Fadayan-e Islam is a Shia fundamentalist group in Iran with a strong activist political and terrorist orientation. The group was founded in 1946, and registered as a political party in 1989. It was founded by a theology student, Navvab Safavi. Safavi sought to purify Islam in Iran by ridding it of 'corrupting individuals' by means of carefully planned assassinations of certain leading intellectual and political figures.

Fedayeen [note A] is an Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign.