Fado is a music genre which can be traced to the 1820s in Lisbon, Portugal, but probably has much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that "the only reliable information on the history of fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today."
Fado, painting by José Malhoa (1910)
Portuguese guitar
Maria Severa, fado singer (1820–1846)
Coimbra students playing fado in a serenade at the front door of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Sé Velha)
Saudade is an emotional state of melancholic or profoundly nostalgic longing for a beloved yet absent something or someone. It derives from the Latin word for solitude. It is often associated with a repressed understanding that one might never encounter the object of longing ever again. It is a recollection of feelings, experiences, places, or events, often elusive, that cause a sense of separation from the exciting, pleasant, or joyous sensations they once caused. Duarte Nunes Leão defines saudade as, "Memory of something with a desire for it."
Saudade (1899), by Almeida Júnior
Saudades de Nápoles (Missing Naples), 1895 by Bertha Worms.
Cape Verdean pop singer Cesária Évora had her biggest hit singing about saudade