1.
Vista Outdoor
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Vista Outdoor Operations LLC is an American publicly traded designer, manufacturer, and marketer of outdoor sports and recreation products. The company operates in two segments, shooting sports and outdoor products and it is a house of brands with more than 30 labels and subsidiaries that produce ammunition, firearms, and outdoor accessories. The company trades under VSTO on the New York Stock Exchange, Alliant Techsystems, entered the ammunition and outdoor products business in 2001. ATK grew through acquisitions and a surge in demand for ammunition for police, hunting, in December 2014, regulators were informed that Vista Outdoor had signed an agreement for a $350 million secured loan with a term of five years and a $400 million revolving line of credit. Proceeds were partially used to pay down debt, ATK and Orbital filed a joint proxy statement and prospectus describing the share issuance with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 17,2014. The same month, the Department of Justice granted approval to the merger, ATK spun-off Vista Outdoor upon closing its merger with Orbital Sciences and became Orbital ATK on February 9,2015. Anyone holding ATK common stock at the end of the day on February 2,2015 received two shares of Vista Outdoor common stock. Eligible shareholders had their brokerage account credited or received a book-entry account statement reflecting their ownership, Vista Outdoor was thus initially 100% owned by ATK shareholders. Vista Outdoor stock traded on a basis from January 29,2015 to February 9,2015. It began regular way trading on the New York Stock Exchange on February 10,2015 under the ticker symbol VSTO, no payment or action of any kind was required of shareholders. This transaction was conducted on a tax-free basis, U. S. shareholders generally did not have to recognize a gain or loss for federal tax purposes. On February 25th,2016, BRG Sports announced its acceptance of a $400-million cash, Vista gained control of the Bell Sports, Giro, Blackburn, and C-Preme brands. For fiscal year 2015, Vista Outdoor reported earnings of $79.5 million or $1.25 per share on $2.08 billion in revenue, Vista reported that the Companys preliminary analysis indicates the impairment charge will be in the range of $400 million to $450 million. Most of Vistas brands are associated with shooting and hunting, the company also makes gear for camping, hiking, skiing, and biking such as flashlights, headlamps, lanterns, helmets, goggles, GPS locators, etc. Also knowns as Bushnell Outdoor Products, Bushnell specializes in optics and it also sells Bollé Performance Eyewear ski goggles and sunglasses and Serengeti Eyewear all-purpose sunglasses. David P. Bushnell founded Bushnell Corporation in 1948 during his service in the Allied-occupied Japan, in 1999, Bushnell was acquired by private equity firm Wind Point Partners. In 2007, Bushnell was acquired by MidOcean Partners, another private equity firm, in 2008, Bushnell acquired the assets of Simmons Outdoor Corporation from Meade Instruments. ATK announced its acquisition of Bushnell on September 5,2013 for $985 million in cash, cascade Cartridge, usually called CCI Ammunition, is based in Lewiston, Idaho
2.
Anoka, Minnesota
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Anoka is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota. The population was 17,142 at the 2010 census, Anoka calls itself the Halloween Capital of the World, because it hosted one of the first Halloween parades in 1920. It continues to celebrate the holiday each year with several parades, Anoka is a northern suburb of the Twin Cities. Highways 10 /169 and State Highway 47 are three of the routes, and a station on the Northstar Commuter Rail line to downtown Minneapolis is located in the city. The site which is now Anoka was first settled by immigrants in 1844, by the mid-1850s Anoka had grown to include a school, a store and a flour mill. In 1856, C. C. Andrews described Anoka as a large and handsome village, the city was formally incorporated in 1878. The name Anoka was derived from two Indian words, the native Dakota used A-NO-KA-TAN-HAN, meaning on both sides, or from both sides, referring to its location on the banks of the Rum River. The native Ojibwa used ON-O-KAY, meaning working waters, Anoka makes a strong claim for providing the first volunteers to the Union Army during the Civil War, noted by a small historical plaque standing at the corner of West Main Street and Park Street. Alexander Ramsey, Minnesotas governor in 1861, was in Washington and he immediately offered a regiment to the War Department, and telegraphed former governor Willis Gorman and Lieutenant Governor Ignatius L. Donnelly that same morning. Gorman, attending a court session in Anoka, received the note by messenger from St. Paul and called a court recess. Aaron Greenwald, who has a named after him on Lake George. He died July 2,1863, during the 1st Minnesota Regiments famous charge at Gettysburg, Anoka lies at the confluence of the Rum and Mississippi Rivers, about 20 miles northwest of Minneapolis. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.21 square miles. Adjacent communities include Dayton, Ramsey, Andover, Coon Rapids, the USGS tracks the city by the ID639396 and the coordinates of 45°11′52″N, 093°23′14″W. As of the census of 2010, there were 17,142 people,7,060 households, the population density was 2,558.5 inhabitants per square mile. There were 7,493 housing units at a density of 1,118.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 88. 0% White,4. 7% African American,1. 0% Native American,1. 8% Asian,1. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 2% of the population. 32. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95
3.
Minnesota
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Minnesota is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U. S. state on May 11,1858, the state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan Land of 10,000 Lakes. Its official motto is LÉtoile du Nord, Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U. S. Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until European settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe, in recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition. Minnesotas standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota. Many places in the state have similar names, such as Minnehaha Falls, Minneiska, Minneota, Minnetonka, Minnetrista, and Minneapolis, a combination of mni and polis, Minnesota is the second northernmost U. S. state. Its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods county is the part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel. The state is part of the U. S. region known as the Upper Midwest and it shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and a land and water border with Wisconsin to the east. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota are to the west, with 86,943 square miles, or approximately 2.25 percent of the United States, Minnesota is the 12th-largest state. Minnesota has some of the Earths oldest rocks, gneisses that are about 3.6 billion years old. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean, the roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1, in more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago and these glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift, much of the remainder of the state outside the northeast has 50 feet or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated. Gigantic Lake Agassiz formed in the northwest 13,000 years ago and its bed created the fertile Red River valley, and its outflow, glacial River Warren, carved the valley of the Minnesota River and the Upper Mississippi downstream from Fort Snelling. Minnesota is geologically quiet today, it experiences earthquakes infrequently, the states high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet, which is only 13 miles away from the low of 601 feet at the shore of Lake Superior. Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a rolling peneplain. Two major drainage divides meet in Minnesotas northeast in rural Hibbing, forming a triple watershed, precipitation can follow the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico, the Saint Lawrence Seaway east to the Atlantic Ocean, or the Hudson Bay watershed to the Arctic Ocean
4.
Shotgun shell
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A shotgun shell is a self-contained cartridge typically loaded with multiple metallic shot, which are small, generally spherical projectiles. Traditionally lead was used, but increasingly steel, tungsten or bismuth shot has replaced lead, due to laws designed to protect the environment. An old non-lethal shotgun load consisted of a shell loaded with rock salt, which could inflict very painful, but rarely deadly, wounds. Most shotgun shells are designed to be fired from a smoothbore barrel, a rifled barrel will increase the accuracy of slugs, but makes it unsuitable for firing shot, as it imparts a spin to the shot cup, causing a centrifugal force that makes the shot cluster disperse. Specialty shotgun ammunition includes non-lethal rounds available in the form of slugs made of low-density material, early shotgun shells used brass cases, not unlike rifle and pistol cartridge cases of the same era. These brass shotgun hulls or cases closely resembled rifle cartridges, in terms of both the head and primer portions of the shell, as well as in their dimensions. Card wads, made of felt, leather, and cork, waterglass was commonly used to cement the top overshot wad into these brass shell casings. No roll crimp or fold crimp was used on these early brass cases, the primers on these early shotgun shells were identical to pistol primers of the same diameter. Starting in about 1877, paper hulls started to replace brass shotgun shells, paper hulls remained popular for nearly a century, until the late 1960s. These shotgun shells using paper hulls were nearly always roll crimped, although fold crimping also eventually became popular. Card wads, made of felt and cork, as well as paperboard, were all used at times, gradually giving way to plastic over powder wads, with card wads. Starting in the 1960s, plastic cases started to replace paper hulls for shotgun shells, by the 1980s, plastic cases had largely replaced nearly all paper hulls for shotgun shells. Today, modern shotgun shells typically consist of a plastic case, as noted previously, paper shells used to be common, and are still made, as are solid brass shells. Some companies have produced what appear to be all-plastic shells, although in these there is a metal ring cast into the rim of the shell to provide strength. Often the more powerful loads will use high brass shells, with the extended up further along the sides of the shell. The brass does not actually provide a significant amount of strength, the base of the shotshell is fairly thick to hold the large shotgun primer, which is longer than primers used for rifle and pistol ammunition. After the powder comes the wadding or wad, the primary purpose of a wad is to prevent the shot and powder from mixing, and to provide a seal that prevents gas from blowing through the shot rather than propelling it. The wad design may encompass a shock absorber and a cup that holds the shot together until it is out the barrel
5.
Centerfire ammunition
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A centerfire cartridge is a cartridge with a primer located in the center of the cartridge case head. Unlike rimfire cartridges, the primer is a separate and replaceable component, centerfire cartridges have supplanted the rimfire variety in all but the smallest cartridge sizes. The stronger base of a cartridge is able to withstand higher pressures which in turn give a bullet greater velocity. Larger caliber rimfire cartridges require greater volumes of priming explosive than centerfire cartridges, reducing the amount of priming explosive would reduce the reliability of rimfire cartridge ignition, and increase the probability of misfire or dud cartridges. Economies of scale are achieved through interchangeable primers for a variety of centerfire cartridge calibers. The expensive individual brass cases can be reused after replacing the primer, gunpowder, the forward portion of some empty cases can be reformed for use as obsolete or wildcat cartridges with similar base configuration. Modern cartridges larger than.22 caliber are mostly centerfire, actions suitable for larger caliber rimfire cartridges declined in popularity until the demand for them no longer exceeded manufacturing costs, and they became obsolete. An early form of ammunition, without a percussion cap, was invented between 1808 and 1812 by Jean Samuel Pauly. This was also the first fully integrated cartridge, true centerfire ammunition was invented by the Frenchman Clement Pottet in 1829. However, Pottet would not perfect his design until 1855, the centerfire cartridge was improved by Benjamin Houllier, Gastinne Renette, Charles Lancaster, George Morse, Francois Schneider, Hiram Berdan and Edward Mounier Boxer. The identifying feature of centerfire ammunition is the primer which is a cup containing a primary explosive inserted into a recess in the center of the base of the cartridge. The firearm firing pin crushes this explosive between the cup and an anvil to produce hot gas and a shower of incandescent particles to ignite the powder charge, Berdan priming is less expensive to manufacture and is much more common in military-surplus ammunition made outside the United States. Berdan primers are named after their American inventor, Hiram Berdan of New York who invented his first variation of the Berdan primer and patented it on March 20,1866, in U. S. A small copper cylinder formed the shell of the cartridge, and this system worked well, allowing the option of installing a cap just before use of the propellant-loaded cartridge as well as permitting reloading the cartridge for reuse. S. Berdan primers have remained essentially the same functionally to the present day, Berdan primers are similar to the caps used in the caplock system, being small metal cups with pressure-sensitive explosive in them. Modern Berdan primers are pressed into the pocket of a Berdan-type cartridge case. Inside the primer pocket is a bump, the anvil, that rests against the center of the cup. Berdan cases are reusable, although the process is rather involved, the used primer must be removed, usually by hydraulic pressure or a pincer or lever that pulls the primer out of the bottom
6.
Rimfire ammunition
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Rimfire is a method of ignition for metallic firearm cartridges as well as the cartridges themselves. It is called rimfire because the pin of a gun strikes and crushes the bases rim to ignite the primer. Once the rim of the cartridge has been struck and the bullet discharged, while many other different cartridge priming methods have been tried since the 19th century, only rimfire technology and centerfire technology survive today in significant use. Frenchman Louis-Nicolas Flobert invented the first rimfire metallic cartridge in 1845 and his cartridge consisted of a percussion cap with a bullet attached to the top and the idea was to improve the safety of indoor shooting. In English-speaking countries, the Flobert cartridge corresponds to.22 BB, Rimfire cartridges are limited to low pressures because they require a thin case so that the firing pin can crush the rim and ignite the primer. Rimfire cartridges of.44 caliber up to.56 caliber were once common when black powder was used as a propellant, however, modern rimfire cartridges use smokeless powder which generates much higher pressures and tend to be of.22 caliber or smaller. Rimfire cartridges are typically inexpensive, primarily due to the inherent cost-efficiency of the ability to manufacture the cartridges in large lots, the price of metals used in the cartridges increased in 2002, the prices of the ammunition then further increased in 2012 possibly due to hoarding. The idea of placing a priming compound in the rim of the cartridge evolved from an 1831 patent, by 1845, this had evolved into the Flobert.22 BB Cap, in which the priming compound is distributed just inside the rim. The.22 BB Cap is essentially just a percussion cap with a round ball pressed in the front, intended for use in an indoor gallery target rifle, it used no gunpowder, but relied entirely on the priming compound for propulsion. Its velocities were very low, comparable to an airgun, the next rimfire cartridge was the.22 Short, developed for Smith & Wessons first revolver, in 1857, it used a longer rimfire case and 4 grains of black powder to fire a conical bullet. This led to the.22 Long, with the bullet weight as the short. This was followed by the.22 Extra Long with a longer than the.22 Long. The.22 Long Rifle is a.22 Long case loaded with the heavier Extra Long bullet intended for performance in the long barrel of a rifle. Larger rimfire calibers were used during the American Civil War in the Henry Repeater, the Spencer Repeater, the Ballard rifle and the Frank Wesson carbine. The early 21st century has seen a revival in interest in rimfire cartridges, a new and increasingly popular rimfire, the 17 HMR is based on a.22 WMR casing with a smaller formed neck which accepts a.17 bullet. The advantages of the 17 HMR over.22 WMR and other rimfire cartridges are its much flatter trajectory, the.17 HM2 is based on the.22 Long Rifle and offers similar performance advantages over its parent cartridge, at a significantly higher cost. While.17 HM2 sells for about four times the cost of.22 Long Rifle ammunition, it is significantly cheaper than most centerfire ammunition. A notable rimfire cartridge that is still in production in Europe and this cartridge can fire a small ball, but is primarily loaded with a small amount of shot, and used in smoothbore guns as a miniature shotgun, or garden gun
7.
Ammunition
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Ammunition is the general term used for the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any weapon. The term ammunition can be traced back to the mid 17th century, broadly speaking, ammunition refers to both expendable weapons and the component parts of other weapons that create the effect on a target. Nearly all weapons will require some form of ammunition to operate, the word comes from the French la munition, which refers to the material used for war. The terms ammunition and munitions are used interchangeably, although the term munition now usually refers to both the actual weapons system alongside the ammunition required to operate it. The purpose of ammunition is to project a force against a target to have an effect. The most iconic example of ammunition is the cartridge, which all components required to deliver the weapon effect in a single package. Ammunition comes in a range of sizes and types and is often designed to work only in specific weapons systems. However, there are internationally recognized standards for certain types that enable their use across different weapons. There are also types of ammunition that are designed to have a specialized effect on a target, such as armor-piercing shells and tracer ammunition. Ammunition is commonly colored in a manner to assist in the identification. A round is a cartridge containing a projectile, propellant, primer. A shell is a form of ammunition that is fired by a large cannon or artillery piece. Before the mid-19th century, these shells were made of solid materials. However, since that time, they are often filled with high-explosives. A shot refers to a release of a weapons system. This may involve firing just one round or piece of ammunition, a dud refers to loaded ammunition that fails to function as intended, typically failing to detonate on landing. However, it can refer to ammunition that fails to fire inside the weapon, known as a misfire, or when the ammunition only partially functions. Dud ammunition, which is classified as an ordnance, is regarded as highly dangerous
8.
Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant
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The site has 255 buildings across 2,382 acres. The site was added to the National Priorities List as a Superfund site on September 8,1983. Initially, the plant was known as the Twin Cities Ordnance Plant but it was renamed the Twin Cities Arsenal in 1946 and finally, in 1963, the TCAAP was a product of the government-owned, contractor-operated war materials production program established by the War Department during World War II. The Minneapolis-Saint Paul area emerged as a potential GOCO candidate primarily on the basis of labor supply, TCAAP was one of six GOCO plants built to produce small arms ammunition during World War II, and was operated by the Federal Cartridge Corporation under contract to the War Department. Construction of the plant began in August 1941 and was completed three main munitions facilities. Each main facility had five lines of production and the plant had a total of 35 lines. The mission of TCAAP was to produce.30.50, production of small arms ammunition began on March 9,1942, and the plant remained in production for 42 months. Between 1942 and 1945, TCAAP produced all five small arms types, ball, armor piercing, tracer, incendiary. In 1944 the plant opened an important small arms ammunition reclamation center, the design of the.30 and.50 caliber cartridge-disassembly machines by TCAAP personnel in the late 1940s represented a significant technological advance in small arms salvage technology. Development in ammunition salvage begun during World War II continued at the facility during the Cold War period, the work force reached its peak in July 1943, when employment totaled about 26,000 people, more than half of whom were women. After Victory over Japan Day, Twin Cities Ordnance Plant was placed in reserve status, the Arsenal remained in service until 1957 when it was again closed down. In 1965, during the Vietnam War, the plant was re-opened for the manufacture of new types of small arms ammunition and it was on standby status from 1976 through 2002. In 2002 over 600 acres were declared in excess by the United States Army and this 427-acre parcel will be redeveloped in conjunction with the City of Arden Hills. Under terms of the deal, the county will pay the federal government $4.9 million for the property, in April 2013, the County executed a competitively bid contract with Carl Bolander & Sons of St. The county will finance the deal with $21.4 million in bonding and these dollars will be replenished through the sale of land for redevelopment. Through a Joint Powers Agreement, the City of Arden Hills and this entity will be responsible for implementing the City and County approved Master Plan for the site, issuing Requests for Proposals, and negotiating development agreements with private developers. The JDA meets monthly, on the first Monday of the month, in 1987 the TCAAP was positively identified as the source of Volatile organic compound contamination in New Brightons water supply, first identified in July of 1981. The contamination consisted of Trichloroethylene at levels ranging from a few parts per billion to two hundred parts per billion
9.
Kelso & Company
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Kelso & Company is a private equity investment firm focusing on leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations and growth capital transactions. Kelso invests in a variety of sectors, including communication, manufacturing, Kelso is based in New York City. Kelso also provides mezzanine capital through a joint venture with asset management firm BlackRock and their joint venture, BlackRock Kelso Capital Corp. is organized as a type of publicly traded private equity company known as a Business Development Company. Founded in 1971 as Kelso Bangert & Company, the firm acted as both an advisor and merchant bank, both making investments and advising in mergers and acquisitions. Kelso was founded by Louis O. Kelso, a lawyer and economist who is given credit for developing the concept for employee stock ownership plans, Kelso, alongside a sister company Louis O. Kelso Inc. focused initially on M&A activity involving Employee Stock Ownership Plans. Kelso raised its first private equity fund and has had a private equity investment platform since 1980. Louis O. Kelso who died in 1991 transitioned management of the firm to Joseph Schuchert to focus on writing and lecturing, today the firm is headed by Frank T. Nickell who joined the firm in 1977. In June of 2016, Kelso closed its latest fund at $2.6 billion, since 1980, the firm has raised approximately $10.1 billion of investor commitments to its private equity funds and was among the 50 largest private equity firms globally. Since its inception, the firm has investments in over 90 companies representing more than $31 billion of aggregate purchase price. Kelso & Company has invested in energy, materials, retailing, industrial and consumer products, telecommunication services, financial services, the company typically invests in North America with a focus on the United States. It targets investing between $50 million and $600 million in firms that have a value of between $250 million and $2.5 billion, Kelso & Company Blackrock-Kelso Capital Corp
10.
Pentair
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Pentair plc is a multinational diversified industrial company incorporated in Ireland with tax residency in UK, with its main U. S. office located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pentair was founded in the US, where half of the companys revenue is derived as of 2015. However, PNR was reorganized in 2014, shifting the corporate domicile from Switzerland to Ireland, until a major restructuring in 2004, the company was primarily an industrial tool manufacturer. Now, the primary focus is water and fluid controls used in the energy, food & beverage. With fiscal year 2015 revenues of US$6.43 billion, Pentair employs more than 30,000 people worldwide, Pentair was founded in August 1966 as Pentair Industries, Inc. with the name derived from the Greek root word penta-, and went public several months later. Pentair expanded its water business, acquiring the Fleck Controls control valve business in November 1995. In August 1997, Pentair acquired the General Signal Pump Group, Pentair expanded its water product business, acquiring the Fleck Controls control valve business in November 1995. In August 1997, Pentair acquired the General Signal Pump Group, in 1999 under chairman, president, and chief executive officer, Winslow H. Buxton, Pentair made a series of acquisitions. In August 1999, Pentair bought the DeVilbiss Air Power Company for $460 million in cash, DeVilbiss mades air compressors, pressure washers and generators, which complemented Pentairs professional Pneumatics tools that were powered by air compressors such as DeWalt and Porter-Cable. In 2004, Pentair bought WICOR Industries, the water systems subsidiary of Wisconsin Energy. WICOR made water pumps, filters, and pool equipment components under the Sta-Rite, SHURflo and this broadened Pentairs technical products line to include markets outside of the traditional electrical and electronics businesses. In 2006, Pentair purchased Germany-based Jung Pumpen GmbH, which makes pumps, the deal was completed in early 2007 for $227 million. Other acquisitions in 2005 and 2006 included Acu-Trol, Inc, delta Environmental Products, selected assets of Krystal Klear, and a 70% stake in Beijing Jieming Tiandi Environmental Equipment, which produces fiberglass-reinforced pressure tanks and filters. The company has announced an agreement to acquire water filtration and separation firm Porous Media for approximately $225 million and it has said that it plans to continue an active course of acquisitions, especially to grow its business outside the American market. In 2012, Pentair Inc. and Tyco International Ltd, ’s flow control business formally combined to create Pentair Ltd. The new company is described as a manufacturer of “water and fluid solutions, valves and controls, equipment protection. Tyco shareholders now own approximately 52. 5% and former Pentair Inc. shareholders own approximately 47. 5% of Pentair Ltd, following this merger the new company was based in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, with 30,000 employees and 100 manufacturing plants in 30 countries. Currently the headquarters are in Worsley, United Kingdom, the transaction is anticipated to be completed late in 2016 or early in 2017 and is subject to customary closing conditions and necessary regulatory approvals
11.
Alliant Techsystems
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Alliant Techsystems Inc. was an American aerospace, defense, and sporting goods company with its headquarters in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States. The company operated in 22 states, Puerto Rico, and other countries, ATKs revenue in the 2014 fiscal year was about US$4.78 billion. On April 29,2014, ATK announced that it would spin off its Sporting Group and merge its Aerospace, ATK was launched as an independent company in 1990, when Honeywell spun off its defense businesses to shareholders. In 1995, ATK entered the market with the acquisition of the aerospace division of Hercules Inc. Since then ATK has become a supplier of aerospace and defense products to the U. S. government and its allies, in 2001, ATK acquired Thiokol, renaming it ATK Launch Systems in 2006, though it is still known within the industry by its original name. Thiokol was the manufacturer of the reusable Solid Rocket Motor used to launch the NASA Space Shuttle. Also in 2001, ATK entered the sporting and law enforcement ammunition market with the acquisition of the businesses of Blount International. This acquisition made ATK the nations largest manufacturer of ammunition, in 2009, ATK acquired Eagle Industries and in 2010 ATK acquired Blackhawk Industries Products Group Unlimited, LLC, diversifying into the security and law enforcement market. On 29 April 2014, ATK announced that its board unanimously approved a plan to create two independent, public companies composed of ATKs current businesses and Orbital Sciences Corporation, ATK is spinning off its Sporting Group to ATK shareholders on a tax-free basis. The spinoff will be followed by an all-stock merger of ATKs Aerospace and Defense Groups with Orbital Sciences. The combined company will be named Orbital ATK Inc, on October 28,2014, ATK announced that it would be seeking approval of issuance of shares to Orbital stockholders on December 9. ATK responded to news of the explosion of a built by Orbital in an earnings call. ATK stated it would conduct an evaluation of any potential implications resulting from the incident, including current operating plans, long-term strategies, and the proposed transaction. ”ATK also said that it was taking a careful look at its Castor 30XL motor. ATK further noted that the explosion occurred before ignition of the second stage, both firms rescheduled shareholder votes on the merger from December 9,2014 to January 27,2015. ATK’s Aerospace Group covered space, defense and commercial aerospace products, the group offered propulsion for space exploration, commercial launch vehicles and strategic and missile defense. ATK Aerospace was headquartered in Magna, Utah, in 2012, NASA awarded the company a $50 million contract to complete engineering development and risk reduction tests as part of the Advanced Concept Booster Development for the Space Launch System. In April 2014, ATK received a contract from the United Launch Alliance worth $178 million to produce structures for the United States Air Forces Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle program. ATK will deliver parts for the Atlas V and Delta IV starting in 2014, there is an option for additional deliveries in 2017 and 2018
12.
Hydra-Shok
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Hydra-Shok is a type of cartridge with expanding bullets made by Federal Cartridge. It was originally patented by ammunition designer Tom Burczynski, Hydra-Shok was debuted in 1988 after the FBI requested a bullet with better terminal ballistics than traditional cup and core projectiles. Hydra-Shok ammunition features a unique, patented center-post design and notched jacket with a lead core. Together they are meant to more reliable expansion and deeper penetration than the other projectiles used at that time. Center post designed bullets like Hydra-Shok have more predictable results and therefore offer some advantage as a projectile, the manufacturer says that the scored jacket and center post design provide a programmed expansion. There has been debate regarding the bullets unreliable expansion when fired through clothing or media other than ballistic gelatin. The Hydra-Shok cartridge is a hollow point round as opposed to full metal jacket bullets which have a smooth. The Hydra-Shok is available in various calibers,9 mm,10 mm.32 ACP.380 ACP.38 S&W Special,327 Federal Magnum.357 Magnum.40 S&W.45 ACP.45 GAP and it can also be found in 12ga
13.
Expanding bullet
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Expanding bullets are projectiles designed to expand on impact, increasing in diameter to limit penetration and/or produce a larger diameter wound for faster incapacitation. Therefore, they are used for hunting and by police departments. Two typical designs are the hollow-point bullet and the soft-point bullet, expanding bullets are designed to expand on impact, sometimes as much as twice the diameter. This will slow the bullet down and more of its energy will be transferred to the target. For this reason expanding bullets are used in hunting because their stopping power increases the chance of a quick kill. There are a number of used for hunting different game. Bullets used for medium and large game need better penetration, which means bullets designed to maintain integrity, the velocities at which the bullets hit affect their expansion and penetration. Expanding bullets are less likely to pass through the target, and this reduces the risk of accidental shootings. For this reason, and to maximize the effect, law enforcement organizations use expanding bullets. Even then some penetration is needed, e. g. to penetrate a windshield or heavy clothing, expanding bullets were given the name Dum-dum, or dumdum, after an early British example produced in the Dum Dum Arsenal, near Calcutta, India by Captain Neville Bertie-Clay. There were several expanding bullets produced by this arsenal for the.303 British cartridge, including soft point and these were not the first expanding bullets, however, hollow point expanding bullets were commonly used for hunting thin skinned game in express rifles as early as the mid-1870s. The use of the term Dum-dum, applied to expanding bullets other than the early.303 designs, is considered slang by most ammunition and ballistics sources. Manufacturers have many terms to describe the construction of the various types of expanding bullets. The expansion itself is sometimes called mushrooming, another early name was General Tweedies mushroom bullet, cited in the New York Times in 1892. Early bullets were made in the form of spheres of nearly pure lead. These would often flatten upon impact with the target, causing a larger wound than the diameter of the ball. The adoption of rifling allowed the use of longer, heavier bullets, in this case expansion was a side effect of materials, and there is no evidence that the bullets were designed to expand upon impact. The earliest examples of bullets designed to expand on impact were those fired by express rifles
14.
Ballistic gelatin
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Ballistic gelatin is a testing medium scientifically correlated to swine muscle tissue, in which the effects of bullet wounds can be simulated. It was developed and improved by Martin Fackler and others in the field of wound ballistics, ballistic gelatin is a solution of gelatin powder in water. Ballistic gelatin closely simulates the density and viscosity of human and animal muscle tissue, and is used as a standardized medium for testing the terminal performance of firearms ammunition. The most commonly used formula is a 10% ballistic gelatin, which is prepared by dissolving 1 part 250 bloom gelatin into 9 parts of warm water, mixing the water while pouring in the powdered gelatin. The older NATO formula specifies a 20% solution, chilled to 10 °C, in either case, a 1988 research paper by Martin Fackler recommends that the water should not be heated above 40 °C, as this can cause a significant change in the ballistic performance. While the exact calibration methods vary slightly, the method used by the INS National Firearms Unit is fairly typical. It requires a velocity of 183 ±3 m/s, and a BB penetration between 8.3 and 9.5 cm. MacPhersons Figure 5-2, Velocity Variation Correction to Measured BB Penetration Depth, ballistic gels made from natural gelatin are typically yellow-brown in color, and are not re-usable. Newer synthetic substitutes are engineered to closely simulate the ballistic properties of gelatin, while being colorless. Some synthetic gels are also re-usable, since they can be melted and reformed multiple times without affecting the ballistic properties of the gels and these bullets use the hydraulic pressure of the tissue or gelatin to expand in diameter, limiting penetration and increasing the tissue damage along their path. Bullets intended for hunting are also tested in ballistic gelatin. They sometimes placed real bones or synthetic bones in the gel to simulate bone breaks as well, various weapons are then tested on the gel torso to simulate and record the destructive effects the weapons would have on a real human body
15.
.30-30 Winchester
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The. 30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire cartridge was first marketed in early 1895 for the Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle. The. 30-30, as it is most commonly known, was the USAs first small-bore, the.30 Winchester Smokeless first appeared in Winchesters catalog No. As chambered in the Winchester Model 1894 carbine and rifle, it was known as.30 Winchester Center Fire or.30 WCF. When the cartridge was chambered in the Marlin Model 1893 rifle, the added -30 stands for the standard load of 30 grains of early smokeless powder, according to late-19th century American naming conventions for black powder-filled cartridges. Both Marlin and Union Metallic Cartridge Co. also dropped the Winchester appellation and this designation also probably serves to avoid consumer confusion with the different, yet similarly shaped. 30-40 Krag, which has been referred to as.30 US and.30 Army. As originally produced by Winchester Repeating Arms and Union Metallic Cartridge Company, one year later, UMC produced a 170-gr bullet offering, which is still the most popular loading for the cartridge. Jacketed bullets for the. 30-30 are.308 inches in nominal diameter, cast lead bullets for the. 30-30 are also popular, and usually are dimensioned to.309 inches in diameter for use in the. 30-30. The cartridge is loaded with bullets weighing between 150 and 170 gr, but lighter loads are possible. Bullets of up to 180 gr can be used, but the length restrictions of the lever-action rifles most commonly chambered for this round limit their usefulness. In Canada and the U. S. the cartridge has also used on moose, caribou. Modern opinions in Canada on its suitability for moose are mixed, paul Robertson, a Canadian hunting firearms columnist, says, Too many moose have been taken with the to rule it out as good for this purpose, as well. In both Canada and the U. S. it has a history of use on moose. It is generally agreed that the. 30-30 is not a choice for hunters who wish to shoot animals at longer ranges. The cartridge, with flat- or round-nosed bullets, does not meet minimum standards required for moose hunting in Finland, Norway. Hunting technique and style, as well as law and culture, thor Strimbold, a Canadian who has made more than 20 one-shot kills on moose with a. 30-30, advises most moose hunters to use more than minimal power if they can handle the recoil. While the. 30-30 is legal for hunting moose in Newfoundland, Canada, one of the primary reasons for the. 30-30s popularity amongst deer hunters is its light recoil. Because the majority of rifles chambered in. 30-30 are lever-action rifles with tubular magazines, the Savage Model 99 was introduced in 1899 with a rotary magazine, in part to avoid that issue. The more aerodynamic shape results in a bullet trajectory and greater retained velocity downrange
16.
Lake City Army Ammunition Plant
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The facility has remained in continuous operation except for one 5-year period following World War II. As of July 2007, the plant produced nearly 1.4 billion rounds of ammunition per year, in addition, Lake City performs small caliber ammunition stockpile reliability testing and has ammunition and weapon testing responsibilities as the NATO National and Regional Test Center. Remington Arms operated the plant from its inception until 1985, when operations were taken over by Olin Corporation, since April 2001, it has been operated by Alliant Techsystems. LCAAP is the single largest producer of small arms ammunition for the United States Armed Forces, LCAAP was established in December 1940 as the Lake City Arsenal, with production beginning in 1941. It was the first of 12 small arms plants run by the Army, LCAAP is housed on 3,935 acres with 458 buildings,40 igloos and storage capacity of 707,000 square feet. Historically, LCAAP waste treatment and disposal occurred on-site and relied on unlined lagoons, landfills, the plant generated large quantities of potentially hazardous wastes and hazardous substances, including solvents, oils, greases, explosives, radionuclides, perchlorates, and heavy metals. As a result of the contamination, the site has been named to the United States Environmental Protection Agencys National Priorities List. Professional Bulletin of United States Army Sustainment, U. S. Army,42, Joint Munitions Command website This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document Joint Munitions Command
17.
Bloomberg Businessweek
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Bloomberg Businessweek is an American weekly business magazine published by Bloomberg L. P. Businessweek was founded in 1929, the magazine was created to provide information and interpretation about what was happening in the business world and it is headquartered in New York City. Megan Murphy was appointed editor of the magazine in November 2016, Businessweek was first published in September 1929, weeks before the stock market crash of 1929. The magazine provided information and opinions on what was happening in the world at the time. Businessweek was originally published to be a resource for business managers, however, in the 1970s, the magazine shifted its strategy and added consumers outside of the business world. Since 1975, Businessweek has carried more annual advertising pages than any magazine in the United States. Stephen B. Shepard served as editor-in-chief from 1984 until 2005 when he was chosen to be the dean of the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. Under Shepard, Businessweeks readership grew to more than six million in the late 1980s and he was succeeded by Stephen J. Adler of The Wall Street Journal. Businessweek suffered a decline during the recession as advertising revenues fell one-third by the start of 2009. In July 2009, it was reported that McGraw-Hill was trying to sell Businessweek and had hired Evercore Partners to conduct the sale. Because of the liabilities, it was suggested that it might change hands for the nominal price of $1 to an investor who was willing to incur losses turning the magazine around. In late 2009, Bloomberg L. P. bought the magazine—for a reported price between $2 million to $5 million plus assumption of liabilities—and renamed it Bloomberg BusinessWeek. It is now believed McGraw-Hill received the high end of the price, at $5 million. Currently, the magazine still loses $30 million per year, about half of the $60 million it was reported losing in 2009, Adler resigned as editor-in-chief and was replaced by Josh Tyrangiel, who had been deputy managing editor of Time magazine. In early 2010, the title was restyled Bloomberg Businessweek as part of a redesign. Megan Murphy is the editor of the magazine in the eight years of Bloomberg ownership. The magazine is losing between $20-$30 million a year. The magazine is to undergo changes in the second quarter of 2017
18.
Harvard Business School
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Harvard Business School is the graduate business school of Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The school offers a large full-time MBA program, doctoral programs, HBX and it owns Harvard Business Publishing, which publishes business books, leadership articles, online management tools for corporate learning, case studies, and the monthly Harvard Business Review. Initially established by the faculty, it received independent status in 1910. The first dean was historian Edwin Francis Gay, the goal was an institution of higher learning that would offer a master of arts degree in the humanities field, with a major in business. In discussions about the curriculum, the suggestion was made to concentrate on business topics such as banking, railroads. Professor Lowell said the school would train qualified public administrators whom the government would have no choice but to employ, Harvard was blazing a new trail by educating young people for a career in business, just as its medical school trained doctors and its law faculty trained lawyers. From the start the school enjoyed a relationship with the corporate world. Within a few years of its founding many business leaders were its alumni and were hiring other alumni for starting positions in their firms, at its founding, the school accepted only male students. The Training Course in Personnel Administration, founded at Radcliffe College in 1937, was the beginning of training for women at Harvard. HBS took over administration of that program from Radcliffe in 1954, in 1959, alumnae of the one-year program were permitted to apply to join the HBS MBA program as second-years. In December 1962, the faculty voted to allow women to enter the MBA program directly, the first women to apply directly to the MBA program matriculated in September 1963. HBS is consistently ranked among the business schools in the world. It was ranked tied for 1st in the United States by U. S. News & World Report in 2017, No.1 in the U. S. by Bloomberg Businessweek, students can join one or more of the more than 80 clubs on campus. The Student Association is the interface between the MBA student body and the faculty/administration. The Summer Venture in Management Program is a management training program for rising college seniors designed to increase diversity and opportunity in business education. Participants must be employed in an internship and be nominated by and have sponsorship from their company or organization to attend. HBX, is a learning initiative announced by the Harvard Business School in March 2014 to host online university-level courses. Initial programs are the Credential of Readiness and Disruptive Strategy with Clayton Christensen, leading with Finance was added to the catalog in August 2016
19.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
20.
Savage Arms
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The Savage Arms Company is a firearms manufacturing company based in Westfield, Massachusetts, with a division located in Canada. The company makes a variety of rimfire and centerfire rifles, as well as marketing the Stevens single-shot rifles, Arthur Savage founded Savage Arms in 1894, Utica, New York. Within 20 years, they were producing rifles, handguns, the Model 1895 won a New York National Guard contract, but the contract was cancelled due to political controversy. The Model 1895 was developed into the more successful Model 1899, later renamed Model 99. Savage marketed a series of.32 and.380 caliber pocket pistols, the Models 1907,1915, Savage merged with the Driggs-Seabury Ordnance Company during World War I and produced Lewis machine guns at Driggs-Seaburys former plant in Sharon, Pennsylvania. Savage also produced Model 1899 muskets for the Montreal Home Guard during World War I, the Indian Head Logo, in 1919, Chief Lame Deer approached Arthur to purchase lever-action rifles for the Indian reservation and the two men struck a deal. The tribe would get discounted rifles and Savage would get their support and it was at this time in the companys history, that Arthur Savage added the Indian head logo--a direct gift from the Chief--to the company name. In 1920, Savage bought Stevens Arms, in 1939, Savage introduced the Model 24 combination gun, which sold over a million copies as of 1983. Savage was one of the few U. S. makers of affordable double barrel shotguns, including the Fox Model B and Model 311, the notes were due in 1927. During World War II, Savage turned again to military production, Savage made most of the Thompson submachine guns used in World War II. As quality wood was earmarked for military gun stock production, Savage produced some Model 24. 22/.410 combo guns, after the war, it produced the first motorized lawnmower. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the company had a variety of owners, Savage eventually ran into financial trouble in 1988 and filed for bankruptcy protection. Production was then reduced to the basic Model 110 bolt-action rifle, a turn-around began in 1995 with the company returning to private ownership, led by Ronald Coburn, previously of Smith & Wesson. In 2002, the company started selling a factory-installed, safe, user-adjustable trigger, the AccuStock, an aluminum stock embedded rail system to further enhance action stability and accuracy, was introduced by Savage in 2009. This new technology is now available on several of their models, in 2003, the Shooting Industry Academy of Excellence awarded Savage the Manufacturer of the Year. On February 5,2013, Coburn announced that he was stepping down after a 25-year tenure as chairman, on February 6,2013, Savage Sports announced the appointment of Ron Johnson as its new Chief Executive Officer. Johnson most recently served as President of the Sporting Group within Alliant Techsystems, aTKs Sporting Group markets firearm accessories and ammunition under brands that include Weaver Optics, Federal Premium, Speer Ammo and Blazer. ATK announced the purchase of Savage for $315 million on May 13,2013, with the purchase, Johnson remained with Bowtech, who was not part of the sale, and Al Kasper began tenure as CEO
21.
Stevens Arms
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Stevens Arms was an American firearms manufacturer founded by Joshua Stevens in 1864 in Chicopee Falls, MA. The company introduced the.22 Long Rifle round and made a number of rifle, shotgun, by 1902 they were advertising themselves as the largest producers of sporting arms in the world. They were purchased by New England Westinghouse on 28 May 1915, as a division of Savage, Stevens continued to produce firearms at their Chicopee Falls facility until 1960 when the plant was torn down and Stevens production was moved into other Savage facilities. Savage dropped the Stevens name in 1991 but revived it in 1999 and still uses it today for a number of its low cost rifles and shotguns. Stevens Arms was founded by Joshua Stevens with help from backers W. B. Fay and James Taylor in Chicopee Falls, MA and their earliest product was a tip-up action single shot pistol. Business was slow into 1870, when Stevens occupied a converted grist mill and had just sixty employees, the 1873 Panic had a further negative impact on sales. By 1876 the company had recovered to the extent that it was then manufacturing twice the number of shotguns as it had prior to that year. In 1883 they purchased the Massachusetts Arms Company which Joshua Stevens had helped found in 1850, in 1886, the company was reorganized and incorporated as J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. The business was able to grow steadily with tool manufacturing and sales now accounting for the bulk of the business output, Stevens and Taylor were bought out in 1896 by I. H. Page, who was one of the new partners and the bookkeeper, page led the company to significant growth, such that by 1902 Stevens had 900 employees and was considered one of the top sporting firearms manufacturers in the world. In 1901, Stevens entered into a partnership with J. Frank Duryea to produce the Stevens-Duryea automobile manufactured at a facility also in Chicopee Falls. In 1915, Stevens led the U. S. arms business in target, on 28 May 1915 Stevens was purchased by New England Westinghouse, a division of Westinghouse Electric. New England Westinghouse was created specifically to fulfill a contract to produce 1.8 million Mosin-Nagant rifles for Czar Nicholas II of Russia for use in World War I and they needed a firearms manufacturing facility in order to accomplish this and chose Stevens. After the purchase they sold off the tool making division, halted production of Stevens-Duryea automobiles, when the Czar was deposed by the communists in 1917, New England Westinghouse was never paid and they fell into financial distress. Stevens was purchased by the Savage Arms Company on 1 April 1920 with Stevens operating as a subsidiary of Savage and this merger made Savage the largest producer of arms in the United States at the time. After World War II they were renamed as Stevens Arms and sometimes identified as Savage-Stevens after 1948, in 1960 Savage closed the Stevens Arms facilities in Chicopee Falls and moved Stevens production to various Savage manufacturing sites. The. 22LR cartridge was available beginning in 1888, in the #1, #2, #9, and #10 break-top rifles, as several manufacturers would later do with other wildcats, Stevens adopted the. 25-20, developed by Francis J. Rabbeth in 1882. The unpopularity of the case led Stevens to develop the. 25-21 in 1897
22.
CCI (ammunition)
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CCI, based in Lewiston, Idaho, manufactures rimfire ammunition, centerfire handgun ammunition, and primers for reloaders and industrial power loads. CCI produced the first Mini-Mag rimfire ammunition in 1963, and in 1975 developed the Stinger, founded by Dick Speer in the early 1950s, CCI is as of February 2015, a subsidiary of Vista Outdoor, a spinoff of Alliant Techsystems. As of the date, CCI employed about 1100 people. On June 14,2009 the Minneapolis-St. CCI/Speer sells the Gold Dot line, component bullets, plated bullets were originally sold only for handloading as a cheap substitute for jacketed bullets. The Gold Dot line is now in use by police departments
23.
Bell Sports
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Bell Sports, a division of Vista Outdoor, is an American manufacturer of bicycle, auto racing, and motorcycle helmets. BRG Sports, owner of Riddell football helmets, sold the Bell, Giro, C-Preme, Bell Racing is headquartered in Rantoul, Illinois, with manufacturing facilities at an industrial park which used to be Chanute Air Force Base. The company started in 1923 as Bell Auto Parts in Bell, California. In 1933 Roy Richter began working for Bell Auto Parts and he produced its first race car helmets in 1954. The Bell Helmet Company was founded by Roy Richter as a division of his Bell Auto Parts store in 1956, the company name of Bell comes from its location in Bell, California. Bell introduced the first full-face motorcycle helmet on the market in 1968 the Star, in 1971 they produced the first full-face off-road motorcycle helmet. It introduced a bicycle helmet in 1975, as well as motor sports helmets Bell produced helmets for skydiving and skiing, hockey, football, baseball, fire, police and anti-ballistic for military use. In 1980 the company was merged with Riddell to form Bell-Riddell Inc, in 1991, Bell-Riddells motorcycle division was sold and became Bell Helmets, Inc. The remaining company was renamed Bell Sports, Inc, in 1999, the auto racing division was sold and split into two separate companies called Bell Racing Company and Bell Racing Europe. Bell Sports reacquired Bell Helmets in 2002, creating Bell Powersports, in 2005, it reacquired Bell Racing Company, and was itself merged into Easton-Bell Sports, Inc. in 2006. Vista Outdoor acquired the company in 2016
24.
Giro (company)
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Giro is a subsidiary of Vista Outdoor. It manufactures helmets, apparel, shoes, softgoods for cycling, the company was founded in 1985 by Jim Gentes and is headquartered in the Scotts Valley, California area. Giro is a division of BRG Sports. The Contact is a pair of ski goggles with metallic pink color, the lens is magnetically attached and secured with a release button. The Monaro is a Multi-directional Impact Protection System mountain-biking helmet, MIPS is a thin plastic sheet encased in the helmet that is designed to protect the brain by mitigating rotational forces during a side impact. Giro uses MIPS technology under license from the company of the same name, MIPS was initially developed by the Royal Institute of Technology and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden
25.
Bushnell Corporation
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Bushnell Corporation, also known as Bushnell and Bushnell Outdoor Products, is an American company specializing in optics and imaging. The company also sells Bollé Performance Eyewear ski goggles and sunglasses, Bushnell was founded in 1948 by David P. Bushnell during his time in Allied-occupied Japan. In 1999, Bushnell was acquired by private equity firm Wind Point Partners through a recapitalization of Bushnells then parent company, in 2001, Bushnell acquired the Bollé and Serengeti eyewear brands and the Moonlight line of night vision products. In 2002, Bushnell bought Tasco, a sports optics company, Tasco is a major international distributor of telescopes. The companys line of products mainly target amateur astronomers but has grown to many products besides telescopes. Tascos other products include terrestrial spotting scopes, microscopes, binoculars, Tasco sells through specialty outlets, catalogues, and online vendors. In 2005, Bushnell acquired Michael’s of Oregon, Michaels sold holsters, scope covers, cleaning kits, and other gun accessories under and along the brands Hoppe’s, Butler Creek, Stoney Point, and Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement. At the time of its purchase by Bushnell, Michaels earned about $60 million per year in profit, Michaels of Oregon was based in Oregon City. The deal was closed with debt and cash, in 2007, Bushnell was acquired by MidOcean Partners, another private equity firm, which acquired it in a leveraged recapitalization. The same year, Bushnell acquired the Final Approach and Kolpin Hunting brands from Facilitator Capital Funds, both brands are well known among duck hunters. In June 2008, Bushnell acquired the assets of Simmons Outdoor Corporation from Meade Instruments, Simmons manufactured optical goods such as binoculars and riflescopes. Simmons was Bushnells seventh acquisition since 2001, on Sept.5,2013, Alliant Techsystems announced it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Bushnell. Under the terms of the transaction, ATK paid $985 million in cash, microscopes Telescopes Spotting scopes Game cameras Night vision Simmons Optics, a line of rifle scopes, binoculars, and other optical products. Rangefinder The company also has Holosight, a holographic weapon sight. It produces an illuminated crosshair that appears to be in front of the gun in perfect alignment, Bushnell produces WeatherFX personal weather stations for hikers, campers, and others who can use it to keep informed of potentially hazardous weather issues while away from home. Bushnell created two GPS products in 2006 that are the first such devices to integrate aerial and satellite imagery into the display and they also have integrated XM radio to provide real-time weather data and can overlay weather maps and weather radar info. In 2007 the Onix 400 GPS unit won the Best of the Best award from Field & Stream magazine, Bushnell also has a line of simple GPS devices called Backtrack. They allow users to set up to five locations and forget about the device until they have to return, the device then uses a digital compass and basic GPS technology to return to the set location
26.
Tasco
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Tasco is a major international distributor of telescopes. Tasco mainly makes telescopes for amateur astronomers but has expanded into other products such as spotting scopes, microscopes, binoculars. Tasco sells via specialty outlets, catalogues, and online retailers, Tasco is based in Miramar, Florida. George Rosenfield founded the firm as the Tanross Supply Company in 1954 and it started as a distributor of fishing tackle and hardware. The name was shortened to Tasco as inventory expanded to include binoculars. Tasco manufactures both a variety of equipment including terrestrial telescopes, microscopes, binoculars, telescopic sights. Three categories of telescopes are available from Tasco - Novice, Luminova, the Novice family features the most economical telescopes using manual focus and view finding, while the high end Spacestation utilizes fully automated sky-mapping, GoTo technology. Magnification ranges of the telescopes are advertised as between 25 and 675 power, both reflecting telescopes and refracting telescopes are available in each category. Tascos astronomical telescopes have a poor reputation as a usable instrument. It is one of several companies that follows the practice of advertising their products based on claims of high magnification. Tasco makes binoculars with magnifications range between seven and ten power on a variety of models and they also offer Snapshot series binoculars, which include an ability to record video and capture still pictures as seen through the binoculars. Users can transfer images to a computer through a USB cable, Tasco provides software for viewing and printing. Tasco makes telescopic sights for long rifles, rimfire rifles, and they also make non-magnifying red dot sights. Tasco offers several models of spotting scopes and these scopes are designed for rugged outdoor use and feature rubber armour protection as well as optional camouflage. Models have magnifications between 12 and 45 times, and feature panoramic view finding, Tasco was founded and owned by George Rosenfield in 1954. In March 1996, Rosenfield sold the business, at that time, Tasco employed 160 people at its Florida headquarters, and maintained a location in the state of Washington, which employed 40. In June 1998, Tasco purchased Celestron, another telescope manufacturer which focused on performance optical equipment, Celestron was second only to Meade Instruments Corporation in sales of telescopes. Early 2001, Tasco began searching for a buyer as profits sank, Meade Corporation begins negotiations for a merger, but the Federal Trade Commission blocked the attempt
27.
CamelBak
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CamelBak Products, LLC is an outdoors equipment company based in Petaluma, California, best known for its hydration products, such as hydration packs and water bottles. CamelBak is also a supplier of hydration packs, protective gear, in 1989, CamelBak founder Michael Eidson was competing in the Hotter n Hell 100 bike race in Wichita Falls, Texas. Eidson, who was an EMT by trade, filled an IV bag with water and he then pinned the tube sock to the back of his jersey, pulled the tube over his shoulder, and secured it with a clothes pin. Within a few months, Eidson began selling the first CamelBak product, the ThermalBak, U. S. troops took CamelBak products into battle in the first Gulf War and they quickly became a popular product at military exchanges. CamelBaks defense sales grew further during the second Gulf War and the War in Afghanistan, U. S. and foreign government contracts made up about 40% of CamelBaks business as of 2012. CamelBak was sold to San Francisco toymaker Kransco in 1996 for $5 million, bear Stearns Merchant Banking bought it for $210 million in 2004. In 2006, CamelBak expanded into the water bottle business, the company differentiated its bottles by making them taste-free, using bite valves designed to stop leaks while allowing easy sipping. Eliminating the use of BPA In 2011, water bottles accounted for about 31% of CamelBaks sales, compass Diversified Holdings, a private equity firm, purchased the company in August 2010 for $258 million. In February 2015, CamelBak filed a patent-infringement suit against Osprey to protect its hands-free reservoir hydration systems, the suit was settled in July 2015 on confidential terms. CamelBak was purchased by Vista Outdoor in July 2015 for $412.5 million, Vista Outdoor will integrate CamelBaks 300 employees into its outdoor products division. One of CamelBaks military lines features reservoirs that resist chemical and biological weapons, the United States Army approved the use of CamelBak CBR X hydration packs in November 2015. Reusable water bottles increased in popularity after bottled water was denounced by environmentalists, since 2008, these CamelBak products have been manufactured without BPA, a potentially toxic chemical commonly used to harden polycarbonate plastic, or phthalates. CamelBak now uses copolyester from Eastman Tritan, CamelBak claims to be the first company in its industry to stop using BPA in all its products. In January 2012, CamelBak started selling its All Clear portable water purification system, All Clear uses ultraviolet light to make untreated water potable in about one minute. In 2014, CamelBak released a filtered water pitcher called the Relay, CamelBak claims that the Relay filters water ten times faster than competing products, this is fast enough to keep up with the flow rate of a kitchen faucet. The Relay uses large pleated filters that last about four months, in May 2015, Nephros, a medical device company that specializes in liquid purification, announced that it had licensed its HydraGuard line of military-grade water filters to CamelBak. The terms of the deal give CamelBak the exclusive right to sell HydraGuard products, CamelBak moved to Petaluma, California in 1999. As of 2012, about 80 people worked at CamelBaks headquarters there, CamelBak converted its rented office space into a LEED-certified facility
