1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Disclosure (band)
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Disclosure are an English electronic music duo consisting of brothers Howard and Guy Lawrence. The siblings grew up in Reigate, Surrey and their debut studio album, Settle, released on 3 June 2013, by PMR Records, was nominated for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards. They released a studio album, Caracal, on 25 September 2015 which was also nominated for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards. In January 2017, they announced they would be going on hiatus, Guy started playing the drums at the age of three, and Howard started playing the bass at the age of eight. Both also learned to play the guitar and the piano and Howard to sing and they both attended the Reigate College. During this period, the boys studied music and music technology, whilst Guy was attending at the Reigate College, he enjoyed studying classical music, especially the likes of Bach and Claude Debussy. The duos first single Offline Dexterity was released on 29 August 2010 and they signed to the new PMR record label on its formation in January 2011, and released their second single Carnival/I Love. That You Know on 13 June 2011. This got them a management deal with Sam Evitt and Jack Streets Method Management who they are managed by. Disclosure picked up their first significant national radio support upon the release of the Tenderly / Flow single in January 2012, the single led to significant interest in the subsequent June 2012 EP The Face, released on Greco-Roman. The group maintained their momentum into 2013 – they were voted into the BBC Radio 1xtra Hot Ten For 2013 and these three singles were collected on an EP, The Singles.1 score on Pitchfork. They performed twice at Glastonbury Festival 2013 and appeared on Later, the album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Album. The same year, they established the record label Method Records, its roster includes Friend Within, Karen Harding, Lxury, a sub label was introduced in February 2015, called Method White, releasing more underground tracks through it. The first release was Wolfsbane by Jonas Rathsman, since then M. J. Cole and Eats Everything have released tracks through the label. The week of its release, Caracal earned the group their second number one album in the UK Albums Chart. The music videos for singles from the album published on YouTube are interconnected and follow a story line. The videos follow a woman in a sci-fi, dystopian world who is, for some unknown reason. Three singles were released prior to the album, Omen, Holding On, two promotional singles were also released, Willing and Able and Hourglass. The album was released on 25 September 2015, by PMR Records, the album was also nominated for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards
3.
Settle (album)
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Settle is the debut studio album by English electronic music duo Disclosure, released on 31 May 2013, by Island Records. A deluxe edition of the album contains four tracks, including Disclosures remix of Jessie Wares song, Running. Settle received widespread praise and was nominated for the 2013 Mercury Prize. The album debuted at one on the UK Albums Chart. It was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry on 4 April 2014, in the United States, the album reached number one on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart with 10,000 units sold after a promotional discount on Google Play Music. It has sold 165,000 copies in the United States as of September 2015, a remix of the album, titled Settle, The Remixes, was released on 16 and 17 December 2013 in the United Kingdom and United States, respectively. Latch was released as the single from the album on 8 October 2012. The song peaked at eleven on the UK Singles Chart. It also charted in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, France, the Netherlands, white Noise was released as the second single from the album on 1 February 2013. The song reached two on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Disclosures highest-peaking single to date. It also charted in Belgium and Ireland and you & Me was released as the third single from the album on 28 April 2013. The song peaked at ten on the UK Singles Chart. F for You was released as the single on 2 August 2013. The song charted at number twenty in the UK, the single was re-released on 5 February 2014 with Mary J. Blige providing guest vocals. Help Me Lose My Mind was released as the fifth single on 25 October 2013. The song reached number fifty-six on the UK Singles Chart, voices was released as the albums sixth single on 13 December 2013. Settle received widespread acclaim from music critics, at Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, based on 31 reviews. Regardless, much like Daft Punks latest effort, Settle is an album that brings some sorely needed intelligence back to joyous dance-pop
4.
Island Records
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Island Records is a major record label that operates as a division of UMG Recordings, Inc. It was founded by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong in Jamaica in 1959, Blackwell sold the label to PolyGram in 1989. Three Island labels exist in the world, Island UK, Island US, and Island Australia, current key people of Island Records include Island president Darcus Beese, OBE and MD Jon Turner. Partially due to the labels significant legacy, Island remains one of UMGs pre-eminent record labels, Island Records was founded in Jamaica on 4 July 1959 by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall and Leslie Kong, and partially financed by Stanley Borden from RKO. Its name was inspired by the Harry Belafonte song Island in the Sun. Blackwell explained in 2009, “I loved music so much, I just wanted to get into it, or be as close to it as I could. ”Tom Hayes, the labels sales manager between 1965 and 1967, referred to the early period of the label in the UK as “organized chaos”. “My Boy Lollipop”, sung by Millie Small, was the labels first success in the UK, Blackwell explained in a 50-year-anniversary documentary that he was only interested in building long-term careers at that stage in time, rather than short-term projects. Suzette Newman has been a colleague of Chris Blackwells since working together in the early days of Island Records. Suzette Newman and Chris Salewicz were the editors for the book “The Story of Island Records, Blackwell relocated to England in May 1962 to garner greater levels of attention after the local Jamaican sound systems proved to be overwhelmingly successful. The vast majority of the artists who had signed to Blackwells fledgling label while he was in Jamaica agreed to allow the entrepreneur to release their music in the UK. While in England, Blackwell travelled throughout the city carrying his stock with him and he did not provide any copies to radio stations, as they would not play any of the Island music, the music was also not reviewed by the press. Meanwhile, Goodall left to start the Doctor Bird record label in 1965, Blackwell signed the Spencer Davis Group to the label. The group became popular and Island started their own independent series to spotlight UK rock talent. They signed artists like John Martyn, Fairport Convention, Free, by the late 1960s and early 1970s, they were a major label in England with artists like Roxy Music, King Crimson, Traffic, The Wailers, and many others. Blackwell had signed Bob Marley, and now Toots and the Maytals, in November 2016, Jackie Jackson described the formation of the group in a radio interview for Kool 97 FM Jamaica. Accompanied by Paul Douglas and Radcliffe Dougie Bryan in studio, Jackson explained, Were all original members of Toots, first it was Toots and the Maytals, three guys, Toots, Raleigh, and Jerry. …And then they were signed to Island Records, Chris Blackwell, and we were their recording band. One day we were summoned to Chris house, and he says, Alright gentleman, I think its time
5.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
6.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
7.
You & Me (Disclosure song)
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You & Me is a song by British electronic garage-house duo Disclosure, it features the vocals from Eliza Doolittle. It was released as a download in the United Kingdom on 28 April 2013. The track is the single from the duos debut studio album. The song was written by Howard Lawrence, Guy Lawrence, James Napier, Eliza Caird and it has gained popularity through the Flume remix. A music video to accompany the release of You & Me was first released onto YouTube on 25 April 2013 at a length of four minutes. The video also shows Tim doing various Parkour moves including running, climbing, vaulting and jumping, Eliza Doolittle does not appear in the music video while Disclosure makes a cameo at the concert. Lewis Corner of Digital Spy gave the song a positive review and it also entered at number six on the UK Dance Chart, number 27 on the Scottish Single Chart and has also charted in Belgium. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
