Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Alba, Grandee of Spain, was a commander in the Spanish army during the Eighty Years' War.
Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, IV Duke of Alba.
Siege of Haarlem
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The siege of Haarlem was an episode of the Eighty Years' War. From 11 December 1572 to 13 July 1573 an army of Philip II of Spain laid bloody siege to the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands, whose loy
Bird's eye view of Haarlem and its surroundings during the Siege (south up), in a copper engraving published in 1573 by Antonio Lafreri. The spanish troops and their camps are depicted in the foreground
Wigbolt Ripperda inspiring the citizens of Haarlem in the Doelen not to give in to the Spanish army.
"Beleg van Haarlem" a Dutch propaganda engraving of 1573 shows mass hangings and beheadings, and cartloads of bodies flung in the river.
Stained glass window in St.-Bavokerk by Friso ten Holt (1980), commemorating the siege of Haarlem