1.
Iviswold
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Iviswold, also known as The Castle, is a house originally constructed in 1869 located in what is now Rutherford, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It was placed on the List of Registered Historic Places in New Jersey on November 4,2004, the house is part of the Rutherford campus of Felician College and underwent a renovation that was completed in 2013. The home was built in 1869 by Floyd W. Tomkins who called it Hill House and it was purchased in 1887 by David Brinkerhoff Ivison who greatly expanded it and gave the home the name Iviswold. The expansion was designed by the architect William Henry Miller, Ivison died in 1903 and Iviswold was sold and resold multiple times. During this period the building was used by the Rutherford Union Club, in 1930 the building was owned by the Rutherford National Bank, then headed by Fairleigh S. Dickinson. In 1942 Fairleigh Dickinson University was created and held the first classes within Iviswold, Felician University spent several years restoring the building to its original condition. The New Jersey Historic Trust contributed $1,550,000 to the restoration project, the original home was a two-story stone house with a mansard roof. The 1887 remodeling of the house was inspired by the Château de Chaumont in Loir-et-Cher, the remodeling turned the building into a three-story turreted mansion with 25 rooms, including balconies, a music room and a porte-cochère. Local brownstone was used in the construction of the exterior walls, in the 1930s, an indoor pool was installed with a water tower built into the structure to supply it. In the 1970s, when Fairleigh Dickinson was using the building for classroom space, National Register of Historic Places listings in Bergen County, New Jersey Felician College
2.
Rutherford, New Jersey
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Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Rutherford was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on September 21,1881, from portions of Union Township, the borough was named for John Rutherfurd, a U. S. Senator who owned land in the area, Rutherford has been called the Borough of Trees and The First Borough of Bergen County. The ridge above the New Jersey Meadowlands upon which Rutherford sits was settled by Lenape Native Americans long before the arrival of Walling Van Winkle in 1687, New Barbadoes was part of Essex County from 1693 to 1710, when Bergen County was formed. In 1826, the became part of Lodi Township. When Hudson County was formed in 1840, the area that is today North Arlington, Lyndhurst, Rutherford, however, the area reverted to Bergen County in 1852 and became known as Union Township. Part of the region was known as Boiling Springs for a powerful, despite its name, the spring actually consisted of cold groundwater seeps rather than hot springs. The Erie Railroad built its Main Line from Jersey City across the Meadowlands in the 1840s, daniel Van Winkle, a descendant of Walling, donated land in 1866 for a train station at Boiling Springs. Several resorts were built along the Passaic, with guests disembarking at Boiling Springs station, later, the railroad opened a station closer to the river, at Carlton Hill. Van Winkle opened a real estate office at Depot Square to sell the land of the Rutherfurd Park Association, in the 1870s, the area began to be called Rutherford. Hayes, who was elected President in 1876, or could have been because of a clerical error done by the United States Postal Service, the Post Office opened a facility called Rutherford in 1876. On September 21,1881, the Borough of Rutherford was formed by vote of secession from Union Township. By then, the community had about 1,000 residents, Rutherford is home to the following locations on the National Register of Historic Places, Iviswold –223 Montross Avenue. Located on the campus of Felician College, a $9 million renovation project of the Iviswold castle that took 14 years was completed in 2013, originally constructed by Floyd W. Miller. Kip Homestead –12 Meadow Road, New Jersey Transit initiated a $1 million project in 2009 to renovate the station, which had been constructed in 1898, to restore the interior of the structure. William Carlos Williams House –9 Ridge Road, yereance-Berry House –91 Crane Avenue. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has an area of 2.942 square miles. Rutherford is an suburb of New York City, located 8 miles west of Midtown Manhattan
3.
Felician Sisters
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The Felician Sisters is a religious institute of pontifical right whose members profess public vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience and follow the evangelical way of life in common. When Sophia Camille Truszkowska was twelve years of age, her moved to Warsaw where her father took up the position of Registrar of Deeds. Initially, she wished to become a Visitation nun, but in 1854 she joined the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, with her father’s financial assistance, she rented a flat in order to care for several orphaned girls and aged women. Sophia was joined in her work by her cousin and close friend, later that year they became lay members of the Franciscan Third Order. Hereafter this was recorded as the founding day of the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice. People began calling them “Sisters of St. Felix. ”In reference to the shrine of St. Felix of Cantalice at a nearby Capuchin church and they were popularly referred to as “Felician Sisters, ” the name by which the community is still known. In 1857, she and several associates took the Franciscan habit, Sophia took the new name of Mary Angela. In 1869 health problems caused her to withdraw from administration of the Congregation and she spent the next thirty years on assignments in the garden and greenhouse, tending flowers for the chapel and in the liturgical vestment sewing room, embroidering altar cloths and chasubles. She died at the house in Kraków on October 10,1899. Mother Mary Angela Truszkowska was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1993 and this remains a discipline in the Kraków, Przemyśl and Warsaw provinces in Poland, and a treasured tradition in the former Livonia and Enfield provinces in North America. The Felician Sisters have always sought to harmonize a deep spiritual, as of 2014, there were 1,800 professed members of the Felician Sisters, with about 700 in the North American Province. The sisters provided social mobility for young Polish women, although the congregation was involved in the care of orphans, the aged, and the sick, teaching remained its primary concern
4.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
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Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
6.
Lodi, New Jersey
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Lodi is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Lodi owes its name to the Italian city of Lodi, Lombardy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has an area of 2.285 square miles. Areas of the borough are prone to flooding during heavy rain, the borough borders Garfield, Hackensack, Hasbrouck Heights, Maywood, Rochelle Park, Saddle Brook, South Hackensack, Hackensack and Wood-Ridge. As of the census of 2010, there were 24,136 people,9,471 households, the population density was 10,657.6 per square mile. There were 10,127 housing units at a density of 4,471.7 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30. 49% of the population,30. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the family size was 3.18. In the borough, the population was out with 21. 3% under the age of 18,8. 6% from 18 to 24,30. 7% from 25 to 44,26. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37.7 years, for every 100 females there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 86.7 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $55,541 and the median family income was $65,494. Males had an income of $49,002 versus $37,108 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $25,910, about 10. 1% of families and 12. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20. 4% of those under age 18 and 15. 5% of those age 65 or over. Same-sex couples headed 64 households in 2010, an increase from the 44 counted a decade earlier, as of the 2000 United States Census there were 23,971 people,9,528 households, and 6,097 families residing in the borough. The population density was 10,590.6 people per square mile, there were 9,908 housing units at an average density of 4,377.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 78. 16% White,3. 55% African American,0. 17% Native American,8. 86% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,6. 25% from other races, and 2. 97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17. 98% of the population,30. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the family size was 3.16
7.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
