankōbon volumes, frequently but not exclusively, a manga artist typically works with a few assistants in a small studio and is associated with a creative editor from a commercial publishing company. If a manga series is popular enough, it may be animated after or even during its run, sometimes manga are drawn centering on previously existing live-action or animated films. Manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in parts of the world, particularly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan. The word manga comes from the Japanese word 漫画, composed of the two kanji 漫 meaning whimsical or impromptu and 画 meaning pictures, rakuten Kitazawa first used the word manga in the modern sense. In Japanese, manga refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, among English speakers, manga has the stricter meaning of Japanese comics, in parallel to the usage of anime in and outside Japan. The term ani-manga is used to describe comics produced from animation cels, writers on manga history have described two broad and complementary processes shaping modern manga. One view emphasizes events occurring during and after the U. S, occupation of Japan, and stresses U. S. cultural influences, including U. S. comics and images and themes from U. S. television, film, and cartoons. Regardless of its source, an explosion of artistic creativity certainly occurred in the period, involving manga artists such as Osamu Tezuka. Astro Boy quickly became popular in Japan and elsewhere
26.
Hulu
–
Hulu is an American subscription video on demand service owned by Hulu LLC, a joint venture with The Walt Disney Company, 21st Century Fox, Comcast, and as of August 10,2016, Time Warner. It is primarily oriented towards television series, carrying current and past episodes of series from its owners respective television networks, the subscription service is, in turn, divided into advertising-supported and mostly ad-free tiers. In 2016, Hulu spun out its content into a joint venture with Yahoo. called Yahoo. View and announced plans for a television streaming service some time in 2017. The name Hulu comes from two Mandarin Chinese words, húlú, calabash, bottle gourd, and hùlù, interactive recording, the company blog explains, In Mandarin, Hulu has two interesting meanings, each highly relevant to our mission. The primary meaning interested us because it is used in an ancient Chinese proverb that describes the Hulu as the holder of precious things and it literally translates to gourd, and in ancient times, the Hulu was hollowed out and used to hold precious things. The secondary meaning is interactive recording and we saw both definitions as appropriate bookends and highly relevant to the mission of Hulu. Key executives instrumental in the founding of Hulu include Bruce Campbell, Peter Chernin, JB Perrette, Michael Lang, Beth Comstock, the venture was announced in March 2006 with AOL, Comcast, Facebook, MSN, Myspace, and Yahoo. planned as initial distribution partners. Kilar was named the CEO in June 2006, the name Hulu was chosen in late August 2007, when the website went live, with an announcement only and no content. It invited users to leave their addresses for the upcoming beta test. In October, Hulu began the private beta testing by invitation, Hulu launched for public access in the United States on March 12,2008. The first product to launch was the HULU Syndication network, which was designed and developed by the NBC Universal team from New York, on October 29,2007, followed by the Hulu. com destinations site. Hulu began a campaign during NBCs broadcast of Super Bowl XLIII with an initial ad starring Alec Baldwin titled Alec in Huluwood. The ad intended to reveal the shocking secret behind Hulu. Advertisements have since aired featuring Eliza Dushku, Seth MacFarlane, Denis Leary, with its investment came a seat on the board of directors, where Providence was said to act as an independent voice on the board. In October 2012, Providence sold its 10 percent stake to Hulus media owners, ComScore says monthly video streams reached 903 million in January 2010, over three times the figure for a year earlier, and second only to YouTube. On August 16,2010, a report revealed that Hulu was planning an Initial Public Offering which could value the company at more than $2 billion. On June 21,2011, The Wall Street Journal reported that an unsolicited offer caused Hulu to begin weighing whether to sell itself
27.
ITunes
–
ITunes is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video on personal computers running the macOS, the iTunes Store is also available on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. Application software for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the App Store. ITunes 12.5 is the most recent major version of iTunes, available for Mac OS X v10.9.5 or later and Windows 7 or later, it was released on September 13,2016. ITunes 12.2 added Apple Music to the application, along with the Beats 1 radio station, soundJam MP, developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in 1998, was renamed iTunes when Apple purchased it in 2000. Jeff Robbin, Kincaid, and Dave Heller moved to Apple as part of the acquisition and they simplified SoundJams user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support. On January 9,2001, iTunes 1.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco, originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X when version 2.0 was released nine months later, which also added support for the original iPod. Version 3 dropped Mac OS9 support but added smart playlists, in April 2003, version 4.0 introduced the iTunes Store, in October, version 4.1 added support for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Introduced at Macworld 2005 with the new iPod Shuffle, Version 4.7, Version 7.0 introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September 2006. In March 2007, iTunes 7.1 added support for Windows Vista, iTunes lacked support for 64-bit versions of Windows until the 7.6 update on January 16,2008. ITunes is supported under any 64-bit version of Windows Vista, although the iTunes executable is still 32-bit, the 64-bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems. Version 8.0 added Genius playlists, grid view, iTunes 9 added Homeshare, enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved app synchronization abilities and it also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which provides additional media with an album. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD, both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript and CSS. iTunes acts as a front end for Apples QuickTime media framework. Officially, it is required in order to manage the data of an iPod, iPhone, or iPad. In addition, users are able to add PDF files to their library, the PDFs can be synchronized with and read on several devices except the regular iPod. iTunes 8.0 saw the removal of several options in the Preferences window. For example, iTunes once gave users the option to display arrows beside the selected songs title, artist, album and these arrows are no longer removable, except through the direct editing of a preferences file. ITunes keeps track of songs by creating a library, allowing users to access
28.
Toho
–
Toho Co. Ltd. is a Japanese film, theater production, and distribution company. It has its headquarters in Yūrakuchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is one of the companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group. Other famous directors, including Yasujirō Ozu, Kenji Mizoguchi, Masaki Kobayashi, Tohos most famous creation is Godzilla, who features in 29 of the companys films. Godzilla, Mothra, King Ghidorah, Mechagodzilla, and Rodan are described as Tohos Big Five because of the numerous appearances in all three eras of the franchise, as well as spin-offs. Toho has also involved in the production of numerous anime titles. Its subdivisions are Toho-Towa Distribution, Toho Pictures Incorporated, Toho International Company Limited, Company Limited, and Toho Music Corporation & Toho Costume Company Limited. The company is the largest shareholder of Fuji Media Holdings Inc, Toho was created by the founder of Hankyu Railway, Ichizo Kobayashi, in 1932 as the Tokyo-Takarazuka Theater Company. It was known as the Toho Theatre from the late 1960s until the 1970s, Toho also had a theater in San Francisco and opened a theater in New York City in 1963. The Shintoho Company, which existed until 1964, was named New Toho because it broke off from the original company, the company has contributed to the production of some American films, including Sam Raimis 1998 film, A Simple Plan. Detective Conan, Captured in Her Eyes Pocket Monsters, Lord of the Unknown Tower – Entei Godzilla vs. Takao vs. Godzilla, Mothra, Mechagodzilla, doraemon, Nobitas Space Heroes Assassination Classroom Crayon Shin-chan, My Moving Story. Godman Warrior Of Love, Rainbowman Meteor Man Zone Ike, jenny Belle and Sebastian Igano Kabamaru Touch Kimagure Orange Road Godzilla Midori Days Psycho-Pass Yowamushi Pedal Akame ga Kill. Blood Blockade Battlefront My Hero Academia Three Leaves, Three Colors Little Witch Academia In more recent years and for a period, one of their first video game was the 1990 NES game titled Circus Caper. Later, they followed with a series of games based on Godzilla and it also published games such as Super Aleste. They even worked with Bandai on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, released in Japan in 1988, Tohos headquarters, the Toho Hibiya Building, are in Yūrakuchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company moved into its current headquarters in April 2005, tohoScope Tomisaburo Wakayama Mushroom Clouds and Mushroom Men - The Fantastic Cinema of Ishiro Honda, Peter H. Brothers. Toho Studios Story, A History and Complete Filmography Stuart Galbraith IV Official website Official Tohos YouTube channel, Toho Pictures official website TOHO-TOWA Company, Limited official website TOWA PICTURES Company, Ltd. official website Toho at Anime News Networks encyclopedia
29.
April Fools' Day
–
April Fools Day is celebrated every year on April 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. The jokes and their victims are called April fools, people playing April Fool jokes expose their prank by shouting April Fool. Some newspapers, magazines, and other published media report fake stories, although popular since the 19th century, the day is not a public holiday in any country. Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales contains the first recorded association between April 1 and foolishness, the custom of setting aside a day for the playing of harmless pranks upon ones neighbor is recognized widely throughout the world. Some precursors of April Fools Day include the Roman festival of Hilaria, in Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the Nuns Priests Tale is set Syn March bigan thritty dayes and two. Modern scholars believe there is a copying error in the extant manuscripts. Thus the passage originally meant 32 days after March, i. e.2 May, the anniversary of the engagement of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia, readers apparently misunderstood this line to mean 32 March, i. e. April 1. In Chaucers tale, the vain cock Chauntecleer is tricked by a fox, in 1508, French poet Eloy dAmerval referred to a poisson d’avril, a possible reference to the holiday. In 1539, Flemish poet Eduard de Dene wrote of a nobleman who sent his servants on foolish errands on April 1, in 1686, John Aubrey referred to the holiday as Fooles holy day, the first British reference. On April 1,1698, several people were tricked into going to the Tower of London to see the Lions washed, in the Middle Ages, New Years Day was celebrated on March 25 in most European towns. In some areas of France, New Years was a week-long holiday ending on April 1, some writers suggest that April Fools originated because those who celebrated on January 1 made fun of those who celebrated on other dates. The use of January 1 as New Years Day was common in France by the century. In the Netherlands, the origin of April Fools Day is often attributed to the Dutch victory at Brielle in 1572, op 1 april verloor Alva zijn bril. is a Dutch proverb, which can be translated to, On the first of April, Alva lost his glasses. In this case, the serve as a metaphor for Brielle. This theory, however, provides no explanation for the celebration of April Fools Day. Although no Biblical scholar or historian are known to have mentioned a relationship, in a 1908 edition of the Harpers Weekly cartoonist newspaper, Bertha R. McDonald wrote, authorities gravely back with it to the time of Noah, in the UK, an April Fool joke is revealed by shouting April fool. At the recipient, who becomes the April fool, a study in the 1950s, by folklorists Iona and Peter Opie, found that in the UK, and in countries whose traditions derived from the UK, the joking ceased at midday
30.
Vespa
–
Vespa is an Italian brand of scooter manufactured by Piaggio. The name means wasp in Italian, the Vespa has evolved from a single model motor scooter manufactured in 1946 by Piaggio & Co. S. p. A. of Pontedera, Italy to a line of scooters. Post World War II Italy, in light of its agreement to cessation of war activities with the Allies, had its aircraft industry severely restricted in capability and capacity. Piaggio emerged from the conflict with its Pontedera fighter plane plant demolished by bombing, italys crippled economy and the disastrous state of the roads did not assist in the re-development of the automobile markets. In 1944, Piaggio engineers Renzo Spolti and Vittorio Casini designed a motorcycle with bodywork fully enclosing the drivetrain, in addition to the bodywork, the design included handlebar-mounted controls, forced air cooling, wheels of small diameter, and a tall central section that had to be straddled. Officially known as the MP5, the prototype was nicknamed Paperino, Piaggio was displeased with the MP5, especially the tall central section. He contracted aeronautical engineer Corradino DAscanio, to redesign the scooter, dAscanios MP6 prototype had its engine mounted beside the rear wheel. The wheel was directly from the transmission, eliminating the drive chain. The prototype had a unit spar frame with stress-bearing steel outer panels and these changes allowed the MP6 to have a step-through design without a centre section like that of the MP5 Paperino. The MP6 design also included a single sided front suspension, interchangeable front and rear mounted on stub axles. Other features of the MP6 were similar to those on the Paperino, including the handlebar-mounted controls, upon seeing the MP6 for the first time, Enrico Piaggio exclaimed, Sembra una vespa. Piaggio effectively named his new scooter on the spot, Vespa is both Latin and Italian for wasp—derived from the vehicles body shape, The thicker rear part connected to the front part by a narrow waist, and the steering rod resembled antennae. On 23 April 1946, at 12 oclock in the office for inventions, models and makes of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce in Florence. S. p. A. took out a patent for a motorcycle of a complexity of organs and elements combined with a frame with mudguards. The basic patented design allowed a series of features to be deployed on the spar-frame that would allow quick development of new models. The original Vespa featured a rear seat for a passenger. The fuel cap was located underneath the seat, which saved the cost of a lock on the fuel cap or need for additional metal work on the smooth skin
31.
Rickenbacker 4001
–
The Rickenbacker 4001 is a bass guitar that was manufactured by Rickenbacker as a two-pickup deluxe version of their first production bass, the single-pickup model 4000. This famed design was manufactured between 1961 and 1981, when it was replaced by a version dubbed the Rickenbacker 4003. Variant models of the 4001 include the 4001S, 4001LH,1999, 4001V63, 4001CS and the 4001C64S C Series, there is also a Lemmy Kilmister signature version of the instrument. Rickenbacker also produced six-string and 12 string guitars and a short-scale bass, the 4001S model varies in its use of dot inlays, and unbound neck construction. The Rickenbacker 4003, which replaced the 4001, differs in the truss rod design, fast fret wear was a common complaint for many years, and Rickenbacker sought to address the issue. Other features remained similar to its forebearer, simon Johns of Stereolab Jesse F. E. M. The World, played by the title character, the Azureglo variant also appears in the anime series FLCL, used by the character Haruko Haruhara as both an instrument and a weapon
32.
Portals in fiction
–
The word portal in science fiction and fantasy generally refers to a technological or magical doorway that connects two distant locations separated by spacetime. It usually consists of two or more gateways, with an object entering one gateway leaving via the other instantaneously. Places linked by a portal include a different spot in the universe, a parallel world, the past or the future. A parallel world, such as C. S. Lewiss Wood between the Worlds in his Chronicles of Narnia, may exist solely to contain multiple portals, Portals are similar to the cosmological concept of a wormhole, and some portals work using wormholes. Portals are often used in fiction to move protagonists into new territory. In video games the concept is used to allow the player to cover territory that has already been explored very quickly. A related book plot that is used is the struggle to get to the opposite end of a new gate for the first time. In film and television, a portal is often portrayed using a ripple effect, Star Trek, The Original Series, One of the earliest examples is the Guardian of Forever, in Star Trek. The device could open a portal to any point in history on any world in the universe. It was ring-shaped, with an event horizon. This device was introduced in the Star Trek, The Original Series episode The City on the Edge of Forever in 1967. Other examples of portals include, Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Portals appeared in the series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Cowboy Bebop, In the anime Cowboy Bebop, hyperspace gates allow for faster—though not instantaneous—travel between the planets and colonies of our solar system. Donnie Darko, In the movie Donnie Darko a portal appears on a cinema screen, a fictional book within the film serves as the basis for fan theories about time travel, parallel universes and portals. Doraemon, A more lighthearted use of portals can be found in the Japanese comic and anime series Doraemon and this door looks like and operates like an ordinary household door. They can be used by characters with abilities, and are usually of a yellow colour. Sometimes they can have a pink or purple appearance, in some instances a portal allows travel from one place to another in just a few moments. In other cases, the travels through a separate dimension. Jackie Chan Adventures, In the cartoon series Jackie Chan Adventures, the portals could be opened again
33.
Crystal Pepsi
–
Crystal Pepsi is a soft drink made by PepsiCo. It was sold from 1992 to 1993 in the United States and Canada, Crystal Pepsi was sold for a longer time in Europe during the early 1990s. In the early 1990s, a marketing fad equating clarity with purity began with the remake of Ivory soap from its classic milky solution, Crystal Pepsi was marketed as a caffeine-free clear alternative to normal colas, equating clarity with purity and health. Its marketing slogan was Youve never seen a taste like this, in 1992, PepsiCo introduced Crystal Pepsi to test markets in Denver, Sacramento, Dallas, Providence, and Grand Rapids, and the product generated a positive response. Pleased with the results, PepsiCo launched the cola on April 12,1992, a large marketing campaign was launched, for which the company invented the worlds first photo-realistic, computer-generated bus wrap printing. A series of advertisements featuring Van Halens hit song Right Now premiered on national television on January 31,1993. Another marketing ploy was to give out full sized sample bottles with the Sunday paper deliveries such as the Boston Globe in Massachusetts, in its first year, Crystal Pepsi captured a full percentage point of U. S. soft drink sales, approximately $474 million. Coca-Cola followed suit by launching Tab Clear on December 14,1992, initial sales were good but quickly fell. By fall 1993, Pepsi pulled the drink off the market, Pepsi returned several months later with a reformulated citrus/cola hybrid titled Crystal From Pepsi, but that was short-lived as well. Zyman said Pepsi spent an amount of money on the brand and, regardless. Both of them were dead within six months, in 2005, a new clear Pepsi was sold in Mexico as Pepsi Clear for a limited time. On August 22,2008, PepsiCo filed for trademarks on the product names Pepsi Clear, novak is credited with introducing the Crystal Pepsi concept. In a December 2007 interview, he stated, It was a learning experience. I still think its the best idea I ever had, a lot of times as a leader you think, They dont get it, they dont see my vision. People were saying we should stop and address some issues along the way and it would have been nice if Id made sure the product tasted good. Once you have an idea and you blow it, you dont get a chance to resurrect it. In March 2015, a campaign to bring back Crystal Pepsi began. The interest from this led to an official response by PepsiCo
34.
Broccoli (company)
–
Broccoli Co. Ltd. is a Japanese media company that publishes manga, anime, and video games through its various subsidiaries. Broccoli is the parent company of Broccoli Music Publishing, Broccoli International USA, Broccoli also published manga under Broccoli Books. Broccoli is well known for the Di Gi Charat franchise and series, satsuki Yamashita, the editor of Broccoli Books, explained that the company derived its presidents desire to create a memorable name similar to the memorability of Apple Inc. While trying to imagine of another fruit or vegetable, he arrived at broccoli and this coincidentally has the same name in every language. On January 23,2008, Broccoli announced it would be collaborating with rival Animate to form a new company called AniBro, Broccoli holds 30% ownership of the company, which is managed by the CEO of Animate. Headquartered at the Akihabara, Japan location, the stores has locations throughout Japan, the first Gamers opened in Ikebukuro, a district of Tokyo, Japan in July 1996, but closed its doors on January 15,2006. Broccoli opened a store in Los Angeles, California, Anime Gamers USA, on November 20,2008, Broccoli announced that they would be withdrawing from the US market and closed down shop, shortly afterward. Broccoli Books was a subsidiary that published manga in North America and it had a boys love imprint, Boysenberry Books, that launched in 2007. It ceased operations in December 2008 and all the titles reverted to the Japanese holders, the Synch-Point division produces English-language versions of anime and manga for North American distribution. Originally started as the division for Digital Manga in 2001. They went on a hiatus in March 2005, before shutting down in 2008
35.
Blu-ray
–
Blu-ray or Blu-ray Disc is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format, in that it is capable of storing high-definition, the plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Conventional Blu-ray Disc discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs being the standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs and quadruple layers are available for BD-XL re-writer drives, the name Blu-ray refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs. The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as films and physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4. Besides the hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats, high-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray discs with up to 2160p resolution, at up to 60 frames per second. DVD discs had been limited to a resolution of 480p or 576p. The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be developed until its release in June 2006. During the high definition disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008. According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the US were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales, Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand and the continued sale of DVDs. As of January 2016, 44% of U. S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player, the information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following protracted development, blue laser diodes operating at 405 nanometers became available on a production basis, Sony started two projects in collaboration with Philips applying the new diodes, UDO, and DVR Blue, a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc. The core technologies of the formats are similar, the first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000 by Sony. A trademark for the Blue Disc logo was filed February 9,2001, on February 19,2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members. The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10,2003, the Sony BDZ-S77, but there was no standard for prerecorded video, and no movies were released for this player. On October 4,2004, the name Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association, the Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004
_anime_logo.svg){kind=logo}
