1.
Sundance Film Festival
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The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29,2017. Sundance began in Salt Lake City in August 1978, as the Utah/US Film Festival in an effort to more filmmakers to Utah. It was founded by Sterling Van Wagenen, John Earle, the 1978 festival featured films such as Deliverance, A Streetcar Named Desire, Midnight Cowboy, Mean Streets, and The Sweet Smell of Success. The festival also highlighted the work of filmmakers who worked outside the Hollywood system. The jury of the 1978 festival was headed by Gary Allison, and included Verna Fields, Linwood G. Dunn, Katharine Ross, Charles E. Sellier Jr. Mark Rydell, and Anthea Sylbert. More than 60 films were screened at the festival that year, also that year, the first Frank Capra Award went to Jimmy Stewart. The festival also made a profit for the first time, in 1980, Catania left the festival to pursue a production career in Hollywood. Several factors helped propel the growth of Utah/US Film Festival, first was the involvement of actor and Utah resident Robert Redford, who became the festivals inaugural chairman. By having Redfords name associated with the festival, it received great attention, secondly, the country was hungry for more venues that would celebrate American-made films as the only other festival doing so at the time was the USA Film Festival in Dallas. Response in Hollywood was unprecedented as major studios did all they could to contribute their resources, in 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and changed the dates from September to January. It was called the US Film and Video Festival, in 1984, the now well-established Sundance Institute, headed by Sterling Van Wagenen, took over management of the US Film Festival. The branding and marketing transition from the US Film Festival to the Sundance Film Festival was managed under the direction of Colleen Allen, Allen Advertising Inc. by appointment of Robert Redford. In 1991 the festival was renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Redfords character The Sundance Kid from the film Butch Cassidy. The majority of the screenings, including the festivals premieres. The 2013 Sundance London Festival was held April 25–28,2013, Sundance London 2014 took place on April 25–27,2014 at the O2 arena. The Sundance London 2015 Festival was cancelled in an announcement on January 16,2015, Sundance London will return to London in 2016 from June 10–12 at Picturehouse Cinema in Londons West End
Sundance Film Festival
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Sundance Film Festival
2.
Point Reyes
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Point Reyes is a prominent cape and popular Northern California tourist destination on the Pacific coast. It is located in Marin County approximately 30 miles west-northwest of San Francisco, the term is often applied to the Point Reyes Peninsula, the region bounded by Tomales Bay on the northeast and Bolinas Lagoon on the southeast. The headland is protected as part of Point Reyes National Seashore, the cape protects Drakes Bay on its southern side. The headland is largely drained by Drakes Estero, Drakes Bay and Drakes Estero are named after English seafarer Sir Francis Drake who possibly hauled his ship, the Golden Hinde, up onto the beach for repairs in June 1579. Inverness Ridge runs along the peninsulas northwest-southeast spine, with forested peaks around 430 meters, west of the ridge, the land flattens out and the vegetation turns to scrub. The Mount Vision fire in 1995 burned part of Inverness Ridge, Point Reyes lends its name to the town of Point Reyes Station. The point may once have known as Lobes Lighthouse by the sailors of clipper ships on the meat trade. The Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno named the land Punto de los Reyes when his ship, Point Reyes first inhabitants, the Coast Miwok, lived on the land for thousands of years. They left evidence of well over a hundred encampments on the peninsula, although they did not cultivate the land, they used the plentiful acorns as a staple part of their diet by removing the tannic acid and making a pulp that was stored in dry granaries. Although the exact location of Sir Francis Drakes 1579 anchorage at Point Reyes is still being debated, observations, presumably written by his chaplain, describe the genial welcome Drake and his men received, complete with ceremony and gifts. In 1992, Coast Miwok descendants established the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria and, today, they enjoy a rebirth of traditional customs and ceremonies, often held in Kule Loklo, Valley of the Bear, a replica Miwok village in Point Reyes National Seashore. The exact location of his landing, significant as the first European landing in Northern California, has sparked countless hours of spirited debate spanning four centuries, some experts believe, however, that he landed somewhere near the area on June 17,1579 and proclaimed it Nova Albion. Most likely, as validated by a National Historic Landmark designation, rumors of Drakes discovery of a safe harbor on the California coast intrigued the Spanish. Their trade between the Philippines and Mexico was booming, and they were constantly seeking safe harbors along their route, within a few days, a November storm beached the ship where it listed and was relentlessly pounded by the furious surf. It soon broke apart, killing men and dumping the precious cargo, some of which was eventually collected. Cermeno salvaged a small, open launch, likened to a large canoe, after a grueling two-month voyage, remembered as a remarkable feat of seamanship, Cermeno and all crew arrived safely in Acapulco in January 1596. Despite his amazing journey, Cermeno received no celebratory welcome, for he had not only lost his ship and cargo, despite reports of a lovely land populated by friendly tribes, Spain neglected California until the second half of the 18th century. By that time, trade had become an important source of income, when England, France, and Russia began to covet Californias coast, the King of Spain knew it was time to fortify it
Point Reyes
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Much of the peninsula's coastline is made up of rocky cliffs, though there are also expansive sandy beaches.
Point Reyes
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Point Reyes Aerial View
Point Reyes
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South Beach and Point Reyes Peninsula
Point Reyes
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Point Reyes Lighthouse built in 1870.
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
5.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
Film
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A vintage Fox movietone motion picture camera
Film
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The
Berlin Wintergarten theatre was the site of the first
cinema ever, with a short film presented by the
Skladanowsky brothers on 1 November 1895. The image depicts a July 1940
variety show.
Film
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A shot from
Georges Méliès Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
Film
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This
16 mm spring-wound
Bolex "H16" Reflex camera is a popular entry level camera used in
film schools.
6.
Actress
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
Actress
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Actors from the
Comédie-Française c. 1720.
Actress
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Actors
Jim Brochu and
Steve Schalchlin performing in the
play The Big Voice: God or Merman
Actress
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Actress
Margaret Hughes c. 1670
Actress
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Recording a radio play in the Netherlands (1949),
Spaarnestad Photo
7.
Dorothy Gale
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Dorothy Gale is the fictional protagonist of many of the Oz novels by the American author L. Frank Baum. Her best friend is Ozs ruler Princess Ozma, Dorothy first appears in Baums classic childrens novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 movie adaptation of the book. In later books, Oz steadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas, Dorothys best friend Princess Ozma officially makes her a princess of Oz later in the book series. An influence on the creation of Dorothy appears to be the Alice books of Lewis Carroll, Dorothys character was probably named after Baums own niece, Dorothy Louise Gage, who died in infancy. Baums wife was very attached to her and was grieved by her death. Elements of Dorothy Gales character are derived from Matilda Joslyn Gage. Dorothy Gage is buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Bloomington, Illinois, Dorothys last name is never mentioned in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz or The Marvelous Land of Oz, the first two Oz books. It is disclosed in the third book Ozma of Oz, the last name of Gale was originally mentioned in Baums script for the 1902 Broadway stage version of The Wizard of Oz, in which it was originally a setup for a punning joke. In the Oz books, Dorothy is an orphan raised by her aunt, whether Aunt Em or Uncle Henry is Dorothys blood relative remains unclear. Uncle Henry makes reference to Dorothys mother in The Emerald City of Oz, in many of the Oz books, Dorothy is the main heroine of the story. She is often seen with her best friend and the ruler of Oz and she brazenly rebuffs Princess Langwideres threat to take her head for her collection — Well, I blieve you wont. This aspect of her character was lessened by her companionship of Ozma, in whom Baum placed the greater level of wisdom. Dorothy has several pets, including her white/pink/purple kitten, Eureka. Popular in crossword puzzles is Dorothys cow, Imogene, from the 1902 stage version, eric Shanowers novel, The Giant Garden of Oz, features a cow named Imogene. She becomes princess of Oz and Ozmas companion essentially marrying the queen, in Jack Snows The Magical Mimics in Oz, Ozma places Dorothy on the throne of Oz while she is away visiting Queen Lurlines fairy band. The magic of Oz keeps Dorothy young, in The Lost King of Oz, a Wish Way carries Dorothy to a film set in Hollywood, California. She begins to age rapidly to her late 20s, making up for at least some of the years that have already passed
Dorothy Gale
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Dorothy Gale holds the charmed silver shoes--illustration by
W. W. Denslow (1900)
Dorothy Gale
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Dorothy Gale, Uncle Henry and Aunt Em on the Kansas farm--illustration by W.W. Denslow for the first edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900).
Dorothy Gale
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Dorothy Gale, as depicted by
John R. Neill. Neill's version of Dorothy has been highly criticized for looking too fashion forward and glamorous, as Dorothy is supposed to be just a little orphan girl from early 1900s Kansas. But Neill's illustration of Dorothy is usually cited by fans of the book series as the way they see and interpret the character.
Dorothy Gale
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Judy Garland from the trailer for the 1939 film
The Wizard of Oz.
8.
Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
Walt Disney Company
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The
Walt Disney Studios (corporate headquarters).
Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company
Walt Disney Company
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The building in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz which was home to the studio from 1923 to 1926
Walt Disney Company
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Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932).
9.
Return to Oz
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Return to Oz is a 1985 fantasy adventure film directed and written by Walter Murch, an editor and sound designer, co-written by Gill Dennis and produced by Paul Maslansky. It stars Nicol Williamson as the rock creature Nome King, Jean Marsh as Princess Mombi, Piper Laurie as Aunt Em, Matt Clark as Uncle Henry and introduces Fairuza Balk as Dorothy Gale. It is loosely based on L. Frank Baums Oz novels, mainly The Marvelous Land of Oz and Ozma of Oz, yet is set six months after the events of the first novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz took place. Although it is not a sequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz, it does borrow a few elements from it. Upon her second arrival, Dorothy, alongside her pet chicken Billina, befriend a group of new companions, including Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, together they set out on a quest to save Oz and restore it to its former glory. Murch was interested in making another Oz story, while Disney had a long failed history of producing an adaptation of Baums novels dating back to the 1930s. Disney bought the rights to his novels in the 1950s, after Return to Oz, Disney lost the film rights to the Oz novels, and they were subsequently reverted to the public domain. However, Return to Oz performed well outside the U. S and is considered by fans as a faithful adaptation of the book series than the 1939 classic. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects, in October 1899, six months after returning home from the Land of Oz, Dorothy Gale is melancholic. Her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry take her to Dr. Worley, known for his electrotherapy treatments, during a thunderstorm, the lab suffers a blackout and Dorothy is saved by a mysterious girl. They escape with Nurse Wilson in pursuit, and fall into a river, Dorothy clambers aboard a chicken coop, but the other girl appears to have vanished underwater. Upon awakening, Dorothy finds herself back in Oz with her chicken Billina and they find the Emerald City in ruins and its citizens turned to stone. Pursued by Wheelers, Dorothy and Billina hide in a room accessed by a glyph key Billina earlier had found and they meet a mechanical man, Tik-Tok, who explains that King Scarecrow has been captured by the Nome King, who is responsible for the Emerald Citys destruction. The three visit princess Mombi in hopes of getting information, but she is working with the Nome King. Dorothy, Billina, and Tik-Tok meet Jack Pumpkinhead, who explains he was brought to life via Mombis Powder of Life. Dorothy uses the Powder of Life to vivify the Gump, the head of an animal whose body they put together using two sofas, palm leaves, a broom, and rope. Using the Gump as transport, the escapes and flies across the Deadly Desert to reach the Nome Kings mountain. In his underground domain, the Nome King tells Dorothy that the Scarecrow stole the emeralds from him to build the Emerald City and he does not listen when Dorothy protests that the emeralds preceded the Scarecrow at the city
Return to Oz
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Theatrical release poster by
Drew Struzan
10.
Valmont (film)
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Valmont is a 1989 French-American drama film directed by Miloš Forman and starring Colin Firth, Annette Bening, and Meg Tilly. During the process of seducing the married woman, he ends up falling in love with her, Valmont received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design. Volanges confides in Merteuil that the marriage required that Cécile be raised in a convent to ensure her chastity. Unaware that Merteuil is Gercourts paramour, Volanges reveals that according to Gercourt, angered over the loss of her lover and his slight of her character, Merteuil devises a devious plan of revenge. She approaches her former lover, the Vicomte de Valmont, and he is more interested in pursuing Madame de Tourvel, a beautiful married woman staying at his aunts estate. When the subject of infidelity is introduced, Tourvel insists she would never be unfaithful to her husband who is traveling abroad on business. After learning that Céciles music teacher, Danceny, has been writing letters to Cécile. Merteuil then convinces her cousin to allow Cécile to join her in the country while helping Cécile write secret love letters to Danceny, soon after, Merteuil and Cécile join Valmont at his aunts country estate where Valmont flirts playfully with the innocent young girl. When Merteuil suggests that Valmont help Cécile write a letter to Danceny, Valmont agrees. When Cécile confides in Merteuil about her experience with Valmont, Merteuil encourages the girl to marry Gercourt, meanwhile, Valmont is unsuccessful in his numerous attempts at wooing Tourvel, who has been warned of his sexual scheming and debauchery. When Tourvel feels her defenses weakening and her attraction to Valmont growing, after learning of her departure, Valmont rides to her residence and is there when she arrives. Surprised by Valmonts romantic actions and unable to resist her feelings for him, Tourvel finally returns his affections, in the morning, Tourvel leaves for the market to prepare a meal for her lover, but when she returns Valmont is gone. Soon after, Valmont arrives at Merteuils residence to collect his prize from her, when Merteuil refuses to honor her wager, Valmont leaves in anger. He goes to Cécile and convinces her to write Danceny a letter explaining that Merteuil encouraged her to marry Gercourt, Tourvel later comes to Valmont and spends the night, leaving before he wakes the next morning. Later, when Danceny reads Céciles letter, he visits Merteuil and threatens her, when Valmont arrives, he discovers that Merteuil has already seduced Danceny and revealed that Valmont took Céciles virginity. The following day, Danceny challenges Valmont to a set for the following morning. That evening, Valmont prepares for the duel by drinking himself into a drunken stupor, the next morning, Valmont arrives at the duel hung over and Danceny refuses to duel him in his condition. Refusing to apologize to Danceny for his actions, he charges toward the man with his sword drawn and is slain after a brief exchange
Valmont (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Valmont (film)
11.
The Craft (film)
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The Craft is a 1996 American supernatural horror film directed by Andrew Fleming and starring Robin Tunney, Fairuza Balk, Neve Campbell, and Rachel True. The films plot centers on a group of four girls who pursue witchcraft and use sorcery for their own gain. The film was released on May 3,1996, by Columbia Pictures and it was a surprise hit, Sarah Bailey, a troubled teenager, has just moved from San Francisco to Los Angeles with her father and stepmother. At her new school, she encounters a group of outcast girls rumored to be witches, Bonnie, Nancy, at the same time, Sarah becomes attracted to a popular football player Chris, who warns her against associating with the three girls. After Chris humiliates Sarah by spreading rumors about having had sex with her. Sarah exhibits supernatural powers from the onset of the film and her new friends believe that she will complete their coven and they tell her that they worship a powerful god named Manon, who controls the elements. When Sarah is harassed by a vagrant with a snake, he is hit by a car. Nancy lusts for power and encourages the others to join her in a rite called Invocation of the Spirit. The four enact the ceremony on the beach, where each of the girls Call the Corners, on completion of the spell, Nancy is struck by lightning, and all four girls fall unconscious. The next morning Nancy is seen walking on water and claims to be infused with the essence of Manon and she lacks empathy and begins taking risks with her life and those of others. Nancy uses a spell to make herself look like Sarah. They are interrupted by the real Sarah, who insists that Nancy leave with her, Chris is upset about being fooled, and taunts Nancy that she is jealous. Nancy uses her power to him out of a second-story window. Sarah performs a spell to prevent Nancy from doing more harm. The binding fails, and the turns on Sarah. They invade her dreams and threaten to kill her, Sarah visits Lirio, the proprietress of a magic shop, who tells Sarah that she too must invoke the spirit in order to fight Nancy. They are interrupted by another of Nancys spells before they can do so, once there Nancy tricks Sarah into believing that her father and stepmother have died in a plane crash. The three girls try to persuade her to suicide, before Nancy cuts Sarahs wrists herself
The Craft (film)
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Theatrical release poster
12.
The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)
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The film stars Marlon Brando, David Thewlis, Val Kilmer, Ron Perlman, and Fairuza Balk, and was directed by John Frankenheimer, who was brought in half a week after shooting started. The screenplay is credited to the original director Richard Stanley and Ron Hutchinson, the production was notoriously difficult, and the film was a box office bomb that received mostly negative reviews. In 2010, United Nations negotiator Edward Douglas survives a crash in the Java Sea and is eventually rescued by a passing boat. Aboard, a man called Montgomery tends to him, and after telling him the boat has no radio, he promises Douglas the captain will take him to Timor after dropping him off. However, when they arrive at Montgomerys destination referred to as Moreaus Island, he instead advises Douglas to stay with him, Montgomery unloads a shipment of rabbits at a pen, and one runs away while he slaughters another for Douglas meal. They then head on to the Main House where Douglas is warned not to wander, There, he meets a daughter of Dr. Moreaus called Aissa, but Montgomery turns him away from her and leads him to his room. On the way, they discuss how Moreau vanished after becoming obsessed with his animal research, Montgomery locks Douglas in his room, but he manages to escape that night. He then comes across a laboratory where he witnesses the birth of a mutant baby, belonging to and he is noticed, escapes, and runs into Aissa who leads him to the village of the mutants. On the way, they find the partially eaten corpse of a rabbit, at the village, they find the Sayer of the Law whose Law preaches being human in terms of restraint and discipline. Dr. Moreau, referred to as The Father by the mutants and he controls the villagers by using a remote control that causes pain through an implant under the creatures skin. Moreau forces the village to hand over Douglas only to take him to the House to discuss the situation. Douglas, Montgomery and Moreau gather and he introduces his hybrid children, then, he explains his creations, he introduced human DNA into animals in search of a higher being, incapable of harm. The existing Beast Folk are imperfect, but Moreau claims to be closer than could possibly imagine in his quest, Moreaus son Azazello comes in with the rabbit, to the disgust of Moreau who abhors killing. When he learns of the rabbit, he promises that there will be a trial the next day. Douglas tries to escape by boat, but finds it overrun with rat-like creatures and gives up, at the trial, Azazello unexpectedly shoots Lo-Mai. His body is burned, and a mutant called Hyena-Swine comes, notices the pain implant among his remains, Montgomery reveals to Douglas that in addition to the pain, the animals are controlled through regular drugging to prevent them from retrogressing. Hyena-Swine shows off the removed implant, and so Montgomery sets the other beasts after him, meanwhile, Douglas tries to contact the outside world, but Montgomery sabotages the radio and Aissa reveals to Moreau that she is regressing as it shows her with cat-like eyes. Hyena-Swine and his trackers break into the House and confront their Father, angry over their hybrid nature and no longer under his control, they reject humanity and the Law and kill Moreau
The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)
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Theatrical release poster
13.
American History X
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The film was released in the United States on October 30,1998 and was distributed by New Line Cinema. The film tells the story of two brothers from Venice, Los Angeles who become involved in the neo-Nazi movement, the older brother serves three years in prison for voluntary manslaughter, changes his beliefs and tries to prevent his brother from going down the same path. The film is told in the style of nonlinear narrative, made on a budget of $20 million, the film grossed $24 million at the worldwide box office. Critics mostly praised the film and Nortons performance, which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, in September 2008, Empire magazine named it the 311th Greatest Movie of All Time. High school student Danny Vinyard receives an assignment from his history teacher Mr. Murray to write a paper on any book which relates to the struggle for human rights, knowing Murray is Jewish, Danny writes his paper on Adolf Hitlers Mein Kampf. A few years prior, Danny and Dereks father Dennis Vinyard was murdered by drug dealers after being sent on a call to fight a fire in a drug den. In a television interview conducted after Denniss death, Derek erupts in a long racist tirade, shortly thereafter, Cameron Alexander and Derek form a white supremacist gang called the D. O. C. As a skilled player, Derek is reluctantly dragged into a 3-on-3 game against several members of the Crips in which the prize is control of the recreation center basketball courts. After winning with his friends, Derek leads a gang of skinheads to attack a supermarket owned by a Korean that included African-American. Dereks mother Doris invites Murray, whom she is dating, home for dinner, Derek is given a job in the prison laundry and assigned to be the partner of Lamont, a black man who is serving six years for the putative assault of a police officer. The pair later develop a rapport from their love of basketball. Derek joins the Aryan Brotherhood, but after about a year, as punishment, he is restrained, beaten, and sodomised in the shower by the Aryan Brotherhood members, Derek recovers and is visited by Sweeney, whom he asks for help to be paroled. Sweeney informs him of Dannys involvement with neo-Nazis, and warns that he is on the path as Derek. Derek further distances himself from the Aryan Brotherhood and spends the remainder of his time in prison alone, finally realizing the error of his ways, Derek leaves prison a changed man. Upon arriving home, he finds that Danny has a D. O. C, tattoo and tries to persuade him to leave the gang. After leaving the party, Derek tells Danny about his experience in prison, the next morning, Danny finishes his paper, which reflects on why he had adopted Nazi values and why they were deeply flawed. Derek gets ready for a meeting with his parole officer, Derek walks Danny to school before his meeting, and on their way they stop at a diner. Sweeney and a police officer tell Derek that his friend Seth Ryan, Derek arrives at the school and mourns for Danny
American History X
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Theatrical release poster
American History X
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Edward Norton 's performance was critically lauded and he went on to receive multiple accolades, including an
Academy Award nomination for
Best Actor
14.
The Waterboy
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Lynn Swann, Lawrence Taylor, Jimmy Johnson, Bill Cowher, Paul The Big Show Wight and Rob Schneider have cameo appearances. The movie was profitable, earning $161.5 million in North America alone. This was Sandlers second film to eclipse $120 million worldwide in 1998 along with The Wedding Singer, adam Sandlers character, Bobby Boucher, bears a strong resemblance to his The Excited Southerner comedic skits from his album What the Hell Happened to Me. The portrayal is one of a stereotypical Cajun from the bayous of South Louisiana and he also shares similarities in speech and mannerism to Canteen Boy, a recurring character, also portrayed by Sandler, on Saturday Night Live. Like Bobby, Canteen Boy was a soft-spoken manchild who preferred purified water, right out of the old canteen, which he always carried with him. Bobby Boucher is an inept, 31-year-old water boy with a stutter and hidden anger issues due to frequent teasing by his peers and excessive sheltering by his mother. After a few failed attempts to work, Bobby then approaches Coach Klein of the far more austere South Central Louisiana State University Mud Dogs. Coach Klein has been coach of SCLSU for years without success, the experience drove Klein to a mental breakdown and rendered him unable to come up with new plays. Furthermore, unlike the Cougars, the Mud Dogs are a struggling team both on and off the field and they have lost 40 consecutive games, their cheerleaders have become alcoholics, and players are forced to share equipment. Bobby insists he be the waterboy after noticing a keg full of stagnant water, Bobby gets the job when he says he will do it for free. Bobbys mother informs him of the evils of football and prevents him from playing and she also mentions that unlike everyone else who shows contempt for him, Helen is the only one who unconditionally loves him. After being picked on again by his new team, Coach Klein encourages Bobby to stand up for himself which leads to him tackling and knocking out the teams quarterback, Coach Klein begs Bobby to join the team but he refuses as his mother would never approve. Coach Klein then meets with Bobby and his mother and attempts to convince her to let Bobby play by emphasizing that Bobby can get a college education, but she refuses despite Bobbys interest. Coach Klein convinces Bobby to join in secret saying that what mama dont know, Bobby quickly becomes one of the most feared linebackers in college football, hitting opposing players with injury-causing force. In his first game, Bobby causes a turnover that costs the team the win, despite this, the Mud Dogs win their next game when Bobby scores a safety on the final play, ending their long losing streak. The Mud Dogs go on a streak and earn a trip to the annual Bourbon Bowl to face the Cougars. Bobbys newfound fame also allows him to rekindle a relationship with his friend and crush, Vicki Vallencourt. However, Helen forbids Bobby from seeing her again, Coach Beaulieu crashes the Mud Dogs pep rally and reveals that Bobby never finished high school and his high school transcript was fake, making him ineligible for college and football
The Waterboy
–
The Waterboy
15.
Almost Famous
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Almost Famous is a 2000 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Billy Crudup, Kate Hudson and Patrick Fugit. The film is semi-autobiographical, as Crowe himself was a writer for Rolling Stone. The film is based on Crowes experiences touring with rock bands Poco, The Allman Brothers Band, Led Zeppelin, the Eagles, and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Crowe has discussed how during this period he lost his virginity, fell in love, and met his heroes—experiences that are shared by William Miller, the boyish main character of the film. Although a box office bomb, the film received acclaim from critics. It was also awarded the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Roger Ebert hailed it the best film of the year, and also the 9th best film of the 2000s. It also won two Golden Globes, for Best Picture and Kate Hudson won Best Supporting Actress, in 1969, child prodigy William Miller struggles to fit in with the world. His widowed mother Elaine has led him to believe he is 12 years old, until Williams older sister, Anita and his age is actually 11, his mother had him start first grade at 5 years old and then he skipped 5th grade. Their mother strictly controls and protects him and his older sister Anita, forbidding rock music and other unwelcome influences, driving Anita to leave home and become a flight attendant. In 1973, 15-year-old William, influenced by the rock left by his sister, aspires to be a rock journalist. Rock journalist Lester Bangs, impressed with his writing, gives him a $35 assignment to review a Black Sabbath concert and he cant get backstage, but opening band Stillwater arrives, and after he flatters them with critical praise they bring him along. Lead guitarist Russell Hammond takes a liking to him, partly because of Williams new friendship with veteran groupie Penny Lane, feigning retirement from her glory days, she takes William under her wing. William is contacted by Ben Fong-Torres, editor of Rolling Stone and he convinces Ben to let him write about Stillwater, and he is instructed to go on the road with them. Tensions between Russell and lead singer Jeff Bebe are evident, William begins to interview the members of the band, but Russell repeatedly puts it off. Penny watches the interaction and sympathizes with William, whom they call the enemy because hes a journalist. The band experiences problems with promoters and venues on the tour, and hires Dennis, Penny is told she must leave them before New York, where Russells ex-wife/girlfriend Leslie will join them. Stillwater loses Pennys three protégé groupies to another band in a game, she acts nonchalant but is devastated. Also, Dennis has chartered a plane to allow them to play more gigs than their tour bus does, and there is no room on it for Penny
Almost Famous
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Theatrical release poster
16.
Personal Velocity: Three Portraits
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Personal Velocity, Three Portraits is a 2002 American independent film written and directed by Rebecca Miller. Personal Velocity is a tale of three women who have reached a point in their lives. Delia is a spirited, working-class woman from a town in New York state who leaves her abusive husband. Greta is a sharp, spunky editor who is rotten with ambition, to spite the hated unfaithful ways of her father, she has settled into a complacent relationship and is struggling with issues of fidelity to her kind but unexciting husband. Finally Paula, who ran away home and got pregnant, is now in a relationship she doesnt want. Shes a troubled woman who takes off on a journey with a hitchhiker after a strange. Personal Velocity won the Grand Jury Prize for Dramatic Film and the Cinematography Award at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, Personal Velocity, Three Portraits Personal Velocity, Three Portraits at AllMovie Personal Velocity, Three Portraits at the Internet Movie Database
Personal Velocity: Three Portraits
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Promotional poster
17.
Cloverdale, California
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Cloverdale is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States. The San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad reached Cloverdale in 1872, the Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California is headquartered here. The population was 8,618 at the 2010 census, Cloverdale began as an early stage stop, known as Markleville, on the Rancho Rincon de Musalacon Mexican grant. Markle and W. J. Miller bought 759 acres, which included the present site of the town from Johnson Horrell, in 1859, James Abram Kleiser bought Markles interest, and the town was laid out. The town was incorporated when the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad arrived in 1872, by 1878, the railroad service provided three trains a day between Cloverdale and Ferries of San Francisco Bay. In 1881 a colony based on the French Utopian movement, the Icarians, named Icaria Speranza was established by Jules Leroux and Armand Dehay, the settlement ended in 1886 and today south of town there is a marker where the schoolhouse was located. Cloverdale suffered severe economic impact losing 500 to 600 manufacturing jobs between 1988 and 1994 with the closing of a fire equipment factory and the shrinking of the logging industry,300 jobs were eliminated alone when Louisiana-Pacific closed its lumber mill in 1993. In 1994 Highway 101, which bisected the town, was routed around town with a by-pass. Many natives felt that the bypass radically changed the character of the town, in 1997 Clover Springs, a development with 362 houses, was opened on the south end of town. In 2011 the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District transferred 250 acres of ranchland to the City of Cloverdale for use as a park. The Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians is a federally recognized tribe with a membership of almost 500. In 2008 the Tribe acquired 80 acres at the end of town. The Rancheria is a community of Pomo Indians who are indigenous to Sonoma County, Pomo people are renowned for their basket weaving, done by both men and women. Elsie Allen, considered to be one of the best California basketweavers of her generation, was a member of the Rancheria, according to Tribal history, the Pomo people lived peacefully in the area since ancient times. The Rancheria was created by the government in 1921 when the Tribe became federally recognized and deeded 27.5 acres on the southern edge of town. In 1958 the Rancheria was terminated, along with 43 other rancherias in California and this process transferred tribal community land into private ownership. In 1979 Tillie Hardwick, a Pomo woman, filed a class action suit on behalf of 16 of the illegally terminated rancherias, in 1983 the Courts reinstated the federal recognition of the illegally terminated tribes, including the Cloverdale Rancheria. In 1994 the Highway 101 bypass cut through the Rancheria land, in 2006 the Tribe began efforts to revive and restore their traditional culture
Cloverdale, California
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A historic house in Cloverdale.
Cloverdale, California
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Bodies of water
18.
Vancouver
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Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had 2,463,431 versus 2,313,328 in 2011, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property
Vancouver
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Clockwise from top: Downtown Vancouver as seen from the southern shore of False Creek, The
University of British Columbia,
Lions Gate Bridge, a view from the
Granville Street Bridge,
Burrard Bridge, The Millennium Gate (
Chinatown), and
totem poles in
Stanley Park
Vancouver
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A portrait of the first Vancouver City Council meeting after the 1886 fire. The tent shown was on the east side of the 100 block Carrall.
Vancouver
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Panorama of Vancouver, 1898
Vancouver
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Kitsilano Beach is one of Vancouver's many beaches
19.
British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
British Columbia
–
Strait of Georgia, near
Vancouver.
British Columbia
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Flag
British Columbia
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The Okanagan region has a climate suitable to vineyards.
British Columbia
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Mount Robson,
Canadian Rockies, BC
20.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
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Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
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The name London may derive from the
River Thames
21.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
Paris
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In the 1860s Paris streets and monuments were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, making it literally "The City of Light."
Paris
Paris
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Gold coins minted by the Parisii (1st century BC)
Paris
–
The
Palais de la Cité and
Sainte-Chapelle, viewed from the Left Bank, from the
Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (month of June) (1410)
22.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
23.
Kaleidoscope (US band)
–
Kaleidoscope was an American psychedelic folk and ethnic band who recorded 4 albums and several singles for Epic Records between 1966 and 1970. The band membership included David Lindley, who released numerous solo albums. The group was formed in 1966, while studying at La Salle High School in Pasadena, he formed his first group, the Mad Mountain Ramblers, who performed around the Los Angeles folk clubs. There, he met Darrow, who was a member of a rival group, the Re-Organized Dry City Players. Soon afterwards, around 1964, the pair formed a new group, the Dry City Scat Band, which also included fiddle player Richard Greene, Lindley also began forming his own electric group. In the course of this he met Feldthouse, who had raised in Turkey and, on returning to the US, had performed flamenco music. Lindley and Feldthouse then began performing as a duo, David and Solomon and they invited him to join their band, and by the end of 1966 added Darrow and drummer John Vidican, so forming The Kaleidoscope. The group was founded on democratic principles – there was no leader and they soon began performing live in clubs, winning a recording contract with Epic Records. The first single, Please, was released in December 1966 and it was produced by Barry Friedman, as was their first album Side Trips, released in June 1967. The album showcased the group’s musical diversity and studio experimentation and it included Feldthouses Egyptian Gardens, Darrow’s Keep Your Mind Open, and versions of Cab Calloways Minnie the Moocher and Dock Boggs Oh Death. Crill, for reasons he never made clear, was credited as Fenrus Epp on the first album, between them, the group played a huge collection of stringed instruments in such psychedelic songs as Egyptian Gardens and Pulsating Dream. Live, band numbers were interspersed by solo instrumental turns from Feldthouse or Lindley. The band performed different styles, including rock, blues, folk, jazz, Middle-Eastern and also featured music by Calloway. Kaleidoscope were one of the progenitors of World Music, the bands second album A Beacon from Mars was released in early 1968, to generally good reviews but poor sales. The album was a mix of Middle-Eastern, country, folk, in live performances of the tune, Lindley used a violin bow on his electric guitar, probably influencing Page to use the same effect later. Another live no overdubs track on the album was Taxim, with solos from Lindley on a guitar and Felthouse. Liner notes to the much-later CD reissue claim the original title was Bacon From Mars. This is a myth, initiated by a joke printed in the magazine ZigZag during their three-part feature on Kaleidoscope
Kaleidoscope (US band)
–
Original members of the Kaleidoscope as imaged on their first album,
Side Trips, released in 1967
Kaleidoscope (US band)
–
Cover of the Kaleidoscope's second album "
A Beacon from Mars," with album art by Tad Hunter aka San Andreas Fault.
24.
Folk music
–
Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
Folk music
–
Béla Bartók recording Slovak peasant singers in 1908
Folk music
–
Indians always distinguished between classical and folk music, though in the past even classical Indian music used to rely on the unwritten transmission of repertoire.
Folk music
–
Armenian traditional musicians
Folk music
–
Assyrians playing
zurna and
Davul, the typically used instruments for their folk music.
25.
Idaho
–
Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, to the north, it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia. With a population of around 1.7 million people and an area of 83,569 square miles, Idaho is the 14th largest, the states capital and largest city is Boise. Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited solely by Native American peoples, in the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country, an area disputed between the U. S. and the United Kingdom. Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3,1890, forming part of the Pacific Northwest, Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions. In the states north, the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle is closely linked with Eastern Washington, the states south includes the Snake River Plain, while the south-east incorporates part of the Great Basin. Idaho is quite mountainous, and contains several stretches of the Rocky Mountains, additionally, around 38 percent of Idahos land is held by the United States Forest Service, the most of any state. Industries significant for the economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry. Idahos agricultural sector supplies a number of different products, but the state is best known for its potato crop, the official state nickname is the Gem State, which references Idahos reputation for gemstones and, more broadly, its many wilderness areas. The exact origin of the remains a mystery. Willing later claimed that he had invented the name. Congress ultimately decided to name the area Colorado Territory when it was created in February 1861, thinking they would get a jump on the name, locals named a community in Colorado Idaho Springs. However, the name Idaho did not fall into obscurity, the same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called Idaho County was created in eastern Washington Territory. The county was named after a steamship named Idaho, which was launched on the Columbia River in 1860 and it is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willings claim was revealed. Regardless, a portion of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create Idaho Territory in 1863. Despite this lack of evidence for the origin of the name, the name Idaho may be derived from the Plains Apache word ídaahę́, which means enemy. The Comanches used this word to refer to the Idaho Territory, a 1956 Idaho history textbook says, Idaho is a Shoshoni Indian exclamation. The word consists of three parts, the first is Ee, which in English conveys the idea of coming down
Idaho
–
Digitally colored elevation map of Idaho.
Idaho
–
Flag
Idaho
–
Shoshone Falls in south central Idaho.
Idaho
–
Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in the Owyhee Mountains, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of
Boise, Idaho
26.
Turkey
–
Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a cultural heritage. The country is encircled by seas on three sides, the Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the countrys largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Approximately 70-80% of the countrys citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks, other ethnic groups include legally recognised and unrecognised minorities. Kurds are the largest ethnic minority group, making up approximately 20% of the population, the area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic by various ancient Anatolian civilisations, as well as Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians and Armenians. After Alexander the Greats conquest, the area was Hellenized, a process continued under the Roman Empire. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, the empire reached the peak of its power in the 16th century, especially during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian, following the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. Turkey is a member of the UN, an early member of NATO. Turkeys growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power while her location has given it geopolitical, the name of Turkey is based on the ethnonym Türk. The first recorded use of the term Türk or Türük as an autonym is contained in the Old Turkic inscriptions of the Göktürks of Central Asia, the English name Turkey first appeared in the late 14th century and is derived from Medieval Latin Turchia. Similarly, the medieval Khazar Empire, a Turkic state on the shores of the Black. The medieval Arabs referred to the Mamluk Sultanate as al-Dawla al-Turkiyya, the Ottoman Empire was sometimes referred to as Turkey or the Turkish Empire among its European contemporaries. The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world, various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic period until the Hellenistic period. Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family, in fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical centre from which the Indo-European languages radiated. The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty years ago. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date, the settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age
Turkey
–
Some
henges at
Göbekli Tepe were erected as far back as 12,000 BC, predating those of
Stonehenge,
England by almost ten millennia.
Turkey
–
Flag
Turkey
–
The Lion Gate in
Hattusa, capital of the
Hittite Empire. The city's history dates back to the 6th millennium BC.
Turkey
–
The
Library of Celsus in
Ephesus was built by the
Romans in 135 AD. The
Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, built by king
Croesus of
Lydia in the 6th century BC, was one of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
27.
Romani people
–
The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym Gypsies, which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity. Romani are dispersed, with their populations in Europe – especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe including Turkey, Spain. Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas, there are an estimated one million Roma in the United States, and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe. Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era, in migrations since the late nineteenth century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada. In February 2016, during the International Roma Conference, the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India. The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora, the Romani language is divided into several dialects, which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million. The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large, many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence, or of mixed languages combining the two, those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani. French bohème, bohémien, from the Kingdom of Bohemia, whence they came, Rom means man or husband in the Romani, it has the variants dom and lom, related with the Sanskrit words dam-pati, dama, lom, lomaka loman, roman. Another possible origin is from Sanskrit डोम doma, Sanskrit सिनधु is a river or stream of water in general. In particular, it denotes the river Indus and the country around it, in the Romani language, Rom is a masculine noun, meaning man of the Roma ethnic group or man, husband, with the plural Roma. The feminine of Rom in the Romani language is Romni, however, in most cases, in other languages Rom is now used for people of all genders. Romani is the adjective, while Romano is the masculine adjective. Some Romanies use Rom or Roma as a name, while others do not use this term as a self-ascription for the entire ethnic group. Sometimes, rom and romani are spelled with a r, i. e. rrom. In this case rr is used to represent the phoneme /ʀ/, the rr spelling is common in certain institutions, or used in certain countries, e. g. Romania, to distinguish from the endonym/homonym for Romanians. In the English language, Rom is a noun and an adjective, while Romani is also a noun, both Rom and Romani have been in use in English since the 19th century as an alternative for Gypsy. Romani was initially spelled Rommany, then Romany, while today the Romani spelling is the most popular spelling, occasionally, the double r spelling mentioned above is also encountered in English texts. The term Roma is increasingly encountered during recent decades, as a term for the Romani people
Romani people
–
Romani wagon pictured in 2009 in
Grandborough (Grandborough Fields Road is a popular spot for travelling people)
Romani people
–
Romani flag created in 1933 and accepted by the 1971
World Romani Congress
Romani people
–
Romani Wagon in
Germany in 1935
Romani people
–
Debret, Jean-Baptiste (c. 1820), Interior of a gipsy's house in
Brazil.
28.
Cherokee
–
The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian language group. The Cherokee were one of the first, if not the first, article 8 in the 1817 treaty with the Cherokee stated Cherokees may wish to become citizens of the United States. The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma has around 300,000 tribal members, in addition, numerous groups claiming Cherokee lineage, some of which are state-recognized, have members who are among those 819, 000-plus people claiming Cherokee ancestry on the US census. Of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes, the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians have headquarters in Tahlequah, the UKB are mostly descendants of Old Settlers, Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817. They are related to the Cherokee who were relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is on the Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina, the Cherokee refer to themselves as Ani-Yunwiya, which means Principal People. Many theories—though none proven—abound about the origin of the name Cherokee and it may have originally been derived from the Choctaw word Cha-la-kee, which means people who live in the mountains, or Choctaw Chi-luk-ik-bi, meaning people who live in the cave country. The earliest Spanish rendering of the name Cherokee, from 1755, is Tchalaquei, Another theory is that Cherokee derives from a Lower Creek word, Cvlakke. The Iroquois in New York have historically called the Cherokee Oyata’geronoñ, Tsalagi is sometimes misused as a name for the people, Tsalagi is actually the Cherokee word for the Cherokee language. There are two theories of Cherokee origins. Another theory is that the Cherokee had been in the Southeast for thousands of years, researchers in the 19th century recorded conversations with elders who recounted an oral tradition of the Cherokee peoples migrating south from the Great Lakes region in ancient times. They may have moved south into Muscogee Creek territory and settled at the sites of mounds built by the Mississippian culture, in the 19th century, European-American settlers mistakenly attributed several Mississippian culture sites to the Cherokee, including Moundville and Etowah Mounds. However, the Cherokee did not reach this part of Georgia until the late 18th century, pre-contact Cherokee are considered to be part of the later Pisgah Phase of Southern Appalachia, which lasted from circa 1000 to 1500. During the late Archaic and Woodland Period, Indians in the region began to cultivate plants such as elder, lambsquarters, pigweed, sunflowers. People created new art forms such as shell gorgets, adopted new technologies, during the Mississippian Culture-period, local women developed a new variety of maize called eastern flint corn. It closely resembled modern corn and produced larger crops, the successful cultivation of corn surpluses allowed the rise of larger, more complex chiefdoms with several villages and concentrated populations during this period. Corn became celebrated among numerous peoples in ceremonies, especially the Green Corn Ceremony. Much of what is known about pre-18th-century Native American cultures has come from records of Spanish expeditions, the earliest ones of the mid-16th-century encountered people of the Mississippian culture, the ancestors to later tribes in the Southeast such as the Muscogee and Catawba
Cherokee
–
From the top, L-R:
John Ross; Colonel
Elias Cornelius Boudinot; Samuel Smith; Lilly Smith; Walini; Marcia Pascal; Lillian Gross;
William Penn Adair; Thomas M. Cook
Cherokee
Cherokee
–
Great Smoky Mountains
Cherokee
–
After the
Anglo-Cherokee War, bitterness remained between the two groups. In 1765,
Henry Timberlake took three of the former Cherokee adversaries to London to help cement the newly declared friendship.
29.
The Best Christmas Pageant Ever
–
The Best Christmas Pageant Ever is a book written by Barbara Robinson in 1971. They go to church for the first time after being told that the church offers snacks, despite protests from other church members, they are given roles in the Sunday schools Christmas play, in which they tell the Christmas story in a nonconventional fashion. Robinson first published the story in McCalls magazine before it was adapted into a book, the book was adapted by Robinson into a play which was first performed on November 26,1982 by the Seattle Childrens Theatre. The book was adapted into a television movie on ABC in 1983. Robinson also wrote this adaptations teleplay, the Herdmans were featured in two sequels, The Best Halloween Ever. and The Best School Year Ever
The Best Christmas Pageant Ever
–
First edition
30.
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
–
The film stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale. Notable for its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score and it was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to Gone with the Wind. It did win in two categories, including Best Original Song for Over the Rainbow and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. However, the film was a box office disappointment on its release, earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget. It was MGMs most expensive production at that time, and did not completely recoup the studios investment and turn a profit until theatrical re-releases starting in 1949. The film was named the most-viewed motion picture on television syndication by the Library of Congress, designation on the registry calls for efforts to preserve it for being culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant. It is also one of the few films on UNESCOs Memory of the World Register, the Wizard of Oz is often ranked on best-movie lists in critics and public polls. It is the source of many quotes referenced in popular culture. It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming, noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but uncredited contributions were made by others. The songs were written by Edgar Yip Harburg and Harold Arlen, the musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart. The film begins in Kansas, which is depicted in a sepia tone, Dorothy Gale lives with her dog Toto on the farm of her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. Dorothys dog gets in trouble with a neighbor, Miss Almira Gulch. However, Dorothys family and the farmhands are all too busy to pay attention to her, Miss Gulch arrives with permission from the sheriff to have Toto euthanized. She takes him away, but he escapes and returns to Dorothy and they meet Professor Marvel, a phony but kindly fortune teller, who realizes Dorothy has run away and tricks her via his crystal ball into believing that Aunt Em is ill so that she must return home. She races home just as a tornado strikes. Unable to get into her familys storm cellar, she seeks safety in her bedroom, a wind-blown window sash hits her in the head, knocking her out. The house is picked up and sent spinning in the air by the twister, the farmhouse crashes in Munchkinland in the Land of Oz, where the film changes to Technicolor. Glinda the Good Witch of the North and the Munchkins welcome her as their heroine, as the house has landed on and killed the Wicked Witch of the East, leaving only her stocking feet exposed
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
–
Dorothy (
Judy Garland, right) with
Glinda the Good Witch of the North (
Billie Burke)
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
–
The film's main characters (left to right): the
Cowardly Lion,
Dorothy,
Scarecrow, and the
Tin Man
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
–
Buddy Ebsen 's first makeup test as the Tin Man.
31.
The Worst Witch (film)
–
The Worst Witch is a 1986 television film based on the childrens book of the same name by Jill Murphy. It was produced by Central Independent Television and HBO, the film follows the plot of the 1974 book. The movie centers around Mildred Hubble, who is invariably the Worst Witch at Miss Cackles Academy for Witches, the climax surrounds Miss Cackles notorious twin evil sister, Agatha, plotting to take over the Academy. Ultimately Agatha is foiled by Mildred and Mildred establishes herself as the hero for the academy and its opening and closing song Growing Up Isnt Easy was sung by Bonnie Langford. It was composed by Charles Strouse with lyrics by Don Black and they also wrote Anything Can Happen on Halloween. This song was covered by British rock band Stonegarth in 2008, denis King composed its score and wrote the song My Little School. This television film aired on HBO in the 1980s and The Disney Channel during its Halloween season from 1986 to 1996, prism Entertainment released this television movie on VHS on 19 October 1994. It was also released by Reel Corporation PTY LTD. in 2000 Bfs Entertainment re-released this television film on video on 28 December 1999, the Worst Witch at the Internet Movie Database
The Worst Witch (film)
–
VHS cover
32.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood, California
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood, California
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood, California
–
The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
33.
Independent Spirit Award
–
The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database
Independent Spirit Award
–
Film Independent's Spirit Awards
34.
Gas Food Lodging
–
Gas Food Lodging is a 1992 movie directed by Allison Anders about a waitress trying to find romance while raising two daughters in a trailer-park. It stars Brooke Adams, Ione Skye, and Fairuza Balk, the film was adapted from the young adult novel Dont Look and It Wont Hurt by Richard Peck. The title of the film is derived from road signs on American interstate highways directing travelers to those respective service establishments near highway exits, the film was produced by Cineville and entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. Fairuza Balk won the 1993 Independent Spirit Award for best female lead for her role in this movie, Nora, a waitress with two teenage daughters, struggles to raise them in a trailer park as a single parent after her husband abandons the family. After repeatedly skipping school to go on dates, Trudi quits school, meanwhile, young Shade spends most of her time watching the movies of Mexican film star Elvia Rivero and dreams of finding a new boyfriend for her mother. After being dumped by the boy she was seeing, Trudi meets Dank and they eventually sleep together, and she tells him that her promiscuity is caused by the fact that she lost her virginity in a gang rape perpetuated by local boys she knew. Returning home the night, her mother informs her that she has one month to find a new home. Shade tries to seduce Darius, a boy she has a crush on, by dressing up in a wig, after her seduction attempt fails, she runs into Javier, the local projectionist, who teases her over her outfit before giving her a ride home on his bike. Afterwards she sets her mother up with Raymond, a man she found outside the bar, Trudi discovers she is pregnant with Danks child, but when he fails to turn up, she decides to go to Dallas and give up her child rather than have an abortion. While Trudi is away, Nora begins an affair with Hamlet Humphrey, a man who installs satellite dishes, Shade falls in love with Javier and tries to reconnect with her father. Initially disturbed by Hamlet Humphrey, she warms to him after he reveals that he is familiar with the movies of Elvia Rivero, Shade goes up to Dallas with her mother to be there for the birth of Trudis baby. After giving birth to a daughter, Trudi tells Shade that shell be staying in the city, on their way home Shade spots a sign advertising day-glo rocks like the one Dank gave her sister. She goes to confront Dank but instead learns that he was killed in an accident while looking for rocks, walking home, Shade realizes that Dank always loved Trudi and vows to eventually tell her the truth of what happened. Raymond The soundtrack for Gas, Food, Lodging was released by Elektra Records containing 28 tracks, J. Mascis of Dinosaur Jr contributed many of the tracks and also made a cameo in the film
Gas Food Lodging
–
Gas Food Lodging theatrical poster
35.
Coven
–
A coven or covan /kʌvən/ usually refers to a gathering of witches. In Wicca and other forms of modern neopagan witchcraft, such as Stregheria and Feri. It is composed of a group of believers who gather together for ceremonies of such as Drawing Down the Moon. The number of persons involved may vary, although thirteen is considered ideal, any group of at least three can be a coven. A group of two is called a working couple. Within the community, many believe that a larger than thirteen is unwieldy, citing unwieldy group dynamics. When a coven has grown too large to be manageable, it may split, in Wicca this may also occur when a newly made High Priest or High Priestess, also called 3rd Degree ordination, leaves to start their own coven. Wiccan covens are usually led by a High Priestess and a High Priest. In more recent forms of witchcraft, covens are sometimes run as democracies with a rotating leadership. One of the first online covens to take this route is the Coven of the Far Flung Net, however, because of potentially-unwieldy membership sizes, many online covens limit their memberships to anywhere between 10 and 100 students. In fantasy stories and popular culture, a coven is a gathering of witches to work spells in tandem, such imagery can be traced back to Renaissance prints depicting witches and to the three weird sisters in Shakespeares Macbeth. Orgiastic meetings of witches are also depicted in the Robert Burns poem Tam o Shanter and in the Goethe play Faust. Movies featuring covens include Suspiria, Rosemarys Baby, Four Rooms, The Witches of Eastwick, The Covenant, Underworld, Underworld, Evolution, The Craft, Coven, Paranormal Activity 3 and The Witch. In television, covens have been portrayed in U. S. supernatural dramas Charmed, Witches of East End, The Vampire Diaries, The Originals, The Secret Circle and True Blood. In the 1967 Star Trek original series episode Catspaw, three appeared as illusions and acted in unison to voice a warning to Kirk and the landing party to leave the planet. The third season of American Horror Story is titled Coven and focuses on witches, in novels such as The Vampire Chronicles by Anne Rice and the Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer, covens are families or unrelated groups of vampires who live together. New Forest coven Margot Adler Drawing Down the Moon, janet and Stuart Farrar A Witches Bible, The Complete Witches Handbook. List of Covens by Location at Witchvox Online Covens supported by SpellsOfMagic Choosing a Coven by Judy Harrow Choosing a Coven by Lisa Mc Sherry Information on Covens by Spell Reviews
Coven
–
Key concepts
36.
Neve Campbell
–
Neve Adrianne Campbell is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Sidney Prescott in the film series Scream. She got her start appearing in the Canadian television series Catwalk and she has starred in films such as The Craft, Wild Things, Panic, and The Company. Campbell was born in Guelph, Ontario and her mother, Marnie, is a yoga instructor and psychologist from Amsterdam. On her mothers side, Campbell descends from Sephardi Jews who immigrated to the Netherlands and she has stated, I am a practising Catholic, but my lineage is Jewish, so if someone asks me if Im Jewish, I say yes. Campbell has three brothers, Christian, Alex, and Damian and her parents divorced when she was two years old. At age six, she saw a performance of The Nutcracker and decided she wanted to take ballet and she and her brother Christian lived mostly with their father, with regular periods at their mothers home until Campbell was nine years old. At that time, she moved into residence at the National Ballet School of Canada, training there and appearing in performances of The Nutcracker, ross Collegiate Vocational Institute in Guelph. Campbell appeared in a 1991 Coca-Cola commercial and promoted its sponsorship on Bryan Adams Waking Up the Nation Tour and her first starring role was as Daisy in the Canadian youth series Catwalk. She made several guest appearances on such as The Kids In The Hall, Are You Afraid of the Dark. and Kung Fu. Described as televisions most believable teenager, Campbell rose to fame in United States outside Canada after playing Julia Salinger in the American drama series Party of Five, the show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama in 1996. Campbells first widely released film was The Craft and she starred as Sidney Prescott in Scream, which was a huge success, earning over $173 million at the worldwide box office and winning critical acclaim. Her role has received significant critical praise throughout the Scream series, the film was followed by three sequels, all of which were also successful, with Scream 2 earning over $170 million, Scream 3 over $160 million, and Scream 4 over $97 million. Campbell won the MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Scream 2, in his review of Scream 3, Roger Ebert wrote, The camera loves her. She could become a big star and then giggle at clips from this film at her AFI tribute. Campbell appeared in Wild Things and 54, both of which were moderately successful and she also voiced Kiara in the Disney animated direct-to-video musical film sequel, The Lion King II, Simbas Pride. In 2002, she starred in Last Call with Sissy Spacek and Jeremy Irons, in Leonard Maltins Movie Guide, the film critic describes it as an Unlikable film. Crammed with coldhearted characters who are obsessed with big bucks, sleazy sex, in March 2006, Campbell made her West End theatre debut, in a version of Arthur Millers Resurrection Blues at the Old Vic theatre
Neve Campbell
–
Campbell in 2009
Neve Campbell
–
Campbell at the
2006 BAFTA Awards
37.
Robin Tunney
–
Robin Tunney is an American actress. Tunney was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a car salesman father, Tunney is Irish American, her father was born in Straide, County Mayo, Ireland, while her maternal grandparents were from Clare Island. Tunney grew up in Orland Park, a southwest suburb of Chicago and she was raised Roman Catholic, attended Carl Sandburg High School in Orland Park and the Chicago Academy for the Arts in Chicago, and resided in Palos Heights, also in the Chicago area. She is a cousin of Chicago Alderman Tom Tunney, at the age of 19, Tunney moved to Los Angeles, California, and obtained several recurring television roles on Class of 96, Law & Order, Dream On, and Life Goes On. She gave her performance as a suicidal teenager in Empire Records. In 1997, Tunney starred in Bob Gosses Niagara, Niagara with Henry Thomas in a performance which garnered her the Best Actress award Volpi Cup at the 1997 Venice International Film Festival, Tunney also was featured opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1999 supernatural action film End of Days. She starred in the episode of House as a kindergarten teacher who collapses before her class and descends into aphasia. She portrayed Veronica Donovan on the first season of Prison Break and she had a minor role in the film August released on July 11,2008. Tunney also starred opposite Simon Baker in the CBS drama series The Mentalist, Tunney married producer and director Bob Gosse on October 4,1995, they divorced in 1997. In 2009, Tunney was engaged to Australian writer and director Andrew Dominik, Tunney became engaged to interior designer Nicky Marmet on December 25,2012, while on vacation in Rio de Janeiro. Their son, Oscar Holly Marmet, was born on 24 June 2016. On June 28,2006, Tunney won the table of Bravos Celebrity Poker Showdown season eight, finishing ahead of Christopher Meloni, Macy Gray, Joy Behar. The finale aired on July 5,2006, where she competed against Jason Alexander, Michael Ian Black, Ida Siconolfi, Tunney came in second, behind Alexander, earning $200,000 for The Childrens Health Fund. In August 2006, Tunney played in the World Series of Poker after having her entrance fee covered by the online cardroom PokerRoom. com, Robin Tunney at AllMovie Robin Tunney at the Internet Movie Database Robin Tunney at TVGuide. com
Robin Tunney
–
Tunney at a ceremony for
Simon Baker to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2013
38.
Marlon Brando
–
Marlon Brando, Jr. was an American actor, film director and activist. He is credited with bringing realism to film acting and he helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting, studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s. Julius Caesar, The Wild One, Reflections in a Golden Eye, Last Tango in Paris, Brando was also an activist for many causes, notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements. Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata, Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewiczs 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeares Julius Caesar, and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara, an adaption of James Micheners 1954 novel. Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s, coming in at number 10 in 1954, number 6 in 1955, the 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando. The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time, Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks. After this, he was content with being a highly paid actor in cameo roles, such as in Superman and The Formula. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million and 11. 75% of the profits for 13 days work on Superman. Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950. He was one of three professional actors, along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe, named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century. He died of respiratory failure on July 1,2004, at age 80, Brando was born on April 3,1924, in Omaha, Nebraska, to Marlon Brando, Sr. a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, and Dorothy Julia. Brando had two sisters, Jocelyn Brando and Frances. His ancestry included German, Dutch, English, and Irish and his patrilineal immigrant ancestor, Johann Wilhelm Brandau, arrived in New York in the early 1700s from the Palatinate in Germany. Brando was raised a Christian Scientist, however, she was an alcoholic and often had to be brought home from Chicago bars by her husband. In his autobiography, Songs My Mother Taught Me, Brando expressed sadness when writing about his mother, dodie and Brandos father eventually joined Alcoholics Anonymous. Brando harbored far more enmity for his father, stating, I was his namesake and he enjoyed telling me I couldnt do anything right. He had a habit of telling me I would never amount to anything, Brandos parents moved to Evanston, Illinois, when his fathers work took him to Chicago, but separated when Brando was 11 years old. His mother took the three children to Santa Ana, California, where they lived with her mother, in 1937, Brandos parents reconciled and moved together to Libertyville, Illinois, a small town north of Chicago
Marlon Brando
–
Brando in 1948.
Marlon Brando
–
A 24-year-old Marlon Brando on the set of the Broadway production of
A Streetcar Named Desire, 1948.
Marlon Brando
–
Brando as
Emiliano Zapata in a trailer for the 1952 film Viva Zapata!
Marlon Brando
–
Marlon Brando with
Eva Marie Saint in the trailer for
On the Waterfront (1954)
39.
Val Kilmer
–
Val Edward Kilmer is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, then the cult classic Real Genius, as well as the military action film Top Gun and the fantasy film Willow. Kilmer was born December 31,1959, in Los Angeles, the son of Gladys Swanette and Eugene Dorris Kilmer and his parents divorced in 1968 when he was 8 years old. In 1977 Kilmers younger brother Wesley drowned in a pool at age 15. Kilmers grandfather was a miner in New Mexico, near the border with Arizona. His mother was of Swedish descent and his fathers ancestry included English, Scots-Irish, French and German. Kilmer attended Berkeley Hall School, a Christian Science school in Los Angeles and he attended Chatsworth High School with Kevin Spacey and Mare Winningham, and also attended the Hollywood Professional School. He became the youngest person at the time to be accepted into the Juilliard Schools Drama Division, on May 5,2012, Kilmer was awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts from William Woods University. In 1981, while at Juilliard, Kilmer co-authored and starred in the play How It All Began, Kilmer turned down a role in Francis Ford Coppolas 1983 film The Outsiders, as he had prior theatre commitments. In 1983 he appeared off Broadway in The Slab Boys with Kevin Bacon, also in 1983, Kilmer self-published a collection of his own poetry entitled My Edens After Burns, that included poems inspired by his time with Pfeiffer. The book of poems is difficult to obtain, and expensive, even second-hand copies fetch $300 and his big break came when he received top billing in the comedy spoof of spy movies Top Secret. Where he played an American rock and roll star, Kilmer sang all the songs in the film and released an album under the film characters name, Nick Rivers. While garnering more substantial roles and prestige, he gained a reputation as a ladies man, dating numerous women, some many years older, including Cher. During a brief hiatus, he backpacked throughout Europe before going on to play the character in the 1985 comedy Real Genius. He turned down a role in David Lynchs Blue Velvet before being cast as naval aviator Iceman in the action film Top Gun alongside Tom Cruise, Top Gun grossed a total of $344,700,000 worldwide and made Kilmer a major star. Kilmer starred in the Colorado Shakespeare Festival production of Hamlet]] in 1988, in 1989, Kilmer played the lead in both Kill Me Again, again opposite Whalley, and in TNTs Billy the Kid. After several delays, director Oliver Stone finally started production on the film The Doors, Kilmer spoke with Oliver Stone early on, concerned about what he might want to do with the story because Kilmer didnt believe in or want to promote substance abuse. Kilmer saw Morrison as having picked the wrong heroes, who had different issues, Kilmer saw Morrisons story as one that could be told a thousand different ways and didnt want to tell it by playing the role in the style of drugs, with which Oliver Stone agreed
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer at the
2005 Cannes Film Festival
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer in June 2005
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer with
50 Cent at the
AMAs 2009
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer reigning as
Bacchus; parade in New Orleans during Mardi Gras in 2009
40.
David Thewlis
–
David Thewlis is an English actor. His most commercially successful role to date has been that of Remus Lupin in the Harry Potter film series and he has also done voice work in the films James and the Giant Peach, The Miracle Maker and Anomalisa. He is also known for the role of Cyrus Crabb in the TV mini series Dinotopia, Thewlis, the second of three children, was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, the son of Maureen and Alec Raymond Wheeler. Both parents worked at his fathers shop, as a teenager, he played in a rock band called QED, and played lead guitar with a punk rock band called Door 66. He was educated at Highfield High School, a secondary school in South Shore. Later, he enrolled in the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, Thewlis had a minor role in an episode of the 1980s sitcom Up the Elephant and Round the Castle. He also appeared in an episode of popular sitcom Only Fools and his first professional role was in the play Buddy Holly at the Regal in Greenwich. That same year, he appeared on television as a sexual predator named James Jackson in Prime Suspect 3, opposite Helen Mirren, before that, his first television appearance was alongside Ken Jones in Valentine Park. He was nominated for a British Independent Film Award for Divorcing Jack, notable appearances also include Bernardo Bertoluccis Besieged and Paul McGuigans Gangster No. 1, opposite Paul Bettany and Malcolm McDowell and he auditioned for the role of Quirrell in the film Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, but the part went to Ian Hart. Despite missing out on the first film, he was cast in 2004 as Professor Lupin in Harry Potter and he did not have to audition as he was director Alfonso Cuaróns first choice for the role. Thewlis reprised the role in four films in the series. He appeared as an SS Commandant of a Nazi death camp and father of the character in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. Other credits include Ridley Scotts Kingdom of Heaven, Terrence Malicks The New World and The Omen. Thewlis played the late Dr. Michael Aris, husband of Nobel Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, with Malaysian actress Michelle Yeoh as Suu Kyi, in the biopic The Lady directed by Luc Besson. He also starred in Regression, a released in autumn 2015, in which he was reunited with Harry Potter co-star Emma Watson. In September 2015, Thewlis starred as Inspector Goole in Helen Edmundsons BBC TV adaptation of J. B, priestleys An Inspector Calls, alongside Ken Stott and Miranda Richardson. In October 2015, he played King Duncan in the film Macbeth, with Michael Fassbender starring as Macbeth, Thewlis will reportedly be portraying Ares in Wonder Woman, the upcoming DC Comics film adaptation based on the character of the same name, set for release in 2017
David Thewlis
–
Thewlis at the 2008
San Sebastian Film Festival
41.
Neo-Nazi
–
Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II social or political movements seeking to revive the far-right tenets of Nazism. The term neo-Nazism can also refer to the ideology of these movements, Neo-Nazism borrows elements from Nazi doctrine, including ultranationalism, racism, ableism, xenophobia, homophobia, antiziganism, antisemitism, and initiating the Fourth Reich. Holocaust denial is a feature, as is incorporation of Nazi symbols. Neo-Nazi activity is a phenomenon, with organized representation in many countries. In some European and Latin American countries, laws have been enacted that prohibit the expression of pro-Nazi, racist, Many Nazi-related symbols are banned in European countries in an effort to curtail neo-Nazism. The major postwar far-right party was the Austrian National Democratic Party, until it was banned in 1988 for violating Austrias anti-Nazi legislation, the Freedom Party of Austria served as a shelter for ex-Nazis almost from its inception. In 1980, scandals undermined Austrias two main parties, and the economy stagnated, jörg Haider became leader of the FPÖ and offered partial justification for Nazism, calling its employment policy effective. Professor Ali Mazrui, however, identified the FPÖ as neo-Nazi in a BBC world lecture, Haider, who in 2005 left the Freedom Party and formed the Alliance for Austrias Future, was killed in a traffic accident in October,2008. Barbara Rosenkranz, the Freedom Partys candidate for the Austrian presidential election,2010, is controversial for having made allegedly pro-Nazi statements, Rosenkranz is married to Horst Rosenkranz, a key member of a banned neo-Nazi party, who is known for publishing far-right books. Rosenkranz says she cannot detect anything dishonourable in her husbands activities, the volume Rechtsextremismus in Österreich seit 1945, issued by DÖW in 1979, listed nearly 50 active far right organizations in Austria. Their influence waned gradually, partly due to programs in secondary schools and universities which emphasized Austrian identity. Votes for the RFS, the Freedom Partys academic student organization, in the 1995 elections for the student representative body Österreichische Hochschülerschaft, the RFS got 4% of the vote. The FPÖ won 22% of the votes at the General Election in the same year, in 1993 Küssel was repeatedly convicted on charges of NS-Wiederbetätigung under the Austrian anti-Nazi law and sentenced to ten years in prison. The VAPO de facto disbanded in the course of the imprisonment of its leading figures, due to procedural errors Küssels sentence was revoked by the OGH and his trial was reheld in 1994 at the end of which he was sentenced to eleven years in prison. A Belgian neo-Nazi organization, Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw, was created in 2004 after splitting from the international network. The group rose to prominence in September 2006, after 17 members were arrested under the December 2003 anti-terrorist laws and laws against racism, antisemitism. According to Justice Minister Laurette Onkelinx and Interior Minister Patrick Dewael, a police operation, which mobilized 150 agents, searched five military barracks as well as 18 private addresses in Flanders. They found weapons, munitions, explosives and a homemade bomb large enough to make a car explode, the leading suspect, B. T. was organizing the trafficking of weapons and was developing international links, in particular with the Dutch far-right movement De Nationale Alliantie
Neo-Nazi
–
Neo-Nazi march in
Leipzig, Germany on October 17, 2009
Neo-Nazi
–
Anti-Nazi logo in
Belgium
Neo-Nazi
–
Anti-Nazi demonstration in
Dresden, Germany, February 13, 2012
42.
Edward Norton
–
Edward Harrison Norton is an American actor, filmmaker and activist. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films Primal Fear, American History X and Birdman and he also starred in other roles, such as Everyone Says I Love You, The People vs. Larry Flynt, Fight Club, Red Dragon, 25th Hour, Kingdom of Heaven, The Illusionist, Moonrise Kingdom, The Grand Budapest Hotel and he has also directed and co-written films, including his directorial debut, Keeping the Faith. He has done uncredited work on the scripts for The Score, Frida, Norton is president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. He ran in the 2009 New York City Marathon to raise money for the Trust and he also raises money for charity through Crowdrise, a social networking community for volunteers and a micro-donations fundraising platform. In July 2010, Norton was designated as the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, on July 2,2014, Norton was elected chairman of the board of trustees to Signature Theatre, a not-for-profit theater company in New York. Norton has been on Signatures board since 1996 and served as the co-chair of the Capital Campaign during the building of the Pershing Square Signature Center, Norton was born in Boston, Massachusetts and raised in Columbia, Maryland. His mother, Lydia Robinson Robin, a teacher of English, Norton has two younger siblings, Molly and Jim, with whom he has professionally collaborated. He graduated in 1987 from Columbias Wilde Lake High School, where his classmates included New York City Council member Mark Levine, after graduation, Norton worked in Osaka, Japan, consulting for his grandfathers company, Enterprise Community Partners, and speaks some Japanese. He appeared in an EFL textbook, Only in America, used by Nova and he moved to New York City to star in the Off-Broadway theater, breaking through with his 1993 involvement in Edward Albees Fragments, at the Signature Theatre Company. In his film debut Primal Fear, Norton played Aaron Stampler, a boy charged with the murder of a Roman Catholic Archbishop. The film is an adaptation of William Diehls novel, ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote, Norton gives a performance thats fully the equal of Geres – hes as slyly self-effacing as Gere is slyly ostentatious. Despite the mixed reviews, Norton won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and that same year, Norton played lawyer Alan Isaacman in The People vs. In 1998, he played Derek Vinyard, a reformed neo-Nazi, in the film American History X, David Denby of The New Yorker noted that he gives Derek ambiguous erotic allure, the film received positive reviews and grossed over $23 million worldwide at the box office. His performance earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, later, Norton starred with Matt Damon in Rounders, which follows two friends who urgently need to earn enough cash playing poker to pay off a huge debt. In David Finchers 1999 film Fight Club, Norton played an unreliable narrator who feels trapped in his white-collar position and it is based on Chuck Palahniuks novel of the same name. To prepare for the role, Norton took lessons in boxing, taekwondo, Fight Club premiered at the 1999 Venice International Film Festival. During promotion for the film, he said, I feel that Fight Club really, probed into the despair and paralysis that people feel in the face of having inherited this value system out of advertising
Edward Norton
–
Norton in March 2012
Edward Norton
–
Norton in March 2010
Edward Norton
–
Norton at the premiere of the
Metropolitan Opera 's 2009 season
43.
Academy Award
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
–
Academy Awards
Academy Award
–
31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
–
81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
–
Pantages Theatre, 2008
44.
Adam Sandler
–
Adam Richard Sandler is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and musician. After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member, Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $2 billion at the box office. He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish, Reign Over Me, Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career. Theyre All Gonna Laugh at You. and What the Hell Happened to Me. are both certified double-platinum, in 1999, Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions. Sandler was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1966, to Judith Judy, a school teacher, and Stanley Sandler. His family is Jewish and descends from Russian and Israeli immigrants on both sides and he grew up in Manchester, New Hampshire after moving there at the age of six. He attended Manchester Central High School, as a teen, Sandler was in BBYO, a popular Jewish youth group. Sandler graduated from New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts in 1988, early in his career, Sandler played Theo Huxtables friend, Smitty in The Cosby Show and the Stud Boy or Trivia Delinquent in the MTV game show Remote Control. After his film debut Going Overboard in 1989, Sandler performed in comedy clubs and he was discovered by comedian Dennis Miller, who caught Sandlers act in Los Angeles and recommended him to Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels. Sandler told Conan OBrien on The Tonight Show that NBC fired him, in 1993, Adam Sandler appeared in the film Coneheads with Chris Farley, David Spade, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman, and Jane Curtin. In 1994, he co-starred in Airheads with Brendan Fraser and Steve Buscemi and he followed this film with Bulletproof, and the financially successful comedies Happy Gilmore and The Wedding Singer. He was initially cast in the bachelor-party-themed comedy/thriller Very Bad Things but had to back out due to his involvement in The Waterboy, although his earliest films did not receive critical praise, he started to receive more positive reviews, beginning with Punch-Drunk Love in 2002. Roger Eberts review of Punch-Drunk Love concluded that Sandler had been wasted in earlier films with poorly written scripts, Sandler has moved outside the genre of slapstick comedy to take on more serious parts such as the aforementioned Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish and Reign Over Me. He played a father figure in Big Daddy. He returned to more dramatic fare with Mike Binders Reign Over Me and he starred with Kevin James in the film I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. Sandler headlined You Dont Mess with the Zohan, the film was written by Sandler, Judd Apatow, and Robert Smigel, it was directed by Dennis Dugan. It marked as Sandlers first family film and first film under the Walt Disney banner, in 2009, Sandler starred in Judd Apatows third directorial feature Funny People. The film was released on July 31,2009, Sandler appeared in Grown Ups, alongside Kevin James, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and David Spade
Adam Sandler
–
Sandler at a ceremony to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 1, 2011
Adam Sandler
–
Sandler at 2002
Cannes Film Festival
Adam Sandler
–
Sandler's handprints and shoeprints in front of
Grauman's Chinese Theatre, 2008.
45.
Justice League (TV series)
–
Justice League is an American animated television series which ran from 2001 to 2004 on Cartoon Network. It is part of the DC animated universe, the show was produced by Warner Bros. It is based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book published by DC Comics. After the second season, the series was replaced by Justice League Unlimited, animator Bruce Timm, who co-produced Batman, The Animated Series and Superman, The Animated Series in the 1990s, became executive producer on an animated series focusing on the Justice League. The roster consisted of Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, The Flash, Martian Manhunter, according to audio commentary on the DVD release of Season 2, the second season finale Starcrossed was expected to be the final episode of the series. However, in February 2004, Cartoon Network announced a series, Justice League Unlimited. Kevin Conroy reprised his role as Batman from Batman, The Animated Series, The New Batman Adventures. Batmans costume was redesigned, but this time, his costume was a combination of his last three costumes. Tim Daly, who voiced Superman in Superman, The Animated Series was initially involved but was unable to continue his role due to involvement with The Fugitive, and was replaced by George Newbern. As an in-joke, Supermans season one facial designs are used for an older Jor-El in the Justice League Unlimited episode For the Man Who Has Everything, most of the characters retained their general comic book origins and continuity, with Wonder Woman being the notable exception. In an interview segment on the Season One DVD, Bruce Timm stated that he ran into some legal issues in using the Wonder Woman character. Major changes were made to the Hawkgirl character. The character of Hawkgirl became romantically involved with the John Stewart Green Lantern as the series progressed, a romantic relationship between Batman and Wonder Woman was also shown by the shows creators, who disliked pairing Wonder Woman with Superman despite fan requests. Robin is not paired with Batman in this animated series like he was on Super Friends, although the series itself is animated in traditional 2-dimensional style, the opening credits are rendered in 3D with toon shading. The intro is a stock intro used throughout the series until Justice League Unlimited premieres, kevin Conroy – Batman George Newbern – Superman, D. J. It contained all 91 episodes of Justice League and Justice League Unlimited on a 15 disc set with the 15th disc containing a bonus documentary, individual releases A 4-disc soundtrack of musical highlights from both seasons of Justice League was released by La-La Land Records in July 2016. It is an edition of 3000 units and can be ordered at the La-La Land Records website. The set includes tracks from fan-favorite episodes like A Better World, Hereafter, Wild Cards, a second Justice League volume may also follow if fans support the existing release
Justice League (TV series)
–
Justice League
Justice League (TV series)
–
Cover art for the comic
Justice League Adventures #1 (2002). Art by
Bruce Timm and
Alex Ross.
46.
Family Guy
–
Family Guy is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Griffins, a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois, their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie, and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian. The show is set in the city of Quahog, Rhode Island. The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve, MacFarlane redesigned the films protagonist, Larry, and his dog, Steve, and renamed them Peter and Brian, respectively. MacFarlane pitched a pilot to Fox in 1998, and the show was greenlit. Shortly after the season of Family Guy had aired in 2002, Fox canceled the series. Adult Swim burned off the episode in 2003, finishing the original run. However, favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season, since its debut on January 31,1999,286 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast. Its fifteenth season began on September 25,2016, Family Guy has been nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards, and has won three of each. In 2009, it was nominated for an Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, Family Guy has also received criticism, including unfavorable comparisons to The Simpsons. In 2008, MacFarlane confirmed that the cast was interested in producing a feature film, a spin-off series, The Cleveland Show, featuring Cleveland Brown, aired from September 27,2009, to May 19,2013. The Simpsons Guy, an episode with The Simpsons, aired on September 28,2014. Family Guy is a joint production by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television, in 2013, TV Guide ranked Family Guy the ninth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time. On May 15,2016, Family Guy was renewed for a fifteenth season, living with the family is their witty, smoking, martini-swilling, sarcastic, English-speaking anthropomorphic dog Brian, though he is still considered a pet in many respects. Recurring characters appear alongside the Griffin family, TV news anchors Tom Tucker and Diane Simmons, Asian reporter Tricia Takanawa, and Blaccu-Weather meteorologist Ollie Williams also make frequent appearances. Actors Adam West and James Woods guest star as themselves in various episodes, the primary setting of Family Guy is Quahog, a fictional district of Providence, Rhode Island that was founded by Peters ancestor Griffin Peterson. MacFarlane resided in Providence during his time as a student at Rhode Island School of Design, MacFarlane often borrows the names of Rhode Island locations and icons such as Pawtucket and Buddy Cianci for use in the show. MacFarlane, in an interview with a program on WNAC-TV, Channel 64 in Providence, stated that the town is modeled after Cranston
Family Guy
–
The skyline of
Providence, as viewed from the northwest looking southeast, from left to right:
One Financial Center,
50 Kennedy Plaza, and the
Bank of America Tower
Family Guy
–
The
Griffin family. From the left:
Chris,
Peter,
Stewie,
Lois,
Brian (dog), and
Meg.
Family Guy
–
Matt Weitzman (left) is a former staff writer and
Mike Barker is a former producer and writer of the show. Both left the series to create the ongoing adult animated sitcom
American Dad! with Seth MacFarlane. Barker would depart American Dad! as well, following production of the show's 10th season.
Family Guy
–
Main cast members
47.
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
–
Grand Theft Auto, Vice City is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 27 October 2002 for the PlayStation 2, on 12 May 2003 for Microsoft Windows, a remastered version was released for mobile platforms in 2012, for the games tenth anniversary. It is the title in the Grand Theft Auto series. Set within the fictional Vice City, based on Miami, the game follows Tommy Vercetti following his release from prison. After he is caught up in a drug deal, he seeks out those responsible while building a criminal empire. The game is played from a perspective, and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle. The open world design lets the player freely roam Vice City, the game was also influenced by the film and television of the era, including Scarface and Miami Vice. Much of the development work constituted creating the world to fit the inspiration and time period. Upon release, the game received acclaim, with praise particularly directed at its music, gameplay. However, the game generated controversy, with criticism directed at the depiction of violence. The game sparked lawsuits and protests while being labelled as violent, Vice City became the best-selling video game of 2002 and has sold over 20 million copies. Considered one of the most significant titles of the generation of video games. Since its release, the game has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms and its successor, Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas, was released in October 2004, and a prequel, Vice City Stories, was released in 2006. Grand Theft Auto, Vice City is a game played from a third-person view. In the game, the controls the criminal Tommy Vercetti. It is possible to have several active missions running at one time, outside of missions, the player can freely roam the games open world and has the ability to complete optional side missions. Composed of two islands and several smaller areas, the world is much larger in area than earlier entries in the series. The islands are unlocked for the player as the story progresses, the player may run, jump, or drive vehicles to navigate the games world
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
–
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
–
Screenshot of the player flying a seaplane
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
–
Tommy attacks a Haitian gang in Little Haiti. The game was accused of inviting people to harm immigrant
Cubans and
Haitians, and of featuring anti-Haitian and anti-Cuban phrases.
48.
Lords of EverQuest
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Lords of EverQuest is a 3D fantasy real-time strategy game released in December 2003. It was developed by the startup company Rapid Eye Entertainment. SOE distributes Lords of EverQuest currently, unlike the original EverQuest, Lords of EverQuest is fundamentally a single player game, and after the initial payment for the software, does not require a recurring monthly fee in order to play. The game received mixed reviews according to game review aggregator Metacritic. IGN reviewer Tom McNamara praised its multiplayer experience, but overall considered the game mediocre, the developer, Rapid Eye Entertainment, closed down after the release of the game
Lords of EverQuest
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Lords of EverQuest
49.
Mark Ryden
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Mark Ryden is an American painter, part of the Lowbrow art movement. He was dubbed the god-father of pop surrealism by Interview Magazine, artnet named Ryden and his wife, the painter Marion Peck, the King and Queen of Pop Surrealism and one of the ten most important art couples in Los Angeles. Rydens aesthetic is developed from subtle amalgams of many sources, from Ingres, David, Ryden also draws his inspiration from anything that will evoke mystery, old toys, anatomical models, stuffed animals, skeletons and religious ephemera found in flea markets. Ryden was born in Medford, Oregon on January 20,1963, Ryden is the son of Barbara and Keith Ryden. His father made a painting, restoring and customizing cars. He has two sisters and two brothers, one a fellow artist named Keyth Ryden, who works under the name KRK, Ryden graduated from the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena in 1987. From 1988 to 1998 Ryden made his living as a commercial artist, during this period he created numerous album covers including Michael Jacksons Dangerous, the 4 Non Blondes Bigger, Better, Faster, More. The Red Hot Chili Peppers One Hot Minute, Jack Off Jills Clear Hearts Grey Flowers, also during this time, Ryden created book covers including Stephen Kings novels Desperation and The Regulators. Ryden’s solo debut show entitled The Meat Show was in Pasadena, Meat is a reoccurring theme in his work. He observes the disconnect in our contemporary culture between meat we use for food and the living, breathing creature it comes from. “I suppose it is this contradiction that brings me to return to meat in my art. ”According to Ryden, meat is the substance that makes all of us alive. All of us are wearing our bodies, which are like a garment of meat, a midcareer retrospective, Wondertoonel, which refers to a cabinet of curiosities or Wunderkammer, was co-organized in 2004 by the Frye Museum in Seattle and the Pasadena Museum of California Art. It was the best attended exhibition since the Frye Art Museum opened in 1952, in 2007, “The Tree Show” opened at the Michael Kohn Gallery, Los Angeles. In this show Ryden explores the human experience of nature. Ryden explains, “Some people look at these massive trees and feel a sort of spiritual awe looking at them, Ryden has created limited editions of his art to raise money for the Sierra Club and Nature Conservancy. In 2009, Rydens exhibition The Snow Yak Show was shown at the Tomio Koyama Gallery in Tokyo, in this exhibition his compositions were more serene and suggestive of solitude, peacefulness and introspection. In 2010, The Gay 90’s, Old Tyme Art Show debuted at Paul Kasmin Gallery in New York, the central theme of the show referenced the idealism and sentimentalism of the 1890s while addressing the role of kitsch and nostalgia in our current culture. Here Ryden explores the line between attraction and repulsion to kitsch, according to The New York Times, Ryden’s pictures hint at the psychic stuff that pullulates beneath the sentimental, nostalgic and naïve surface of modern kitsch
Mark Ryden
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Mark Ryden at his studio.
Mark Ryden
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The Tree of Life by Mark Ryden
50.
Camille Rose Garcia
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Camille Rose Garcia is a Los Angeles-based lowbrow artist. She produces paintings, prints and sculpture in a gothic, creepy cartoon style and she cites as influences Walt Disney and Philip K. Dick. Garcias parents met in music school and her father was a film producer and anti-Vietnam activist, and her mother was a muralist from Northern California. Garcias parents divorced when she was young and her mother raised her and her sister within close proximity to Disneyland, Camille Rose Garcia received her Master of Fine Arts degree at University of California at Davis in 1994 and her BFA from Otis College of Art and Design in 1992. Six years of art school left her disillusioned and bitter, so she decided to back home to Huntington Beach, California. Garcias work has appeared in Modern Painters, Juxtapoz, Rolling Stone, Flaunt and she also contributed work to ohGrs second album, SunnyPsyOp. She has published three books, The Saddest Place on Earth, The Magic Bottle, A BLAB and she illustrated a version of Alices Adventures in Wonderland, in 2010. The original illustrations by John Tenniel have always been some of my favorites, I have three copies of the book here because I collect childrens stories. Thats one of my favorite stories because its actually a dark story. She falls down the hole and no one is really nice to her at all, pretty much every character she encounters, theyre not really on her side. So re-reading it I realized I could do a bit darker of an interpretation than the original illustrations. Her work also appears in the permanent collections of LACMA and the San Jose Museum of Art, on November 2,2013, Garcia was part of a four-woman show in Los Angeles called Black Moon with fellow female artists, Jessicka Addams, Elizabeth McGrath and Marion Peck. Its disappointing to find out that the impetus for these works isnt skillful, marisa Solis, Army of Darkness, Camille Rose Garcia Fights the Forces of Evil, Juxtapoz #62, March 2006. Manuel Bello,2006 Interview Camille Rose Garcias web site Exhibition at the San Jose Museum of Art Review of SJMA Exhibition
Camille Rose Garcia
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Royal Disorder Poison Party, 2005.
