1.
East Bengal
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East Bengal was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly corresponded to the modern state of Bangladesh. Both instances involved a violent partition of Bengal which made one half East Bengal or Bangladesh, the area compromises roughly two-thirds of the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The first instance of the name was during the British rule of India, British governance of large swathes of Indian territory began with Robert Clives victory over the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The victory gave the British East India Company dominion over Bengal, after the Indian rebellion of 1857, the British government took direct control away from the East India Co. and established its imperial capital at Calcutta, the city founded by the Company. By 1900, the British province of Bengal constituted a huge territory, with the assumption of Lord Curzon to the office of Viceroy of India, British India was finally put under the charge of a man who considered himself an expert in Indian affairs. Curzon, seeing the logistical problems of administering such a large province, Bengal, henceforth, would encompass Calcutta and the western territories, roughly comprising modern West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Orissa. Eastern Bengal and Assam, the new province, would roughly encompass modern Bangladesh, the partition of Bengal, effected in July 1905, sparked a firestorm in the nationalist movement. In the now divided Bengal, East Bengal comprised an area of 196,540 square miles that included 18 million Muslims and 12 million Hindus, the Bengal area had 141,580 square miles with a majority of 42 million Hindus and 9 million Muslims. Bengal was divided into two provinces on 3 July 1946 in preparation for the partition of India - the Muslim-majority East Bengal, the two provinces each had their own Chief Minister. In August 1947, West Bengal became part of India, tensions between East Bengal and the western wing of Pakistan led to the One Unit policy. In 1955, most of the wing was combined to form a new West Pakistan province while East Bengal became the new province of East Pakistan. This system lasted until 1971 when East Pakistan declared independence during the Liberation War of Bangladesh, after absorption into the Dominion of Pakistan, the province of East Pakistan was administered by a ceremonial Governor and an indirectly elected Chief Minister. During the year from May 1954 to August 1955, executive powers were exercised by the Governor, British India History of Pakistan History of Bangladesh Barak Valley East Bengal CFL2015 points table top
2.
Bangladesh
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Bangladesh, officially the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The countrys maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area, Bangladesh is the worlds eighth most populous country. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong which has the countrys largest port, Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region. Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions, Bengalis, who speak the official Bengali, make up 98% of the population. The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the worlds third largest Muslim-majority country, most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta, the largest delta on Earth. The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km of inland waterways, highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country. Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef and it is home to the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world. The countrys biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife, including critically endangered Bengal tigers, the Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai, a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent, in the 3rd century BCE. Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh, which had trade links for millennia. The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries, the region was home to many principalities which had inland naval prowess. It was also a center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade. As part of British India, the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance, the Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan, and was renamed as East Pakistan. The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after independence, a parliamentary republic was established. A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990, followed by a return to parliamentary democracy, the country has also been affected by poverty, natural disasters, hunger, dominant party systems and military coups. Bangladesh is a power and a major developing nation. Listed as one of the Next Eleven, it has the 46th largest economy and it is one of the largest textile exporters in the world. Its major trading partners are the European Union, the United States, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, with its strategically vital location between Southern, Eastern and Southeast Asia, Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation
3.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the founding leader of Bangladesh. He served twice as the countrys President and was its strongman premier between 1972 and 1975, Rahman was the leader of the Awami League. He is popularly known as the Bangabandhu and he is credited as the central figure in Bangladeshs liberation movement and is considered the founding father of Bangladesh. His daughter Sheikh Hasina is the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh, an advocate of socialism, Rahman rose with the ranks of the Awami League and East Pakistani politics as a charismatic and forceful orator. He became popular for his opposition to the ethnic and institutional discrimination of Bengalis in Pakistan, at the heightening of sectional tensions, he outlined a 6-point autonomy plan and was jailed by the regime of Field Marshal Ayub Khan for treason. Rahman led the Awami League to win the first democratic election of Pakistan in 1970, despite gaining a majority, the League was not invited by the ruling military junta to form a government. As civil disobedience erupted across East Pakistan, Rahman announced the Bangladeshi struggle for independence during a speech on 7 March 1971. After Bangladeshs liberation, Rahman was released from Pakistani custody and returned to Dhaka in January 1972, Rahman became the Prime Minister of Bangladesh under a parliamentary system adopted by the new country. His government enacted a constitution proclaiming socialism and secular democracy, the Awami League won a huge mandate in the countrys first general election in 1973. However, Rahman faced challenges of rampant unemployment, poverty and corruption, a famine took place in 1974. The government was criticized for denying constitutional recognition to indigenous minorities and human rights violations by its security forces, amid rising political agitation, Rahman initiated one party socialist rule in January 1975. Six months later, he and most of his family were assassinated by army officers during a coup. A martial law government was subsequently established, in a 2004 BBC Bengali opinion poll, Rahman was voted as the Greatest Bengali of All Time. He was born into a native Bengali family as the child in a family of four daughters. In 1929, Mujib entered into class three at Gopalganj Public School, and two later, class four at Madaripur Islamia High School. However, Mujib withdrew from school in 1934 to undergo eye surgery, Mujib became politically active when he joined the All India Muslim Students Federation in 1940. He enrolled at the Islamia College, a college affiliated to the University of Calcutta to study law. He joined the Bengal Muslim League in 1943, during this period, Mujib worked actively for the Leagues cause of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan, and in 1946 he went on to become general secretary of the Islamia College Students Union
4.
Dhaka
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Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the worlds most populated cities, with a population of 17 million people in the Greater Dhaka Area and it is also the 3rd most densely populated city in the world. Located in a district and division, it lies along the east bank of the Buriganga River in the heart of the Bengal delta. The city is a microcosm of the country, with diverse religious. Dhaka is the economic, cultural and political center of Bangladesh and its name was romanized as Dacca until the current spelling was adopted in 1983. It is the largest city in the Bengal region and it is also a major city of South Asia and among the OIC states. The old city of Dhaka was the Mughal capital of Bengal, the citys name was Jahangir Nagar in the 17th century. It was a commercial center and the hub of the worldwide muslin. The city hosted two important caravansaries of the subcontinent, the Bara Katra and Choto Katra, located on the riverfront of the Buriganga, the Mughals decorated the city with well-laid out gardens, tombs, mosques, palaces and forts. Dhaka became known as the City of Mosques in Bengal and it was also described as the Venice of the East. The old city was home to various Eurasian merchant groups, at the height of its medieval glory, Dhaka was regarded as one of the wealthiest and most prosperous cities in the world. It was central to the economy of Mughal Bengal, which generated 50% of Mughal GDP, modern Dhaka developed from the late 20th century under the administration of East Pakistan. Between 1905 and 1912, it was the capital of British Eastern Bengal, in 1947, after the region became known as Pakistan, it became the administrative capital of the eastern wing of Pakistan. It was declared as the capital of Pakistan in 1962. In 1971, it became the capital of an independent Bangladesh, the city has endured periods of famine, war and natural calamities. It continues to confront challenges faced by growing metropolises in developing countries, including poverty, Dhaka is home to thousands of Bangladeshi businesses and the offices of many international corporations. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is one of the largest in South Asia in terms of trading volume and it hosts several major arts festivals, including the annual Ekushey Book Fair, the Dhaka Literature Festival and the biannual Dhaka Art Summit. The city has the largest number of cycle rickshaws and is known as the Rickshaw Capital of the World, Dhakas highly popular cuisine features distinctive biryanis, kebabs and bakarkhanis as a legacy of its rule by the Mughals and the Nawabs of Dhaka
5.
Government of Bangladesh
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The Government of Bangladesh is led by the Prime Minister, who selects all the remaining Ministers. The Prime Minister and the other most senior Ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, the Government has three branches, the Executive branch, the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch. The current Prime Minister is Sheikh Hasina, leader of the Bangladesh Awami League, Bangladesh Awami League led by her, and its Grand Alliance won the two-thirds majority numerically the party controls 230 seats out of 299. The President is the Head of State, a ceremonial post. The real power is held by the Prime Minister, who is the head of government and this system was first practised in 1991 and adopted to the constitution in 1996. The prime minister is appointed by the president, commanding the confidence of the majority of the MPs. The cabinet is composed of ministers selected by the prime minister, the executive administrates the country and executes the laws, passed by the legislature. It maintains the law and order in the country. It also maintains relationship with foreign countries and it works for defence, liberty and sovereignty of the country. As head of the state, the president can grant pardon to a man sentenced to death penalty or lessen the punishment, in some cases, it also performs some legislative and judicial functions. The executive on the other hand calculated the income and expenditure of the government and it also performs various public welfare services such as, education, agriculture, establishment of industry, trade & commerce, land reform, tax and revenue collection. Beside this, it accepts and implements various development projects. The legislature of Bangladesh is unicameral, the 300 members are elected by universal suffrage at least every 5 years. It consists of 350 members at present, there is universal suffrage for all citizens at the age of 18. On 16 May 2004, the Jatiyo Sangsad passed the 14th constitutional amendment to reintroduce quotas for women, the number of seats in parliament is to be raised to 345,45 of which will be reserved for women in the next parliament. The seats will be allocated to parties in proportion to their share of the vote. This quota system replaces the previous law which expired in 2001. Until 2001 a system of reserved seats for women was used and this provision of guaranteeing women reserved seats expired in April 2001
6.
The Daily Star (Bangladesh)
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The Daily Star is the largest circulating daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh. Founded by Syed Mohammed Ali on 14 January 1991, as Bangladesh transitioned and restored parliamentary democracy, The Daily Star emerged as a leading, the newspapers position in Bangladesh is comparable to that of The New York Times in the United States and The Independent in the United Kingdom. Its motto, Committed to Peoples Right to Know, appears on the section of the front page. The newspaper is led by Mahfuz Anam, a fighter and former United Nations official. Its principal bureaus are located in Dhaka and Chittagong, with several representatives abroad and it is organized into sections, News, Opinion and Editorial, Star Business, Star Sports, Arts and Entertainment, National and Metropolitan. Its major supplements include The Star, Forum, Lifestyle, Star Literature, Law & Our Rights, Shout, Star Insight and Science, the Daily Star is owned by Mediaworld, in which a major share is held by Latifur Rahmans Transcom Group. The Transcom Group also owns Prothom Alo, one of the most widely read Bengali newspapers in the world, Mahfuz Anam, editor and publisher of The Daily Star, is also on its six-member board of directors, of which Rokia Afzal Rahman is chairman. The board deals with financial matters, the general section of the newspaper is headed by Dr Salehuddin Ahmed, its managing editor, while the news team is led by Syed Ashfaqul Haque, chief news editor. Ahmed Ali is in charge of the Metro, other leaders are AFM Jamaluddin, Mizanur Rahman, Selim S. H. Transcom Group, controlled by businessman Latifur Rahman, Abdur Rouf Chowdhury of Rangs Group, the Daily Star publishes a number of supplements along with its 24-page main publication. The Star, a weekly, is published every Friday. Lifestyle, a fashion and lifestyle tabloid, is published every Tuesday. Star Showbiz, Weekly entertainment tabloid, focused on local international movie, music, Shout, a weekly tabloid-size supplement for teenagers, is published every week. Bytes Technology page Next Step Shift Law and Our Rights, a supplement on legal issues. RisingStars, a weekly supplement for teenagers, was published every Thursday. Star Campus was a supplement of the paper. Forum, a magazine, edited by Shah Husain Imam, is published with the newspaper on the first Monday of the month. Star Insight, page 12, was published every Wednesday, the Daily Star is widely criticized for backing the army-installed government, led by former bureaucrat Fakhruddin Ahmad and armed with sweeping emergency powers to curb media and civil rights
7.
Bobita
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Farida Akhter is a Bangladeshi film actress. She was active in the 1970s through 1990s as an actress in Bangladeshi films, Bobita was born to an educated family that had its origins in the west-Bangladeshi district of Jessore, Bangladesh. She has two sisters and three brothers, Bobitas mother studied in Lady Brabourne College in Calcutta. In an interview with the Independent newspaper in 2004, Bobita says that it was Afzal Chowdhury who suggested the screen name Bobita for her, in another interview with the Daily Star in 2005, she mentions that Zahir Raihan originally casts her for the movie Shongshaar. A different version of the story is that she adopted the name appearing in Ehteshams movie Pitch Dhala Path. Bobitas brother-in-law Zahir Raihan first cast her for his movie Jaltey Suraj Ka Nichey, the film was not completed in the end but she found a break-through into the Dhaka film industry. Her first released feature was Shesh Porjonto, Bobitas notable work includes Shukhe Thako, Taka Anna Pai, Shorolipi, Manusher Mon, Pich Dhala Path, Noyon Moni, Jonmo Theke Jolchi and Anarkoli. Her acting gained the attention of the Indian director Satyajit Ray, in 1973, Ray cast Bobita in Ashani Sanket, his film about the Bengal famine of 1943. Bobita appeared in the role of Ananga, the demure wife of the village doctor Gangacharan. Ashani Sanket won the Golden Bear prize at the 1973 Berlin Film Festival, Bobitas performance was central to the film. Her male co-actors were Razzak, Faruk, Zafar Iqbal, Bulbul Ahmed, some of Bobitas produced movies include Ful Shojja, Agomon, Lady Smuggler, Lottery and Poka Makorer Ghor Bosoti. In 2002, Bobita won a National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Hason Raja and she has also formed her own film-production company and has expressed an interest in directing in the future. Bobita has campaigned actively on behalf of social causes in Bangladesh. Notable among the causes she has supported the campaign against throwing acid on women, the national drive for children. Starting in 2011, Bobita began working with Distressed Children & Infants International as a Goodwill Ambassador, Bobitas husband died when their son was three years old. Her two sisters Shuchanda and Champa are film actresses, Bobita at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Salman Shah (actor)
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Salman Shah was a Bangladeshi actor. He started his career with the first episode of the television serial Pathor Shomoy and his breakthrough came through Keyamot Theke Keyamot. His sudden death in 1996 was ruled as suicide, a claim that is disputed by his family, Shah was born in 19 September 1971 in Sylhet, Bangladesh. His birth name was Shahriar Chowdhury Emon, Shah got his break-through in the film Keyamot Theke Keyamot in 1993 with Moushumi. It was directed by Sohanur Rahman Sohan who dicvered Salman Shah, the film was a remake of an Indian film named Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, released in 1988. He started his career in television drama. He acted in a total of 27 films and his film career was associated with first Moushumi and then Shabnur. He acted with Moushumi in feature films Denmohor and Antore Antore, Salman Shah died 6 September 1996. He was found hanging from the ceiling of his bedroom at Iskaton, police had filed a case of suicide, but the family objected to it and lodged a murder case. Business tycoon Aziz Mohammad Bhai was alleged to be involved in the murder, one Rezvi Ahmed was arrested from the house of Shahs mother, who reportedly named Bhai and Shahs wife Samira of ordering the hit. On his birth anniversary the Salman Shah Smriti Parishad organizes a festival every year, Salman Shah at the Internet Movie Database
9.
National Film Awards (Bangladesh)
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National Film Awards is the most prominent film award ceremony in Bangladesh. Established in 1975 by Government of Bangladesh and this is the only film awards given to the Government of Bangladesh. Every year, a panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry. Newly started the Lifetime Achievement, it was first initiated on the 2009, the Awards were first presented in 1975. Since 1975, The National Film Award is an event that took place annually through a host of colourful programs, dance. It is the highest award given for films in Bangladesh, no awards were given in 1981, because the jury board thought no film is competent enough to get an award. The government has announced National film awards for 4 years in 2008, the juries are appointed by the Bangladesh Film Censor Board, an important department under the Ministry of Information in Bangladesh. The Board members are from different walks of the society like Social Worker, Government officers, Educationist, Journalists, film maker, Film producer, Actor-Actress, the Board gives secretarial assistance and manage screening of films submitted for National Film Award. It is also responsible for screening of films examined by the Appellate Committee, every awardee gets a replica in addition to the cash money
10.
Khan Ataur Rahman
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Khan Ataur Rahman was a Bangladeshi film actor, director, producer, screenplay writer, music composer, and singer. He became renowned for his role in the film Jibon Theke Neya, in this film, his rendition of the song E Khancha Bhangbo Ami Kemon Kore echoed the national psyche following the Bangladesh Liberation War. The son of Ziarat Hossain Khan and Zohra Khatun, who lived in Singair Upazila, Manikganj District, when Khan Ata was a student in class three, he won the first prize of the Dhaka Zilla Music Competition. He rendered the song Mon paban-er dinga baiyya, Khan Ata attended Dhaka Collegiate School, Dhaka College, and Dhaka University, completing a Bachelor of Science degree. Rahman was extremely obsessed with films, after enrolling in Dhaka Medical College, a career he later decided not to pursue, he made an attempt to escape from the family home and join the film industry. He had only Taka 60 in his possession at the time and his brother-in-law spotted Rahman in the Rail Station and he was forced to return home. As a result of Rahmans bohemian attitudes, he left Dhaka University in 1949 and this time he went to Bombay. He started frequented the film industry and slept on the side walks and he met Jyoti Studios cameraman Jal Irani, who gave Rahman the chance to work as an apprentice but it was not satisfying enough for him. In 1950, Khan Ataur Rahman went to Karachi and took a job as a News Presenter for Radio Pakistan, here he met with another notable Bengali media personality, Foteh Lohani. At this time, Khan Ata started taking lessons from renowned Pakistani Sarnagi player Jawahari Khan. After some days Foteh Lohani moved to London, in 1952, Khan Ata went to London as well. There he performed as a singer and actor in several Bengali programs and he met with artist SM Sultan and helped him with his savings to buy art supplies. Rahman and his companions also made arrangements for displaying and selling Sultans paintings, in 1953 Rahman enrolled in the Theatre department at City Literary Institute. Rahman studied in the Netherlands when he was awarded a UNESCO fellowship in 1954, thereafter, he worked as a teacher in London but also took to the stage for several years. In 1956, he returned home and starred in a film called Jago Hua Severa directed by AJ Karder and he played many roles with notable Bengali actress Tripti Mitra. In addition to acting, Khan Ataur Rahman was a songwriter with over 500 compositions, Khan Ataur Rahman married three times. When he was in London, completing a course in Cinematography, he met an Englishwoman named Shirley. On their return to Bangladesh and after having a child, they got divorced, shirly returned to London with the child
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