Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Ferdinand III was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg (1803–1805) and Grand Duke of Würzburg (1805–1814).
Grand Duke Ferdinand sitting in his library, 1797, after Joseph Dorffmeister
Ferdinand as a young boy
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants.
Cosimo I de' Medici
The Grand Duke Ferdinando I.
Maria Maddalena, Cosimo II and Ferdinando II, painting after Justus Sustermans
The Grand Duke Cosimo III in old age