1.
The Coca-Cola Company
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The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1889 by Asa Griggs Candler, the Coca-Cola Company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola Refreshments. The companys stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA, the S&P500 index, the Russell 1000 Index, as of 2015, its chairman and its CEO is Muhtar Kent. In December 2016, it was announced that James Quincey, the operating officer would replace Kent as CEO. The company has a history of acquisitions. Coca-Cola acquired Minute Maid in 1960, the Indian cola brand Thums Up in 1993, in 2001, it acquired the Odwalla brand of fruit juices, smoothies, and bars for $181 million. In 2007, it acquired Fuze Beverage from founder Lance Collins, the companys 2009 bid to buy a Chinese juice maker ended when China rejected its $2.4 billion bid for the Huiyuan Juice Group, on the grounds the resulting company would be a virtual monopoly. Nationalism was also thought to be a reason for aborting the deal, in 1982, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures for $692 million. It sold the studio to Sony, for $3 billion. In 2013, Coca-Cola finalized its purchase of ZICO, a water company. In 2011, the Coca-Cola company bought the rest of the tea company Honest Tea. In 2015, the took a minority stake ownership in the cold pressed juice manufacturer. According to The Coca-Cola Companys 2005 Annual Report, the firm at that time sold beverage products in more than 200 countries and this is more countries than are generally agreed to exist, according to the World Atlas.5 billion. Of these, beverages bearing the trademark Coca-Cola or Coke accounted for approximately 78% of the companys total gallon sales, the figure in 2010 showed that they sold 1.6 billion drinks every day. In 2010, it was announced that Coca-Cola had become the first brand to top £1 billion in annual UK grocery sales, since the 1920s, Coca-Cola has been a publicly traded company. One share of stock purchased in 1919 for $40, with all dividends reinvested, would be worth $9.8 million in 2012, Coca-Cola has paid a dividend, increasing each year for 49 years. Stock is available from a direct purchase program, through Computershare Trust Company, the bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and food service distributors. Outside the United States, the bottlers also control the fountain business, since the early 1980s, the company has actively encouraged the consolidation of bottlers, with the company often owning a share of these anchor bottlers
2.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
3.
Fanta
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Fanta is a global brand of fruit-flavored carbonated soft drinks created by The Coca-Cola Company. There are more than 100 flavors worldwide, the drink originated in Nazi Germany under a trade embargo for Coca-Cola ingredients in 1940. Fanta originated as a result of difficulties importing Coca-Cola syrup into Nazi Germany during World War II due to a trade embargo. The name was the result of a brainstorming session, which started with Keiths exhorting his team to use their imagination, to which one of his salesmen, Joe Knipp. The plant was cut off from Coca-Cola headquarters during the war. After the war, the Coca-Cola corporation regained control of the plant, formula, Fanta was discontinued when the parent company was reunited with the German branch. Following the launch of several drinks by the Pepsi corporation in the 1950s, the drink was heavily marketed in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. Fanta is known for its advertising, in the United States, it showcases The Fantanas. For the re-introduction of Fanta in the United States, Coca-Cola worked with the ad agency Ogilvy in 2001, the campaign lasted from summer 2001, in the form of a successful trial run, to October 1,2006. Three years later, in June 2009, Fanta re-launched the campaign and they also held a talent search to find the pineapple Fantana, and in September selected Shakira Barrera to become the fourth Fantana. After Barrera won the search, she spent a year at her post, Fanta was quickly spreading through Africa in the beginning for the 1980s with the popularization of drink with particular African flavors such as acerola and ackee fruits. Guava flavoured drinks also contributed significantly to the success of the company in some countries, ethiopia had a major impact in the manufacturing of the drink, since the first African facility was based in Addis Ababa. By the end of the 1990s, Fanta was a drink in most parts of the continent. After the huge success of the brand in those regions, Fantas popularity peaked, there are more than 90 flavors worldwide. The other variants available in Canada are Grape and Cream Soda, primary competitors to Fanta have included Tango, Mirinda, Sunkist, Slice, Sumol, Crush, Tropicana Twister and Orangina. Fanta was the drink to be produced by Coca-Cola, after the original Coca-Cola. In Japan the market often issues seasonal rare flavours like yuzu, in Greece there is a non-carbonated version of the original Orange Fanta, called Fanta Blue. In New Zealand, unlike the rest of Australasia, Fanta is visually branded with the logo used since 2008
4.
Sunkist (soft drink)
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Sunkist is a brand of primarily orange flavored soft drinks launched in 1979. Sunkist was first licensed by Sunkist Growers to the General Cinema Corporation, the soft drink was the idea of Mark Stevens, who foresaw the potential based on market research which indicated that, worldwide, orange was the third best selling soft drink flavor. It went national soon thereafter by being franchised mainly to leading Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola bottlers, the advertising slogan was fun, sun and the beach using TV and radio commercials with the Beach Boys hit song Good Vibrations as the brands theme. In 1980, Sunkist Orange Soda became the #1 orange soda in the USA, unlike many other competing orange sodas, Sunkist contains caffeine. In late 1984, Sunkist Soft Drinks was sold to Del Monte, from late 1986 until 2008, it was produced by Cadbury Schweppes under license through its Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages subsidiary. Following the demerger of Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages from Cadbury Schweppes, Sunkist is still the most popular orange soda in the United States. Sunkist is sold in the UK by Vimto Soft Drinks under license from Sunkist Growers and it is also sold in Australia by Schweppes Australia, but the Australian formulation is caffeine free. In Canada, a version of the orange drink is marketed as CPlus. The package indicates that there is an amount of Sunkist Juice. As of 2013, it is now sold by Asia Brewery, Dr Pepper Snapple Group also makes a diet version of Sunkist. “The Making of Harcourt General” Harvard Business School Press, pp. 106–107,153,173, note – the individual mentioned as Mark Sobell is also known as Mark Stevens. 1984 Sunkist Ad featuring the Good Vibrations theme song, YouTube video Retrieved on March 27,2008, 1984-85 Sunkist Ad featuring the Good Vibrations theme song, YouTube video Retrieved on May 12,2008. Cadbury Schweppes purchases Canada Dry and Sunkist soft drinks from RJR,1989 UK Sunkist Ad, YouTube video Retrieved on May 28,2008. Sunkist Soda - History Sunkist Soda - Products Sunkist Soda Montage — In-the-Beginning, YouTube video Retrieved on August 12,2011
5.
Crush (soft drink)
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Crush is a carbonated soft drink brand, originally marketed as an orange soda. It was invented by California beverage and extract chemist Neil C. Ward, most flavors of Crush are caffeine-free. In 1911, Clayton J. Howel, president and founder of the Orange Crush Company, partnered with Neil C. Ward, Ward made the recipe for Orange Crush. Howel was not new to the soft drink business, having earlier introduced Howel’s Orange Julep, soft drinks of the time often carried the surname of the inventor along with the product name. Howel sold the rights to use his name in conjunction with his first brand, therefore, Ward was given the honors, Crush was first premiered as Wards Orange Crush. Originally, Orange Crush included orange pulp in the bottles, giving it a fresh squeezed illusion even though the pulp was added rather than remaining from squeezed oranges, pulp has not been in the bottles for decades. Crush was purchased by Procter & Gamble in 1980, Procter & Gamble only manufactured bottlers base, which was a concentrate consisting of flavor and color. 1 milliliter of bottlers base was combined with syrup and carbonated water to create a 12-ounce bottle of Crush, in 1989, Cadbury Schweppes acquired Crush USA from Procter & Gamble Co. Cadbury Schweppes spun off its United States beverage business as Dr Pepper Snapple Group in 2008, the Crush brand and trademark are currently owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group of Plano, Texas. Crush is also popular in Canada, where it is distributed by subsidiary Canada Dry Motts and it is distributed by various Pepsi bottlers, the biggest being the Pepsi Bottling Group Canada. Other countries where Crush is sold are Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala, Lebanon, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Syria, Uruguay and at one time Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Bolivia. In some countries of Latin America the Crush brand is distributed by The Coca-Cola Company, using the same colors, several flavors are available at most stores throughout North America, however, others are distributed only within small markets. Pineapple Crush and Birch Beer Crush, for instance, are found in both can and single serving bottle in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador and in Fort McMurray, Alberta
6.
Slice (drink)
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Slice is a line of fruit-flavored soft drinks manufactured by PepsiCo and introduced in 1984. Varieties of Slice have included lemon-lime, apple, fruit punch, grape, passionfruit, peach, Mandarin orange, pineapple, strawberry, Pink Lemonade, Cherry Cola, Red, Cherry-Lime, until 1994, the drink contained 10% fruit juice. Slice was a big success upon release, inspiring other juice-infused drinks based on already existing juice brands, such as Coca-Colas Minute Maid orange soda, by May 1987, Slice held 3.2 percent of the soft drink market. One year later, it had fallen to 2.1 percent and was below 2 percent in June 1988, the original design of the can was a solid color related to the flavor of the drink. These were replaced in 1994 with black cans that featured colorful bursts related to the flavor of the drink, in 1997, the cans became blue with color-coordinated swirls. The original orange flavor was reformulated around this time with the new slogan, Its orange, orange Slice has since been changed back to its original flavor. In the summer of 2000, lemon-lime Slice was replaced in most markets by Sierra Mist, the rest of the Slice line was replaced in most markets by Tropicana Twister Soda in the summer of 2005, although the Dr. Slice variety can still be found in some fountains. In early 2006, Pepsi resurrected the Slice name for a new line of diet soda called Slice ONE, marketed exclusively at Wal-Mart stores, Slice ONE was available in orange, grape and berry flavors, all sweetened with Splenda. As of 2009, Slice was available solely from Wal-Mart Stores, Slice was launched in India in 1993 as a mango flavored drink and quickly went on to become a leading player in the category, In India, Slice Mango is promoted by Bollywood actress, Katrina Kaif. Slice mango is also available in Pakistan, orange Slice commercial - A1997 commercial marketing the reformulated Slice
7.
Mirinda
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Mirinda is a brand of soft drink originally created in Spain in 1959, with global distribution. Its name means admirable in Esperanto, spoken by its creator and it is part of a beverage area often referred to as the flavor segment, comprising carbonated and non-carbonated fruit-flavored beverages. The orange flavor of Mirinda now represents the majority of Mirinda sales worldwide following a major repositioning of the brand towards that flavor in the early 1990s, Mirinda has been owned by PepsiCo since 1970 and is primarily commercialized outside United States. It competes with Coca-Colas Fanta and Dr Peppers Orange Crush or Sunkist brands, as with most soft drinks, Mirinda is available in multiple formulations of flavour, carbonation and sweetener depending on the taste of individual markets. Mirinda was originally produced in Spain and it became available in the United States in late 2003 in bilingual packaging, and initially sold at a reduced price, presumably to become a competitor against Cokes Fanta brand. Since 2005, Mirinda flavours have largely been sold under the Tropicana Twister Soda brand in the United States except in Guam, where Pepsi began selling it under the Mirinda brand in 2007. Pepsico also tried to sell Mirinda in Brazil in late 1996, in Italy, it is sold under the brand Slam. Mirinda campaigns over the years have included the Mirinda Woman campaign in the 1970s, the Mirinda Craver ads produced by Jim Henson from 1975 to 1978 involved a monster called the Mirinda Craver craving the Mirinda drinks and will do anything to obtain a Mirinda drink. A campaign between 1994 and 1996 used the tag-line The Taste is in Mirinda with the Blue Man Group, in some markets, including Mexico, the Blue Man Group campaign re-launched Mirinda away from a multi-flavor positioning to a brand solely focused on the orange flavor. The Blue Man Group campaign showed the Blue Man Group competing to drink orange Mirinda, also in Mexico, Mirinda launched a campaign with the Pokémon anime series aimed at children with a promotion of gadgets with the characters of the manga series. Mirinda advertising campaigns over the last fifteen years have been handled by Pepsis stable of creative agencies, including BBDO, Mirinda has good sales in India, it uses Pagalpanti Bhi Zaruri Hai as sales tagline while Indian actress Asin is the brand ambassador of Mirinda in India. It also launched the Mirinda Pagalpanti League campaign in India to connect youths around the nation, Coca-Colas brand Fanta is the major competitor of Mirinda in the Indian markets. The most popular flavours of Mirinda in India include orange and lime, Mirinda regularly introduces special movie-themed editions in Asia. Recent ones included Batman and Superman, Mirinda has also recently released a new flavor of drinks called Mirinda creme. They come in three flavours, mango, raspberry and lime, Mirinda is no longer sold in New Zealand, replaced with the introduction of Pepsicos new Mountain Dew range of similar flavors. Mirinda is also sold in France in Arab stores, Arab fast foods and also in some of the Large French Hypermarkets like Carrefour, Auchan, with flavors of apple, raspberry, pineapple, strawberry, red apple and orange either in little cans or in 2 liter bottles
8.
Tango (drink)
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Tango is a soft drink primarily sold in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Norway, Hungary and Malta, first launched by Corona in 1950 the name Tango came from Ivan Colman saying it had a tang. Corona were bought by the Beecham Group in 1958, and Corona Soft Drinks were bought by Britvic in 1987, in Scandinavia the drink is distributed by SMX Drinks AB. Originally, Tango was the name of the flavour in a range of different flavoured drinks. In the 1990s, long after the products in the range had been discontinued, the Tango brand was expanded into other flavours, including apple, lemon, cherry, blackcurrant. As of September 2016, the flavours available in the United Kingdom include orange, apple, blackcurrant, cherry and citrus, in addition to flavours of the slushpuppy-style Tango Ice Blast range. Tango is well known in the United Kingdom for their advertisements, advertisements for Tango attracted attention in the 1990s, when they became well known, for their distinctively bizarre and post modern tone. The drinks first ironic campaign introduced the catchphrase You know when youve been Tangod, the campaign began in 1992 with an advert, Orange Man, featuring a man drinking Tango and immediately being slapped around the face, by a portly man painted orange. Tango voluntarily replaced the slapping advert with an almost identical new version, the original version was named the third best television commercial of all time, in a poll in 2000 conducted by The Sunday Times and Channel 4. This latter advert was featured in the first advert break on Channel 5, in March 2000, an advert, which premièred in 1998 featuring James Corden being bullied for not drinking Tango was banned, because it was seen as encouraging the bullying of overweight children. The replacement was a satirically inoffensive advert, Drink Tango, Its Nice, during August 1999, Tango teamed up with the newspapers Daily Mail and Daily Record to extend their summer peak sells period in a campaign called Tango Time. The main thread of the activity was a competition where a time of day is printed on the base of cans of Tango. The winning Tango Time was published in the Daily Mirror and Daily Record, the newspaper adverts were trailed by branding on the front page, including a free offer for a bottle of Tango. The adverts containing the winning Tango Time ran for twenty six days in August 1999, players must stand underneath and take part in a game of drench roulette to win prizes. In August 2009, a billboard campaign extolled the weird and wonderful side effects of drinking too much Tango with added Tango Orange. The British press pointed out that the initials of Tango With Added Tango spelled the insult twat when read vertically, many of these advertisements incorporate a send-away prize, including a rubber doll or a clown horn. Tango sponsored the television show The Word in 1994, and the Underage Festival in 2010 and they have also hold sponsorship for the Blackpool Pleasure Beach ride Ice Blast, The Ride since 2004. Historically, slogans have included You Taste the Tang in Tango Every Sparkling Sip You Take in the 1960s, Blackcurrant Tango is a carbonated soft drink launched in the United Kingdom by Britvic Soft Drinks Ltd in 1996. The drink is notable for the multiple award-winning television commercial from 1997, St George, the drink has since been discontinued
9.
Bluna
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Bluna is an orange soft drink produced by the German Mineralbrunnen Überkingen-Teinach AG, the same company, which produces the better-known Afri-Cola, since 1994. In 1952, the company F. Blumhoffer Nachfolger GmbH started to produce Bluna and it became a hit among consumers. In 1965, it started being sold in cans. Today, Bluna is sold in four flavors, orange, lime, lemon and it is sold in both 1- or 2-Liter bottles in stores and smaller 0. 33-Liter bottles for restaurants. Bluna was exported to Saudi Arabia from Germany during the 80s and early 90s, Today its locally produced
10.
International availability of Fanta
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Fanta is a global brand of fruit-flavoured soft drink from the Coca-Cola Company. There are over 90 flavours worldwide, however, most of them are available by region in some countries. It is provided in smaller cans and consists of two elements, carbon acid and a jelly substance and you have to shake the can, before drinking it. This product was aimed at teenagers and Fanta lovers, but the drink has become popular with salarymen, after a short run this product was discontinued and brought back for another short run in 2011. This product is again out of production. Beverages which are not part of the Fanta range are frequently preceded by the word Fanta, for example Fanta Coca for Coca-Cola. Orange Grape Red Soda - This flavour is now listed on the packaging, before, it was just called red soda or nam dang. Red Fanta has been endorsed by the King of Thailand as one of his preferred drinks. Glasses and open bottles of red Fanta are often seen as offerings on the small altars displayed in most Thai homes and they represent blood offerings in Thai animistic beliefs. Green Soda - This flavour is not listed on the packaging and it is just called green soda or nam quiew. The taste is similar to a green jelly drink that is popular in Thailand. Blueberry Pineapple, Banana & Orange Icy Lemon Lime Tastes similar to Lucozade, love Blueberry Splash Lime Lychee Mango Pineapple Root Beer Sala berry Watermelon It is called Fanta Cannings in Trinidad and Tobago. Raspberry and Passionfruit and Apple and Sour Cherry contains Stevia, Orange - Lemon - Was called Lemonade and Icy Lemon for many years. Fruit Twist – orange, peach and passionfruit flavored, Mango and Passionfruit - Mango and Passion-fruit flavoured, released as a limited edition in 2012, became permanent in 2013. Raspberry and Passionfruit Apple and Sour Cherry Zero Orange – sugar-free Fanta Orange, was originally called Diet Fanta Orange, Fanta Light Orange and Fanta Z Orange. Zero Icy Lemon – sugar-free Fanta Lemon, Hard to Find, was originally called Diet Fanta Lemon, Fanta Light Icy Lemon and Fanta Z Icy Lemon Zero Fruit Twist. Apple And Sour Cherry - Released as an edition in mid 2015. Zero Apple – A no sugar, Apple Flavored Fanta, launched in 2006 as Fanta Z Apple, and renamed to Fanta Zero Apple a few months later
11.
Cola
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Cola is a sweetened, carbonated soft drink, derived from drinks that contain caffeine from the kola nut and non-cocaine derivatives from coca leaves, flavored with vanilla and other ingredients. Most colas now use other flavoring ingredients with a similar taste, Colas became popular worldwide after pharmacist John Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in 1886. His non-alcoholic recipe was inspired by the wine of pharmacist Angelo Mariani. Modern colas usually contain caramel color, caffeine, and sweeteners such as sugar or high fructose corn syrup, despite the name, the primary modern flavoring ingredients in a cola drink are sugar, citrus oils, cinnamon, vanilla, and an acidic flavorant. Manufacturers of cola drinks add trace ingredients to create different tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include nutmeg and a variety of ingredients. Acidity is often provided by phosphoric acid, sometimes accompanied by citric or other isolated acids, coca-Colas recipe is maintained as a corporate trade secret. A variety of different sweeteners may be added to cola, often dependent on local agricultural policy. High-fructose corn syrup is used in the United States and Canada due to the lower cost of government-subsidized corn. In Europe, however, HFCS is subject to production quotas designed to encourage the production of sugar, sugar is typically used to sweeten sodas. In addition, stevia or an artificial sweetener may be used, Cola can be manufactured with sugar as in Mexican Coca-Cola. Kosher for Passover Coca-Cola sold in the U. S. around the Jewish holiday also uses sucrose rather than HFCS and is highly sought after by people who prefer the original taste. In addition, PepsiCo has recently been marketing versions of its Pepsi and these are marketed under the name Throwback and became permanent products. Clear cola is a variety of cola produced in the early 1990s. Brands included Crystal Pepsi, Tab Clear,7 Up Ice Cola, a 2007 study found that consumption of colas, both those with natural sweetening and those with artificial sweetening, was associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The phosphoric acid used in colas was thought to be a possible cause, studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A. The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, a link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake and osteoporosis in older women. This was thought to be due to the presence of acid
12.
Nazi Germany
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Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Under Hitlers rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over all aspects of life. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich from 1933 to 1943, the period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period. The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933. The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all opposition and consolidate its power. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934, and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the powers and offices of the Chancellery, a national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer of Germany. All power was centralised in Hitlers person, and his word became above all laws, the government was not a coordinated, co-operating body, but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitlers favour. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending, extensive public works were undertaken, including the construction of Autobahnen. The return to economic stability boosted the regimes popularity, racism, especially antisemitism, was a central feature of the regime. The Germanic peoples were considered by the Nazis to be the purest branch of the Aryan race, millions of Jews and other peoples deemed undesirable by the state were murdered in the Holocaust. Opposition to Hitlers rule was ruthlessly suppressed, members of the liberal, socialist, and communist opposition were killed, imprisoned, or exiled. The Christian churches were also oppressed, with many leaders imprisoned, education focused on racial biology, population policy, and fitness for military service. Career and educational opportunities for women were curtailed, recreation and tourism were organised via the Strength Through Joy program, and the 1936 Summer Olympics showcased the Third Reich on the international stage. Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels made effective use of film, mass rallies, the government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific art forms and banning or discouraging others. Beginning in the late 1930s, Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands and it seized Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939. Hitler made a pact with Joseph Stalin and invaded Poland in September 1939. In alliance with Italy and smaller Axis powers, Germany conquered most of Europe by 1940, reichskommissariats took control of conquered areas, and a German administration was established in what was left of Poland. Jews and others deemed undesirable were imprisoned, murdered in Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the tide gradually turned against the Nazis, who suffered major military defeats in 1943
13.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
14.
Economic sanctions
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An embargo is the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country or a group of countries. Embargoes are considered strong diplomatic measures imposed in an effort, by the imposing country, embargoes are similar to economic sanctions and are generally considered legal barriers to trade, not to be confused with blockades, which are often considered to be acts of war. In response to embargoes, an independent economy or autarky often develops in an area subjected to heavy embargo, effectiveness of embargoes is thus in proportion to the extent and degree of international participation. Companies must be aware of embargoes that apply to the export destination. Embargo check is difficult for both importers and exporters to follow, before exporting or importing to other countries, firstly, they must be aware of embargoes. Sometimes the situation even more complicated with the changing of politics of a country. If an embargo situation exists, the blocks the transaction for further processing. The Embargo of 1807 was a series of laws passed by the U. S. Congress 1806–1808, during the second term of President Thomas Jefferson. Britain and France were engaged in a war, the U. S. wanted to remain neutral. The American national-interest goal was to use the new laws to avoid war, one of the most comprehensive attempts at an embargo happened during the Napoleonic Wars. In an attempt to cripple the United Kingdom economically, the Continental System – which forbade European nations from trading with the UK – was created, in practice it was not completely enforceable and was as harmful if not more so to the nations involved than to the British. The United States imposed an embargo on Cuba on February 7,1962, referred to by Cuba as el bloqueo, the US embargo on Cuba remains one of the longest-standing embargoes. The embargo was embraced by few of the United States allies, in 1973–1974, Arab nations imposed an oil embargo against the United States and other industrialized nations that supported Israel in the Yom Kippur War. China, arms embargo, enacted in response to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, enacted 1979, increased through the following years and reached its tightest point in 2010. North Korea, luxury goods, enacted 2006 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, consumer goods, Indonesia, live cattle because of cruel slaughter methods in Indonesia. Gaza Strip by Israel since 2001, under blockade since 2007 due to the large number of illicit arms traffic used to wage war. Syria, arms and imports of oil, EU, US, Australia, Canada and Norway since August 2014, beef, pork, fruit and vegetable produce, poultry, fish, cheese, milk and dairy. On August 13,2015, the embargo was expanded to Albania, Montenegro, Switzerland, Japan, Iceland, federal Republic of Yugoslavia North Vietnam and later Vietnam, trade embargo by the US Republic of Macedonia, complete trade embargo
15.
Coca-Cola
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Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company. The drinks name refers to two of its ingredients, which were kola nuts and coca leaves. The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a secret, although a variety of reported recipes. The Coca-Cola Company produces concentrate, which is sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce the product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water. A typical 12-US-fluid-ounce can contains 38 grams of sugar, the bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores, restaurants and vending machines throughout the world. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains of major restaurants, the Coca-Cola Company has on occasion introduced other cola drinks under the Coke name. Based on Interbrands best global brand study of 2015, Coca-Cola was the third most valuable brand. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries worldwide, confederate Colonel John Pemberton, who was wounded in the American Civil War and became addicted to morphine, began a quest to find a substitute for the problematic drug. The prototype Coca-Cola recipe was formulated at Pembertons Eagle Drug and Chemical House and he may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a French coca wine. It is also worth noting that a Spanish drink called Kola Coca was presented at a contest in Philadelphia in 1885, the patent for this Spanish drink was bought by Coca-Cola in 1953. In 1885, Pemberton registered his French Wine Coca nerve tonic, in 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, a nonalcoholic version of French Wine Coca. The first sales were at Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, headaches, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the year in the Atlanta Journal. By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola – sold by three separate businesses – were on the market, a co-partnership had been formed on January 14,1888 between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen, J. C. Mayfield, A. O. Not codified by any signed document, a statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pembertons company as early as 1887. John Pemberton declared that the name Coca-Cola belonged to his son, Charley, Charleys exclusive control over the Coca Cola name became a continual thorn in Asa Candlers side. Candlers oldest son, Charles Howard Candler, authored a book in 1950 published by Emory University, in this definitive biography about his father, Candler specifically states
16.
Italy
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Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
17.
Europe
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Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are arbitrary. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres, or 2% of the Earths surface, politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a population of about 740 million as of 2015. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast, Europe, in particular ancient Greece, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the period, marked the end of ancient history. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art, and science led to the modern era, from the Age of Discovery onwards, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. In 1955, the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill and it includes all states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, the EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The European Anthem is Ode to Joy and states celebrate peace, in classical Greek mythology, Europa is the name of either a Phoenician princess or of a queen of Crete. The name contains the elements εὐρύς, wide, broad and ὤψ eye, broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. For the second part also the divine attributes of grey-eyed Athena or ox-eyed Hera. The same naming motive according to cartographic convention appears in Greek Ανατολή, Martin Litchfield West stated that phonologically, the match between Europas name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor. Next to these there is also a Proto-Indo-European root *h1regʷos, meaning darkness. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to the continent, in some Turkic languages the originally Persian name Frangistan is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa
18.
Orange juice
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Orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree, produced by squeezing oranges. It comes in different varieties, including blood orange, navel oranges, valencia orange, clementine. As well as variations in oranges used, some varieties include differing amounts of vesicles, known as pulp in American English. These vesicles contain the juice of the orange and can be left in or removed during the manufacturing process, how juicy these vesicles are depend upon many factors, such as species, variety, and season. In American English, the name may be abbreviated as OJ. Orange juice is offered to every visitor at each of the states five Florida Welcome Centers, commercial orange juice with a long shelf life is made by drying and later rehydrating the juice, or by concentrating the juice and later adding water to the concentrate. Prior to drying, the juice may also be pasteurized and oxygen removed from it, necessitating the addition of a flavor pack. The health value of orange juice is debatable and it has a high concentration of vitamin C, but also a very high concentration of simple sugars, comparable to soft drinks. As a result, some government nutritional advice has been adjusted to encourage substitution of orange juice with raw fruit, which is digested more slowly, during World War II, American soldiers rejected vitamin C-packed lemon crystals because of their unappetizing taste. Thus the government searched for a food that would fulfill the needs of the soldiers, have a desirable taste. The federal government, the Florida department of Citrus, along with a group of scientists desired to develop a product to canned orange juice. Unfortunately, frozen concentrated orange juice was developed three years after the war had ended, by 1949, orange juice processing plants in Florida were producing over 10 million gallons of concentrated orange juice. Consumers were captivated with the idea of concentrated canned orange juice as it was affordable, tasty, convenient, the preparation was simple, thaw the juice, add water, and stir. However, by the 1980s, food scientists developed a more fresh-tasting juice known as reconstituted ready to serve juice. Eventually in the 1990s, “not from concentrate” orange juice was developed, a cup serving of raw, fresh orange juice, amounting to 248 grams or 8 ounces, has 124 mg of vitamin C. It has 20.8 g of sugars and has 112 Calories and it also supplies potassium, thiamin, and folate. Citrus juices contain flavonoids that may have health benefits, Orange juice is also a source of the antioxidant hesperidin. Because of its citric acid content, orange juice is acidic, commercial squeezed orange juice is pasteurized and filtered before being evaporated under vacuum and heat
19.
Whey
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Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a byproduct of the manufacture of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses, sweet whey is manufactured during the making of rennet types of hard cheese like Cheddar or Swiss cheese. Acid whey is a byproduct produced during the making of types of dairy products such as cottage cheese or strained yogurt. Whey proteins consist of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, serum albumin, immunoglobulins, to produce cheese, rennet or an edible acid is added to heated milk. This makes the milk coagulate or curdle, separating the milk solids from the liquid whey, sweet whey is the byproduct of rennet-coagulated cheese, and acid whey is the byproduct of acid-coagulated cheese. Sweet whey has a pH greater than or equal to 5.6, Whey is used to produce whey cheeses such as ricotta, whey butter, so-called brunost, and many other products for human consumption. The fat content of whey is low, for example 1,000 kg of whey are required to make typically 1 kg of whey butter and it is also an additive in many processed foods, including breads, crackers, and commercial pastry, and in animal feed. Whey proteins consist primarily of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin, depending on the method of manufacture, whey may also contain glycomacropeptides. Dairy whey remaining from home-made cheesemaking has many uses and it is a flour conditioner and can be substituted for skim milk in most baked good recipes that require milk. Whey protein is often sold as a nutritional supplement, such supplements are especially popular in the sport of bodybuilding. In Switzerland, where production is an important industry, whey is used as the basis for carbonated soft drinks such as Rivella. In Iceland, liquid whey is sold as Mysa, throughout history, whey was a popular drink in inns and coffee houses. When Joseph Priestley was at college at Daventry Academy, 1752–1755, he records that, on the morning of Wednesday,22 May 1754 and this was probably sack whey or wine whey. ”Whey was also used in central Spain to enrich bakery products. In some traditions, it was used instead of water to produce bread dough, in areas where cheese is made, excess whey byproduct is sometimes sprayed over hay fields as a fertilizer. Historically whey, being a byproduct of cheese making, was considered a product and was pumped into rivers. Containing protein, this led to the growth of large concentrations of algae which were deemed to be an environmental hazard. The government eventually prohibited this practice led to a disposal problem for producers. Their first solution was to use it as a filler in the production of ice cream
20.
Pomace
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Pomace, or marc, is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit, Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy and grape seed oil. Today, it is used as fodder, as fertilizer. Pomace is derived from the Latin pomum, the English were the first to use the term pomace to refer to the byproduct of cider production. In the Middle Ages, pomace wine with a low content of three or four percent was widely available. This wine was made by adding water to pomace and then fermenting it, generally, medieval wines were not fermented to dryness, consequently the pomace would retain some residual sugar after fermenting. The Ancient Greeks and Romans used pomace to create a wine that later known as piquette. This was an inferior wine normally given to slaves and common workers, after the wine grapes had been pressed twice, the pomace was soaked in water for a day and pressed for a third time. The resulting liquid was mixed with water to produce a thin. Apple pomace is used to produce pectin and can be used to make ciderkin. Grape pomace is used to produce pomace brandy and piquette, most wine-producing cultures began making some type of pomace brandy after the principles of distillation were understood. Pomace in winemaking differs, depending upon whether white wine or red wine is being produced, in red wine production, pomace is produced after the free run juice is poured off, leaving behind dark blackish-red debris consisting of grape skins and stems. The color of red wine is derived from skin contact during the maceration period, the resulting pomace is more alcoholic and tannic than pomace produced from white wine production. Pomace from the Italian wine Amarone is macerated in Valpolicella wine to produce Ripasso, in white wine production, grapes are quickly pressed after crushing to avoid skin contact with pomace as a byproduct of the pressing. The resulting debris is a pale, greenish-brown color and contains more sugars than it contains tannins. This is the normally used in brandy production. Pomace is produced in quantities in wine production, with disposal an important environmental consideration. Some wineries use the material as fertilizer, while others are selling it to companies for renewable energy
21.
Amsterdam
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Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper,1,351,587 in the urban area, the city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe. Amsterdams name derives from Amstelredamme, indicative of the citys origin around a dam in the river Amstel, during that time, the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were planned, the 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19–20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered a world city by the Globalization. The city is also the capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, and seven of the worlds 500 largest companies, including Philips and ING, are based in the city. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit and 12th globally on quality of living for environment, the city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Amsterdam seaport to this day remains the second in the country, famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank, artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in the world, is located in the city center. After the floods of 1170 and 1173, locals near the river Amstel built a bridge over the river, the earliest recorded use of that name is in a document dated October 27,1275, which exempted inhabitants of the village from paying bridge tolls to Count Floris V. This allowed the inhabitants of the village of Aemstelredamme to travel freely through the County of Holland, paying no tolls at bridges, locks, the certificate describes the inhabitants as homines manentes apud Amestelledamme. By 1327, the name had developed into Aemsterdam, Amsterdam is much younger than Dutch cities such as Nijmegen, Rotterdam, and Utrecht. In October 2008, historical geographer Chris de Bont suggested that the land around Amsterdam was being reclaimed as early as the late 10th century. This does not necessarily mean there was already a settlement then, since reclamation of land may not have been for farming—it may have been for peat. Amsterdam was granted city rights in either 1300 or 1306, from the 14th century on, Amsterdam flourished, largely from trade with the Hanseatic League
22.
The Fantanas
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The Fantanas are a group of spokesmodels who were created to promote the Fanta brand of soft drinks in the United States. The quartet has appeared since 2002 in advertising and personal appearances, there have been four different Fantanas rosters. He later talked with an advertising mogul, Paul Gurbel, in a fictional New York City restaurant who brought them to the United States, in actuality, the advertisements were created by Ogilvy and Mather in 2002. The original roster of Fantanas sported an island/party style, in 2004, the Fantanas returned with a new look inspired by the mod fashion styles of the late 1960s. The members were, Capri - red Kiki - orange, leader Lola - yellow Sophia - purple In 2006, the roster of Fantanas was introduced. The commercials featuring this Fantanas roster were filmed in Argentina, the members are, Kaia - red Amie - orange, leader. Mimi - yellow Sophia - purple, character held over from the second incarnation In April 2009, each of the Fantanas would have an individual fashion style. This roster of the Fantanas had these members, Summer - orange, indie, organic hippie style, melody - purple, musical, punk, rockstar style. Isabela - red, fashionable, sexy, chic style, lily - yellow, cute, chic style. Brittany was voted the winner of the 4th Fantana Search in summer/fall 2010, the Fantanas were twice parodied on the sketch comedy series MADtv. Both appearances starred Daniele Gaither as Capri, Stephnie Weir as Lola, Nicole Parker as Kiki, in the Peters Daughter episode of Family Guy, first shown on November 25,2007, the Fantanas were parodied as four elderly women promoting Sanka. The Australian comedian Pam Ann uses the Fantana jingle as a catchphrase when she does her routine as the Iberia Airlines stewardess Conchita Rosa María González Gómez in her shows, fantas website Fantanas at TV Acres Adrienne Janics website Dena Calis website
23.
Ogilvy & Mather
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Ogilvy & Mather is a New York City-based advertising, marketing and public relations agency. It is part of the WPP Group, one of the largest marketing and communications companies in the world, the agency is known for its work with Dove, American Express, and IBM. After Edmunds death in 1886, his son, Harley Lawrence Mather, partnered with Herbert Oakes Crowther, the agency pioneered newspaper advertising, which was in its infancy due to a loosening of tax restrictions. Mather & Crowther educated manufacturers about the efficacy of advertising and also produced how-to manuals for the nascent advertising industry, the company grew in prominence in the 1920s after creating leading non-branded advertising campaigns such as an apple a day keeps the doctor away and Drinka Pinta Milka Day. In 1921, Mather & Crowther hired Francis Ogilvy as a copywriter, Ogilvy eventually became the first non-family member to chair the agency. When the agency launched the Aga cooker, a Swedish cook stove, Francis composed letters in Greek to appeal to British public schools, Francis also helped his younger brother, David Ogilvy, secure a position as an Aga salesman. The younger Ogilvy was so successful at selling the cooker, he wrote a manual for the company in 1935 called The Theory. It was later called probably the best sales manual ever written by Fortune magazine, David Ogilvy sent the manual to Francis who was persuaded to hire him as a trainee. Ogilvy began studying advertising, particularly campaigns from America, which he viewed as the gold standard, in 1938, David Ogilvy convinced Francis to send him to the United States on sabbatical to study American advertising. After a year, Ogilvy presented 32 basic rules of good advertising to Mather & Crowther, in 1948, David Ogilvy proposed that Mather & Crowther and another U. K. agency, S. H. Benson, partner to create an American advertising agency in New York City to support British advertising clients, the agencies each invested US$40,000 in the venture, but insisted Ogilvy find a more experienced American to run it. David Ogilvy recruited Anderson Hewitt from J. Walter Thompson to serve as president, Ogilvy would serve as secretary, treasurer, and research director. Along with their British sponsors, which held controlling interest, Hewitt mortgaged his house and invested $14,000 in the agency, on September 23,1948, David Ogilvy opened his United States shop as Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather on Madison Avenue in Manhattan. Initially, Mather & Crowther and S. H, Benson gave the agency four clients that were relatively unknown in the United States and had small budgets, including Wedgwood China, British South African Airways, Guinness, and Bovril. The agencys first account was securing magazine advertising space for Wedgwood and it had its first successful ad with Ogilvys concept The Guinness Guide to Oysters, which was followed by several other similar food and Guinness pairing guides. Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mathers first large client was Sunoco, helena Rubinstein cosmetics was the first client won by Ogilvy. A breakthrough came after the agency was approached by Maine-based shirt manufacturer C. F. Hathaway Company, the company only had a small budget, but its president promised to never change a word of copy. In 1951, Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson, & Mather introduced the The man in the Hathaway shirt campaign, the advertisement featured an aristocratic man in an eyepatch that Ogilvy purchased on the way to the ads photo shoot
24.
Sambucus
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Sambucus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae. The various species are commonly called elder or elderberry, the genus was formerly placed in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, but was reclassified due to genetic and morphological comparisons to Adoxa. In Sambucus, there are between 5 and 30 species of shrubs, small trees and herbaceous perennial plants. The genus occurs in temperate to subtropical regions of the world, more widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, its Southern Hemisphere occurrence is restricted to parts of Australasia and South America. Many species are cultivated for their ornamental leaves, flowers. The leaves are pinnate with 5–9 leaflets, each leaf is 5–30 cm long, and the leaflets have serrated margins. They bear large clusters of white or cream-colored flowers in late spring. Sambucus australis Sambucus canadensis Sambucus cerulea, western North America, dark blue-black berries with glaucous bloom on surface, Sambucus javanica Sambucus nigra This is the species most often used medicinally. The flowers are in rounded panicles, but the berries are black, it is a small shrub, some botanists include it in the red-berried elder group. The flowers are in rounded panicles, and the berries are red, they are smaller shrubs. The flowers are in rounded panicles, and the white or yellow. Sambucus adnata Sambucus ebulus Other species, Sambucus melanocarpa Gray Sambucus neomexicana Wooton Sambucus velutina Dur, ornamental varieties of Sambucus are grown in gardens for their showy flowers, fruits and lacy foliage. Native species of elderberry are often planted by people wishing to support native butterfly, elderberry fruit or flowers are used as dietary supplements for minor diseases such as flu, colds, constipation, and other conditions, often served as a tea, extract, or in a capsule. There is insufficient research to know its effectiveness for such uses or its safety profile, raw elderberries are 80% water, 18% carbohydrates, and less than 1% each of protein and fat. In a 100 gram amount, elderberries supply 73 calories and are a source of vitamin C. Elderberries also have moderate contents of vitamin B6 and iron, with no other nutrients in significant content, the French, Austrians and Central Europeans produce elderflower syrup, commonly made from an extract of elderflower blossoms, which is added to Palatschinken filling instead of blueberries. People throughout much of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe use a method to make a syrup which is diluted with water. In Germany, yoghurt desserts are made both the berries and the flowers
25.
Sumol + Compal
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Sumol + Compal S. A. is a Portuguese food and beverages company specializing in soft drink production and bottling. It also has operations in the sectors of plastic and glass bottle manufacturing and their brands include Sumol, Compal, Sucol, Tagus, Frize, Um Bongo and Água Serra da Estrela. It was founded in 2008 through the merger of Sumol and Compal, Sumol + Compal operates in Europe and Africa. Its head office is in Carnaxide and it has factories in Almeirim, Gouveia, Pombal, Vila Flor and Boane. Blendz Compal Clássico Compal Light Compal Fresh Compal Vital Essential Compal Um Bongo Compal 100% Água Serra da Estrela Frize Tagus Grolsch Compal da Horta Lipton Ice Tea Gallo Ucal Official site
26.
Tropicana Twister
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Tropicana Products, Inc. is an American multinational company which primarily makes fruit-based beverages. It was founded in 1947 by Anthony T, since 1998 it has been owned by PepsiCo. Tropicanas headquarters are in Chicago, Illinois, the company specializes in the production of orange juice. Rossi was born in Italy on the island of Sicily and he had the equivalent of a high school education and immigrated to the United States when he was 21 years old. He drove a taxi, was a grocer in New York, farmed in Virginia and his first involvement with the Florida citrus industry was fresh fruit gift boxes sold by Macys and Gimbels department stores in New York City, New York. In 1947, Rossi settled in Palmetto, Florida and began packing fruit gift boxes, as the fruit segment business grew, the company moved to a larger location in east Bradenton, Florida and changed its name to Fruit Industries. The ingredients for the fresh fruit salads on the menu of New York’s famed Waldorf-Astoria Hotel were supplied by Fruit Industries, at the east Bradenton location, Rossi began producing frozen concentrate orange juice as a natural extension of the fruit section business. In 1952, with growth of the orange juice business in mind, the fresh fruit segments and orange juice business were so successful that he discontinued production of fruit boxes. He developed flash pasteurization in 1954, a process that rapidly raised the temperature of juice for a time to preserve its fresh taste. For the first time, consumers could have the taste of pure not-from-concentrate juice in a ready to serve chilled package. The juice, Tropicana Pure Premium, became the flagship product. She appeared prominently on the juice cartons and even the cars used to transport the juice. Her image was diminished and finally phased out during the 1980s, Ed Price was hired as executive vice president and director in 1955 and represented the company as chairman of the Florida Citrus Commission. In 1957, the name was changed to Tropicana Products. Tropicana purchased one million dollars worth of refrigerated trucks to deliver Pure Premium, soon,2,000 dairies delivered Pure Premium orange juice to the doorsteps of consumers each morning. By 1958, a ship, S. S. Tropicana, was taking 1.5 million US gallons of juice to New York each week from the new base at Cape Canaveral, from 1960 to 1970, Tropicana utilized TOFC to move the juice more efficiently. In 1970, Tropicana orange juice was shipped as finished goods via refrigerated boxcars in one weekly round-trip from Florida to Kearny, by the following year, the company was operating two 65-car unit trains a week, each carrying around 1 million US gallons of juice. The Great White Juice Train commenced service on June 7,1971 over the 1, an additional 100 cars were soon incorporated into the fleet, and small mechanical refrigeration units were installed to keep temperatures constant on hot days
27.
Orangina
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Orangina is a lightly carbonated beverage made from water and 12% citrus pulp. Orangina was invented at a fair in France, developed by Dr. Augustin Trigo Mirallès from Spain. Today it is a beverage in Europe, Japan, northern Africa. Since November 2009, Orangina has been owned by Suntory in most of the world, in the United States, the brand has been owned by the Dr Pepper Snapple Group since 2006. In Canada, the brand is owned by Canada Dry Motts Inc, drunk annually by 500 million consumers worldwide, the famous little round bottle was created in 1930 in Boufarik, in the south of Algiers. Production remained there until 1967, when it relocated to Marseille, the famous soda is now known in several countries due to its special taste and its original advertising campaign especially the famous slogan « Shake Me. » Orangina started as Naranjina, presented at the 1935 Marseille Trade Fair by its Spanish inventor, chemist Dr. Trigo, from Valencia, the drink was created from a mix of citrus juice, sugar, and carbonated water. It was later called TriNaranjus for the Spanish market, Léon Beton bought the concept and recipe for Naranjina in 1935. However, the outbreak of conflicts, notably World War II. His son, Jean-Claude Beton, took over the company from his father in 1947, Jean-Claude Beton kept most of the original recipe, which he marketed to appeal in European and North African consumers. Orangina quickly became a common beverage throughout French North Africa, in 1951, Jean-Claude Beton introduced Oranginas iconic signature 8-ounce bottle, which became a symbol of the brand. The bottle is shaped like an orange, with a texture designed to mimic the fruit. Production was moved to the city of Marseille in metropolitan France in 1962 in the run-up to Algerias independence, Orangina was first launched in the United States in 1978 under the brand name, Orelia, which was later reverted to Orangina. The company, created by Beton, joined the Pernod Ricard group in 1984, in 2000, the Orangina brand was acquired by Cadbury Schweppes along with Pernod Ricards other soda businesses, after an attempt to sell to Coca-Cola was blocked on anti-competitive grounds. In 2006 Cadbury plc decided to concentrate on the chocolate business, as the number three soda producer globally, neither of the bigger two could buy it, so eventually the company was split up to sell. In the United States, the brand is owned by Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc, the drink was introduced in the United States in 1978, under the name Orelia, but this name was abandoned in favor of the original in 1985. Production of Orangina has since moved back to Canada, as Motts is now part of Dr Pepper Snapple, in Canada, Orangina is also imported by Canada Dry Motts from Europe. From 2006, private equity firms Blackstone Group and Lion Capital LLP owned the brand outside North America under the company name Orangina Schweppes, in November 2009, its ownership changed once again when it was bought by Japanese brewer Suntory
28.
Royal Tru
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Royal Tru is a carbonated fruit-flavored soft drink brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company that is only available in the Philippines. The brand was introduced in 1922 by the original San Miguel Brewery, since being acquired by Coca-Colas Philippine unit in 2007, the brand has become the Philippine counterpart of Coca-Colas Fanta brand. The brand was first introduced in the 1922 by the original San Miguel Brewery as its first non-alcoholic, in 1927, San Miguel became the first international bottler of Coca-Cola. The brand became best associated with its soft drink, Royal Tru-Orange. In 1981, San Miguel spun off its soft drink business to a new company known as Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. a joint-venture with The Coca-Cola Company. The brand continued to be owned by San Miguel until 2007, CCBPI was renamed Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc. since January 2013 after the entry of Mexico-based Coca-Cola FEMSA S. A. de C. V. The product was available during the 1970s in single-serve bottles and contained orange pulp bits from California Valencia oranges, when San Miguel Corporation became one of the founding members of the Philippine Basketball Association in 1975, its basketball franchise played under the name Royal Tru-Orange from 1975 to 1980. Royal Tru-Orange gained much attention in the late 1980s, after its logo, the first television advertisement in the series, wherein Joey was being egged on by friends to introduce himself to a girl named Jenny, was directed by noted film director Lino Brocka. Royal Tru-Orange was one of 300 products of the Philippines barred by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in 2004 from entering the United States due to failure to meet its requirements
29.
Snopes.com
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Snopes. com /ˈsnoʊps/, also known as the Urban Legends Reference Pages, is a website covering urban legends, Internet rumors, e-mail forwards, and other stories of unknown or questionable origin. It is a resource for validating and debunking such stories in American popular culture. Snopes. com was created by Barbara and David Mikkelson, a California couple who met in the alt. folklore. urban newsgroup, the site is organized by topic and includes a message board where stories and pictures of questionable veracity may be posted. David Mikkelson used the username snopes in the Usenet newsgroup alt. folklore. urban, the Mikkelsons created the Snopes site in 1995 and later worked on it full-time. By mid-2014, Barbara Mikkelson had not written for the site in several years, the Mikkelsons divorced around the same time, and Barbara no longer has an ownership stake in Snopes. com. A television pilot based on the site, called Snopes, Urban Legends, was completed with American actor Jim Davidson as host, Snopes aims to debunk or confirm widely spread urban legends. The site has been referenced by media and other sites, including CNN, Fox News Channel, MSNBC. Snopes popular standing is such that some chain e-mail hoaxes claim to have checked out on Snopes. com in an attempt to discourage readers from seeking verification. As of March 2009, the site had approximately 6.2 million visitors per month, where appropriate, pages are generally marked undetermined or unverifiable if the Mikkelsons feel there is not enough evidence to either support or disprove a given claim. The name was chosen for its acronym, T. R. O. L. L, a reference to the early 1990s definition of the word troll, meaning an Internet prank, of which David Mikkelson was a prominent practitioner. One fictional legend alleged that the nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence was really a coded reference used by pirates to recruit members. This parodied a real false legend surrounding the supposed connection of Ring a Ring o Roses to the bubonic plague. Jan Harold Brunvand, a folklorist who has written a number of books on urban legends and modern folklore, considered the site so comprehensive in 2004 that he decided to not launch one of his own. In 2012, FactCheck. org reviewed a sample of Snopes responses to political rumors regarding George W. Bush, Sarah Palin, and Barack Obama, FactCheck noted that Barbara Mikkelson was a Canadian citizen and David Mikkelson was an independent who was once registered as a Republican. Youd be hard-pressed to find two more people, David Mikkelson told them. Critics of the site have falsely asserted that it is funded by George Soros, or linked sites, the New York Times has stated, All of Snopes’s revenue — Mr. Mikkelson says he doesn’t know what it is — come from ads. Facebook is not paying for its services, nor is the billionaire George Soros funding the site, although that is sometimes asserted in anti-Snopes stories. As of April 2017, Snopes. coms Alexa rating was 1,794, approximately 80% of its visitors originate from within the United States
30.
Fortune (magazine)
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Fortune is a multinational business magazine, published and owned by Time Inc. and headquartered in New York City. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929, the magazine competes with Forbes and Bloomberg Businessweek in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles. The magazine is best known for the Fortune 500, a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955, in late October 1929, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred, marking the onset of the Great Depression. In a memo to the Time Inc. board in November 1929, Luce wrote and we will recognize that this business slump may last as long as an entire year. The publication made its debut in February 1930. Its editor was Luce, managing editor Parker Lloyd-Smith, and art director Thomas Maitland Cleland, single copies of the first issue costed US$1. In fact, there were 30,000 subscribers who had signed up to receive that initial 184-page issue. By 1937, the number of subscribers had grown to 460,000, Fortune was also noted for its photography, featuring the work of Margaret Bourke-White, Ansel Adams, and others. Walker Evans served as its editor from 1945 to 1965. The magazine became an important leg of Luces media empire, after the launch of Time in 1923 and Fortune in 1930, Luce went on to launch Life in 1936. From its launch in 1930 to 1978, Fortune was published monthly, in January 1978, it began publishing biweekly. In October 2009, citing declining advertising revenue and circulation, Fortune began publishing every three weeks, marshall Loeb was named managing editor in 1986. During the years when Time Warner owned Time Inc, Fortune articles were hosted at CNNMoney. com. In June 2014, after Time Inc. spun off from its corporate parent, in the human resources field, for example, it publishes a list of the Best Companies to Work For. Lists include companies ranked in order of gross revenue and business profile, following the elimination of the editor-in-chief role at Time Inc. in October 2013, the top editors title was changed from managing editor to editor in 2014. In JSTOR Official website Fortune India Fortune China Fortune Turkey List of 100 Best Companies to Work For Fortune Data Store, complete downloadable list of Fortune 500/1000 Companies – 1955–2008
31.
A&W Root Beer
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A&W Root Beer is a root beer brand primarily available in the United States and Canada, started in 1919 by Roy W. Allen. In 1922, Allen partnered with Frank Wright and they combined their initials to create the brand A&W and inspired a restaurant chain, founded in 1922. A&W root beer sold for five cents. The U. S. variant is sold as an import drink in Southeast Asia and Italy, as well as Australia, the United Kingdom. On June 20,1919, Roy W. Allen opened a root beer stand in Lodi, California. He soon opened stands in Stockton, California, and five stands in nearby Sacramento, in 1920, Allen became partners with Frank Wright and the two combined their initials and called their product A&W Root Beer. A mistaken notion is that the initials were derived from Alice and this mistake arose owing to Marriotts first business, an A&W franchise In 1924, Allen bought Wrights share, obtained a trademark, and began selling restaurant franchises. A&W was one of the first franchised restaurant chains in the United States, franchise owners could use the A&W name and logo and purchased concentrated root beer syrup from Allen. By 1933, there were more than 170 A&W franchised outlets, there was no common menu, architecture, or procedures shared by the franchisees and some chose to sell food with the root beer. Franchises struggled with shortages and sugar rationing during World War II, but following the war. Driven by the popularity of the automobile and the new mobile society, in that same year, Allen retired and sold the business to Nebraskan Gene Hurtz, who formed the A&W Root Beer Company. The first A&W Root Beer outlet in Canada opened in 1956, by 1960, the number of A&W restaurants swelled to more than 2,000. In 1963, the A&W Root Beer Company was sold to the J. Hungerford Smith Company, in the same year, the first overseas A&W restaurant opened its doors in Guam. In 1963, the company was sold to the United Fruit Company, in 1971, United Brands formed a wholly owned subsidiary, A&W Distributing Co. for the purpose of making A&W Root Beer available in bottles on the grocery shelf. After a test run in Arizona and California, the products were distributed nationally in the United States, along with sugar-free, low-sodium, in 1974, A&W introduced The Great Root Bear, a mascot that served as a goodwill ambassador for the brand. In the late 1970s, A&W Restaurants was formed to manage restaurant franchising and it was bought in 1982 by A. Alfred Taubman. In 1986, A&W Cream Soda and A&W Diet Cream Soda were introduced and distributed nationally, in October 1993, A&W Beverages was folded into Cadbury Beverages. That company would spin off its US beverages business as Dr Pepper Snapple Group in 2008, in March 2005, A&W began to appear in the Vintage Bottle, a 20-ounce bottle with graphics reminiscent of an old fashioned root beer barrel
32.
Ambasa
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Ambasa is a milk-based soft drink sold by The Coca-Cola Company in Japan. The company also brought the brand into South Korea in 1984, variants of this drink, like non-carbonated or fruits flavoured versions, are sold in Japan. The Korean version of Ambasa includes water, liquid fructose, sugar, skim milk powder, carbon dioxide, and citric acid as ingredients
33.
Barq's
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Barqs /ˈbɑːrks/ is an American soft drink. Its brand of beer is notable for having caffeine. Barqs, created by Edward Barq and bottled since the turn of the 20th century, is owned and bottled by the Coca-Cola Company. It was known as Barqs Famous Olde Tyme Root Beer until 2012, Diet Barqs Root Beer - contains no caffeine. Available in Root Beer and Vanilla Cream, Diet Barqs Red Crème Soda Barqs French Vanilla Crème Soda Discontinued, Diet Crème Soda Barqs French Vanilla Discontinued, Barqs Floatz, which is designed to taste like a root beer float. J & J Snack Foods Corporation once licensed the name for Barqs Floatz ice cream squeeze tubes. The Barqs Brothers Bottling Company was founded in 1898 in the French Quarter of New Orleans, by Edward Charles Edmond Barq and his older brother, the Barq Brothers bottled carbonated water and various soft drinks of their own creation. Early on their most popular creation was a soda called Orangine. Edward Barq moved to Biloxi, Mississippi, in 1897 with his new wife, the following year he opened the Biloxi Artesian Bottling Works. 1898 is often given as the year for what was later to be known as Barqs root beer. It was on the Mississippi coast that Barq met and employed a young boy, Robinson was mentored by Barq and later moved to New Orleans to find his fortune. In 1934 Edward Barq, Sr. and Robinson sign an agreement on Barqs product rights. The agreement was unique from other franchises in many aspects, one, that Robinson was allowed to make his own concentrate. The two men remained close their entire lives, working on flavors and production challenges, a distinctive difference between the Biloxi-based root beer and the Louisianas was that the Louisiana bottle was printed in red. This was to distinguish ownership of bottles as blue labeled ones were returned to Mississippi, there were also regional taste differences between the various Barqs bottlers. While there may have been minor formula differences, water generally defined these differences, for many decades Barqs was not marketed as a root beer. This was in part a desire to avoid conflict with the Hires Root Beer company. It was also due to differences from other root beers at the time, the formulation was sarsaparilla based, contained less sugar, had a higher carbonation, and less of a foamy head than other brands
34.
Julmust
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Julmust is a soft drink that is mainly consumed in Sweden around Christmas. During the rest of the year it is quite difficult to find in stores. At Easter the name is påskmust,45 million litres of julmust are consumed during December, which is around 50% of the total soft drink volume in December and 75% of the total yearly must sales. Must was created by Harry Roberts and his father Robert Roberts in 1910 as an alternative to beer. The syrup is made exclusively by Roberts AB in Örebro. The syrup is sold to different soft drink manufacturers that make the final product in their own way. This means that the must from two different companies doesnt taste the same, even though they are made of the same syrup, must is made of carbonated water, sugar, hop extract, malt extract, spices, caramel colouring, citric acid, and preservatives. The hops and malt extracts give the must a somewhat root beer-like taste without the sassafras and it can be aged provided it is stored in a glass bottle. Some people buy julmust in December only to store it a year before drinking it, in 2013 a rumour occurred that the EU would ban julmust due to a directive banning the selling of malt beverages containing caramel colouring. The rumour however turned out to be false since julmust is not a fermented beverage, in Sweden, julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season, in fact, the consumption of Coca-Cola drops by as much as 50% over the holiday. This was quoted as one of the reasons that The Coca-Cola Company broke away from their contract with the local brewer Pripps. Coca-Cola Drycker Sverige AB produced its own julmust, albeit very slyly with The Coca-Cola Companys name occupying only a space on the label. Their julmust was never advertised until 2004, when Coca-Cola started marketing their julmust under the brand Bjäre julmust, by 2007 the Bjäre julmust was only sold at McDonalds restaurants and it had completely disappeared from Coca-Colas range of products by Christmas 2008, only to return for Christmas 2011. In November 2004 PepsiCo marketed a product similar in taste to julmust in the United States called Pepsi Holiday Spice. It was on sale during the 2004 and 2006 Christmas seasons, cost Plus World Market in the United States sells julmust during the Christmas holiday season. IKEA in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland and it is also sold in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Switzerland as Dryck Påskmust at Easter. Julmust can be found at speciality shops in the United Kingdom, Julmust is also available for purchase in Finland around Christmas. It is considered part of the Christmas dinner by parts of the Swedish speaking minority, list of soft drinks by country
35.
Citrus myrtifolia
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Citrus myrtifolia, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of Citrus with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. It is a tree with small leaves and no thorns which grows to a height of three metres and can be found in Malta, Libya, south France and Italy. The fruit of the tree resemble small oranges and they are sour or bitter and are commonly called by their Italian name, chinotto. They are a flavoring agent of most Italian amari, of the popular Campari aperitif. Citrus myrtifolia is sometimes planted in gardens, due to its compactness, it can also be planted in a pot or other container. Citrus aurantium var. myrtifolia Ker-Gawl. in Bot, chandler, W. H. S. N. Hooper & M. J. Harvey - Evergreen orchards. Kimpton London 1958,535 pp. Facciola, S. - Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. Vista 1990,677 pp. Hodgson, R. W. Taxonomy and nomenclature in the Citrus fruits - In, S. Krishnamurthi - Advances in agriculture sciences, mortensen, E. & E. T. Bullard - Handbook of tropical and subtropical horticulture. Department of State Agency for International Development Washington 1964,260 pp. Morton,1987,505 pp. Swingle, W. T. The botany of Citrus and its relatives of the orange subfamily - In. History, botany und breeding Univ. of California Press Berkeley,1028 pp. Tanaka, a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science Ueno 1954,152 pp. Webber, H. J. Cultivated varieties of Citrus - In, history, botany and breeding Univ. of California Press Berkeley,1028 pp
36.
Citra (drink)
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Citra was a clear lemon and lime flavoured soda sold in India in the 1980s and early 1990s. Along with other Parle brands, Thums Up, Limca, Gold Spot and Maaza, at the time of sale, the Parle brands together had a 60% market share in the aerated water industry. The brand was strong in South India, Citra was phased out by the year 2000 to make way for Cokes international brand, Sprite. In 1998, Coke introduced a new drink in the US market also called Citra which was later renamed Fanta Citrus, although the brand name was similar, this was a totally different grapefruit based formula. The relaunch is aimed at competing with smaller regional brands
37.
Fioravanti (soft drink)
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Fioravanti is a fruit-flavored, carbonated soft drink first sold in 1878 in Ecuador. It is notable for being one of the first soft drinks commercially sold, in 1991, it was acquired by The Coca-Cola Company. Fioravanti was first available in strawberry flavor, and later in apple flavor, in the summer of 2001, a grape flavor was added, which lasted around 1 year before being discontinued. There was a Fiora manzana verde, with a green color. In Ecuador, the drinking of Fioravanti, often shortened to Fiora, has become a part of popular culture and it is commonly known as Fiora fresa or Fiora manzana. Due to the number of Ecuadorian immigrants in Spain, Coca-Cola has decided to bring strawberry-flavored Fioravanti to Spain. List of Ecuadorian dishes and foods The Coca-Cola Virtual Vender Go to > South America > Ecuador > Fioravanti
38.
Fresca
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Fresca is a diet lime and grapefruit citrus soft drink made by The Coca-Cola Company. Borrowing the word Fresca from Spanish, it was first introduced in the United States in 1966, since introduction in 1966, Fresca has been marketed in the United States as a calorie-free, lime and grapefruit-flavored soft drink. Fresca has undergone several major ingredient changes since its introduction and it was originally sweetened with cyclamates, which were banned by the FDA in 1969, and replaced with saccharin. That was replaced by NutraSweet-brand aspartame, around the time of the 2005 redesign, acesulfame potassium was added as a secondary sweetener. Johnson, who loved the beverage, had a fountain containing Fresca installed in the Oval Office. In Latin America, Coca-Cola markets a sugar sweetened version of Fresca, in 1997, The Coca-Cola Company responded to requests for this product from immigrant communities by launching it throughout the U. S. as Citra. This was a success but is sold as the Citrus flavor in Coca-Colas Fanta line in areas with large Hispanic populations. In Colombia and Argentina sweetened Fresca is called Quatro and marketed using Frescas colors, Fresca was made available in South Africa during the early 1990s with a series of colorful ads featuring Hakeem Kae-Kazim with the slogan, Nothing tastes like Fresca. The soft drink developed a following but sales were discontinued. Fresca packaging has been redesigned several times, although advertising continues to emphasize sophistication, in 2005, Coca-Cola gave Fresca a more contemporary look, Frescas first makeover since 1995. During this redesign, two new flavors were introduced and the grapefruit flavor was renamed Sparkling Citrus. Later, Sparkling was dropped and the flavor was renamed Original Citrus. Several additional flavors have been added to the line-up since 2005
39.
Gold Spot
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Gold Spot was introduced along with Thums Up and Limca. It was artificially flavoured and coloured orange, parle sold Gold Spot along with Thums Up, Limca, Citra and Maaza to Coca-Cola in 1993, reportedly for $40 million. In spite of its popularity, Gold Spot was withdrawn by Coke from the market in order to re-make space for Coca-Colas Fanta brand. Gold Spots slogan was The Zing Thing, as per data available from the Ministry of Food Processing Industries of India, Gold Spot had a 2% market share during the years 2009–10 among all soft drink companies. The Los Angeles-based band Goldspot is supposed to be named after this fizzy drink, according to one of the interviews with Siddhartha Khosla, Gold Spot was very popular back in India at the time
