Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
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Ferdinand I was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Treaty of Aranjuez on 20 March 1801. He was a member of the Hous
Portrait by Johan Zoffany, 1779
Louise-Élisabeth and her son Ferdinand (portrait by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, 1788)
A portrait of Ferdinand (c. 1765–69). The portrait is formally attributed to Giuseppe Baldrighi, however, it was painted by Pietro Melchiorre Ferrari
Louis I of Etruria
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Louis I was the first of the two kings of Etruria. Louis was the son of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and Maria Amalia of Austria. He was born in 1773, when his great-grandfather, King Louis XV of France,
Portrait by Goya, 1800
The Family of the King of Etruria
Tomb of Louis I in El Escorial