1.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
2.
Rockville, Maryland
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Rockville is a city located in the central region of Montgomery County, Maryland. It is the county seat and is an incorporated city of Montgomery County. The 2010 census tabulated Rockvilles population at 61,209, making it the third largest incorporated city in Maryland, behind Baltimore, Rockville is the largest incorporated city in Montgomery County, Maryland, although the nearby census-designated place of Germantown is more populous. The city also has several upscale regional shopping centers and is one of the major hubs in Montgomery County. Situated in the Piedmont region and crossed by three creeks, Rockville provided an excellent refuge for semi-nomadic Native Americans as early as 8000 BC. By the first millennium BC, a few of these groups had settled down into year-round agricultural communities that exploited the native flora, including sunflowers and marsh elder. By AD1200, these groups were increasingly drawn into conflict with the Senecas and Susquehannocks who had migrated south from Pennsylvania. Within the present-day boundaries of the city, six sites have been uncovered and documented. By the year 1700, under pressure from European colonists, the majority of original inhabitants had been driven away. The indigenous population carved a path on the ground, known as Sinequa Trail. Later, the Maryland Assembly set the standard of 20 feet for main thoroughfares, in the mid-18th century, Lawrence Owen opened a small inn on the road. The location of the road, near the present Rockville Pike, was located on higher ground making it dry year-round. The first land patents in the Rockville area were obtained by Arthur Nelson between 1717 and 1735, within three decades, the first permanent buildings in what would become the center of Rockville were established on this land. Being a small, unincorporated town, early Rockville was known by a variety of names, including Owens Ordinary, Hungerfords Tavern, the first recorded mention of the settlement which would later become known as Rockville dates to the Braddock Expedition in 1755. Owens Ordinary was a small rest stop on Rock Creek Main Road, which stretched from George Town to Frederick Town, the southern portion of the county, of which Rockville was a part, was named Montgomery County. The most populous and prosperous urban center in this new county was George Town, Rockville, a small, but centrally located and well-traveled town, was chosen as the seat of the countys government. At the time, Rockville did not have a name, it was generally called Hungerfords Tavern, after being named the county seat, the village was referred to by all as Montgomery Court House. The tavern served as the county courthouse, and it held its first such proceedings on May 20,1777, in 1784, William Prather Williams, a local landowner, hired a surveyor to lay out much of the town
3.
Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
6.
Folk rock
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Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the referred to a genre that arose in the United States. The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds, the term folk rock was coined by the U. S. music press to describe the Byrds music in June 1965, the month in which the bands debut album was issued. A distinct, eclectic style of folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle, Fairport Convention. In a broader sense, folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres, Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the referred to a genre that arose in the United States. The style was influenced by the Beatles and other British bands. The term folk rock was coined by the U. S. music press to describe the Byrds music in June 1965, the month in which the bands debut album was issued. In a broader sense, folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world and, to a lesser extent, as with any genre, the borders are difficult to define. Of these, the first two owed direct debts to protest folk singers such as Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, along with the leftist Popular Front culture of the 1930s. The Weavers mainstream popularity set the stage for the revival of the 1950s and early 1960s. By 1951, however, the group had fallen afoul of the U. S, red Scare of the McCarthy era, and as a result they disbanded in 1952. The group reformed in 1955, releasing the influential album The Weavers at Carnegie Hall in 1957, before disbanding for a time in 1964. The crystal-clear harmony singing and liberal outlook that characterized American folk rock during the mid-1960s sprang directly from the music, while this urban folk revival flourished in many cities across the U. S. Like the 1950s Beat Generation before them, the vast majority of the urban folk revivalists shared a disdain for the values of mainstream American mass culture, across the Atlantic, a parallel folk revival was occurring in the UK during the 1950s and early 1960s. However, it wasnt until 1956 and the advent of the skiffle craze that the British folk revival crossed over into the mainstream, skiffle was a blend of jazz, folk, and country blues, with roots in African-American folk music and the post-war British jazz scene. This renewed popularity of folk music forms in Britain led directly to the folk movement. Among the leading lights of the folk movement were Bert Jansch and John Renbourn
7.
Vocals
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
8.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
9.
Drums
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
10.
Percussion instrument
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
11.
Sub Pop
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Sub Pop is a record label founded in 1986 by Bruce Pavitt. In 1988, Sub Pop Records LLC was formed by Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman in Seattle, Sub Pop achieved fame in the late 1980s for first signing Nirvana, Soundgarden, Mudhoney and many other bands from the Seattle alternative rock scene. In 1995 the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group, the origins of Sub Pop can be traced back to the early 1980s when Bruce Pavitt started a fanzine called Subterranean Pop that focused exclusively on American independent record labels. Pavitt undertook the project in order to earn course credit while attending Evergreen State College in Olympia, by the fourth issue, Pavitt had shortened the name to Sub Pop and began alternating issues with compilation tapes of underground rock bands. The Sub Pop #5 cassette, released in 1982, sold two thousand copies, in 1983, Pavitt moved to Seattle, Washington and released the ninth and final issue of Sub Pop. While in Seattle, he wrote a column for local newspaper The Rocket titled Sub Pop U. S. A, a column he ended in 1988. In 1986, Pavitt released the first Sub Pop LP, the compilation Sub Pop 100, which featured material by artists including Sonic Youth, Naked Raygun, Wipers, and Scratch Acid. Seattle group Green River chose to record their Dry as a Bone EP for Pavitts new label in June 1986, when finally released, Dry as a Bone was promoted by Sub Pop as ultra-loose grunge that destroyed the morals of a generation. Poneman soon became a partner in the label. Pavitt focused on the artists and repertoire aspects, while Poneman dealt with the business. Both men decided they wanted the label to focus on this primal rock stuff that was coming out, in early 1988 Pavitt and Poneman quit their jobs to devote their full attention to Sub Pop. Raising $43,000, they incorporated that April, of course that was spent in, like, thirty days, Pavitt recalled. We almost went bankrupt after a month and that August Sub Pop released the first single by Mudhoney, a band featuring former members of Green River. Sub Pop released the Mudhoney single Touch Me Im Sick in a limited first pressing of 800 copies to create demand. The strategy was adopted by other independent labels. Pavitt and Poneman studied earlier independent labels ranging from Motown to SST Records, the pair sought to create a cohesive brand identity for Sub Pop. The labels ads promoted the label more than any particular band. The label also sought to market a Seattle sound, which was accomplished with the help of producer Jack Endino, who produced 75 singles, albums, and EPs for Sub Pop between 1987 and 1989
12.
Jeffertitti's Nile
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Jeffertittis Nile is an American psychedelic rock band from Los Angeles, California. Jeffertittis Nile is the project of Jeff Ramuno, bassist for Father John Misty, the album was released in April 2014 on Brooklyn label Beyond Beyond Is Beyond. The album includes a cover of Bessie Smiths Blue Spirit Blues, following the release of the album, Jeffertittis Nile toured the US with Father John Misty. Jeffertittis Nile Hypnotic River of Sound Midnight Siren Upside The Electric Hour
13.
Siberian
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Siberia is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia. Siberia has historically been a part of Russia since the 17th century, the territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins. It stretches southwards from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and to the borders of Mongolia. With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres, Siberia accounts for 77% of Russias land area and this is equivalent to an average population density of about 3 inhabitants per square kilometre, making Siberia one of the most sparsely populated regions on Earth. If it were a country by itself, it would still be the largest country in area, the origin of the name is unknown. Some sources say that Siberia originates from the Siberian Tatar word for sleeping land, another account sees the name as the ancient tribal ethnonym of the Sirtya, a folk, which spoke a language that later evolved into the Ugric languages. This ethnic group was assimilated to the Siberian Tatar people. The modern usage of the name was recorded in the Russian language after the Empires conquest of the Siberian Khanate, a further variant claims that the region was named after the Xibe people. The Polish historian Chycliczkowski has proposed that the name derives from the word for north. He said that the neighbouring Chinese, Arabs and Mongolians would not have known Russian and he suggests that the name is a combination of two words, su and bir. The region is of significance, as it contains bodies of prehistoric animals from the Pleistocene Epoch. Specimens of Goldfuss cave lion cubs, Yuka and another woolly mammoth from Oymyakon, a rhinoceros from the Kolyma River. The Siberian Traps were formed by one of the largest known volcanic events of the last 500 million years of Earths geological history. They continued for a million years and are considered a cause of the Great Dying about 250 million years ago. At least three species of human lived in Southern Siberia around 40,000 years ago, H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, the last was determined in 2010, by DNA evidence, to be a new species. Siberia was inhabited by different groups of such as the Enets, the Nenets, the Huns, the Scythians. The Khan of Sibir in the vicinity of modern Tobolsk was known as a prominent figure who endorsed Kubrat as Khagan of Old Great Bulgaria in 630, the Mongols conquered a large part of this area early in the 13th century. With the breakup of the Golden Horde, the autonomous Khanate of Sibir was established in the late 15th century, turkic-speaking Yakut migrated north from the Lake Baikal region under pressure from the Mongol tribes during the 13th to 15th century
14.
Demon Hunter
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Demon Hunter is an American Christian metal band from Seattle, Washington, started in 2000 by brothers Don Clark and Ryan Clark. Although the brothers created the band, only one remains, since Don Clark has left the band to take care of his family, as of early 2010, the band has sold over half a million albums. The bands style is known for combining nu metal sounds and qualities with ones heard in metalcore, Ryan had previously played guitar in hardcore band Focal Point, who released an album on Tooth & Nail/Solid State when Ryan was still in his teens. Demon Hunter first appeared on This is Solid State Vol.3 with their first song Through the Black released in February 2002, Demon Hunters self-titled album was released in October 2002 on Tooth and Nail Records subsidiary Solid State Records. Ryan and Don wrote all of the songs, performed the majority of the instruments and hired Jesse Sprinkle, formerly of Poor Old Lu, at first the members of the band chose to hide or obscure their identities in photos and in the press. Demon Hunter returned to the studio to record their second release, Summer of Darkness, with McCaddon contributing. Demon Hunter hit the road that summer with McCaddon on lead and Dunn on bass and this time Demon Hunter took with them rock/post-hardcore rookies Dead Poetic, along with metalcore band Haste the Day. Post-hardcore band Staple replaced Haste the Day towards the end of the tour, in 2005, Demon Hunter went back to The Compound in Seattle, Washington to record their third album, entitled The Triptych. The word triptych centers around the concept of three, as it was the third album. Included on the album is a cover of Prongs song Snap Your Fingers and this album debuted Watts as Sprinkles permanent replacement on drums as well as the addition of Ethan Luck as lead guitarist, replacing Kris McCaddon. The Triptych was even bigger than Summer of Darkness, selling more than twice as many records on its first week of release than Summer of Darkness had, undying was the bands first single from this album, and was also made into a music video directed by Chris Sims. Demon Hunters only 2006 tour took place over the summer with Zao, Becoming the Archetype, August Burns Red, the band shot a video for One Thousand Apologies after the tour was over with director Darren Doane at the helm. The Triptych was re-released on October 31,2006 with a DVD accompanying the album, Demon Hunter entered the studio in June 2007 to record their fourth full-length album, Storm the Gates of Hell, which was released on November 6,2007. Solid State released three versions of the album with various bonuses, fading Away was the albums first single and music video. On March 13,2008, Carry Me Down debuted on Headbangers Balls website as the second music video. In 2008, the band headlined the Stronger Than Hell tour, the tour also included Oh, Sleeper, The Famine, and Advent. This tour completed July 5,2008, at Cornerstone Festival in Illinois,45 Days was directed by Cale Glendening. A live album, Live in Nashville, was released on January 27,2009 and it includes 14 songs from their show in Nashville, Tennessee from their Stronger Than Hell tour
15.
Har Mar Superstar
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Sean Matthew Tillmann, better known by his stage names of Har Mar Superstar and Sean Na Na, is an American singer. Sean Tillmann is known in the United States independent music community as a singer-songwriter, Har Mar Superstar is a character who, although overweight, often performs his shows nearly nude, and appears obsessed with his own sexual prowess. His primary musical genres are contemporary R&B and pop music and he originally claimed to be Sean Tillmanns twin brother, Harold Martin Tillmann, from which he claimed his name originated. The name actually comes from a center in Roseville, Minnesota. Tillmann was born in Marshall, Minnesota, on February 6,1978, in 1987, his family moved to Owatonna, Minnesota. He graduated from the Perpich Center for Arts Education in Golden Valley and his family is still based in Owatonna, where his mother and father work as educators. After playing in a number of bands throughout high school, Tillmann moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota. Over the span of years, they recorded two albums and an EP and regularly toured the country. When Calvin Krime disbanded in 1998, Tillmann explored his softer pop side in Sean Na Na, but, while the music was pretty and upbeat. Tellingly, Sean Na Na performances often ended with dead-on renditions of popular R&B artist R. Kellys When a Womans Fed Up. Reflecting on what led to the creation of the Har Mar Superstar character, Tillmann said, I kinda always thought that, I just had to figure out how to make beats and write songs in that style. In 2000, Tillmann enlisted the help of several Saint Paul musician friends, soon, Tillmann was touring all over the United States as Har Mar Superstar. Initially, he appeared onstage in a robe and was accompanied solely by pre-recorded beats emanating from his MiniDisc player. By the time the album, The Handler, was released in 2004, Har Mar Superstar regularly toured with a drummer. Shows have ranged from club dates to festival engagements, in addition to his own headlining tours, Har Mar has opened for Ben Lee, The Strokes, Incubus, Tenacious D and the Yeah Yeah Yeahs. In 2007, Har Mar Superstar supported the Red Hot Chili Peppers on their tour of Australia, fabrizio Moretti and Tony Bevilacqua have served as Har Mars rhythm section, playing drums and bass guitar respectively. Har Mar supported Sia Furler on her 2008 tour with Denver Dalley on bass, other bassists have included Jenni Tarma, Jeff Quinn, and John Fields, while Bert Thomas, Jeff Brown and Michael Bland have manned the drum stool. As well as being a solo artist, Har Mar Superstar is a songwriter and he has written songs for artists including The Cheetah Girls, Jennifer Lopez, Kelly Osbourne, and Ben Adams
16.
Fleet Foxes
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Fleet Foxes is an American indie folk band formed in Seattle, Washington. Their first two albums were released by the Sub Pop and Bella Union record labels, with their third by Nonesuch, the band came to prominence in 2008 with the release of their second EP, Sun Giant, and their self-titled debut album. Both received much praise and reviewers often noted the bands use of refined lyrics. Fleet Foxes second studio album, Helplessness Blues, was released on 3 May 2011, Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends. Pecknold and Skjelset bonded over an appreciation of Bob Dylan and Neil Young. The two were interested in the achievements of Dylan and Brian Wilson and realized the importance of practicing music from a young age, Pecknold played bass for Seattles Dolour on a U. S. tour in 2005, shortly before forming the first incarnation of Fleet Foxes. Pecknold took up the role of songwriter, both singing and playing guitar, while Skjelset played lead guitar. Pecknolds late-sixties pop style caught the attention of the Seattle producer Phil Ek and he helped record their first demo in 2006. Ek was impressed with the songwriting, and on hearing Pecknold for the first time, noted. By late 2006 the Seattle press began to notice of the band, Tom Scanlon of the Seattle Times stated that he was impressed with the bands lyrics. With growing popularity on the circuit, the band set about making their first album in early 2007. Fleet Foxes were becoming popular and by late 2007, they had attracted over a quarter of a million song plays over two months on their Myspace site. According to Sub Pops A&R, Sue Busch, at the time of signing the band was still a relatively primitive set-up, Robins sister Aja Pecknold then assumed the role of band manager. The bands frontman, Robin Pecknold, attributes much of their success, the band tracked their second EP, Sun Giant, at Bear Creek Studio and performed overdubs and mixed at Seattles Avast. Recording Co. around the time in preparation for upcoming tours. Fleet Foxes began their tour with another Northwest band Blitzen Trapper on 28 February 2008. The bands performances, first at the SXSW festival in March 2008, Festival in May 2008, moved the band into the public consciousness, notably attracting attention from the European press for the first time. Sun Giant was released internationally on 8 April 2008 and the brand of folk, rock and pop
17.
Saxon Shore (band)
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Saxon Shore is an American post-rock band consisting of members from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Brooklyn, New York. The group has thus far released five albums, one packaged as an EP, earlier records featured only five to seven songs, while more recent albums have had several more. Saxon Shores overall sound has been compared to Caspian, Explosions in the Sky, Joy Wants Eternity, This Will Destroy You, Saxon Shore formed in 2001 as the joint project of guitarist Matthew Doty and drummer Josh Tillman. The two wrote songs that, in time, were recorded for the duos debut album Be a Bright Blue, released on Dotys own imprint. Tillmans brother Zach was recruited for duties during the studio process. After a host of tours across the United States, Doty moved to Seattle and later exchanged four-tracks with Josh Tillman, studio time reserved in Atlanta eventually blossomed into their next effort, Four Months of Darkness. Traveling musician Matt Stone contributing on guitar and like Zach before him, joined, the album marked a change in Saxon Shores sound from the light indie pop of Be a Bright Blue to the more melodic Four Months. Williams Shift - Pop music penned by Stone and Roessner, with fellow musicians Matt Thomas and Jill Purdy
18.
Kid Cudi
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Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi, better known by his stage name Kid Cudi, is an American recording artist and actor from Cleveland, Ohio. Cudi first gained major recognition following the release of his first official full-length project, the mixtape caught the attention of American rapper-producer Kanye West, who subsequently signed Cudi to his GOOD Music label imprint in late 2008. Cudi has since gone on to launch his own record label imprints, initially a rapper, Cudi has since added singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, music video director and film composer to his repertoire. As of 2017, Cudi has released six albums as a solo artist. In 2008, his debut single Day n Nite, led him to prominence, Cudis debut album Man on the Moon, The End of Day was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2010, he released Man on the Moon II, The Legend of Mr. Rager, later in 2010, Cudi formed a rock band, now known as WZRD, with his long-time collaborator Dot da Genius, releasing one eponymous debut album, in early 2012. The album debuted at one on the Top Rock Albums chart. In April 2013, Cudi released Indicud, which became his highest-charting album on multiple charts, in February 2014, Cudi unexpectedly released his fourth album, Satellite Flight, The Journey to Mother Moon, exclusively to digital retailers with no promotion. With his originality and creativity, as well as the emotion he conveys in his music, Cudi has amassed a large following among high school students, college students. In 2010, Cudi ventured into acting when he began starring in the HBO series How to Make It in America, Cudi has since appeared in several feature films, including Goodbye World, Need for Speed and Entourage. In addition, he has made appearances on shows such as One Tree Hill, The Cleveland Show. In 2015, he was the bandleader on the IFC series, Kid Cudi was born Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi on January 30,1984, in Cleveland, Ohio, and grew up in Shaker Heights and Solon. He is the youngest of four children, with two brothers, Domingo and Dean, and a sister, Maisha and his mother, Elsie Harriet, is a middle-school choir teacher at Roxboro Middle School in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. His father, Lindberg Styles Mescudi, was a painter, substitute teacher. His father was of African-American and Mexican-American descent, while his mother is African-American, when he was eleven years old, Cudis father died of cancer, his passing had a significant effect on Cudis personality and subsequently his music. Cudi attended Shaker Heights High School for two years before transferring to Solon High School and he was expelled from the school for threatening to punch his principal and would later earn his GED. Cudi studied film at the University of Toledo, dropping out after a year and his subsequent plan to join the U. S. Navy didnt pan out because of his juvenile police record. Cudi first began rapping towards the end of his school career, inspired by alternative hip hop groups such as The Pharcyde
19.
Lady Gaga
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Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She performed initially in theater, appearing in school plays. From there, Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her to sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and her debut album The Fame was a critical and commercial success that produced international chart-topping singles such as Just Dance and Poker Face. A follow-up EP, The Fame Monster, was met with a reception and Bad Romance, Telephone. Her second full-length album Born This Way was released in 2011, topping the charts in more than 20 countries, including the United States, the album produced the number-one single Born This Way. Her third album Artpop, released in 2013, topped the US charts, in 2014, Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek, which became her third consecutive number one in the United States. For her work in the television series American Horror Story, Hotel, with her fifth studio album Joanne, she became the first woman to have four US number one albums in the 2010s. In February 2017, Gaga headlined the Super Bowl LI halftime show which had an audience of over 150 million across various platforms worldwide. With global album and single sales of 27 million and 146 million respectively, as of January 2016 and her achievements include twelve Guinness World Records, three Brit Awards, and six Grammy Awards. She is also the first artist to win the Songwriters Hall of Fames Contemporary Icon Award, in 2013, Gaga finished second on Times readers poll of the most influential people of the past ten years, while in 2015, she was named Billboards Woman of the Year. Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28,1986 and she is the elder daughter of Cynthia Louise Cindy and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Joe Germanotta. Gaga has three Italian grandparents and one American grandparent, as well as French Canadian ancestry, Gagas sister Natali is a fashion student. From age 11, she attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart and she described her academic life in high school as very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined but also a bit insecure. I used to get made fun of for being too provocative or too eccentric. I didnt fit in, and I felt like a freak, in 2014, Gaga said she was raped at the age of 19. She stated, I went through some things that Im able to laugh now, because Ive gone through a lot of mental and physical therapy. Gaga later said that she suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder because of the rape, and that support from doctors, family, and friends really saved my life. Gaga began playing the piano at the age of four, wrote her first piano ballad at 13 and she performed lead roles in high school productions, including Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
20.
Lana Del Rey
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Elizabeth Woolridge Grant, better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey, is an American singer, songwriter, and model. Her music has been noted for its style, its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia. Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012. Three of the EPs tracks were featured in her short film Tropico, in 2014, Del Rey released her third studio album, Ultraviolence, which received positive critical and commercial reception, it became her first number-one record in the United States. In 2015, following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes, Del Rey released her studio album. It also received critical and commercial response, the album had the fourth highest first week sales by a female artist in 2015. Del Rey is set to release her studio album, titled Lust for Life. She has one sister, Caroline Grant, and one brother. Her paternal grandfather, Robert England Grant, Sr. was a Kidder, Peabody & Co. investment banker, a president for Plough, Inc and Textron. Del Rey grew up in rural Lake Placid, New York, and attended a Catholic elementary school and for one year and she began singing in her church choir when she was a child, where she was the cantor. At age fifteen, she was sent to Kent School by her parents to deal with her rampant alcohol abuse, her uncle, before becoming a singer, Del Rey wanted to be a poet. As a child, her father wrote country songs for personal enjoyment, while her mother was interested in singing, during this time, Del Reys uncle taught her how to play guitar, and she realized could probably write a million songs with those six chords. Shortly after, she began writing songs and performing in nightclubs around the city under various names such as Sparkle Jump Rope Queen and Lizzy Grant, I was always singing, but didnt plan on pursuing it seriously, Del Rey said. The following fall, she enrolled at Fordham University where she majored in philosophy, Del Rey said she chose to study the subject because it bridged the gap between God and science. I was interested in God and how technology could bring us closer to finding out where we came from, according to Del Rey, she had trouble making friends in boarding school and college, and said, that was when my musical experience began. I kind of people for myself. After college, she moved to Brooklyn, where she resided for four years. On April 25,2005, a compact disc was registered under Elizabeth Woolridge Grant with the United States Copyright Office
21.
The Lashes
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The Lashes are a Seattle-based power pop band. The band formed in Seattle in 2000, in 2004, the Lashes made their recording debut with the Stupid Stupid EP produced by John Goodmanson and released on Berkeley, California-based Lookout. Sold-out shows with The Libertines and Ted Leo and the Pharmacists followed that same year, before the years end, the Lashes joined producer John Goodmanson for the recording of their debut album. Get It was issued on Columbia Records on February 21,2006, the band toured extensively in 2006 with acts such as Damone, The Living End, Rooney, and Morningwood. On May 5,2007, guitarist Eric Howk fell into a 12-foot-deep hole at a site near a friends house and broke several vertebrae. The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down, but he demanded the band not cancel their appearance at Bumbershoot 2007. The band most recently self-released the first half of their second LP and it was released exclusively at Sonic Boom Records and was once again produced by John Goodmanson. The Stupid Stupid Get It Thank You Side A2008 The Lashes Official Website
22.
Pacific Northwest
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The Pacific Northwest, sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Though no agreed boundary exists, a common conception includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader conceptions reach north into Alaska and Yukon, south into far northern California and east to the Continental Divide, thus including Idaho, Western Montana, narrower conceptions may be limited to the northwestern US or to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains. The variety of definitions can be attributed to partially overlapping commonalities of the history, geography, society. The Northwest Coast is the region of the Pacific Northwest. The term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada. The border — in two sections, along the 49th parallel south of British Columbia and the Alaska Panhandle west of northern British Columbia — has had an effect on the region. According to Canadian historian Ken Coates, the border has not merely influenced the Pacific Northwest—rather, definitions of the Pacific Northwest region vary, and there is no commonly agreed-upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common conception of the Pacific Northwest includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington as well as the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader definitions of the region may include the U. S. state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, the portion of the state of California. Definitions based on the historic Oregon Country reach east to the Continental Divide, thus including all of Idaho and parts of western Montana. Sometimes the Pacific Northwest is defined as being the Northwestern United States, often these definitions are made by government agencies whose scope is limited to the United States. Some definitions include, in addition to Washington, Oregon, Idaho and British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, western Montana, the coast of northern California, the Pacific Northwest has been occupied by a diverse array of indigenous peoples for millennia. The Pacific Coast is seen by scholars as a major coastal migration route in the settlement of the Americas by late Pleistocene peoples moving from northeast Asia into the Americas. Other evidence for human occupation dating back as much as 14,500 years ago is emerging from Paisley Caves in south-central Oregon, however, despite such research, the coastal migration hypothesis is still subject to considerable debate. Due in part to the richness of Pacific Northwest Coast and river fisheries, in the interior of the Pacific Northwest, the indigenous peoples, at the time of European contact, had a diversity of cultures and societies. Some areas were home to mobile and egalitarian societies, others, especially along major rivers such as the Columbia and Fraser, had very complex, affluent, sedentary societies rivaling those of the coast. In British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, the Tlingit and Haida erected large, throughout the Pacific Northwest, thousands of indigenous people live, and some continue to practice their rich cultural traditions, organizing their societies around cedar and salmon
23.
Damien Jurado
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Damien Jurado is an American indie rock singer/songwriter from Seattle, Washington. Over the years, he has released albums on Sub Pop, Jurados solo career began during the mid-1990s, releasing lo-fi folk based recordings on his own cassette-only label, Casa Recordings. Gaining a local following in Seattle, he was brought to the attention of Sub Pop Records by Sunny Day Real Estate singer Jeremy Enigk. After two 7 releases Sub Pop issued his first full album, Waters Ave S. in 1997 and his second album Rehearsals for Departure, was released in 1999, produced by Ken Stringfellow. He often makes use of sound and field recording techniques. In 2000 he released Postcards and Audio Letters, a collection of found audio letters and fragments that he had found from such as thrift store tape players. Also released in 2000 was Ghost of David, Jurados bleakest and most personal sounding record to date, I Break Chairs was produced by long-time friend, Pedro the Lions David Bazan. It was his last album for Sub Pop, and was a much rockier, after signing for the Indiana-based label Secretly Canadian, Jurado reverted to his trademark folk ballad-based style, releasing four more albums, Where Shall You Take Me. On My Way to Absence, And Now That Im in Your Shadow, in 2009, Jurado teamed with his brother Drake to issue an LP under the moniker Hoquiam, released on February 23,2010. The album preceded Damiens next solo release, dubbed Saint Bartlett, after touring the album with Kay Kay and His Weathered Underground, Jurado began work on his next album. On February 21,2012 he released his 10th studio album, Maraqopa, in January 2014 Jurado released Brothers and Sisters of the Eternal Son an album which marked the third straight collaboration with producer Richard Swift. In March 2016, Jurado released Visions of Us on the Land, in September 2016 he was forced to cancel an Australian tour due to health issues. Jurado appears on the tracks Almost Home and The Dogs on Mobys album Innocents and he is also featured in an episode of the BYUtv music documentary series Audio-Files. Jurados song Everything Trying appeared in the NBC series The Blacklist, in the 2015 romantic comedy, Tumbledown, Jurado contributes to many songs on the soundtrack. He duets with Lotte Kestner on her song Turn the Wolves on the 2013 album The Bluebird of Happiness and he has collaborated extensively with Richard Swift. Waters Ave S. Rehearsals for Departure Postcards and Audio Letters Ghost of David I Break Chairs Where Shall You Take Me
24.
Jesse Sykes
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Jesse Sykes is an American singer and songwriter, best known for her band Jesse Sykes & the Sweet Hereafter, which was formed in 1999 with Phil Wandscher. Sykes was born in Mount Kisco, New York, and grew up in Pound Ridge, an obsession with Lynyrd Skynyrd drove her to purchase her first guitar at age 12. She has a BFA in photography from Rhode Island School of Design, Sykes moved to Seattle in 1990 after a brief stint in New York City. I was open to anything new, and on a whim just came out here, I didnt expect to stay so long. Sykes also told the Seattle P. I that among her more memorable experiences in the 90s was meeting maverick songwriter Townes Van Zandt after a Seattle show, instantly, I felt like I knew him. There was something very, very powerful about him, she said, I think hes one of those guys who was kind of like a shaman. I think he made everyone who met him feel that love and he was there to receive and to give. When he hugged me, it felt like a river was going right through my heart and that feeling never really went away. In 1990 Sykes moved to Seattle, Washington, and began playing in bands, Sykes was formerly in the band Hominy with then husband, Jim Sykes, who played guitar. The band released an album in 1998 on the Ivy label. In 1998, she met Phil Wandscher, who was known for both co-founding and for being fired from alt-country band Whiskeytown. They formed the band Jesse Sykes & the Sweet Hereafter, members of The Sweet Hereafter included Anne Marie Ruljancich on viola, Bill Herzog on bass, Kevin Warner on drums and Eric Eagle on drums. In 1999 Sykes met producer Tucker Martine who recorded and produced the first three albums of The Sweet Hereafter, 2011s Marble Son was produced by Sykes and Wandscher along with engineer Mell Dettmer. There was additional recording and production on both Like, Love, Lust and the Open Halls of the Soul and Marble Son by Martin Feveyear, the same year the band signed with Paris-based label Fargo. The Seattle Times said, Rolling Stone magazine called Sykes brooding, emotionally-raw album quiet marvels of lamentation, according to the Miami New Times, At this time the band spent the majority of time on the road, mostly in Europe where The Sweet Hereafter received its earliest accolades. The band played the Roskilde musical festival in Denmark in 2004, in 2005, Conor Oberst, a fan of the band, invited them to tour with his band Bright Eyes. Sadly, Mark Linkous died from a gun shot wound in 2010. The song, Birds Of Passerine on Marble Son was written by Sykes for Mark Linkous after his death, in 2008 the band toured with Earth and Black Mountain
25.
David Bazan
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David Bazan is an indie rock singer-songwriter from Seattle, Washington. Bazan was the singer and creative force behind the band Pedro the Lion and was the lead singer of Headphones. In early 2006, he began performing and recording under his own name, in the early 90s he played drums in the band The Guilty with fellow songwriter Damien Jurado. Bazan had attended Shorewood High School with Jurado, in 2002, he played drums and sang backup vocals for Seldom, in 2004, he played with Starflyer 59. In 2005, Bazan collaborated with TW Walsh, Frank Lenz of Starflyer 59 and Nick Peterson, Walsh later left the band for personal reasons after a tour on which he handled drum duties. Peterson filled in on drums for the remaining Headphones live shows, the band released one self-titled LP and there were no subsequent plans from Bazan to continue recording under the Headphones moniker. Bazan was part of The Undertow Orchestra with Mark Eitzel, Will Johnson, Vic Chesnutt and they toured the USA and Europe in 2006. Bazan is a friend of comedian Horatio Sanz, and performed at Sanzs 2006 Christmas show, The Ho-Ho-Horatio Christmas Special. In 2007 he did a Take-Away Show acoustic video session, Bazan has also been involved with Crystal Skulls and Walshs band The Soft Drugs. Bazan is a member of Overseas with Will Johnson of Centro-matic and Bubba & Matt Kadane of Bedhead and their debut album was officially announced on April 4,2013 and was released on June 11,2013. Bazan recorded his first solo project, the EP Fewer Moving Parts, the EP was released on June 13,2006. In September 2008, in an interview with 89.3 The Current, Bazan mentioned that his album would be played entirely by him. Bazan released his first DVD the following month, the DVD contains interviews and intimate live performances filmed in his home studio, on his front porch, and while driving around in his Ford Bronco. It was shot during two weekends in June and July 2008 in Seattle, the DVD, entitled Bazan, Alone at the Microphone, was released October 21,2008. In October 2008, Bazan released the version of American Flags on his Facebook. The track was available for purchase on iTunes and other online vendors in November, along with a version of Please, Baby. Beginning in March 2009, Bazan played a series of small, the smaller shows allowed him to debut new material and generate income, while still maintaining a low profile per the request of his record label. Bazans full-length debut album, Curse Your Branches, was released on September 1,2009 on Barsuk Records and his second full-length solo album, Strange Negotiations, was released May 24,2011
26.
Evangelical Christianity
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Its origins are usually traced back to English Methodism, the Moravian Church, and German Lutheran Pietism. While all these phenomena contributed greatly, John Wesley and other early Methodists were at the root of sparking this new movement during the First Great Awakening, today, Evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches, as well as in various denominations not subsumed to a specific branch. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones. The movement gained momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the Great Awakenings in the United Kingdom. The Americas, Africa, and Asia are home to the majority of Evangelicals, United States has the largest concentration of Evangelicals in the world, its community forms a quarter of the population, is politically important and based mostly in the Bible Belt. In the United Kingdom, Evangelicals are mostly represented in the Methodist Church, Baptist communities, Evangelicalism, a major part of popular Protestantism, is among the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world, alongside resurgent Islam. While on the rise globally, the world is particularly influenced by its spread. The first published use of evangelical in English came in 1531 when William Tyndale wrote He exhorteth them to proceed constantly in the evangelical truth. One year later Sir Thomas More produced the earliest recorded use in reference to a theological distinction when he spoke of Tyndale his evangelical brother Barns, during the Reformation, Protestant theologians embraced the label as referring to gospel truth. Martin Luther referred to the evangelische Kirche to distinguish Protestants from Catholics in the Roman Catholic Church, into the 21st century, evangelical has continued in use as a synonym for Protestant in continental Europe, and elsewhere. This usage is reflected in the names of Protestant denominations such as the Evangelical Church in Germany, the term may also occur outside any religious context to characterize a generic missionary, reforming, or redeeming impulse or purpose. For example, the Times Literary Supplement refers to the rise, one influential definition of Evangelicalism has been proposed by historian David Bebbington. Conversionism, or belief in the necessity of being again, has been a constant theme of Evangelicalism since its beginnings. To Evangelicals, the message of the gospel is justification by faith in Christ and repentance, or turning away. Conversion differentiates the Christian from the non-Christian, and the change in life it leads to is marked by both a rejection of sin and a corresponding personal holiness of life. A conversion experience can be emotional, including grief and sorrow for sin followed by great relief at receiving forgiveness, the stress on conversion is further differentiated from other forms of Protestantism by the belief that an assurance of salvation will accompany conversion. Among Evangelicals, individuals have testified to both sudden and gradual conversions, biblicism is reverence for the Bible and a high regard for biblical authority. All Evangelicals believe in inspiration, though they disagree over how this inspiration should be defined
27.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
28.
Hewlett-Packard
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The Hewlett-Packard Company or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. The company was founded in a garage in Palo Alto by William Bill Redington Hewlett and David Dave Packard. HP was the worlds leading PC manufacturer from 2007 to Q22013 and it specialized in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. HP also had services and consulting business around its products and partner products.4 billion in 2008, in November 2009, HP announced the acquisition of 3Com, with the deal closing on April 12,2010. On April 28,2010, HP announced the buyout of Palm, on September 2,2010, HP won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer, which Dell declined to match. On October 6,2014, Hewlett-Packard announced plans to split the PC and printers business from its enterprise products, the split closed on November 1,2015, and resulted in two publicly traded companies, HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise. William Redington Hewlett and David Packard graduated with degrees in engineering from Stanford University in 1935. The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor, Terman was considered a mentor to them in forming Hewlett-Packard. In 1939, Packard and Hewlett established Hewlett-Packard in Packards garage with a capital investment of US$538. Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett, HP incorporated on August 18,1947, and went public on November 6,1957. Of the many projects they worked on, their very first financially successful product was an audio oscillator. This allowed them to sell the Model 200A for $54.40 when competitors were selling less stable oscillators for over $200, the Model 200 series of generators continued until at least 1972 as the 200AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years. They worked on technology and artillery shell fuses during World War II. Hewlett-Packards HP Associates division, established around 1960, developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use, instruments and calculators were some of the products using these devices. HP partnered in the 1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop several high-quality products, the products were not a huge success, as there were high costs in building HP-looking products in Japan. HP and Yokogawa formed a joint venture in 1963 to market HP products in Japan, HP bought Yokogawa Electrics share of Hewlett-Packard Japan in 1999. HP spun off a company, Dynac, to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so that the HP logo hp could be turned upside down to be a reverse image of the logo dy of the new company
29.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
30.
Slow Train Coming
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Slow Train Coming is the nineteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on August 20,1979 by Columbia Records. It was Dylans first effort since becoming a born-again Christian, and all of the songs express his strong personal faith, or stress the importance of Christian teachings. The evangelical nature of the record alienated many of Dylans existing fans, at the same time, Slow Train Coming was listed at #16 in the 2001 book CCM Presents, The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music. The album peaked at #2 on the charts in the UK and went platinum in the US, by November 1978, Dylan had received some of the worst reviews of his career. In late January, he finally premiered Renaldo and Clara, the part-fiction, part-concert film shot in the fall of 1975, charges of sexism, poor production, and poor writing were thrown at the album. Yet Dylan was in good spirits, according to his own account, I had come a long way in just the year we were on the road. This would change on November 17 in San Diego, California, as Clinton Heylin reports, the show itself was proving to be very physically demanding, but then, he perhaps reasoned, hed played a gig in Montreal a month earlier with a temperature of 105. Towards the end of the show someone out in the crowd, knew I wasnt feeling too well, recalled Dylan in a 1979 interview. I think they could see that, and they threw a silver cross on the stage. Now usually I dont pick things up in front of the stage, but I looked down at that cross. I said, I gotta pick that up, so I picked up the cross and I put it in my pocket. And I brought it backstage and I brought it with me to the next town, I was feeling even worse than Id felt when I was in San Diego. I said, Well, I need something tonight, I didnt know what it was. I was used to all kinds of things, I said, I need something tonight that I didnt have before. And I looked in my pocket and I had this cross, Dylan believed he had experienced a vision of Christ in his Tucson hotel room. Jesus did appear to me as King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, there was a presence in the room that couldnt have been anybody but Jesus. Jesus put his hand on me, I felt my whole body tremble. The glory of the Lord knocked me down and picked me up, Heylin writes that his state of mind may well have made him susceptible to such an experience
31.
Nyack College
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Nyack has three campuses, New York City, NY, Rockland, NY, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Nyack offers both on campus and online courses as part of its undergraduate, graduate, and seminary programs, nyack’s Carnegie Classification is Master’s Level — Larger Programs. Simpson’s view was shared by many of his contemporaries, including church leaders, laborers. The Missionary Training Institute was later granted a charter by the New York Board of Regents, in 1953, the school was authorized to confer the Bachelor of Science degree and, in 1961, the Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1960, the corporation was authorized to conduct a program as the forerunner of the Alliance Theological Seminary. Nyack first received accreditation in 1962 from the Middle States Association of Colleges. In 1963, the became a member of the American Council on Education. After more than a decade of nomadic address changes for the Institute—including Eighth Avenue and 44th Street in Manhattan —28 acres of land were purchased in Rockland County, New York. In 1897, the relocated to the village of South Nyack and became widely known as a Bible college. The end of World War II brought great change to the institution, the school changed its name to Nyack Missionary College in 1956, achieved Middle States accreditation in 1962, and began offering a range of liberal arts programs in the 1960s. In conjunction with changes, the seminary was established in 1960 as the Jaffray School of Missions. The Jaffray School of Missions emphasized the interdisciplinary encounter between theology and the social sciences, in 1974, the Jaffray program was redesigned to include the preparation of students for ministry in North America and abroad. The name of the seminary was changed to the Alliance School of Theology. The school changed its name to Nyack College in 1972 and began offering degree programs like education. By the late 1990s the majority of the students were majoring in these professional and liberal arts programs. In 1997, the opened a branch campus in New York City. Classes began in the new facility in the fall of 2013, the college is led by an executive team with the top three officers — President, Provost, and Executive Vice President — who collectively have 84 years of service with the institution. As of fall 2015,284 faculty members teach in Nyacks schools and divisions, at Nyack, 47% of the instructional faculty members are asian, black or hispanic, 54% are male, and 46% are female
32.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
33.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
34.
Richard Buckner (musician)
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Richard Buckner is an American singer-songwriter born in California, United States. After living in Edmonton, Alberta for a number of years, he resides in Brooklyn. Buckners career began with Bloomed, a suite of songs recorded in Lubbock, Texas. In January 1996, while living in San Francisco, he recorded an albums worth of songs, all of which reappeared in more fully realized forms on his second. This CD was self-produced and self-released, and was sold exclusively at his early shows, later that year, he signed with MCA Records, for whom he recorded two albums, both produced by J. D. Foster. Although these albums garnered considerable critical approval for Buckner, they did not perform well enough for his label, since then, he has returned to recording for smaller labels, to continued critical acclaim and cult status. His 2000 album The Hill - his first for Chicago-based indie label Overcoat Recordings - features poems from Edgar Lee Masters Spoon River Anthology, the album plays as a single track, nearly thirty-five minutes long. He returned in 2002, first with the teaser EP Impasse-ette, in early 2003, his self-released, self-titled album was reissued by Overcoat, and was his final release for the label. In 2004, a version of Richard Buckners song Ariel Ramirez. The song, in its form, was featured prominently in the 2008 horror film. He is currently aligned with the North Carolina-based indie label Merge Records, between the two, he released an album with Jon Langford called Sir Dark Invader vs. The Fanglord on Buried Treasure Records, Merge Records released Buckners album Our Blood on August 2,2011. The album was licensed in Europe and Oceania to Decor records, Buckner latest album, Surrounded, was released in 2013 by Merge Records. Bloomed Richard Buckner Devotion + Doubt Since The Hill Impasse-ette Impasse Dents, the Fanglord Meadow Our Blood Surrounded The Band of Blacky Ranchette – Still Lookin Good to Me Richard Buckners Our Blood on The Lyric Sheet from InDigest
35.
Helplessness Blues
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Helplessness Blues is the second studio album by Seattle, Washington–based folk band Fleet Foxes. Released on May 3,2011 as the follow-up to their debut album. The release peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, the bands highest position on the chart to date, to support the album, the band embarked on a worldwide Helplessness Blues Tour. Helplessness Blues is the bands first studio album to feature bass guitarist Christian Wargo and it is also the bands only album to feature drummer and backing vocalist Josh Tillman, who left the band in 2012 to pursue his solo career under the name Father John Misty. Initially, Robin Pecknold had stated that he would have liked the album to be released in 2009, however and they got together to rehearse new songs in February 2009 in a rented house outside Seattle, but the sessions were mostly scrapped. As a result of those sessions, the band lost $60,000 of their own money. Added to this, Phil Ek, the producer and friend answered in an interview that he was likely to continue as the producer as Robin had already sent him some demos to start listening to. In an interview with Pitchfork Media, Pecknold stated he expected the album to be released sometime in the half of 2010. In an interview with Rolling Stone Magazine, Pecknold admitted that his girlfriend of five years found the stress this album placed on their relationship too much, upon hearing the completed album, she realized that Pecknolds efforts were worth it, and they tried to work it out. The couple has split up. Pecknold has come out saying for their second album he tried to sound less poppy, less upbeat, taking inspiration from Roy Harpers folk album Stormcock, or at least its 12-string guitar he said, That will be the primary sonic distancing from the last record. Added to this, he stated they wanted to record quickly, saying he wanted to do the vocal takes in one go, so even if there are fuck-ups. I want there to be guitar mistakes, I want there to be not totally flawless vocals. I want to record it and have that kind of cohesive sound, van Morrisons Astral Weeks, to me, is the best-sounding album because it sounds like there were only six hours in the universe for that album to be recorded in. So I want it to have that feeling, the band had recorded since April 2010 in different locations after two years of writing material and decided to scrap the earlier idea of a fast recording. The album cover was illustrated by a Seattle artist Toby Liebowitz, the title track, Helplessness Blues was released via free download on January 31,2011, and the albums fourth track, Battery Kinzie premiered on Zane Lowes show on March 22,2011. Their record label, Sub Pop, also released a music video made up of recording. Additionally, the released a 12 double A-side single of the title track backed with Grown Ocean for Record Store Day on April 16,2011
36.
Tokyo
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Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government, Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868, Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo. The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo, the metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the wards is over 9 million people. The prefecture is part of the worlds most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people, the city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest number of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit, the city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV, Tokyo MX, TV Tokyo, TV Asahi, Nippon Television, NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System. Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index. The city is considered a world city – as listed by the GaWCs 2008 inventory – and in 2014. In 2015, Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle, the Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index, the 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student. Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1979 G-7 summit, the 1986 G-7 summit, and the 1993 G-7 summit, and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, Tokyo was originally known as Edo, which means estuary. During the early Meiji period, the city was also called Tōkei, some surviving official English documents use the spelling Tokei. However, this pronunciation is now obsolete, the name Tokyo was first suggested in 1813 in the book Kondō Hisaku, written by Satō Nobuhiro. When Ōkubo Toshimichi proposed the renaming to the government during the Meiji Restoration, according to Oda Kanshi, Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was formerly part of the old Musashi Province. Edo was first fortified by the Edo clan, in the twelfth century
37.
Bonnaroo Music Festival
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The festival typically starts on the second Thursday in June and lasts four days. Musical acts play from noon until 3, 00am or later. The festival began with a focus on jam bands and folk rock, it has diversified in recent years, the festival features craftsmen and artisans selling unique products, food and drink vendors, a comedy tent, silent disco, cinema tent, and a Ferris wheel. Bonnaroo Music Festival was largely influenced by rock concerts of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the festival is a nod to the Monterey International Pop Music Festival, the Atlanta International Pop Festival, and most famously the Woodstock Music & Art Fair. Bonnaroo was established by Ashley Capps of AC Entertainment and Kerry Black, Rick Farman, Richard Goodstone, the first Bonnaroo took place in 2002. The founders chose bonnaroo, a Creole slang word meaning a good time, for its literal meaning. This term was popularized by New Orleans R&B singer Dr. John with his 1974 album Desitively Bonnaroo, the founders were inspired by music festivals they attended in the 1990s, including those put on by the band Phish, and events held in Coachella and Glastonbury. They found a site in Manchester, Tennessee that had facilities, using only their website for ticket sales, they sold out the festival in about two weeks. By 2003, the festival had been named by Rolling Stone magazine as one of the top 50 moments in rock & roll, Comedy acts such as Jim Breuer were first added in 2005. In 2007, Bonnaroo purchased the land for the festival, creating Great Stage Park with all of its iconic features and they installed a permanent main stage in 2010. On January 10,2007, Bonnaroo organizers Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment purchased a portion of the site where the annual music festival is held. Since its inception, Bonnaroo has contributed more than $1 million directly to Coffee County organizations, in addition to the festivals annual charitable contributions, its activities help generate annual revenue for the county. Measured in a 2005 study, the impact of the event on Coffee County was more than $14 million in business revenues. The Bonnaroo music festival makes most of its income from the fans and it provided aid to assist local organizations following disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake,2005 Hurricane Katrina, Nashville floods, and Gulf of Mexico oil spill. By 2013, the direct and indirect impact of the festival since inception was estimated at $51 million. Bonnaroo is run to support recycling and sustainability, in 2011, A Greener Festival recognized Bonnaroos efforts for the previous three years with an award. In 2004 Bonaroo said it prevented having to collect 120 tons of trash by encouraging fans to recycle, food and drink are sold in organic and recyclable materials to create less waste. AGF auditors review festivals, as well as requiring their self-evaluation, as of late, Bonnaroo initiates many green activities during the festival, such as Planet Roo, a hub advocating sustainability and effective change toward the environment
38.
Fear Fun
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Fear Fun is the first studio album released by American folk musician Josh Tillman under his pseudonym Father John Misty. The album debuted at No.43 on Top Rock Albums and at No.123 on Billboard 200 and it has sold 83,000 copies in the US as of February 2015. In 2009, Josh Tillman decided that he no longer wished to record under the pseudonym J. Tillman. All of a sudden, people were rapt with attention and I had this very devastating and sobering realization that I was way better at that part of the show than the music part. I don’t even like wound-licking music, I want to listen to someone rip their arm off, I don’t believe that until now I’ve ever put anything at risk in my music. I was hell-bent on putting my preciousness at stake in order to find something worth singing about. This contrast between the music he was making and the person he really was led to a crisis concerning his work as a musician, I lost all interest in writing music, or identifying as a ‘songwriter’. I got into my van with enough mushrooms to choke a horse, after a few weeks, I was writing a novel, which is where I finally found my narrative voice. The voice that is actually useful, I knew there was never any going back to the place I was writing from before, which was a huge relief. The monkey got banished off my back, the monkey hes speaking about is specified in an interview for No Depression as a wrong idea of oneself, When I was in high school I wanted to be an obscure singer-songwriter. I really wanted to be one of those guys that nobody knew about and it all makes perfect sense to me. I wanted to be like Townes Van Zandt, Nick Drake, somebody who was respected but unknown. That was the most romantic thing to me, and as I was doing those records, I felt like I was part of the club, and I got to meet some of those guys. It was like I got invited into the inner sanctum, I was really into it for a long time, but I just ran out of things to do in it. At some point, I realized that in order to go where I needed to go, I said to myself You are not that, you are a man. You have to not want to be anyone else, or want to be anything else and you have to just be what you are. I realized that I am a smart-ass, and that I have always been a kind of smart-ass, not fulfilling preexisting ideas Tillman used some sort of arbitrariness finding his new moniker Father John Misty. Sort of a name I’ve decided to give to this weird, subconscious, dream fragmentation I have of this homosexual, like making out with my brother
39.
Parks and Recreation
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Created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, the series aired on NBC from April 9,2009 to February 24,2015, for 125 episodes, over seven seasons. It was written by the writers and uses the same filming style as The Office. The writers researched local California politics for the show, and consulted with urban planners, Poehlers character, Leslie Knope, underwent major changes after the first season, in response to audience feedback that she seemed unintelligent and ditzy. The writing staff incorporated current events into the episodes, such as a government shutdown in Pawnee inspired by the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. Several guest stars, such as Jason Mantzoukas, Kathryn Hahn, Sam Elliott, Bill Murray, Paul Rudd, and Jon Hamm, have been featured in the show, and their characters often appear in multiple episodes. Parks and Recreation was part of NBCs Comedy Night Done Right programming during its Thursday night prime-time block, the series received mixed reviews during its first season, but, after a re-approach to its tone and format, the second and subsequent seasons were widely acclaimed. In TIMEs 2012 year-end lists issue, Parks and Recreation was named the number one television series of that year, in 2013, after receiving four consecutive nominations in the category, Parks and Recreation won the Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy. Parks and Recreation focuses on Leslie Knope, the deputy director of the Parks, local nurse Ann Perkins demands that a construction pit in the abandoned lot beside her house be filled in after her boyfriend, Andy Dwyer, fell in and broke his legs. Leslie promises to turn the pit into a park, despite resistance from the parks director Ron Swanson, later, Ann becomes furious to learn Andy had his cast removal postponed for two weeks so Ann would pamper him longer. Meanwhile, a drunken and lonely Mark takes Leslie to the pit and kisses her, an embarrassed Mark accidentally falls into the pit and injures himself. Ann breaks up with Andy and begins dating Mark, with Leslies approval and it is revealed that Toms marriage to pediatric surgeon Wendy is actually a green card marriage, which, to his disappointment, eventually ends in divorce. The pit is filled in, after which Ron is visited by his horrible ex-wife Tammy Two. April becomes attracted to Andy, but he remains fixated on Ann, just as Mark plans to propose to Ann, she reveals she no longer has feelings for him. They break up, and Mark leaves his city hall career for a private sector job, meanwhile, a crippling budget deficit leads state auditors Chris Traeger and Ben Wyatt to shut down the Pawnee government temporarily, much to Leslies horror and Rons delight. Meanwhile, Andy develops feelings for April, but she fears he is hung up on Ann. Ann later kisses Andy due to conflicting emotions from her break-up with Mark, the season ends with Toms shocked discovery that Ron is now dating his ex-wife, Wendy. Leslie decides to bring back the defunct Pawnee harvest festival, the success or failure of which determine the financial future of the department. While working on the festival, Leslie and Ben begin to develop feelings for each other, after weeks of planning, the festival becomes a tremendous success through Leslies efforts
40.
Aubrey Plaza
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Aubrey Christina Plaza is an American comedian and actress. She is best known for portraying April Ludgate on the NBC sitcom Parks, after appearing in supporting roles in several films, Plaza had her first leading role in the 2012 comedy Safety Not Guaranteed. Plaza currently stars as Lenny Busker in the FX series Legion, Plaza began her career as an intern. After performing improv and sketch comedy at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater and she later appeared in films such as Funny People, Scott Pilgrim vs. the World,10 Years, Dirty Grandpa, and Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates. Plaza was born in Wilmington, Delaware, to Bernadette, an attorney, and David Plaza and she has two younger sisters, Renee and Natalie, the latter has inspired a number of Aubreys comedic characters. Plaza was named after the song Aubrey by Bread and her father is Puerto Rican and her mother is Irish–English. Plaza has stated, I was like the only kid in my high school. But yeah, I have a family and tons of cousins in Puerto Rico. She participated in productions with the Wilmington Drama League, Plaza attended an all-girls Catholic school from grades 4-12. She graduated from Ursuline Academy in 2002, and New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts in 2006, in high school she was student council president. While at NYU in 2004, Plaza suffered a stroke that caused temporary paralysis, since then she has fully recovered. Plaza has had many internships, including an intern for Samba Post-Its, one day and she also worked as an NBC page. She served as an assistant to writer/producer/director Bennett Davlin during the making of his award-winning short film. Plaza has performed improv and sketch comedy at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater since 2004 and she also performed stand-up and has appeared at the Laugh Factory and The Improv. Plaza starred in the online series The Jeannie Tate Show, and she appeared in the first episode of Terrible Decisions with Ben Schwartz on Funny or Die. She played Seth Rogens love interest, Daisy, in 2009s Funny People directed by Judd Apatow and she appeared in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, and Derrick Comedys Mystery Team, which debuted at 2009 Sundance. She appeared in a CollegeHumor short alongside Jason Bateman and Will Arnett and she played April Ludgate in Parks and Recreation. For her performance as the employee, she received universal praise throughout the entire show
41.
Indicud
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Indicud is the third studio album by American hip hop recording artist Kid Cudi. The album was released on April 12,2013, by Republic Records and it was the first album of Cudis solo career to not be an installment of his Man on the Moon series. The albums cover artwork was designed by Kid Cudi himself, who served as an executive producer of Indicud. It was Cudis goal to make more uptempo and positive music with the album and he described it as a completely new format compared to his previous albums. The albums record production was handled entirely by Cudi as well, with record producer Hit-Boy co-producing one track, while Cudis WZRD bandmate Dot da Genius. During the early release of Indicud, it was preceded by four singles – Just What I Am featuring King Chip, King Wizard, Immortal, Indicud debuted at number 2 in the United States. With sales of 139,000 copies and debuted at number 32 on the UK Albums Chart, becoming Cudis highest-charting album on the chart, the album received generally mixed reviews from music critics. After his crossover into music with Dot da Genius, on their project WZRD. On June 8,2012, Cudi announced Indicud, would be an album, until tweeting on October 28,2012 that Indicud will not be a double disc. Kid Cudi also tweeted, The overall tone of indicud is positive and confident, adding, New format with some of my favorite musical tricks here and there. Before the albums release, in December 2012, Cudi dedicated Indicud to the late Ben Breedlove and all his fans who died, continuing, the dedication was ultimately included in the albums liner notes. The album is upbeat and optimistic, very much unlike his previous studio album Man on the Moon II, The Legend of Mr. Rager, which was considered darkly erratic. The positive vibe stems from Cudis desire to change and reinvent. Since Ive been in the business, critics have known that about me, when I started working on Indicud, I just wanted to bring more energy into my sound. Most of my old music was driven towards relaxed, chilled out smoke music, and that was my goal first coming in. Now its like, What’s a side of me that people haven’t seen, the only time people have seen me on up-tempos is on remixes or some shit. So I just wanted to take the energy to the next level and that ultimately inspired the subject matter. With the up-tempos came more positive lyrics and it just brightened up the whole shit
42.
Secretly Canadian
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Secretly Canadian is an American independent record label based in Bloomington, Indiana with offices in Brooklyn, London, Austin, Los Angeles and Paris. Secretly Canadian was started in 1996 by Chris and Ben Swanson, Eric Weddle, the labels first two releases were a 7 by Songs, Ohia and a re-issue of an album by June Panic. Weddle later left to form label Family Vineyard, and the trio were joined by Darius Van Arman in 1999. The label joined forces with Van Armans Jagjaguwar, and the company has expanded rapidly since then, tig Notaro was nominated for a Grammy in 2014 and 2017 in the Best Comedy Album category, for the albums LIVE and Boyish Girl Interrupted respectively. The War on Drugs won the A2IM Libera award for Album of the Year in 2015
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The History Of Caves
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The History of Caves is a soundtrack by American folk musician Josh Tillman and was released under his own name via Sub Pop. The album is an LP release only and is a Black Friday exclusive and it was recorded as a score for the identically titled short film of his wife, Emma Elizabeth Tillman. Except for the a capella track Titles Theme For Boy Voices the album is wholly instrumental and it is the first album released under the name Josh Tillman. Asked by Rolling Stone how he came to compose the soundtrack for the film, Tillman answered, I dont have any real aspirations to score films or anything, but it was an instance where I understood her. Im trying to avoid using the word vision, I understood the way in which she wanted to communicate her story
44.
The History of Caves
–
The History of Caves is a soundtrack by American folk musician Josh Tillman and was released under his own name via Sub Pop. The album is an LP release only and is a Black Friday exclusive and it was recorded as a score for the identically titled short film of his wife, Emma Elizabeth Tillman. Except for the a capella track Titles Theme For Boy Voices the album is wholly instrumental and it is the first album released under the name Josh Tillman. Asked by Rolling Stone how he came to compose the soundtrack for the film, Tillman answered, I dont have any real aspirations to score films or anything, but it was an instance where I understood her. Im trying to avoid using the word vision, I understood the way in which she wanted to communicate her story
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