FOCAL (programming language)
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FOCAL is an interactive interpreted programming language based on JOSS and mostly used on Digital Equipment Corporation PDP series machines.
PDP-8 punched tapes, including a FOCAL-69 tape dated 7/9/69
JOSS
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JOSS was one of the first interactive, time-sharing programming languages. It pioneered many features that would become common in languages from the 1960s into the 1980s, including use of line numbers
FOCAL (programming language)
…acronym for Formulating On-line Calculations in Algebraic Language, or FOrmula CALculator) is an interactive interpreted programming language based on JOSS and mostly used on Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP series machines. JOSS was designed to be an interactive language to allow programs to be…
Part of a JOSS session at RAND in 1970 in which the user carries several simple calculations in direct mode. Note the difference between the period at the end of the statements and the interpunct for multiplication.
JOSS used a custom type ball, similar to this example, for its IBM Selectric typewriter terminals to provide mathematical symbols.